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Oberon's Henchman; Or the Legend of the Three Sisters" by Matthew Gregory Lewis: a Critical Edition

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Oberon's Henchman; Or the Legend of the Three Sisters Georgia Southern University Digital Commons@Georgia Southern Electronic Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies, Jack N. Averitt College of Spring 2011 "Oberon's Henchman; Or The Legend of The Three Sisters" by Matthew Gregory Lewis: A Critical Edition Erin Waddell Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/etd Recommended Citation Waddell, Erin, ""Oberon's Henchman; Or The Legend of The Three Sisters" by Matthew Gregory Lewis: A Critical Edition" (2011). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 182. https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/182 This thesis (open access) is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies, Jack N. Averitt College of at Digital Commons@Georgia Southern. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons@Georgia Southern. For more information, please contact [email protected]. "OBERON'S HENCHMAN; OR, THE LEGEND OF THE THREE SISTERS" BY MATTHEW GREGORY LEWIS: A CRITICAL EDITION by ERIN WADDELL (Under the Direction of Douglass H. Thomson) ABSTRACT This thesis provides a critical edition of M.G. Lewis’s “Oberon’s Henchman” with an introduction to the text that recontextualizes the poem within its historical milieu. The introduction also presents a critical reading of the text, arguing that Lewis’s pastiche is a carefully orchestrated, respectfully playful synthesis of source material which redefines the nature of the spirit world on his own terms. In addition to this background and critical information, this edition provides tools for the reader’s comprehension and analysis of the poem: a character guide, synopses presented both chronologically and in order of occurrence within the ballad, extensive notes and glosses to guide and enhance the reader’s understanding, and appendices to supplement the reading. INDEX WORDS: Matthew Gregory Lewis, Oberon’s Henchman, Romantic Tales, Lady Frances Douglas, Bothwell, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Shakespeare, Wieland, Parody, Pastiche, German literature, English ballads, Gothic literature, Fairies, Brownie, Scottish folklore 2 "OBERON'S HENCHMAN; OR, THE LEGEND OF THE THREE SISTERS" BY MATTHEW GREGORY LEWIS: A CRITICAL EDITION by ERIN WADDELL B.A., Georgia Southern University, 2007 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Georgia Southern University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF ARTS STATESBORO, GEORGIA 2011 3 © 2011 ERIN WADDELL All Rights Reserved 4 "OBERON'S HENCHMAN; OR, THE LEGEND OF THE THREE SISTERS" BY MATTHEW GREGORY LEWIS: A CRITICAL EDITION by ERIN WADDELL Major Professor: Douglass H. Thomson Committee: John Thomas Lloyd Mary A. Villeponteaux Electronic Version Approved: May 2011 5 DEDICATION FOR MOM AND DAD & FOR A’MAMA Because you’ve shown me unfailing support, love, and encouragement, I’m dedicating this work to you. 6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My thanks are due to the Department of Literature and Philosophy at Georgia Southern University for fostering a nurturing and challenging learning community. My professors throughout my graduate and undergraduate work have been perpetually encouraging and inspiring. To see your excitement over literature has allowed my own to blossom. I’d like to thank especially my advisor Dr. Douglass H. Thomson, who introduced me to M.G. Lewis and who gave me the opportunity to pursue graduate studies at Georgia Southern—before I’d even applied. His own work on Lewis has been instrumental in the creation of mine, and I thank him for being such a strong role model and for providing so much guidance during the drafting of my thesis. I’d also like to thank Dr. David Dudley and everyone else within the department who granted me the graduate assistantship which allowed me to pursue my studies. Thanks are also in order to Dr. Mary A. Villeponteaux and Dr. John Thomas Lloyd for serving as readers on my committee—this was no small project and it certainly took time away from their already busy schedules. I also acknowledge Dr. Rebecca Ziegler, who kindly provided her assistance in tracking down some elusive fairy tales and folk motifs. In addition to the academic support provided to me by my professors at Georgia Southern, I’ve had quite a bit of moral support throughout my graduate career and through the drafting of my thesis. First, thanks are due to my husband who forgives me even when I take out my writing stress on him. Thank you, Joe, for picking up my slack, and for all of those nights when we relax on the sofa together because we’re both too mentally exhausted to do anything else. I also owe so much to my parents, George and Sandy Curley, who have never failed to listen and guide me when they get my hysterical phone calls. Their unending love and encouragement, even over the phone, means more than I can say. My grandmother, Connie 7 Davis has been a lifelong inspiration to me for her ardent belief in the importance in learning, and in literature, specifically. I also owe her thanks as a steadfast grammarian; thank you, A’mama for helping me edit and proofread, and thank you for not running, screaming from the room when I showed you my first (grossly incomplete) draft. I’d also like to thank my brother and my sister-in-law, Scott and Christy Curley, for opening their home to me—and even occasionally providing food!—while I finished up my coursework at Georgia Southern. And a final thank you to my whole system of support: to my mother- and father-in-law, Kay and David Waddell, who treat me like I’m one of their own, and to my sister-in-law Steffi, whose break times always seem to match up with mine. To Kristi McKay, and Jane Maddox, Whitney Zried, Amelia Wilhelm, and everyone else who told me (over and over again) they believed I could actually finish this thing. You have no idea how much your encouragement continues to mean to me. 8 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS………………………………………………………………..……………6 LIST OF FIGURES…………………….…………………………………………….....……….......10 PREFACE………………………………………………………………………………………….11 INTRODUCTION TO THE TEXT…...…………………………………...……………………...…….11 I. HISTORICAL CONTEXT OF “OBERON’S HENCHMAN”…….……..……………...……....14 A. A Biographical Sketch of Lady Frances Douglas………...…..…………...……...14 B. Lewis’s Presentation of “Oberon’s Henchman” to Lady Douglas.……………….23 II. READING GUIDE ………………………...……………………………………..……..33 A. Character Guide……………………..…………………………………………...33 B. Chronological Timeline and Plot Synopsis of “Oberon’s Henchman”………….36 1. Chronological Timeline….…………………………………………………...36 2. Plot Synopsis…………….……………………………………………………37 III. CRITICAL ANALYSIS………..….…………….………………………………………40 A NOTE ON THE TEXT…………………………………………………………………………….74 “OBERON’S HENCHMAN; OR, THE LEGEND OF THE THREE SISTERS” BY M. G. LEWIS.……..77 PREFACE………………………...……………….………………………………....…….78 TITLE PAGE WITH EPIGRAPH……………………………………………………………...80 ADVERTISEMENT………………………..……………………………………….……….81 “EXTRACTS FROM THE MIDSUMMER’S NIGHTS DREAM”…………………………………84 “TO SHAKESPEARE”…………..…………………………………………………………..86 “OBERON’S HENCHMAN; OR, THE LEGEND OF THE THREE SISTERS” BOOK THE FIRST……………………………………………………………..…...88 9 BOOK THE SECOND……...…………………………….………………………...108 “TINEY’S PETITION”…….………………………………………………...…………….137 WORKS CITED……………………………………………………………………………..…….143 APPENDIX A: “TINEY’S PETITION,” AS IT APPEARED IN ROMANTIC TALES (1808)……….………149 APPENDIX B: A QUERY REGARDING PLAGIARISM………………………………………………152 APPENDIX C: CRITICAL RECEPTION 1. Annual Review (1808)………………………………………………………………..154 2. Critical Review (Dec 1808)………………………………………………………….154 APPENDIX D: OTHER CONTEMPORARY LITERARY ATTENTION TO BOTHWELL CASTLE 1. “Bothwell’s Bonny Jane” by Matthew Gregory Lewis, 1801………………………156 2. “Bothwell Bank” by John Pinkerton, 1773………………………………………….156 3. “Bothwell’s Sisters Three” by Walter Scott, 1799…….……………………………159 10 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Frances Scott (Lady Douglas), after Robert Adam. A Castle above a River, among Mountains. (n.d.) Pencil, pen and ink, watercolor wash and ink and brush on paper. With permission of The Tate Collection, London……………...……………………………...32 Figure 2: James B. Brown. Bothwell Castle fae Blantyre. (3 November 2007). Photo. Online image. Flickr. 21 Feb. 2011.……………………………………………………………..39 Figure 3: Xxxrmt. This is Bothwell Castle (at Night). (18 July 2010). Photo. Online image. Flickr. 21 Feb. 2011………………………………………………………………...……73 Figure 4: Title page of “Oberon’s Henchman” from Romantic Tales, First edition (1808)………………………………………………………………………77 Figure 5: The first and second pages of “Tiney’s Petition” from Romantic Tales. First edition (1808)………………………….…………………..149 Figure 6. Oberon’s curse interrupted by “Tiney’s Petition,” as printed in Romantic Tales (1808)…………………………………………………………………………………...150 11 PREFACE Matthew Gregory Lewis’s long poem “Oberon’s Henchman, or The Legend of the Three Sisters” is essentially a verse sequel to Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream composed in the ancient ballad style. Lewis creates a tale surrounding Titania’s and Oberon’s little Indian boy from Dream; he is a human child in the fairies’ possession, to whom Lewis gives the name of Zelim. Lewis transplants Oberon’s fairy kingdom from Shakespeare’s Athens to the area surrounding Bothwell Castle, located on the bank of the River Clyde in Lanarkshire, Scotland. As Lewis explains in his preface to the poem, “Oberon’s Henchman” is an etiological tale written to explain the presence of three standing “sister” stones on the river’s bank beside Bothwell Castle: the stones, Lewis’s poem depicts,
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