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Cortaderia Selloana Cortaderia selloana (Pampas grass, Silver pampas grass, Uruguayan Answer Score pampas grass) 1.01 Is the species highly domesticated? n 0 1.02 Has the species become naturalised where grown? 1.03 Does the species have weedy races? 2.01 Species suited to FL climates (USDA hardiness zones; 0-low, 1-intermediate, 2- 2 high) 2.02 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) 2 2.03 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y 1 2.04 Native or naturalized in regions with an average of 11-60 inches of annual y 1 precipitation 2.05 Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural y range? 3.01 Naturalized beyond native range y 2 3.02 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed y 2 3.03 Weed of agriculture y 4 3.04 Environmental weed y 4 3.05 Congeneric weed y 2 4.01 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y 1 4.02 Allelopathic n 0 4.03 Parasitic n 0 4.04 Unpalatable to grazing animals n -1 4.05 Toxic to animals n 0 4.06 Host for recognised pests and pathogens n 0 4.07 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y 1 4.08 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems y 1 4.09 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle y 1 4.10 Grows on infertile soils (oligotrophic, limerock, or excessively draining soils). n 0 North & Central Zones: infertile soils; South Zone: shallow limerock or Histisols. 4.11 Climbing or smothering growth habit y 1 4.12 Forms dense thickets y 1 5.01 Aquatic n 0 5.02 Grass y 1 5.03 Nitrogen fixing woody plant n 0 5.04 Geophyte n 0 6.01 Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat n 0 6.02 Produces viable seed y 1 6.03 Hybridizes naturally ? 6.04 Self-compatible or apomictic n -1 6.05 Requires specialist pollinators n 0 6.06 Reproduction by vegetative propagation y 1 6.07 Minimum generative time (years) 2 0 7.01 Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily y 1 trafficked areas) 7.02 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y 1 7.03 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant y 1 7.04 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal y 1 7.05 Propagules water dispersed y 1 7.06 Propagules bird dispersed n -1 7.07 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) y 1 7.08 Propagules dispersed by other animals (internally) n -1 8.01 Prolific seed production y 1 8.02 Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr) n -1 8.03 Well controlled by herbicides y -1 8.04 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation or cultivation y 1 8.05 Effective natural enemies present in U.S. Total Score 27 Implemented Pacific Second Screening No Risk Assessment Results Reject Reference Source data 1.01 Cultivated, but no evidence of selection for reduced weediness. 1.02 Skip to 2.01 1.03 Skip to 2.01 2.01 1. PERAL NAPPFAST Global Plant Hardiness 1. Global plant hardiness zones 9-11. 2. Distributional (http://www.nappfast.org/plant_hardiness/NAPPFAST%20 range: Native: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, Uruguay. Global%20zones/10- 3. Native range: South America. 4. Origin: S America (Brazil, year%20climate/PLANT_HARDINESS_10YR%20lgnd.tif). (25 Argentina & Chile). 5. Geographic Distribution: Southen November 2008) 2. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources America: Tropical Caribbean, Chile, Argentina. 6. Native Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - habitat - South America. (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL: http://www.ars- grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxgenform.pl?language=en. (25 November 2008). 3. Pacific Island Ecosystem at Risk (PIER) URL: http://www.hear.org/pier/species/cortaderia_selloana.htm . (25 November 2008). 4. Henderson, L (2001) Alien Weeds and Invasive Plants; p.12 5. Weber, E (2003) Invasive Plant Species of the World; p.120. 6. Dehgan, B (1998) Landscape Plants for Subtropical Climates; p. 189. 2.02 Native range is well known; refer to source data from 2.01. 2.03 1. Köppen-Geiger climate map (http://www.hydrol-earth- 1. Distribution in the native and cultivated ranges is syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.pdf). 2. widespread and occurs in more than 3 climatic groups. 2. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Distributional range: Native: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) Paraguay, Uruguay. 3. Native range: South America. 4. [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Origin: S America (Brazil, Argentina & Chile). 5. Geographic Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL: http://www.ars- Distribution: Southen America: Tropical Caribbean, Chile, grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxgenform.pl?language=en. Argentina. 6. Hardiness zone - Zone 5, grows in all regions (25 November 2008). 3. Pacific Island Ecosystem at Risk of Florida. 7. Can tolerate winter frost; it also tolerates (PIER) URL: warmer summer temperatures, more intense sunlight, and http://www.hear.org/pier/species/cortaderia_selloana.htm moderate drought. 8. Most Cortaderia spp. tolerate short- . (25 November 2008). 4. Henderson, L (2001) Alien Weeds lived frosts -7°C/20°F, C. selloana occasional lows to - and Invasive Plants; p.12 5. Weber, E (2003) Invasive Plant 15°C/5°F, where winters are not excessively wet. Species of the World; p.120. 6. Dehgan, B (1998) Landscape Plants for Subtropical Climates; p. 189. 7. California Invasive Plant Council (Accessed 12/04/08) http://www.cal- ipc.org/ip/management/ipcw/pages/detailreport.cfm@user number=35&surveynumber=182.php. 8. Huxley, A. & Griffiths, M. (1992) The New Royal Horticultural Society Dictionary of Gardening. 2.04 1. Csurhes, S. & Edwards, R. (1998) Potential environmental 1. Has naturalized in several vegetation communities weeds in Australia: Candidate species for preventative including riparian areas, wetlands… 2. It prefers moist control. Canberra, Australia. Biodiversity Group, areas. 3. Invades: riverbanks, seasonally wet habitats. Environment Australia; Swarbrick, J.R. and D.B. Skarratt (1994) The Bushweed 2 Data Base of Environmental Weeds in Australia. The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia 2. Csurhes, S. & Edwards, R. (1998) Potential environmental weeds in Australia: Candidate species for preventative control. Canberra, Australia. Biodiversity Group, Environment Australia; Harradine, A (1991) The impact of pampas grass as weeds in southern Australia. Plant Protection Quarterly. 6: 111-115. 3. Henderson, L. (2001) Alien Weeds and Invasive Plants: a complete guide to declared weeds and invaders in South Africa, including another 36 species invasive in that region. 2.05 1. May, M et al (2003) Practical Guidebook for the 1. Has been used to control erosion in serpentine soils. 2. Identification and Control of Invasive Aquatic and Wetland Flowers used in dry arrangements; pampas grass plumes Plants in the San Francisco Bay-Delta Region, p.42-45; are grown commercially for this purpose in California, Danielsen et al. (2003) Vegetation Management Almanac where it has become a weed. 3. Much of the coastal for the East Bay Hills. 2. Dehgan, B. (1998) Landscape habitat appears to be saturated with infestations, but the Plants for Subtropical Climates. 3. California Invasive Plant total acreage in the state (CA) is probably still increasing. Council (Accessed 12/04/08) http://www.cal- Also colonizing naturally occuring landslides. Also invading ipc.org/ip/inventory/PAF/Cortaderia%20selloana.pdf. 4. Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. 4. Considerer Stopping the Silent Invasion (Accessed 12/04/08) very invasive and is on the Hawaii State Noxious Weed List. http://www.hawaiiinvasivespecies.org/pests/pampasgrass. Designated as one of Hawaii's Most Invasive Horticultural html. 5. ISSG Database (Accesses 11/12/2008) Plants. Serious pests in California and New Zealand. 5. http://www.issg.org/database/welcome/. Ideal for barrier and windbreak plantings. 3.01 1. Weber, E (2003) Invasive Plant Species of the World. 2. 1. Geographic distribution: Invasive in natural areas and not Howell, C and NZ Plant Conservation Network (2005) NZ native in Australia, New Zealand, western USA, and adventive vascular plant list. 3. May, M et al (2003) southern Europe; Introduced (e.g. not native to the area Practical Guidebook for the Identification and Control of but not invasive in natural areas, soley a weed of Invasive Aquatic and Wetland Plants in the San Francisco agrosystems, status as beign invasive, or unknown) in Bay-Delta Region; p.42-45. British Isles, southern Africa, and the Atlantic Islands of Canary and Madeira. 2. Fully naturalized. 3. ...now found all over Bay and Delta region in disturbed sites and broad variety of habitats. 3.02 1. California Invasive Plant Council (Accessed 12/04/08) 1. Often found in disturbed areas, including roadsides, http://www.cal- logged forests, and railroad tracks. 2. …in particular, ipc.org/ip/inventory/PAF/Cortaderia%20selloana.pdf. 2. disturbed areas associated with roads, pipeline cuts and ISSG Database (Accesses 11/12/2008) walking trails in forest areas and waste places. http://www.issg.org/database/welcome/. 3.03 1. Domenech, R. et al. (2006) Neighbourhood association of 1. Cortaderia selloana is invading abandoned agricultural Cortaderia selloana invasion, soil properties and plant lands close to coastal human settlements in Catalonia (NE community structure in Mediterranean coastal grasslands. Spain). ACTA Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology, 29(2); 171-177. 3.04 1. May, M et al (2003) Practical Guidebook for the 1. Can form dense stands that exclude other plants. Dense Identification and Control of Invasive Aquatic and Wetland colonies can be fire hazards. 2.a. The vigorous growth and Plants in the San Francisco Bay-Delta Region; p.42-45. 2. the large tussocks make it a strong competitor to Weber, E (2003) Invasisve Plant Species of the World, indigenous species.
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