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Chromosomes of Australian Lygosomine Skinks (Lacertilia: Scincidae) II

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Chromosomes of Australian Lygosomine Skinks (Lacertilia: Scincidae) II Genrtic~a 83: 223-234, 1991, 0 I99 1 K~IIIW Acadwic Publishm. Prinled in the Netherlands. 223 Chromosomes of Australian lygosomine skinks (Lacertilia: Scincidae) II. The genus Lampropholis S. C. Donnellan School of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2113, Australia Present adress: Evolutionary Biology Unit, South Australian Museum, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia Received 28 June 1990 Accepted in revised form 11 December 1990 Abstract Standard and C-banded karyotypes of 101 specimens of the skink genus Lampropholis, including all but one of the 10 described species, were examined to assess the value of karyotypic data for resolving current systematic problems with Lampropholis. Diploid chromosome numbers were mostly 30 except for two forms with 28 chromosomes due to a reduction in the number of microchromosomes. The majority of interspecific chromosome changes were due to pericentric rearrangements. Apart from karyotypes referable to the described species, four distinct karyomorphs were found. Individuals possessing these karyomorphs could not be readily assigned to any of the described species. Introduction The lack of resolution in systematics of Lampro- pho/is is due in part to the paucity of phylogenetically Greer (1979) divided the Australian members of the informative morphological characters. Karyotypic scincid lizard subfamily Lygosominae into three analyses have been found to be useful in reptiles for groups: the Egernia, Eugongylus and Sphenomorphus delineating species and for interpreting relationships groups. Lampropholis Fitzinger, a genus included in at higher taxonomic levels (Gorman, 1973; King & the Eugongylus group, has had a chequered systematic King, 1975; Bickham, 1983; King, 1983a). The present history. The genus typifies the ‘intractable small study was undertaken to assess the value of karyotypic brown skinks’ that have troubled systematists since data for investigating the systematics of Lampropholis. Boulenger’s time late last century. Greer (1974) ressur- ected Lampropholis from the synonymy of Leiolopisma Dumeril and Bibron to accomodate the type species L. Materials and methods guichenoti (Dumeril and Bibron) and three other species previously residing in Leiolopisma: L. challeng- Table 1 lists the 101 specimens of Lampropholis eri (Boulenger), L. delicata (De Vis) and L. mustelina studied, their geographic origins, and the chromo- (O’Shaughnessy). A further six species have been some analysis applied to each. Of the 10 described described recently (Greer & Kluge, 1980; Ingram & species, only L. tetradactyla was unavailable for study. Rawlinson, 1981), but documentation of species di- Specimens were deposited with the Australian, versity is still inadequate with several forms awaiting Queensland and South Australian Museums or re- taxonomic appraisal (Mather, 1990). tained by the original collectors as listed in Appendix The relationships of the species constituting Lam- 1. propholis remain unresolved. Greer and Kluge (1980) Karyotypes were prepared from heart and lung recognised the challengeri and delicata groups within fibroblasts cultured in Hams FlO medium supple- Lampropholis. Subesquently Ingram and Rawlinson mented with 20% foetal calf serum. Heart and lung (1981) were unable to assign with certainty L. caligula tissue was explanted onto coverslips in Leighton to either group. tubes. Outgrowths of fibroblasts derived from tissue 224 Table I. Specimens of Lampropholis examined. S= Standard Species Male Fe- Locality karyotype. C= C-band karyotype, Qld = Queensland, N.S.W. male =New South Wales. Superscripts l-7 indicate the presence of s cs c chromosomal variants as follows I: 2 individuals heterozygous for pericentric rearrangements of pair 8 (het.peri.8). 2: 1 individual L.guichenoti - I near Glare, S.A. heterozygous for heterochromatin addition (het. add.) to pair 9 1 I 2 2 Pymble, N.S.W. and I heterozygote for het.peri.8. 3: I heterozygote for Robertso- nian rearrangement of pair I or 2 and I heterozygote for het. add. L.mirabilis - I Cape Cleveland, Qld. to 9.41 I heterozygote for het. add. to 9 and IO. 5: I homozygote for peri. 8. I heterozygote for het. add. to 9. 6: I heterozygote for het. L.mustelina - I Greenwich, N.S.W. peri. 6. 7: I het.peri. 6. 1 Bellevue Hill, N.S.W. I I - Wentworth Falls. N.S.W. Species Male Fe- Locality I near Barry, N.S.W. male s cs c L.sp. A I Kuranda, Qld. 5 I - Charmillan Ck.. Qld. L.amicuia I - Mogill S.F., Qld. 1 - Rainbow Beach., Qld. L. sp. B I 3 Mt. Bartle Frere, Qld. L. basiliscus I I 1 I Charmillan Ck., Qld. L. sp. c 2 - Connondale Range, Qld. 2 - Granite Ck., Qld. L. caligula - 1 I Barrington Tops, N.S.W. I - Bulburin S.F., Qld. 3 3 I I Crediton Ck., Qld. L.challengeri I I 1 I Randwick, N.S.W. I 1 Neutral Bay, N.S.W. L. sp. D I I I I Mt. Glorious, Qld. I Bellevue Hill, N.S.W. I 2 Mt. Nebo, Qld. I I - near Brinerville. N.S.W. I - Mt. Warning, N.S.W. I I Alstonville, N.S.W. I I I Mt. Glorious, Qld. pieces were harvested in situ on the coverslips. Three L.czechurai 2 I - Charmillan Ck., Qld. replicate cultures were initiated on each specimen. I - Millaa, Millaa, Qld. Cultures of most species grew adequately at 3O”C, L.delicata 2 2 Lauceston, Tasmania except those of L. challengeri, L. basiliscus and L. I Marble Range, S.A. czechurai which grew successfully only at 24°C. I near Port Lincoln, S.A. Meiotic preparations were made following the I I 25km N. Avenue, S.A. I I Eltham, Victoria technique of Gorman et al. (1967), excepting that I I - Bondi S.F., N.S.W. hypotonic treatment was for 25 minutes in 0.53% KCl. I 2’ near Nowra, N.S.W. Cells were harvested according to the procedure of I - Coogee, N.S.W. Donnellan (1990). Preparations were stained with 2 I 1: Pymble, N.S.W. I I - Neutral Bay, N.S.W. 10% Giemsa for two minutes. The C-banding method 2 3’ Watagan S.F., N.S.W. of Sumner (1972) was employed. I - Doyalson, N.S.W. 2 - Myall Lakes, N.S.W. I - Werrikimbe N.P., N.S.W. I Carrai S.F., N.S.W. Results 2 24 near Brinerville, N.S.W. I - Cambridge Plateau. N.S.W. 3 2 2 2’ Wiangarie SF., N.S.W. Diploid numbers were either 30 or 28 (Table 2) with 3 - Scarborough, Qld. nine macrochromosome pairs @airs one-nine) and Ih Connondale Range, Qld. either five or six pairs of microchromosomes. One I I I I’ Bunya Mtns., Qld. 2 - Granite Ck., Qld. individual of L. delicata had 29 chromosomes due to a 1 I Rockhampton. Qld. Robertsonian rearrangement among the macrochro- I Byfield, Qld. mosomes (see below). With the exception of this 2 - Mt. Morgan, Qld. individual the six largest pairs of chromosomes were invariant with the first five being metacentric and the Table 2. Summary of karyotypic variation in Lampropholis. Only distinct karyotypes could not be assigned readily to the chromosome pairs showing variation are presented. M: any described species and herein are assigned pro- metacentric, SM: submetacentric. A: acrocentric, T: telocentric. visionally to the taxa Lampropholis sp. A to D. Chromosome pair Lampropholis basiliscus Ingram and Rawlinson. 2n=30 Pairs six and seven were submetacentric, pair eight basiliscus acrocentric, and pair nine and the largest pair of an~icula microchromosomes were telocentric (Fig. 1). The caligula remaining pairs of microchromosomes were either challengeri czrchurai acrocentric or telocentric. The fourth pair of macro- delicata chromosomes and two pairs of microchromosomes pichenoti had prominent, centromeric C-bands (Fig. 5a). There tnirabilis mustelina were 'grey' telomeric C-bands on the long arm of one sp. A of the two largest macrochromosomes. sp. B sp. C Lampropholis amicula Ingram and Rawlinson. 2n=30 sp. D The standard karyotype of L. amicula differed from that of L. basiliscus in having an acrocentric pair seven, sixth submetacentric. Variation was confined to the metacentric pairs nine and ten, and in the largest remaining chromosomes (Table 2) and is detailed microchromosome pair being metacentric (Fig. 2a). along with the C-banding pattern of the whole There was insufficient material for C-banding. karyotype in the individual accounts which follow. For comparative purposes the karyotype of each Lampropholis caligula Ingram and Rawlinson. 2n=30 species is compared to that of L. basiliscus (Fig. l), The standard karyotype can be distinguished from which has the karyotype with the commonest mor- that of L. basilicus by the telocentric pair eight and by phology for the variable chromosome pairs. the largest microchromosome pair being metacentric In addition to the karyotypes of the described (Fig. 2b). C-bands (not illustrated), were minimal and species of Lampropholis, populations with four distinct confined to the centromeres. karyomorphs were found. Individuals with these Lampropholis challengeri ( Boulenger). 2n=30 The karyotype differed from that of L. basiliscus by having an acrocentric pair nine (Fig. 2c). Centromeric C-bands were minimal but telomeric C-bands were present on all members of the complement (Fig. 5b). Lampropholis czechurai Ingram and Rawlinson. 2n=30 In three male specimens from two localities, pair seven was heterozygous for a pericentric rearrangement (Fig. 2d). Apart from pair seven, this species differed from L. basiliscus in having an acrocentric pair nine. There were prominent centromeric C-bands in this species (Fig. 5c). The first four pairs had telomeric C-bands. C-bands on the heteromorphic seven pair were confined to the centromere and appeared tq be equal in intensity. Fig. I. Standard karyotype of female Lampropholis basiliscus from Charpillan Ck.. Queensland (Qld) The bar indicates IOfim. 226 Fig. 2. Partial standard karyotype of some Lampropholis. (a) male L. amicula from Mogill State Forest (S.F.) Qld.; - (b) female L.
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