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a c i c o r o G e d ampas grass . P F (Cortaderia selloana) © Classification Order Poales Family Poaceae Originated in South America (Chile, Brazil, Genus Cortaderia Argentina). Introduced as an ornamental plant Species C. selloana ((Schult. & Schult.f.) around the world, but also used as fodder, for wind Asch & Graebn, 1900) breaks and to stabilise soil. a 1 c i c D o escription r o G n e Perennial, herbaceous plant d . n F Grows in clumps up to 2 metres in diameter and 4 metres high © n Numerous, smooth leaves, narrow, long and straight, 0.8 to 1.5 metres long, 5 to 10 mm wide, sharp edges. The leaves curve toward the ground n The inflorescences are made up of dense, fluffy, feather-like panicles, whitish in colour, 0.3 to 1 metre long n Rows of 2 to 7 flowers, the lemmas of male flowers are almost smooth, those of female flowers have long, silver hairs Ecology and reproduction n Wide range of habitats (dunes, wet swards, marshes, ditches, river banks, roadsides, reverted land, etc.) The plants prefer sunny, humid areas, but can survive dry periods 2 n Life cycle of 10 to 15 years n The plants produce large quantities of seeds that are easily carried by the wind n Generally a dioecious species g n a D t ocumentation S . D n Fried G. 2012. Guide des plantes invasives. Belin, Paris, 272 pp. © n Muller S (coord.), 2004. Plantes invasives en France. MNHN, Paris, 168 pp. 3 s n Brunel S (coord.), 2003. Plantes envahissantes de la région méditerra- t néenne. Agence méditerranéenne de l'environnement, Conservatoire n a botanique national méditerranéen de Porquerolles, Agence régionale l pour l’environnement Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur. 48 pp. p n CABI, 2018. Invasive Species Compendium : Cortaderia selloana s (pampas grass). https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/11872 e r u e i t t o o l Author: Doriane Blottière, IUCN French committee, for the Resource Centre on invasive alien B e species. March 2019. Published by the French Biodiversity Agency. D c © a b r e H.

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Pampas Grass and Jubata Grass
PAMPAS GRASS AND JUBATA GRASS Cortaderia selloana Grass Family (Poaceae) Cortaderia jubata DESCRIPTION Pampas grass is a common name used masses. New seedlings often grow for both Cortaderia species. For clarity on the dead mass of the parent in this discussion, Cortaderia jubata plant, so what appears to be one will be called jubata grass,while pam- plant is often several generations, pas grass will refer only to C. selloana. growing one on top of the other.In Both species are rapid-growing contrast to jubata grass, pampas perennials that form large clumps. grass produces seeds only sexu- Jubata grass is found only in coastal ally, not apomictically, so both areas, but pampas grass also infests sexes of plants are necessary for more inland locales. Both are found in pollination and seed pro- disturbed areas, slopes and cliffs, duction. Both grasses PERENNIAL GRASSES coastal scrub, and forest clearings. can spread vegeta- Jubata grass leaves reach a height of tively from tillers or 5–7 feet at maturity. The dark green fragments of a leaves have sharply serrated margins.The mature plant that flowering stalks can tower up to 20 feet root in moist soil. above the mass of spreading leaves at the base. The inflorescence—a showy plume IMPACT ranging from pink to violet, turning Pampas grass is the more widespread creamy white or golden in maturity— species statewide, but jubata grass is con- typically appears from July to September. sidered more invasive in coastal areas. In Pampas grass leaves are gray-green forest gaps, both species can prevent the and narrower than those of jubata grass.
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FINAL REPORT PSRA Vegetation Monitoring 2005-2006 PC P502173
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Cortaderia Selloana
Cortaderia selloana COMMON NAME Pampas grass FAMILY Poaceae AUTHORITY Cortaderia selloana (Schult. et Schult.f.) Asch. et Graebn. FLORA CATEGORY Vascular – Exotic STRUCTURAL CLASS Grasses NVS CODE CORSEL BRIEF DESCRIPTION Robust tussock with tall erect flowering stems bearing dense heads of white to pale pink flowers. HABITAT Terrestrial. A coastal and lowland plant found between sea level and 800 metres. Plant grows in sites of all levels of fertility from low to high. The plant grows in a wide variety of soils from pumice and coastal sands to Plimmerton. Jun 2006. Photographer: Jeremy heavy clay (Ford 1993). Coloniser of open ground (West, 1996). A plant Rolfe that occurs in low or disturbed forest (including plantations), wetlands, grasslands, scrub, cliffs, coastlines, islands, forest margins, riverbanks, shrubland, open areas, roadsides and sand dunes. The plant’s primary habitat is disturbed ground. FEATURES Large-clump-forming grass to 4 m+. Leaf base smooth or sparsely hairy, no white waxy surface (cf. toetoe - Austroderia - species). Leaves with conspicuous midrib which does not continue into leaf base, no secondary veins between midrib and leaf edge. Leaves bluish-green above, dark green below, snap across readily when folded and tugged (toetoe species have multiple ribs in the leaves, making the leaves difficult to snap across). Dead leaf bases spiral like wood shavings, which makes pampas grasses more flammable than toetoe species. Flower head erect, dense, fluffy, white-pinkish, fading to dirty white, (Jan)-Mar-Jun. SIMILAR TAXA Can be separated from native Austroderia (toetoe) by the prominent single midrib on the leaves (Austroderia species have several prominent veins.).
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Cortaderia Jubata in (Source: Mandy Tu, the Nature Conservancy, Bugwood.Org)
Weed Risk Assessment for Cortaderia United States jubata (Lemoine ex Carrière) Stapf Department of Agriculture (Poaceae) – Jubata grass Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service February 18, 2014 Version 1 Left: Invasion of a coastal habitat in California by Cortaderia jubata in (source: Mandy Tu, The Nature Conservancy, Bugwood.org). Right: Habit of C. jubata (source: John M. Randall, The Nature Conservancy, Bugwood.org). Agency Contact: Plant Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Laboratory Center for Plant Health Science and Technology Plant Protection and Quarantine Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture 1730 Varsity Drive, Suite 300 Raleigh, NC 27606 Weed Risk Assessment for Cortaderia jubata Introduction Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ) regulates noxious weeds under the authority of the Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. § 7701-7786, 2000) and the Federal Seed Act (7 U.S.C. § 1581-1610, 1939). A noxious weed is defined as “any plant or plant product that can directly or indirectly injure or cause damage to crops (including nursery stock or plant products), livestock, poultry, or other interests of agriculture, irrigation, navigation, the natural resources of the United States, the public health, or the environment” (7 U.S.C. § 7701-7786, 2000). We use weed risk assessment (WRA)—specifically, the PPQ WRA model (Koop et al., 2012)—to evaluate the risk potential of plants, including those newly detected in the United States, those proposed for import, and those emerging as weeds elsewhere in the world. Because the PPQ WRA model is geographically and climatically neutral, it can be used to evaluate the baseline invasive/weed potential of any plant species for the entire United States or for any area within it.
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University of California WEED Research & Information Center Pampasgrass and Jubatagrass Threaten California Coastal Habitats WRIC Leaflet 99-1 01/1999 (edited 01/2010) Joseph M. DiTomaso1, Evelyn Healy1 Carl E. Bell2, Jennifer Drewitz1, and Alison Stanton1 1 UC Davis; 2 UCCE Imperial County Where do they come from? Pampasgrass (Cortaderia selloana) is native to Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay, where it grows in relatively damp soils along river margins. It was first introduced to Europe in the early 1800s by a Scottish horticulturist. In 1848, nurserymen introduced pampasgrass to Santa Barbara, California. Commercial production began in California in 1874, and by 1895 nurserymen near Santa Barbara were the primary producers of pampasgrass as ornamental plants. In 1946, the Soil Conservation Service throughout Ventura and Los Angeles counties planted pampasgrass to provide supplementary dryland forage and Jubatagrass infestation prevent erosion. along the coast Jubatagrass (Cortaderia jubata) is native to northern Argentina, and along the Andes of Bolivia, Peru, and Ecuador. It was first cultivated in France and Ireland from seed collected in Ecuador. It is not clear how or when it was introduced into California, but it may have come through France, via the horticultural trade. Both species are true grasses (members of the Poaceae). Jubatagrass plant in redwood forest What problems do they cause? Jubatagrass is the more widespread and aggressive species. It is often called pampasgrass because of the difficulty in distinguishing the two species. Once established, mature plants of both species are very competitive. Large infestations of pampasgrass and jubatagrass threaten California's coastal ecosystems by crowding out native species, particularly in sensitive coastal dune areas.
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Kijk op Exoten / December 2019 12 Pampagrassen Ruud Beringen (FLORON), Johan van Valkenburg (NVWA Wageningen, Nationaal Referentiecentrum Fyto) & Leni Duistermaat (Naturalis Biodiversity Center, sectie Botanie) In augustus 2019 is er aan de EU-Unielijst met verboden uitheemse soorten ook een 'pampagras' toegevoegd; en wel hoog pampagras. In Europa wordt vooral pampagras, vanwege de decoratieve witte pluimen, veel als sierplant aangeplant. Beide soorten zijn nauw verwant en kunnen makkelijk met elkaar worden verward. Hoog pampagras is voor zover bekend alleen recent in het Verenigd Koninkrijk als sierplant geteeld. Gezien de grote gelijkenis tussen pampagrassen en de verwarrende naamgeving is het niet uitgesloten dat er meer soorten in de handel zijn en kunnen verwilderen. Herkomst Zowel hoog pampagras (Cortaderia jubata) als pampagras (Cortaderia selloana) zijn afkomstig uit Zuid Amerika. Pampagras is afkomstig uit de gematigde klimaatzones van Chili, Argentinië, Brazilië en Uruguay waar het voorkomt tot op hoogten van 1.900 meter boven zeeniveau. Het oorspronkelijk verspreidingsgebied van hoog pampagras ligt dichter bij de evenaar en omvat de alpine- tot subalpine zone (2.800-3.400 meter boven zeeniveau) van het Andesgebergte in Noord-Argentinië, Ecuador, Bolivia en Peru. Verspreiding en invasiviteit Hoog pampagras en pampagras zijn vanwege hun decoratieve waarde geïntroduceerd in Noord-Amerika, Zuid-Afrika, Australië en Nieuw-Zeeland. In deze landen zijn beide soorten nu beruchte invasieve exoten. De planten kunnen zich met hun lichte zaden over grote afstanden verspreiden en éénmaal gevestigd, verdringen ze de oorspronkelijke vegetatie. De grote hoeveelheden geproduceerd dood organisch materiaal verhoogt de brandgevoeligheid van de vegetaties waarin ze groeien. Hoog pampagras (Cortaderia jubata) in Nieuw-Zeeland (habitus).
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Cortaderia Selloana
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A Thesis Submitted to the College of Graduate Studies and Research In
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