Decompression Sickness (DCS) “Bends”
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Compressed Air Compressed
Construction Planning, Equipment, and Methods Sixth Edition CHAPTER COMPRESSEDCOMPRESSED AIRAIR • A. J. Clark School of Engineering •Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering By 11 Dr. Ibrahim Assakkaf ENCE 420 – Construction Equipment and Methods Spring 2003 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Maryland, College Park CHAPTER 11. COMPRESSED AIR Slide No. 1 ENCE 420 ©Assakkaf COMPRESSEDCOMPRESSED AIRAIR 1 CHAPTER 11. COMPRESSED AIR Slide No. 2 ENCE 420 ©Assakkaf INTRODUCTION Compressed air is used for: 9Drilling rock 9Driving piles 9Operating hand tools 9Pumping 9Cleaning PAVING PUMP BREAKER CHAPTER 11. COMPRESSED AIR Slide No. 3 ENCE 420 ©Assakkaf INTRODUCTION In many instances the energy supplied by compressed air is the most convenient method of operating equipment and tools. When air is compressed, it receives energy from the compressor. This energy is transmitted through a pipe or hose to the operating equipment, where a portion of the energy is converted into mechanical work. 2 CHAPTER 11. COMPRESSED AIR Slide No. 4 ENCE 420 ©Assakkaf INTRODUCTION The operations of compressing, transmitting, and using air will always result in a loss of energy, which will give an overall efficiency less than 100%, sometimes considerably less. CHAPTER 11. COMPRESSED AIR Slide No. 5 ENCE 420 ©Assakkaf INTRODUCTION Things to consider: 9Effect of altitude on capacity. 9Loss of air pressure in pipe and hose systems. 9Capacity factors. 3 CHAPTER 11. COMPRESSED AIR Slide No. 6 ENCE 420 ©Assakkaf OVERVIEWOVERVIEW Selecting the right air compressor depends on many factors. ¾ Compressor capacity and operating pressure depend on the tools used. ¾ Engine and compressor lose power and capacity as altitude increases and temperature rises. -
Urinary Problems in Decompression Sickness*
Paraplegia 23 (1985) 20-25 © 1985 International Medical Society of Paraplegia Urinary Problems in Decompression Sickness* Athanasios Dounis, M.D. and Dionisios Mitropoulos, M.D. The Naval Medical Hyperbaric Center) Piraeus Naval Hospital and Department of Urology) Athens Naval Hospital) Greece Summary The records of 25 patients with type II decompression sickness and urinary problems have been reviewed. Seventeen patients were professionals and 8 were above the age of 40. The disease appeared within the 1st hour of emergence from the water in 70% of the cases and within the first 4 hours in the remaining 30%. Nine patients were diagnosed as paraplegic and two as tetraplegic. All patients had urinary disturbances and 14 were on Foley-catheter drainage during the decompression while 11 were on intermittent catheterisation. Fifteen patients had improved urinary function after recompression) 8 had some difficulty) 2 underwent a sphincterotomy and one a transurethral prostatectomy. The low percentage of complete recovery was due to the delayed arrival at the decompression chamber. Key words: Diving; Decompression sickness; Urinary disturbances. Introduction Diving for sponge fishery is the main professional occupation of the young men in the South-East Aegean islands. Although the use of recompression has decreased the number of decompression sickness victims, patients with remaining neurological problems still present. During the last 20 years, although there is a decrease of the professional divers' accidents there is an increase of the number of patients with decompression sickness. This is due to the continuously increasing numbers of sport divers in Greece. In Greece, the field of underwater medicine is covered mainly by the Naval Medical Service. -
Hypothermia Brochure
Visit these websites for more water safety and hypothermia prevention in- formation. What is East Pierce Fire & Rescue Hypothermia? www.eastpiercefire.org Hypothermia means “low temperature”. Washington State Drowning When your body is exposed to cold tem- Prevention Coalition Hypothermia www.drowning-prevention.org perature, it tries to protect itself by keeping a normal body temperature of 98.6°F. It Children’s Hospital & tries to reduce heat loss by shivering and Regional Medical Center In Our Lakes moving blood from your arms and legs to www.seattlechildrens.org the core of your body—head, chest and and Rivers abdomen. Hypothermia Prevention, Recognition and Treatment www.hypothermia.org Stages of Hypothermia Boat Washington Mild Hypothermia www.boatwashington.org (Core body temperature of 98.6°— 93.2°F) Symptoms: Shivering; altered judg- ment; numbness; clumsiness; loss of Boat U.S. Foundation dexterity; pain from cold; and fast www.boatus.com breathing. Boat Safe Moderate Hypothermia www.boatsafe.com (Core body temperature of 93.2°—86°F) Symptoms: Semiconscious to uncon- scious; shivering reduced or absent; lips are blue; slurred speech; rigid n in muscles; appears drunk; slow Eve breathing; and feeling of warmth can occur. mer! Headquarters Station Sum Severe Hypothermia 18421 Old Buckley Hwy (Core body temperature below 86°F) Bonney Lake, WA 98391 Symptoms: Coma; heart stops; and clinical death. Phone: 253-863-1800 Fax: 253-863-1848 Email: [email protected] Know the water. Know your limits. Wear a life vest. By choosing to swim in colder water you Waters in Western Common Misconceptions Washington reduce your survival time. -
22575VIC Course in Basic Oxygen Administration for First Aid
22575VIC Course in Basic Oxygen Administration for First Aid This course has been accredited under Part 4.4 of the Education and Training Reform Act 2006 Version 1 Accredited for the period: 1 January 2021 to 31 December 2025 © State of Victoria (Department of Education and Training) 2021. Copyright of this material is reserved to the Crown in the right of the State of Victoria. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 Australia licence (see Creative Commons for more information). You are free use, copy and distribute to anyone in its original form as long as you attribute Department of Education and Training as the author, and you license any derivative work you make available under the same licence. Disclaimer In compiling the information contained in and accessed through this resource, the Department of Education and Training (DET) has used its best endeavours to ensure that the information is correct and current at the time of publication but takes no responsibility for any error, omission or defect therein. To the extent permitted by law, DET, its employees, agents and consultants exclude all liability for any loss or damage (including indirect, special or consequential loss or damage) arising from the use of, or reliance on the information contained herein, whether caused or not by any negligent act or omission. If any law prohibits the exclusion of such liability, DET limits its liability to the extent permitted by law, for the resupply of the information. Third party sites This resource may contain links to third party websites and resources. -
Hypothermia and Respiratory Heat Loss While Scuba Diving
HYPOTHERMIA AND RESPIRATORY HEAT LOSS WHILE SCUBA DIVING Kateřina Kozáková Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University in Prague, Department of Biomedical Labo- ratory Abstract One of the factors affecting length of stay under water of a diver is heat comfort. During scuba diving there is an increased risk of hypothermia. Hypothermia is one of the most life threatening factors of a diver and significantly affects his performance. The body heat loss runs by different mechanisms. One of them is the respiratory mechanism, which is often overlooked. Compressed dry air or other media is coming out from the cylinder, which have to be heated and humidified to a suitable value. Thus the organism loses body heat and consequently energy. Based on literature search the article will describe safe dive time in terms of hypo- thermia in connection to respiratory heat loss. Key words: hypothermia, heat loss, respiration, scuba diving, water environment Souhrn Jedním z faktorů ovlivňujících délku pobytu potápěče pod vodou je tepelný komfort. Během výkonu přístro- jového potápění hrozí zvýšené riziko hypotermie. Hypotermie představuje jedno z nejzávažnějších ohrožení života potápěče a zásadně ovlivňuje jeho výkon. Ke ztrátám tělesného tepla dochází různými mechanismy. Jednou cestou tepelných ztrát je ztráta tepla dýcháním, která je často opomíjená. Z potápěčského přístroje vychází suchý stlačený vzduch nebo jiné médium, který je třeba při dýchání ohřát a zvlhčit na potřebnou hodnotu. Tím organismus ztrácí tělesné teplo a potažmo energii. Tento článek, na základě literární rešerše, popíše bezpečnou dobou ponoru z hlediska hypotermie a v souvislosti se ztrátou tepla dýcháním. Klíčová slova: hypotermie, ztráta tepla, dýchání, přístrojové potápění, vodní prostředí Introduction amount of body heat. -
Heat Stroke Heat Exhaustion
Environmental Injuries Co lin G. Ka ide, MD , FACEP, FAAEM, UHM Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine Board-Certified Specialist in Hyperbaric Medicine Specialist in Wound Care The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center The Most Dangerous Drug Combination… Accidental Testosterone Hypothermia and Alcohol! The most likely victims… Photo: Ralf Roletschek 1 Definition of Blizzard Hypothermia of Subnormal T° when the body is unable to generate sufficient heat to sustain normal functions Core Temperature < 95°F 1979 (35°C) Most Important Temperatures Thermoregulation 95°F (35° C) Hyper/Goofy The body uses a Poikilothermic shell to maintain a Homeothermic core 90°F (32°C) Shivering Stops Maintains core T° w/in 1.8°F(1°C) 80°F (26. 5°C) Vfib, Coma Hypothalamus Skin 65°F (18°C) Asystole Constant T° 96.896.8-- 100.4° F 2 Thermoregulation The 2 most important factors Only 3 Causes! Shivering (10x increase) Decreased Heat Production Initiated by low skin temperature Increased Heat Loss Warming the skin can abolish Impaired Thermoregulation shivering! Peripheral vasoconstriction Sequesters heat Predisposing Predisposing Factors Factors Decreased Production Increased Loss –Endocrine problems Radiation Evaporation • Thyroid Conduction* • Adrenal Axis Convection** –Malnutrition *Depends on conducting material **Depends on wind velocity –Neuromuscular disease 3 Predisposing Systemic Responses CNS Factors T°< 90°F (34°C) Impaired Regulation Hyperactivity, excitability, recklessness CNS injury T°< 80°F (27°C) Hypothalamic injuries Loss of voluntary -
Title: Drowning and Therapeutic Hypothermia: Dead Man Walking
Title: Drowning and Therapeutic Hypothermia: Dead Man Walking Author(s): Angela Kavenaugh, D.O., Jamie Cohen, D.O., Jennifer Davis MD FAAP, Department of PICU Affiliation(s): Chris Evert Children’s Hospital, Broward Health Medical Center ABSTRACT BODY: Background: Drowning is the second leading cause of death in children and is associated with severe morbidity and mortality, most often due to hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Those that survive are often left with debilitating neurological deficits. Therapeutic Hypothermia after resuscitation from ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia induced cardiac arrest is the standard of care in adults and has also been proven to have beneficial effects that persist into early childhood when utilized in neonatal birth asphyxia, but has yet to be accepted into practice for pediatrics. Objective: To present supportive evidence that Therapeutic Hypothermia improves mortality and morbidity specifically for pediatric post drowning patients. Case Report: A five year old male presented to the Emergency Department after pool submersion of unknown duration. He was found to have asphyxial cardiac arrest and received bystander CPR, which was continued by EMS for a total of 10 minutes, including 2 doses of epinephrine. CPR continued into the emergency department. Upon presentation to the ED, he was found to have fixed and dilated pupils, unresponsiveness, with a GCS of 3. Upon initial pulse check was found to have return of spontaneous circulation, with sinus tachycardia. His blood gas revealed 6.86/45/477/8/-25. He was intubated, given 2 normal saline boluses and 2 mEq/kg of Sodium Bicarbonate. The initial head CT was normal. -
Dysbarism - Barotrauma
DYSBARISM - BAROTRAUMA Introduction Dysbarism is the term given to medical complications of exposure to gases at higher than normal atmospheric pressure. It includes barotrauma, decompression illness and nitrogen narcosis. Barotrauma occurs as a consequence of excessive expansion or contraction of gas within enclosed body cavities. Barotrauma principally affects the: 1. Lungs (most importantly): Lung barotrauma may result in: ● Gas embolism ● Pneumomediastinum ● Pneumothorax. 2. Eyes 3. Middle / Inner ear 4. Sinuses 5. Teeth / mandible 6. GIT (rarely) Any illness that develops during or post div.ing must be considered to be diving- related until proven otherwise. Any patient with neurological symptoms in particular needs urgent referral to a specialist in hyperbaric medicine. See also separate document on Dysbarism - Decompression Illness (in Environmental folder). Terminology The term dysbarism encompasses: ● Decompression illness And ● Barotrauma And ● Nitrogen narcosis Decompression illness (DCI) includes: 1. Decompression sickness (DCS) (or in lay terms, the “bends”): ● Type I DCS: ♥ Involves the joints or skin only ● Type II DCS: ♥ Involves all other pain, neurological injury, vestibular and pulmonary symptoms. 2. Arterial gas embolism (AGE): ● Due to pulmonary barotrauma releasing air into the circulation. Epidemiology Diving is generally a safe undertaking. Serious decompression incidents occur approximately only in 1 in 10,000 dives. However, because of high participation rates, there are about 200 - 300 cases of significant decompression illness requiring treatment in Australia each year. It is estimated that 10 times this number of divers experience less severe illness after diving. Physics Boyle’s Law: The air pressure at sea level is 1 atmosphere absolute (ATA). Alternative units used for 1 ATA include: ● 101.3 kPa (SI units) ● 1.013 Bar ● 10 meters of sea water (MSW) ● 760 mm of mercury (mm Hg) ● 14.7 pounds per square inch (PSI) For every 10 meters a diver descends in seawater, the pressure increases by 1 ATA. -
THE PHYSICIAN's GUIDE to DIVING MEDICINE the PHYSICIAN's GUIDE to DIVING MEDICINE Tt",,.,,,,., , ••••••••••• ,
THE PHYSICIAN'S GUIDE TO DIVING MEDICINE THE PHYSICIAN'S GUIDE TO DIVING MEDICINE tt",,.,,,,., , ••••••••••• , ......... ,.", •••••••••••••••••••••••• ,. ••. ' ••••••••••• " .............. .. Edited by Charles W. Shilling Catherine B. Carlston and Rosemary A. Mathias Undersea Medical Society Bethesda, Maryland PLENUM PRESS • NEW YORK AND LONDON Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title: The Physician's guide to diving medicine. Includes bibliographies and index. 1. Submarine medicine. 2. Diving, Submarine-Physiological aspects. I. Shilling, Charles W. (Charles Wesley) II. Carlston, Catherine B. III. Mathias, Rosemary A. IV. Undersea Medical Society. [DNLM: 1. Diving. 2. Submarine Medicine. WD 650 P577] RC1005.P49 1984 616.9'8022 84-14817 ISBN-13: 978-1-4612-9663-8 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4613-2671-7 DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4613-2671-7 This limited facsimile edition has been issued for the purpose of keeping this title available to the scientific community. 10987654 ©1984 Plenum Press, New York A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation 233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher Contributors The contributors who authored this book are listed alphabetically below. Their names also appear in the text following contributed chapters or sections. N. R. Anthonisen. M.D .. Ph.D. Professor of Medicine University of Manitoba Winnipeg. Manitoba. Canada Arthur J. Bachrach. Ph.D. Director. Environmental Stress Program Naval Medical Research Institute Bethesda. Maryland C. Gresham Bayne. -
First Aid Management of Accidental Hypothermia and Cold Injuries - an Update of the Australian Resuscitation Council Guidelines
First Aid Management of Accidental Hypothermia and Cold Injuries - an update of the Australian Resuscitation Council Guidelines Dr Rowena Christiansen ARC Representative Member Chair, Australian Ski Patrol Medical Advisory Committee All images are used solely for the purposes of education and information. Image credits may be found at the end of the presentation. 1 Affiliations • Medical Educator, University of Melbourne Medical • Chair, Associate Fellows Group, School Aerospace Medical Association • Director, Mars Society Australia • Board Member and SiG member, WADEM • Chair, Australian Ski Patrol Association Medical Advisory Committee • Inaugural Treasurer, Australasian Wilderness • Honorary Medical Officer, Mt Baw Baw Ski Patrol and Expedition Medicine Society (Victoria, Australia) • Member, Space Life Sciences Sub-Committee of • Representative Member, Australian Resuscitation Council the Australasian Society for Aerospace Medicine 2 Background • Australian Resuscitation Council (“ARC”) Guideline 9.3.3 “Hypothermia: First Aid Management” was published in February 2009; • Guideline 9.3.6 “Cold Injury” was published in March 2000; • A review of these Guidelines has been undertaken by the ARC First Aid task- force based on combination of a focused literature review and expert opinion (including from Australian surf life-saving and ski patrol organisations and the International Commission for Mountain Emergency Medicine (the Medical Commission of the International Commission on Alpine Rescue - “ICAR MEDCOM”); and • It is intended to publish the revised Guidelines as a jointly-badged product of the Australian and New Zealand Committee on Resuscitation (“ANZCOR”). 3 Defining the scope of the Guidelines • The scope of practice: • The ‘pre-hospital’ or ‘out-of-hospital’ setting. • Who does this guideline apply to? • This guideline applies to adult and child victims. -
Beach Nourishment Techniques: Report 1: Dredging Systems For
BEACH NOURISHMENT TECHNIQUES R ep ort I DREDGING SYSTEMS FOR BEACH NOURISHMENT FROM OFFSHORE SOURCES by Thomas W. Richardson Hydraulics Laboratory U. S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station P. O. Box 631, Vicksburg, Miss. 39180 September 1976 Report I of a Series Approved For Public Release; Distribution Unlimited TA 7 Prepared for Office, Chief of Engineers, U. S. Army .W34t Washington, D. C. 2 0 3 14 H-76-13 1976 Voi. 1 C . 3 BUREAU OF RECLAMATION LIBRARY DENVER, CO Destroy this report when no longer needed. Do not return it to the originator. P.yi!P.A.y .P f RECLAMATION DENVER LIBRARY 92071163 o'5 i Unclassified SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Date Entered) READ INSTRUCTIONS REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE BEFORE COMPLETING FORM 1. REPORT NUMBER 2. GOVT ACCESSION NO. 3. RECIPIENT’S CATALOG NUMBER Technical Report H-76-13 4 . T I T L E (and Subtitle) 5. TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED BEACH NOURISHMENT TECHNIQUES; Report 1, DREDGING SYSTEMS FOR BEACH NOURISHMENT Report 1 of a series FROM OFFSHORE SOURCES 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER 7. A U TH O R fsj 8. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBERS Thomas W. Richardson 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT, PROJECT, TASK AREA & WORK UNIT NUMBERS U. S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station Hydraulics Laboratory P. 0. Box 631, Vicksburg, Miss. 39180 11. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS 12. REPORT DATE September 1976 Office, Chief of Engineers, U. S. Army Washington, D. C. 2031** 13. NUMBER OF PAGES 83 1 4 . MONITORING AGENCY NAME & ADDRESSfi/ different from Controlling Office) 15. -
Resident Scholarly Work
RESIDENT SCHOLARLY WORK Process Improvement 2020-2021 CPIP Curriculum Ongoing Projects: Alexander Gavralidis, Stephanie tin, Matthew Macey, Allisa Alport, Beenish Furquan, Justin Byrne • Unnecessary laboratory draws in patients at a Community Hospital - evaluating whether inpatients at Salem Hospital staying overnight for a social reason undergo unnecessary laboratory draws Daria Ade, Mayuri Rapolu, Usman Mughal, Eva Kubrova, Barbara Lambl, Patrick Lee • Procalcitonin utilization to tailor antibiotic use at Salem Hospital- part of Antibiotic Stewardship program Sneha Lakshman, Arturo Castro, Ashley So, George Kavalam, Hassan Kazmi, Daniela Urma, Patrick Gordan • Development of a standardized ultrasound guided central venus catheter insertion curriculum Nupur Dandawate, Farideh Davoudi , Usama Talib, Patrick Lee • Inpatient Echo utilization – guidelines updates Anneris Estevez, Usmam Mughal, Zach Abbott, Evita Joseph, Caroline Cubbison, Faith Omede, Daniela Urma • Decrease health disparities for Hispanic community at Lynn NSPG by standardizing diabetes education referral patterns and patient education Imama Ahmad, Usama Talib, Muhammad Akash, Pablo Ledesma, Patrick Lee • Inpatient Telemetry Utilization Usman Mughal, Anneris Estevez, Patrick Lee, Barbara Lambl • Health Disparities & Covid-19 Impact on Minorities, sponsored by Dr. Patrick Lee, Chair of Medicine, Dr. Barb Lambl, Infectious Disease 2017-2020 Alexander Gavralidis, Emre Tarhan, Anneris Estevez, Daniela Urma, Austin Turner, Patrick Lee • Expanded Access to Convalescent Plasma for the Treatment of Patients with COVID-19 – 5/2020 implementing use of Convalescent Plasma to MGB Salem hospital in collaboration with research team. Arturo Castro-Diaz, Dr. Daniela Urma • Improving Hospital Care and Post - acute Care of SARS CoV2 patients 4/2020- 8/2020 Caroline Cubbison, Sohaib Ansari, Adam Matos • Code Status Documentation for admitted patients at Salem Hospital - Project accepted to SHM national meeting to be presented in April 2020 Caroline Cubbison, Coleen Reid, Dr.