Vol. 8, No.3· 4, September. December, 1994 145

Taxonomic synopsis of the Old War Id asopine genera (Heteroptera. Pentatomidae)

Donald B. Thomas USDA-ARSSubtropical AgriCUlture Research Laboratory 2301 S International Boulevard Weslaco, I exas 78596

Abstract The subfamily Asopinae ofthe stinkbug family Pentatomidae is revised for the Old World with a key to the genera and a review ofthe species with nomenclatural changes. The genus Tahitoc01is is removed from the Asopinae and placedtentativelywith the Podopinae. The genus Breddiniellais reducedto a synonym ofCazira. The genus Indtatus is reduced to a synonym oU,,{artinina. The genus Platynopus is divided into three genera by the restriction of Platynopus to include only five Indo- Pacific species; the elevation of the subgenus A/entre ~ieFiellustethe leveleffullgenus, andthe el'eetieneranewgenus Platynepiellusfol' the Afl'iean speeies formerly placedin Platynopus. AnewgenusAustralojallaiserectedfor Jalla versicolor. ThegeneraCantheconidea and &oontheeona aPe defined and their Pespecti'le species aligned in oonoordance with theil' definitiens. Fourteen species are thus transferred from Cantheconidea to Eocanthecona creating the following new combinations' Eooonth€Conajapanicola, Kooonthewna binotata, Eooonthecona latipes, &canthecona mitis, Eocanthecona neotibialis, Eocanthecona ornatula, Eocanthecona parva, Eocanthecona plebeja, Eocanthecona robusta, Eacanthecona ru!escens, Eacanthecona shikoklumsis, Eacanthecona thomsoni, Eacanthewna tibialis, and Eocanthecona vollenhoveni. Eocanthecona migratoriais transferred to the genus Alriuscreating the new combInatIOn A/nus m!gratonus. Also, Canthecona populus! IS transferred to EOcanthecona gIVIng the new combination Eocantheconapopulusi Ana.qida ikramiis transferred to the genus Eseudanasidagiving the new combInation Pseudanasida!kram!. A/nusdlScolOrglypso!des IS placed In synonymyunder Cantlieconad!scolOr. Asopu.q rulu.q is synonymized under Amyot-ea malabarica Arma neocu.qta and Arma neoinsperata are synony- mized under Armacustos.

KEY WORDS: Pentatomidae, Stinkbugs, Asopinae.

Introduction in Florida by the USDA, as a predator of harmful lepidopterous larvae, but the species apparently ~e sU~f~mil~ As~inae ~f the H~teropteran fam\/Pen a omi aeas as its defmmg synapo- faIled to establish (HBnry & F'roBschner 1988). morphy a crassatB rostrum, which is an adaptation Biological studies ofthese predators have been for predation on other insects (Gapud 1991). The hampered by the lack of a means £Or their identi­ Asopinae are alsocharacterized by thecombination fication. I have recently publishedkeys for deterIlli· nation of the New World genera and species (Tho- of arandria enital..lates with a thecalshield. in e eel. n e Ie fication oftheOldWorld species outside ofthe more ;~~~::::~~&~; ~~~:~::~~~~:'~~~t~~~~~a~~~: develOf)edcountries Of Europe and Asia. For a lack predilections, with some economic pests included of adequate study material, I can only partially remedy this situation. I have been able to study amon~their;re~, several species ofaso~ines are of acknu ledg d ~npOltance as biologi al contIOl representatives of all of the Old World genera, 7ric~ bioc~latu:~ includingthe majorityofthedescribedspecies. I am <:;nts A!? 8fceciei Pe;lus thus able to provide diagnoses and keys lor the Old World genera, with an annotated list of the de- Potato Beetle (Jasic 1975). A southeast Asian spe­ scribed species, andhopefully this will spur generic cies, Eocantheconafurcellata (\Volfl) , was released level revisionary studies by regional experts in the future. 146 Insecta Mundi

The one available taxonomic work on this sub­ 3. Incitatas Distant ldm tininaSchouteden, NE\V family ofinsects is the review ofthe asopine genera SYNONYMY publishedearlym thIS centurybyHenriSchouteden Schouteden's monograph mcluded the deSCrip­ (1907b). Schouteden recognized 40 asopine genera tion of a monotypic genus from Tibet which he m the OldWorldfauna, ofwhich two areconsidered named Martinia Schouteden, later emended to synonyms by the present study. The following no lJartinina. A few months later 'llilliam L. Distant menclatural changes are enumerated. (1908) published a description of a genus, from India, naming it Incitatus. Presumably, the two 1 Gordonerius Distant Perillus (Herrich- authors were unaware of each others specimens Schaeffer).- and pendmg deSCriptIOns. The publIshed dIagnoses Gordonerius Distant 'Nas based on a do not indicate any meaningful difference bet'.'/een misidentifiedspecimenofa Mexican species, Perillus these and I consider them to be synonymous at the conflaens fflellich-Schaeffel). Thespecimen bOle a genelic level. I was able to examine the female type label, "Abyss" which was interpreted by Francis specimen of lncitatusprimwi Distant in the Brit.ish Walker (186'7) to mdicate AbyssmIa (-EthIOpIa) Museum. However, my requests to borrow (Thomas 1992). And, while the genus Perillus St:U Schouteden material from the Musee Royal du did not occur naturally in the Old World, it does Congo BeIge have not met with success. The de­ now because of its introduction into eastern Eu- sCliptions do indicate a diffelence in the length of rope, and I have therefore included this genus in the ruga attending the scent gland orifice which the key and text whICh follows. would support the presumptIon thatthe speCImens might represent different species I therefore reI- 2. Bredd£nlella Schouteden - Caz£ra Amyot & egatelnc£tatus to the synonymyofMartmmawhIle Serville, NEW SYNONYMY. ..vithholdingjudgementon the status ofthe species. The genus Breddiniella Schouteden, was elected to hold a single species, B. insignis 4. Aastlulo;ullu Thomas, a new genus for Julloides Schouteden. Schouteden (1907b) used the name versicolor Distant. Breddmwlla m the text of hIS reVISIon, but 10 an Schouteden (1907b) erectedthe genusJallO£des uncommon lapse, used the name Paracazira Schouteden to hold an fillstralian species that had Schouteden for the same insect in his key to the been described by Stat (1870) as Jalla rubricosa genela. 81 eddiniella and PUt acazim ale among a SUl.l. Subsequently, Distant (1911) described two plethora of names including Acicazira Hsiao & additionalspecies, alsofrom Australia. Oneofthese, Zheng, Teratocazlra Breddin and Metacazira however, JdllOides l,lersicoZor Distant, diffilrs sub- Schouteden, dQrivQd from thQ oldQr genus name stantiallyin morphologicalcharacterfrom theother Caz£ra Amyot & Serville. I can find nojustification two, and I am compelled to separate it as a new for the continued segregation of these nominal genus, Australo';allaThomas, which is desclibedin entities from the more inclusive taxon Cazira. The the text that follows. authors of these names were evidently impressed by the substantial, but largely superficial differ- 5. Cantheconidea Schouteden and Eocanthecona ences in thQSQ taxa from the type species for the Bergroth, defined. genus, Gazira verrucosa i\myot & Serville. The Subsequent to the publication of Schouteden's individualspecies are quitevariable with respect to revision, several changes in generic nomenclature the fmm and number of gibbosities, spines and appeared Schouteden's genus Cantheconidea was excresences protruding from their pronota, legs divided by him into two species groups: A, con­ and abdomInal margins. Basedon thQ examination tainingthetypespecies G.javana(DaIlas), 'Nith the ofapproximately twenty specificrepresentativesof metasternum modified to embrace the rostrum; this genus, I am not able to recognize patterns of and B, species without this modification. Ewald relationship as the cause of the variation in these BelglOtli (1915) fOlmally plOposed EocUttthecona characters. Metacazira and Teratocazira were con­ for species group B. However, otherthan Bergroth's sidered hy SchouWen (19mb) to be subgenera of designatiOn of E fitrcellata Wolff as the type lOpe- Cazira. Acicazira was reduced to synonymy under cies ofEocanthecona and Schouteden's selection of Cazira by Zheng & biu (1987b), a referral with C. javana as the type of Cantheconidea, neither which I am obviously in accord and to which I author indicated which species of Cantheconidea nominate Breddiniella as well. constituted group B, and which would therefore be Vol. 8, No.3 - 4, September - December, 1994 147 transferred to Eocanthecona Bergroth. While I cannotvouchfor thereliabilityofallspeciesdetermi- 8. Platynopus Amyot & Serville restricted. nations in theabsence ofa revisionarystudy, I have In the course of his dissertation work, which seen identified material representing all but a few was a phylogenetic (cladistic) analysis of the aso- of the described speCIes. Based on the studIed pme genera, VICtor Gapud (1975) exammed and material and relying on the original deseriptions determined a great deal of mounted material. I for the others I can place six species in have run across much of this material in my own Cantheconidea, and 21 in Eocanthecona using the studies and have noted his use of a manuscript defining character of the metasternum Bergroth genus name for certain African asopines formerly mdICated m the same publIcation that one speCieS, IdentifIedm thegenusPlatynopusAmyot & Servine. Cantheconicka chrJ'soptcrus (Herrich-Schaeffer) In anticipationoftheeventualpublicationofGapud's from Guam, could not be placed m eIther genus. cladIstIc studIes, and in order to avoid the pub­ Herbert Ruekes (1960) subsequently provided a lished appearanee of eonflicting names, I ha.e new genus name Bulbostethus Ruckes to hold this elected to use his name, Platynopiellus for the species. Ruckes (1963) lateI desclibed anotheI new Mtican membels of the genus. In fact, I have genus Pouapeaforan unusuallylong-legged asopine determined that. the name Platynopus should be from the south PacifIC Carohne Islands. restricted to a few southeast ASIan speCIes. The Australian and south Pacifie speeies properly be 6. Tahitocoris Yang, excluded from Asopinae. long toa separatetaxon Montrouzieriellus Kirkaldy, Anothel unusual south PacifIc stinkbug was which I consider to be a distinct and valid genus. described from t.he island of Tahit.i by We Yang (1935) as Tah£tocons cheesmanae 'Yang. 'Yang de­ WIth the accumulation of nomenclatural and scribed this insect as representing a new family of revisionary changes since the publication ofSchou HemIptera. MIller (1971) placed it m the ASopinae, teden's (1907b) monograph, along with the addi­ apparentlyonthebasisofitshavingtheoralbueeulae tions and deletions proposed herein, the Old World united posteriorly. Kirkaldy (1909a) had cited this component ofthe Asopinae is now comprised of43 characterasa unifyingfeatureoftheasopines. How­ recognizable genera and 187 nominate species. ever, as I pointed out in my earlier monograph, the bucculae are uDlted m many edessmes and even an Materials oeeassional pentatomine. On examining Yang's fe The speeimensOfasopines that'Nere thebasisfor male type specimen I found that the rostrum is not this stud~ were made available b~numerousindi- crassate, and thatthe insectis thereforenot assign- viduals t whom I am deeply inde ted. Those i~ldi- atIc, t e more so ecause t e east IS apterous an University ofCalifornia, Berkeley; W.C. Chamber­ laeksocelli. Mtereonferring,....ith mycolleagueWill lain, Rerrville, 'IX; J. Deckert, Museum Natuikunde iam R. Dolling, and largely at his suggestion, I Humboldt Universitat, Berlin; W.R Dolling, Brit- plOpose the tIansfeI ofthe genus Tahitocotis, tlibe ish Museum NatuIal IIistory, J.E. EgeI, Dow­ Tahitocorini, to the subfamily Podopinae. Ithas the Elanco Cor oration Tam a' RC. Froeschner ni e a es a iona useum, a ura is ry, Miller (1971) provides a figure ofthis unusualbug. Washington DC; CL Hogue, Los Angeles COlmty Museum of Natural History; T.H. Henry, USDA- 7. Parastrachia Distant is not an asopine. ARS Systematic Entomology Laboratory , 'Nashing­ The Asian genus Parastrachia Distant was ton D.C.; P. Lindsko~ Swedish Museum Natural originalJy placed in t.he Asopinae, but. was t.rans- History, Stockholm,.K Newton, Field Museum ferred to the Cydnidae by Schaefer et al. (1988). I Natural History, Chicago; ND Penney, California mentIOn thIS genus only because one of the coau­ Academy ofSciences, San Franciso; J.E. Rawlins, thors ofthe latterpaper (Dolling) has mentioned to Carnegie Museum Natural History, Pittsburgh; methathehasstrongreservations about thepresent D.A. Rider, North Dakota State UniverSit;, Far~o; anangement. In an unpublisheddissertatioll, Vic- hI!. Rolston, Louisiana State Universit ,Ba n tor Gapud (1975) suggested that Parastrachia be­ Rouge; RT. Schuh American Mu~um Nat~al examined'speei~ lOnged in the TJrostylidae Having Hiswry, New York; M.D. Schwartz, anadIan a- mensofParastrachiaI canonlyreaffirm thatitis not anasopine. 148 Insecta Mundi tionalCollectionofInsects, Arachnids & Nematodes, Humeral angles obtuse orprominentbutnotlater Ottawa. ally produced 12 I am especially gratefulto Larry Rolston, Dave Rider, JoeEger, Tom Henry, CarlSchaefer, George 11. Exocorium pale, calloused .. Andrallus Bergroth Byers and Bill DolIirig for aSSIstance 10 acqUIr10g Exooorium oonoolorous with rest of corium ...... Picromerus (pars) copies ofthe historic literature pertinent to the Old World Pentatomidae. Special thanks are due Mrs. 12 Dorsum with pale median stripe and large pale Amy Rubink fOI tIanslations ofarticles in Chinese spots at basal angles of scutellum. JaZla Hahn script Dorsum uniformly black ...... Pseudanas~da Schouteden Key te the Old VVorld asepine genera 13. Frenal margm of scutellum much shorter than post-frenal portion of scutellum (Fig. 31) ...... 1...... Blachia Walker

prono u e e 0 as i a portion of scutellum 14 juga (fig. 34) 2 Eyes proximal to anterior border ofthe pronotUlll, 14. Basal abdominal tubercle bifid or sulcate (fig. 6) . Glypsus Dallas Basal abdominal tubercle simple (figs. 4-5) ..... 15 2. Profemora bearing a distinct spine subapically 15. (figs. 2-3) 3 Profemora unarmed Stilbotes StM Basal abdominal spine not reaching mesocoxae (fig. 4) 18 3. Head as long as pronotum, juga not dilate ...... 4 Head not as long as pronotum, juga notably dilate 16. Basal abdominal spine just roaehing mesoeoxae; ...... Leptolobus Signoret protibiae foliate ..... Platynopiellus New Genus Basal abdominal spine clearly exceeding 4. Protibiae dilate (fig. 2) Cecyrina Walker mesoeoxae; protibiae modestly dilate 17 Protibiae not dilate (fig. 3) ...... Ponapea Ruekes 17 5. Profemora with anteapiGal tubercle or spine (of mott e brown speCies... acror p ~s a as ten minute in Andrallus) (figs. 2-3) 6 ~ine tere~hmet~lic Profemora unarmed 30 Abdominal not comp;:sed,

6. Base of scutellum With conspICUOUS, glbboSlty(S), 18. Juga longer than tylus and meeting in front (fig. ~Jber~es or spines (fig 15) Amyot & Cazira 38) PinthaelM StAI ervi e Jugae little longer than tylus and not convex. 19 Scutellum without conspicuous excresences .. 7 19. Fourth rostral segment much longer than third 7. Abdominal venter without free basal sJline or .. Austmlgialla New Genus tubercle, though there may be a basaipromi- Fourth rostral segment about equal in length to fiefice (fig IE) 8 third 20 Abdominal venter with a forwardly directed, free basal spine Ol tubercle (figs. 4-6) 13 20. Angle of last abdominal segment plOdueed, spi· nose or terminating in a distinct spinule (figs. 8. DOl sal COIOl led and black 9 16, 29) 21 Dorsal color somber, shades of black and brown Angle of last abdominal segment not produced or ...... 10 spinose 26 9. l.pical portion of scutellum about equal in width 21. All abdominal angles strongly produced as tu· to hemelytral corium Perillus StiU berGles Friarius Schouteden ApiGal portion of sGutelluffi much narrower in Only last 1 or 2 abdommal angles strongly pro- width than hemelytral corium . duced 22 ...... Jalloides SGhouteden

10. Humeral angles strongly produced 11 Vol. 8, No.3· 4, September· December, 1994 149

22. Metasternum with lateral margins strongl~ el· intospines, posterior angleofpronotum notpromi- evated and embracing apex ofrostrum in repose nently lobed(fig. 21) Parealda Schouteden ...... CantheeonideaSehouteden Metasternum not embracing apex of rostrum. 23 33. Base of abdominal venter with a distinct tubercle or spine 39 23. Anterolateral pronotal margin beaded, carinate Abdominal venter without a distinct tubercle or or denticulate 24 spine, though base may be prominent 34 Anterolateral prenotal margin obtuse, smooth ...... 25 34. Juga convergent and contiguous anterIOr to tylus (fig 28) Rhacognathl/8 Fieber 24. Anterolateral pronotal margm crenulate or den· Juga not convergent and contiguous anterIOr to ticulate (Asia) Eocanthecona Bergrotb tylus 35 Anterolateral pronotal margin smooth, carinate (fig. 44)(Africa) ...... Platynopiellus New Genus 35. Dorsal color metallic blue .. Zicrona Amyot & servIlle 25. Protibia foliate (fig. 2) .. Dorsal color neither metallic or blue 36 ...... Platynopus Amyot & Serville Protibia prismatic (fig. 3) . 36. Second rostral segment about as long as or longer ...... Montrouzieriellu8 Kirkaldy than two posterior segments combined ...... 30 Second rostral segment distinctl;y shorter than 26. Anterolateral pronotal margin obtuse, two posterior segments combined . semiealloused Plcmepsis Sehouteden ...... Cernlatulu8 Dallas Anterolateral pronotal margins distinctly crenate or dentate 27 37. Dorsum aposomatieally eolored red or orange and black Amyotea Ellenreider 27 Scent gland opening continuous with an elevated Dorsum somber eolors, brewn er blaek 38 ruga on metapleuron 28 SCent gland opening continuous with a sinuate 38 SCent gland orifice continuous laterally with flat, sulcus on metapleuron (fig. 61) .. elevated ruga (fig. 59); rostrum reaching base of ...... Hemalha Bergroth abdomen Arma Hahn &lent gland orifice continuous laterally with long, 28. Humeral angles prolonged laterally 29 narrow sulcus (fIg. 6/); rostrum reaching only to Humeral angles obtuse or prominent but not pro· mesocoxae Anasida Karsch longed laterally Alrius StAI 39. Abdominal spine short, not surpassing metacoxae 29. Head broad, interocular distance greater than (fig. 4) 42 combined width ofboth eyes; males lack glandu. Abdominal spine long, extending at leasi to lar patches of hairs on abdominal venter (Asia mesocoxae (fig. 5) 40 and Europe) Picromerus (pars) Head narrow, interocular distance less than com­ 40. Scent gland orifice prolonged into broad, flat ruga bined width ofboth eyes, males with glandular ...... 41 patches of hairs on abdominal venter (fig Scent gland orifice slit-like, not attended by ruga IB)(Afriea) ...... Ctmtheoona Amyot & Ser.ille (fig. 79) Oechalia 8tM

30. Metasternum elevated into a spherieal bulla ...... 41. Humeral angles of pronotum prolonged laterally ...... Bulbostethu8 Ruckes (fig. 16) HoploxY8 Dallas Metasternum not as above 31 Humeral angles efpronotum not prolonged later ally (fig. 27) Mecosoma Dallas 31 Meso- and metasternum bicarinate, carinae em- bracing rostrum 32 42. Jugalongerthan tylus and contiguous in front (fig. Meso· and metasternum not modifIed to embrace 37) Dlnorhynchus Jakovlev ro_rnm M Juga slightly longerthan tylus and never contigu ous In tront 43 32. Anterolateral margins of pronotum obtuse, witb. out marginal bead; connexlVal apICes spinose; 43. Dorsum metalliC, coppery blue or green . posterior angles of pronotum with prominent ...... Dorycori.s Mayr lobe (fig. 29) Ealda Walker Dorsum dull black or brown 44 Anterolateral margins ofpronotum with crenulate marginal bead; connexival apices not produced 150 Insecta Mundi

TitUS / / rr'r\ ~ JU\:JUM CRASSATE r- ROSTRUM...... [\

ANTERIO~•. __ ANTEROLATERAL

~ HUMERUS ({ l 1 "NUL<- - l\ \\ " .....u __ \ '\\ // I -KIONUM RUGA

\...\ \ /., / WIUUI'~~'[Jf/' -/

\ \/\ 7~ PILOSE GLANDS T 7 -----·~'v\\\-\y-+-----'~V-/Al~"f---"""""""'taNNfEHVl:II+------'O~F.""MA"-"LE'------'\.v=-,_ L-.-""'1-....1------

A B

FIGURE 1. Anatomy ofan asopine: A. Dorsal, B. Ventral. 44 Humeral angles ofpronotum produced into quad- ingslightly more than half-way to metapleuralmar­ rate lobe lviartinina Schouteden gm; not surrounded by evaporatormffi (fig 57) Angles of pronotum not produced laterally (fig. Metasternum subelevated, notched behind; base 40) Troilus St1l.l of abdomen with forwardly directed tubercle in apposition to notch of metasternum. Plofemora Afrius Stal with subapical spine; protibiae not dilate. Males (Figs. 18, 57) with or without pilOse glandular patches on ab- dominal venter. Cimex, subgenus Afrius Stlil 1870:44. Type-species, Asopus figuratus Germar ( yotofus). Remarks: The subgenus Subati ius Schouteden Afrius, subgenus Afrius: Schouteden 1907b:51. lacks the male abdominal patches, but is otherwise Afrius, subgenus Subaflius Schouteden 1907b.51. inseparable from the nominate subgenus There Type, Picromerus flavirostrum Signoret. are no keys to species of the genus Afrius. Accord­ ing to Lesten (1953a) Afrius yolo/us (Guerin Mene Diagnosis: Rostrum crassate, reachingmetacoxae; ville) is the commonest asopine in Mrica. However segmentIIlongest, segmentIVequaltoIII. Bucculae almost all references in the literature and determi­ trOmimmt. JuIa ang tylus equal or.juga sligr:tly nations On speeimens refer to synonyms figuratus onger. Antero atera pronotal margms crenu ate Germar and purpureus Westwood. Revisionary or dentate, sinuate in dOl sal \I iew; humeral apex studies are needed to verifY the validity Of the simple orweakly notched (fig. 18). Frenalmargin of nominal taxa. scutellum longer than post-frenal part Angle of I have seen a specimen in the British Museum connexival segment VI not produced. Orificial atural Histor identified as "A ius",', I'itarsis pentreme 0 scent g an roa, spatu ate, exten - Distant," and labeled "Type" and "Aldabra". No Vol. 8, No.3· 4, September. December, 1994 151

tainty attending the true mentity ofthespecimen, it's exotic geographicorigin, andthepaucityofmateria1 rorsLuuy. VVlLn tnOSeprOVlsosmmmUI am tranSler· / /\ .,;ncr r,,' . , .. ~. ,,~~~ .. ~ '// 3// Afrius, subgenus Subafrius. // List of .... //

\ ...•.....\ '\ fiTnus /louen Llcnouwoen HIll: HlU Ltlelglan congoJ.

( Distribution: Zaire, Kenya, Ethiopia, Uganda, l ......

References: Schouteden (1911) [description]; Gillon (1972) (characters, figure]

FIGURES 2-3. Forelegs. 2. Dilate tibia. 3. Prismatic tibia. Material examined: Zaire (1), Kenya (2), Uganda (1), Ethiopia (2). such species name was everpublished by Distant. I 2 Afrius marmoratus (Dallas) believe this specimen tobe thetype ofCantheconicka migratoria Distant, described from Aldabra in Canthecona marmorata Dallas 1851:90 [So. Africa]. Distant's (1913) monograph on theRhynchotaofthe Canthecona annulipes D~lIas :i15~'9~ Seycbelles Twas not able to find anyotherspecimen Cimex (Afrius) marmora us:~l 5;:46. corresponding to thelatternamein thecollection of Cimex (A~ius~ annuli~es: Stll.l 1870:46. the British Museum. The specimen fits the original Ai/ius'h, aim mtus. r., thIerry & Severin 1893:214. description ofC. migratoria, however, thedescription Afrius marmoratus: Schouteden 1907b:5L includedonly scant detail usefulfor discerning the generic placement of the species. I have restricted Distribution' South Milca. Cantheconidea to the South Pacific. Furthermore, Cantheconidea IS characterized by a remarkably References: Miller (1952) [characters]. developed sternal armature. Distant's lack ofcom- mentbeyond thecolor ofthe sternum reinforces my Material examined: The Holotype female of certainty thatthespecimen describedby Distantwas CanthecQna marmoratn. Dallas was located in the not a Cantheconidea. Ofcourse at the time Distant BM(NH). Also, South Mnca (I). wrote his description Cantheconidea had not been separated from Eocanthecona. Eocanthecona is an latter genus itwould be the smallestmember at 8-9 Afrius rubromarginatus Bergroth ] 903'289 [East mmaccordingtoDistant'sdescription. SinceDislant Africa] did remark thatC. migratoriawas theonly represen- Canthecona rubromarginata: Schouteden ]905'150 tativeoftheAsopinae known tooccurintheSeychelles, Afrius rubromarginatus: Schouteden 1907b:52. I am convinced that the specimen labeled "Afrius nigritarsis Distant," "Type," and, "Aldabra," is actu- Distribution:Mozambique, Botswana, Tanzania. ally the lost type of C. migrawria Distant. The specimen from Aldabrais markedlysimilartoAfrius Material examincd: Botswana (4). {lavirostrum, a Madagascan species, butIhesitateto synonymize Distant's name because of the uncer 152 Insecta Mundi

-

I\/ l /\\ J( "" I I~) If _\

4 5

FIGURES 4 6. Abdominal armature: 4. Basal spine short, 5. Basal spine long, 6. Basal spine bifureate.

4. AfriUsyoJOfus (Guerin-Menevilie) Subgenus SUbaftiUs Schouteden

Pentatoma yotofa Guerin-Mlmeville 1831. PI. 55, 5. Afrius f1avirostrum (Signoret) fig. 2. Westwood 1837:43 [Africa]. Pentatoma purpurea Picromerus {lavirostrum Signoret 1861:921 [Mada­ AS6pUS/iguffitUS Germar 1887:185. gassar). Asopus liguratus: Herrich-Schaeffer 1844: 113 Canthecona {lavirostra: Still 1865:68. Ganthecona eaerulea Dallas 1851:89. Cimex {lallirostra' StM 1870'44 Canthecona marginella Dallas 1851:89. Alrius {lavirostris: Lethierry & Severin 1893: 214. mi~1.te;:~s 1~53:213 gant::eona :i1l [Caffraria]. A,frill s (SlIba,frlll s) !lal'iro strll m' Schouteden 1907b:51. Cimex (Alrius) liguratus Still 1870:44. CImex (A!rl!lii) p"rp"re"s' Stili 18711'44 Distribution:Madagascar. Cimex liguratus: Distant 1892:248. A/fill..s ,igllratlLs' Lethierry & severin 1893'214 References: Cachan (l952) [description, figUIel. Alrius purplLreus: Lethierry & Severin 1893:214. Canthecona purpurea var. nglLrata: Schouteden Material examined· Madagascar(2) 1905:150. 6. Afrius mlgraforius Distant [NEW COMBINATION].

Distribution:Sudan,Liberia, Ghana, GuineaBissau, Cantheconidea miglUtolia Distant 1913.44 Tanzania, Cameroon, Benin, Ethiopia, Gambia, Si· [Aldabra]. erra Leone, Somaha, Zaire, Ivory Coast, NIgerIa, Angola, Senegal, Zimbabwe, SouthMriea. Distribution:SeychelleIslands.

References: Villiers (1952) [characters, distribu­ References: Distant (1913) [dQscrij)tiOn]. tion, figure]; Dupuis ]952 [synonymy]; I.eston ]953a [male gemtaha]; Le Pelley (1959) [prey]; Gillon Material examined: Type? in BM(NH), see re (1972) (charactQrs, immaturQs, figurQs]; Linnavouri marks above. (1975) [listed]; Nuamah(1982) [karyotype]; Linnavouri (1982) [habitat, distIibution]. 7. AfriUs wWiamsi Miller

Material examined: Ghana (3), Cameroon (2), All ius williamsi Miller 1952.183 [Mamitius]. Sudan (2), Nigeria (2), Guinea (1), Liberia (1). DIstributIOn: MaUritIUS.

References:Miller(1952) [description,figures, prey]. Vol. 8, No.3- 4, September - December, 1994 153

rm fTI ,.n,. ,.,...,..,. r!j\~ c b <' /) Q..D /~\ ( '\ / '\. ~ ~ ~ \ .( ""'- \\ If /' ~ A \ 7 \" 7 "- 71 \ \\ /II ( \ \ /I 1 r \\ /I / \ f I ~\-!J \\ U II V V , ,--' n , . ~ \ ',__._ •• / / .LV \ ~ J \ )I \I/ J y ...... , -, , \. / "--<../ ~ , -'

f1T\ rm .. J\ ,,'>-----....,/ / "" \\- --//' I 1\ \/ ~ // \\ II ~\\ II ,\ \ { I \ r \ (j A 1\ " A VV! \\ M '/ v;' V ,1 1/ y / "')y ;' / 0( :, j , JI \/ \/ "\ J

FIGIJRES7.14 Dorsal aspect? Stilbotes,8 Ceguina,9 Ponapea,1O Dorycoris,11 .4ustraUqjalla,12 Zicrona,13 Pselldanasida,14 BuTbostethus.

AMYOTEA Eller II eider rounded, not produced (fig. 45). Frenal margin of (Figs. 45, 54) scutellumlonger than post-frenalportion; scutellar apex narrower thancorium. Scentglandrugalong, sinnate, reaching slightly more than half way to EllenreIder 1862: 137. Type-speCIes, Amyotea metapleuralmargin, surroundedby evaporatorium Amyotea dystercoides Ellenreider (fig. 54). Metasternumflat, pentagonal. ConnexivaI (....malabarica(F.» angles not produced. Base ofabdomen without tu- bercle. Femoraunarmed; protibiaenotdilate. Males Diagnosis: Rostrum semi-crassate, long, surpass- lack glandularpatchesonabdominalventer.

Remarks. Bergroth (1911) nominated Asopus malabaricusF. tobeth.e type-speciesofth~ nomina~e genus Asopus BurmeIster. However, thIS name IS ero a eralpronotamargmswea yserra e,con­ ineligible because it was not one of the included vex in dorsal outline, somewhat explanate; humeri species when BurmeisteroriginallyerectedAsopus. 154 Insecta Mundi

~ ~ JI\~ )n"" 0"16 '-'. .'>1 '-'. "J .; "- wyr )--" / ~ / ~ "---J 'G ~ I, "" ) \\ \\ // \\ 7/

~ H J:f 1\ \'\ PI \\ II ,\ /11 15 1\ ~ A 16 I ~ r I 17 II /I A V\-JV Y Y -\, /V\ t' . \ ./ ...... \ / ~ \\-.. /'..1 \\ 77 .~- ... f ~ r< 1\ ~ '-..../ rTf' \ / ~ <>.L. ./ /'-----''\ 1)0 00, "~ ~ / , <\ ~ / ~ ~ \\ 71 ~ rf1/ \\ II I \ \\ II I ~ 1\ \ r /I r I 'r\\ ~ /\ A /h 10 lA j / IJ 1n ./ - "- -- \J;, 7! '-AJ \/J j \\ // \' / "- ---- / ~ FIGURES 15-19. Dorsal aspect: 15. Cazira, 16. Hoploxys, 17. Jalloides, 18. Afrius, 19. Picromerus.

ThusAmyoteais a valid genus name, separatefrom List of Species Asopus which is a junior synonym of Dlscocera of doubtfulvalidity. I havesynonymlZedAsopus rufus 1. Amyotea erythromela (Walker) Azim & Shafee under Amyotea malabaricus (F.) basedon thedescription, figures andcharacterscited Straeh~a erythromela Walker 1868:339 [Kalsaa]. by the authors as differentiating rufus from ~:ra£~~a praec~~a :~er ~=.= ~~ianl malabaricus. Inthis, asinmanyspeciesofAsopinae, rae ~a pyrop failer: [ a Ian}. dolsalcolor a tion variessnbstantially andcannotbe Asopus carnifex Vollenhoven 1868:12 [Ternate]. acceptedofitselfas a validcriterionfor erectingnew Asopus erythromelas: Stll.l 1870:58. Asopus praecipuus StAt 1870:58. taxa. Besideshavingplacedtheirspecies underanold Asopus pyrophilus: Stll.l 1870:58. ~~~~:':~~~ i;:~~:~~~o~~:~a~:;le:~i~~~~~~~~e~ Amyotea erythlOmelas. Schouteden 1907b.54. Amyotea malabaricus var. carnifex: Schouteden describedin thisspecies 1907b.54. Vol. 8, No.3 - 4, September· December, 1994 155

r " (/(\ t1l\ ,J11~ '>- ,d b. ~ .~ /"---" ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ "'- ) \' "- r1 I\~ rP: \\ )/ \\'C 11 zu Zl 22 \~ f , (I .\ ~ II J ~ II I. \ \ \ f /I ~ 1\' JV I \ ~ I '\ r 11\ ,. \\ /'--"'\ n y "-1 \\ /\ .1\ I/ 1\ " 'W VI nn ~·-··---·-·A. .- rrl\ \' / t-./ '\ r (' II /) '--./ r- II ~ \ I "'J / /'-.--/ '0 ~ ""~ / ~ t\\ f! \00. ""~I \\ \\ JI '\\ II I '\ I ~ 1/ I ~ ~ (If \ '\ r I 23 \ \ A II 24 "'I'

\/ '----/ / \\ / ...... "" / "" "- 11 \ I \ / \ / \ / '\ / ~

FIGURES 20-24. Dorsal aspect: 20. Anna,---21. Parea/da, 22. Montrouzlenenus, 23. P/anopsls, 24. Hemal/Ia.

Distribution: Indonesia, Australia, New Guinea, Distribution: MoluccaIslands. Moluccas. References: Kirkaldy (1909a) (synonymy, distribu References: Kirkaldy (1909a) [distribution, syn­ tion]. onymy). MaterialExamined. Walker's type specimen was Material examined:Walkefs specimen's were ex- examinedin theBM(NH) aminedintheBM(NH). 3. Amyotea glaucolimbata (Tryon) 2 Amyotea flOntalis (VValker ) Strachia glaucolimbata Tryon 1892: 15 [Papual. Straehia frontalis Walker 1868:339 [Batehian]. Asopus glauco-limbatus. Lethierry & Severin Asopus semiviolaceus Vollenhoven 1868: 13 1893:220. [Halmaheira] Amyotea glaueolimbata: Schouteden 1907b.54. Asopus frontalis: Lethierry & Severin 1893:220. Amyotea frontalts: Schouteden 1907b:54. Distribution: New Guinea, Bismarck Is. 156 Insecta Mundi

~ ( III (J \ 1 ( 11\ J \ ~ () fJ. 00- ~\ oQ t". f '- / ~ ~ / """- ~ "" ~ \\ /iff ( ) ~ /, 'I \\ II 1\\t\T lfYl ~ ~ \'\ II " .. II I A' II l\ ~ II \ r ~ 1/ , I ~ /V\ I, 1\ A ~ , / , " U / '-" '\. 1\ / '--../ /1 Y '-{ ,\ / h.J / "- "- ~ -IJ (f) / (In "\ h ,- ~ II ~~ " '\ t -0 b.. \ J \ , I "'----/ / / ~ ~ / """"\ / ~ ~ .r1 ~ I/l \\ JI ~ JI I (j ( \ ~ J \\ II I "'0 ~~ \ A P I ~ l I ...... \ / ..... \ \ ) ~ \ Y ~ v,", -,.,. , ) ~ II '/\ :,\ I / \ " ~_ .. __... !/ "- / I' "'--../ ~ - :/ FIGURES 25-29.lJorsal aspect 25. Platynopus, 26. Uechalla, 27. Mecosoma, 28. Rhacognathus, 29. Ealda.

References: Black(1968) [distribution] Material examined: Walker's material Vias ex amined in the BM(NID. Also. 3 males, 5 females, 4. Amyotea hamata (Walker) Australia, New Guinea.

Strachia hamata Walker 1868:342 [New Guinea]. 5. Amyotea malabarica (F.) Strachia saturata Walker 1868:342 [Ceram]. Asopus distigma Vollenhoven 1868:13 [Amboine]. Cimex malabarica Fabricius 1775:718. Asopus hamatus: StAI 1870:57. Cimex mactans Fabricius 1781:366. Amyotea hamata. Schouteden 1907b.54. Lygaeus matabaricus. Fabricius 1794.151. Lygaeus mactans: Fabricius 1794:161. Distribution: New Guinea, Molucca Islands, Aus- Cimex oculatus Fablicius 1798.535 [homonym]. tralia. Lygaeus argus Fabricius 1803:217. [new name for oculatus] References: Kirkaldy (1909a) [distribution, syn- Asopus argus: Burmeister 1834:293. Pentatama maetans: 'Hestwood 1842:25. onymy). Vol 8, No 3 - 4, September - December, 1994 157

~ I\ 1"\ rZl\~ r-< 1\ h. ct ..0 r- (--- '\ \ ,-----_.-.. -'-f ~ 1/ II .-/ ~ "'/ ,\\ II 1\\....- --/; 1\ ~ II I \\ II I \-\ 1 J ~ 1/ )"-..J\ 33 11 k ,I 34 I( / \\ 7/ / ,/ ...,. \ / '\ ""I.r - / \ I '" "'-./ FIGURES 3o-J4. Dorsal aspect: 30. Canthecona, 31. BlachlQ, 32. Glypsus, 33. Macrorhaphls, 34. Leptolobus.

Asopus mactans: Dallas 1851:107. References:Kirby (1891) [variation]; Distant(1902) Amyotea dystercoides Ellenreider 1862:137. (Characters, figures]; Kiikaldy (19093) [food plants! Amyotea nigripes Ellenreider 1862: 138 !Lahat]. distribution]; Esaki 1929 [characters, figure]; Asopus nig, ipes. Vollellhovell 1868.12. Chaterjee (1934) [prey]; Yang(1962) [figure]; Singh ASO~US malabaricus: StAt 1870:56. et a1. (1973) fPIey); Ahmad et a1. (1974) [figule); Hsiao et al. (1977) [characters, photos]; Azim & Am;Y6tea malabariea • ar. rubroeincta. Sehouteden Shafee (1982) (Original description] 1907b:54. Amyoteamalabaricavar. nigripes: Hsiaoetal. 1977:88. Material examined: Celebes (1), Phillipines (2), Asepus rufus.A.zim & Shafee 1982:361 [India]. [NEW Sumatra (1), Mira (1). SYNONYMY] 6. Amyotea micans (Distant) Distribution: Bangladesh, Borneo, Burma, Celebes, China. India, Indonesia, Japan, Java, New Asopus micans Distant 1888.476. Guinea, Phillipines, Sumatra, Sri Lanka, Taiwan. Amyotea micans: Schouteden 1907b:54. 158 Insecta Mundi

((I rTT\ ( A } ( A·~ Q'"'t) ~ >--.. S::" " " --- .-' ~ ~ / ~ / ~ "" '" ~ '\' ? ~ ::::> .\\ /1 1\ I I / I 1\ '\ / 35 \"\ /I, \\ II 'Hi \\ J/ ,\ '\ \\ II \ \\ II I 1\ \I \.\ / '-J\ i, ,.-\ A A Ii- \ 1 I '- \\ II \ /\ / \ \ \ / '-----" /I fr' r- ~------j! I'fr-. ~ \\' '1/.y I \ II "- ./ f/ Q. b \\ f/ ~ \ 7 / ~ \...-.-/ d. .6 ~ / \ ) / ~ '-----" ,\\ Tlil ~ .7 ~ 1// \\\ 1/// II \ ~j IL 38 jI lfi V \JJ l\\\ \" 1 1 Ih ~~ '---' '\ f V VI \ J \ / \ / FIGURES 3S 39. Dorsal aspect: 35. EeGantheGena, 36. AnayalJus, 37. DinerhJRGhus, 38. Pinthaeus, 39. Cantheeeniaea.

Distribution: New Guinea. References: Schouteden (1907b) [listed].

References: Schouteden (1907b) [listed). Material examined: Walker's material was ex­ amined in the BM(NH). Material examined: Distant's type specimen was examined in BM(NH). ANASIDA Karsch (Figs. 46, 67) 7, Amyotea reciproca (Walker) Anasida Karsch 1892:481. Type speCIes: Anastda Strachia reciproca Walker 1868:340. [New Guinea]. tenebrio Karsch Strachia megaspilus Walker 1868:341. [Mysol]. 4sopus bernsteinii vollenhoven 1868: 14 [New Gumea]. Diagnosis: Rostrum crassate, short, reaching 4sopus 1'€ciproca' Still 1870:57. only to mesocoxae; segment II as long as or longer Amyotea reClproca: SChouteden 19076:54. than lasttwosegmentscombined, segment IVlonger thanIII Bucculaeprominent, curved Tylus andjuga Distribution: New Guinea, Molucca Islands. equal III length. Antennal segments compressed. Anterolateralprenotalmargin sinuatein dorsalout Vol. 8, No.3 - 4, September - December, 1994 159

fT\\ ~ j !\\ f \Il ~- -~ / "'- /~."-- ~ / ~ \) ,,1/'" \ ) '-;:J \' \\\\-, rJ/ -(j \\ II 40 41 42 \ \\ II ~ II \ '\ (I I ~ t \ '\ (I I \\ r l ~ \ /\ )\ I I ./ "- t\\ A-A IN \\ JU\ f! ~ '11 / V'../ PJ YV "Vi \\ II '\ ! ~ l/ rrr---, \ / "'-.-/ "-./ Q.-9, ~ j \ D ~ ) I~ 1; 01\ ~ 1/ "'~~ A A 43 44 ~ lV ~ /' \ / "-/

FIGURES 40-44 Dorsal aspect· 40 Tro;"''',41 Platynop;ellu",42 Cermatu"'.,43 Damar;"',44 Platynap;ellu., proootaJ margj~

line, smooth or crenulate; humeral angle not pro­ cording to the rules ofnomenclature (ICZN 1985) a duced; each humeLUs with a submarginal, dotsal nameproposedbefOle 1981 whose descriptionconsists crest(fig. 46). Frenalmarginofscutellumlongerthan ofreferenceto a publishedillustrationmustbeconsid- post-frenalportion Ofscutellum; scutellarapex nar- eredavailable under Article 12(b)('/) rower than corium. Scent gland orifice attended by A»asida ikrami Ahmad & Kamaluddin (1983) long, curvedsulcus, extendingabout two-thirds dis­ belongs in the genus Pseudanasida and I here tance tometapleurahnargin; evapOlatorium obsoles- fonnally transfet it to that taxon. cent (fig. 67). Metasternum not elevate. Angles of connexivalsegmentsnotproduced BaseOfabdOmen List of Species prominent, butnottuberculate. Profemoraunarmed; protibiaenotdilate. Maleslackingabdominalglands. 1. Anasida funebris Distant

Remarks:Thisis a distinctive genusoffivenominal Anasida funebris Distant 1900:59 [Natal]. species ofuncertain validity Distant (191Ob) gives distinguishing characters for some of the species. Distribution: South Mrica. ArwsidaschouteikliiDistantisa newnameproposed by Distant (191Oa) for the species represented by Schouteden's (1907b) figure ofAnasidatenebrio. Ac- 160 Insecta Mundi

(I \ '\

ITT\ 0 b rm / '-<::. :Y "- X. .9---- / k' .~ / '\ "" / / \\, /I "" 1\\ 7/ \\ II ~ -// \ \\ II I \ \\ II 1\ \ \\ II " 1/ ~ \ '\ r I 1 \\ f J \ ~ r I Y\ A. A t1 ~ / '--./ \ I- \ \ I ~ "'-II 45 V ""J J46 \\./ '---/ "'JJ 47 / ..-' '-r' ,,\ ,-- --/ \\ II '\ / - ~ j/ ~ '--../ FIGI[RES 45-47 Dorsal aspect' 45 4myotea,46 4nasidQ,47 lalla

References: Distant (191Oa) [comparedtotenebrio 4. Anasida tenebrio Karsch and schoutedeni]. Anasida tenebrio Karsch 1892:481 [Angola] Material examined. Distant's male type speci- men was examined in BM(NH) Also' South Africa Distribution: Angola, Zaire, Cameroon, Tchad, (1 female). Ivory Coast.

2. Anasida orienta/is Distant References: Distant(191Oa),comparedtofunebris.

Itnasida orilYltalis Distant 191Ob: 195 [India]. Materialexamined: 2 males, 1female, Cameroon, Tchad. Distribution: India, Pakistan. Andrallus Bergroth References:Distant(1910b) [description]; Ahmadet (Figs. 36, 62) a1. (1974) [figure]. AudinetiaEllenrieder 1862: 136. Type, aculeata ( spinidens Material examined: Distant's male Holotype in F.) [Homonym]. BM[NH] was examined. Andrallus Bergroth 1905:370 [new name].

3. Anasida schoutedeni Distant Diagnosis: Rostrumcrassate, attainingmetacoxae, segment TT the longest, ITT the shortest but almost Anasida sc1wutedeni Distant 191Oa:99 [Congo]. equal to IV, III and IV combined longer than II; bucculae promment. Juga and tylus subequal m Distribution: Zaire. length. Anterolateralprothoracicmarginsthick, ru gulose. Posterioranglesofpronotumwithouttoothor References: Scbomeden (I91J7b) [figure]; Distant hook. Humeral angles produced into a birntate, (1910a) [name proposed]. small or obsolescent anteapical spine. Protibia not dilate. Base of abdomen without tubercle, though Vol. 8, No.3 - 4, September· December, 1994 161

---. \~~. 7 \' ~ /(y I \ ./ \ ~ - """- 50 51 - ----.....:

52

54 5

FIGURES 48 S7. Metaplllural SGllot gland apparatus: 48. StillJetes, 49. Treilus, 50. Jal/eides, 51. Cmira, 52. BullJeslethus, 53. Montrouzieriellus, 54. Amyotea, 55. Damarius, 56. Canthecona, 57. Afrius. somewhat pIOminent at the middle. Scent gland List of Species auriclereaching 4/10ofdistancetolateralmarginof metapleuIOIl, evaporatoriumdiscwltinuous, reduced toa narrow stripbehind auricle (fig 62) Maleswith 1. Andrallus spinidens (F.) a pairo!glandularpubescentpatcheson theabdomi­ nalventer Cimex spinidens Fabricius 1787:285 (Tranguebarl. Asopus geometricus Burmeister 1835.380. Pentatoma aliena Westwood 1837:40 [Nova Hollandia). 162 Insecta Mundi

!S!21 58

~;' -- --- \ \ ) 62 63

64 65

Figures 38-67. Metapleural scent gland apparatus. 58. CantheconilJea, 59. Anna,60. Blathla,61. Hemaitla, 62. Andratius, 63. Cennmuius, 64. Dinorhynchus, 65. Pinthaeus, 66. Glypsus, 67. Anasida.

Armageametl'iea: Dallas 1849:187. Distribution: China, Taiwan, Japan, Phillipines, Picromerus spinidens: Dallas 1851:95. Sumatra, Java. Indonesia. Vietnam. Borneo, New Aeanthidium einetum Montrouzier 1858:252. Guinea, Bangladesh, India, Fiji, Tahiti, Russia, Audinetia aculeata Ellenreider 1862: 137 [Sumatra]. Azerbaijan,Turkey,Iran,Syria,Ethiopia,Equatorial Cimm: (Audinetia) spinidens: Stdl 1867:496. Gumea, MalawI, SouthAfrIca, MozambIque, Sudan, Arma spinidens: Vollenhoven 1868:10. Audinetia spinidens: Distant 1902:253. Zaire, Madagascar, Malaysia, Australia, North Andrallus spinidens: Bergroth 1905:370. America,. ApateticusludovicianusStoner1917:462 [Louisiana]. Vol. 8, No.3· 4, September - December, 1994 163

;y~ ~"j I ~..-....

___ J "A

72

\ ) - \ \ 74 75 -...... _---_.---

FIGURES 68-75. Metapleural scent gland apparatus: 68. Z,crona, 69. Ealda, 10. Leptolobus, 71. P,cromerus, 72. Platynopiellus, 73. Planopsis, 74. Jalla, 75. Eocanthecona.

References: Distant (1902) (characters, figure]; Material examined: Botswana (1), Malaysia (1), Cachan(1952) [characters); Esaki(1952) [characters. Uganda (1), Okinawa (1), India (7), Java (4), Borneo figure]; Yang(1962) [figure]; Miyamoto(1965a) [fig­ (3), Vietnam (1). ure]; McDonald (1966) [genitalia]; Ahmadetal (1974) [figure]; Lmnavoun(1975) [liSted]; HSiaoetaI. (1977) (charaeters,photo); Manley(1982) [lifehistory]; Zhang (1985) [characters,figure]; Chopra& Sucheta(1986) [taxonomy]. 164 Insecta Mundi

76 7S!?3

78 79

FIGURES 76-83. 76. Dorycoris, 77. Hop/oxys, 78. Parea/da, 79. Oecha/ia, 80. Mecosoma, 81. Macrorhaphis, 82. P/atynopus, 83. RhaGegnathus.

Armallahn produced. Scentglandrugasinuate, long, extending (Figs. 20, 59) slightly more than halfway to metapleural margin (fig. 59). Base of abdomen prominent, rarely with Arma Hahn 1832:91. T:e s~ecies: Cimex custos F. obtuse, diminuitivetubercle; metasternumwithlow (designated by Sell ted n 1907), Ctmex lunda mesial carina. Femora unarmed; tibiae not dilate. F. (invalid designation by Kirkaldy 1909a). Maleslackabdominalglands. Auriga Kirkaldy 1909a:15. Type, Cimex custos F. (unnecessary substitution). Remarks:AIlila wasostensibly revisedby Ahmad& Harma Marshall 1868:282 (unnecessary emenda­ Onder(1990a). However, the authorswereevidently tion). lmawareOftheeXistence ohpeciesinthegen. ISother than A. custos (F.) and A. insperata Horvath. AI- Diagnosis:Host! umc! assate,! eachingmetacoxae, though theyaugmentedthegenusbythedescription ~~:~:~~~~;:~~~:~~~yCZ:::~~~~~:~:~~:i: oftwonew species, thecharacteristicsby which they distinguishedtheseforms werenotspecific incharac­ ter Forexample, their new species A neocustos was distinguishedfrom A. custos by antennalsegmentII being"usually" Slightlylessthan twotimesthelength longerthanpost-frenalportionofscutellum; scutellar onIIversussubequalorslightlylongerthan twicethe apex narrower than corium. Connexival angles not length ofIII. On the other hand their figures ofthe Vol. 8, No.3- 4, September - December, 1994 165 genitaliashow the tV\' 0 £01 IDS tobeindistinguishable. &Ishihara(1951) (synonymyanddisttibution],Esaki Inmyexperienceslightdifferencesintheproportions (1952) [characters, figure]; Dupuis (1952) [dorso- oftheantennalsegmentsdo notreliably separatethe abominal glands]; Dupuis (1959) [male parandria]; speciesofArma, northespeciesofanyotherasopine Pu chkova(1961) [eggs figured]; Yang(1962) [figure]; genus. I conSIder Ahmad & Onder's speCIes to be MIyamoto (1965a) [fIgure]; Wagner (1966) [charac­ synonyms of the eommon, widespread speeies A. ters, figure); Seidenstueker (1975) [key, genitalia custos. figured]; Hsiaoetal. (1977) !keyed, characters,photo]; Josifov & Kerzhner (1978) [figure), Tamanini(1981) List of Species [prey]; Tamanini (1988) [keyed, figure]; Ahmad & Onder(1990a) [taxonomy, figures]. Arma chinensis FallO! I Materialexamined: Czechoslovakia (3), Germany ArmEl ehinensis Fallo\! 1881:340. (2), France (1), Hungary (3), Spain (1), Japan (3), ArmEl disoo1'8 Jakovlev 1902a:64 [Mongolia]. China (12). Aunga dlscors: Kirkaldy 1909a:15. 4uriga chinensis' Kirkaldy 1909a'15 3. Arma ferruginea (Hsiao & Zheng) Aurlgapelpmgensls Yang 1933:2I [Pelpmg] l"dartinia /01 ruginea Hsiao & Zhong 1977.86 [China). Distribution: China, Korea, Mongolia. Arma ferruginea: Zheng 1980:322.

References: Josifov & Kerzhner (1978) [distribu- Distribution: China. tion, characters, figure], Yang (1933) [description], Yang (1934a) [characterized]; Zhang (1985) [char- References' Hsiao et al (1977) [description, fig- acters, figure]. ures, photo]; Zheng (1980) [generic placement].

Material examined: China (3), Taiwan (1). 4. Arma insperata Horvath

2 Arma custos (F ) 4rma inSp€Mta Horvath 1899:445. Aunga msperata: Kirkaldy 1909a:15. Cimex custos Fablicius 1794.94. Pentatoma custos: Latreille 1804: 188. Distribution: Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey, Romania, Arma custos. Hahn 1832.95. Hungary. Asopus custos: Burmeister 1835:379. Stiretrus custos: Blanchard 1840: 153. References: Vidal (1949) [characters, key]; Asopus (Arma) custos: Flor 1860:94. SQioonstuckQr (1975) [key, gQnitaliafigured, prey]; AUl'igEJ oust6s: Kirkaldy 1909a:15. GOllner-Scheidirig & Arnold (1988) [distribution Arma custos f. scutellaris Stichel 1961:656 [unavail­ able name] and collection note]; Ahmad & Onder (1990) (tax- Arma neocustos Ahmad & Onder 1990a:8 [Turkey]. onomy, figures]. [NEW SYNONYMY] 4rma neoinspemta Ahmad & Onder ]9908"9 [Tur- 5. Arma koreana Josifov & Kerzhner key]. [NEW S"YNONYMy] Alina kOloonaJosifov & Kerzhner 1978.181 [Korea]. Distribution: France, Italy, Denmark, Sweden, Russia, China, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Austria, Distribution: Korea, China Czechoslovakia, Bosnia, Belgium, Netherlands, Hungary, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, Romania, References:Josifov & Kerzhner(1978) [deSCrIptIon, Bulgaria, Germany,Siberia, Turkey, "North Africa" characters].

References: Kirkaldy (1909a) [host plants!, distri Materialexamined: Korea (1). bution]. Yang(1934) [characterized,figured]; Michalk (1938) !biology]; Villiers (1945) (characters, figure]; 6. Arma macuJata Zheng Hoffmann (1948) [diet]; Dupuis (1949) [distribution, prey,life cycle]; Vidal(1949) [characters, key]; Esaki Arma maculata Zheng 1980:321 [Yunnan]. 166 Insecta Mundi

Distribution: China. specimens seem quite lale. I have seen only the female type References: Zheng(1980) [descnptIOn, gemtaliafig­ 'Ired]. List of Species:

7. Arma tubercula Yang 1 AllstraLojaUa versicolor (Distant) NEVV COMBINATION Aungacuswsvar. tubercula Yang 1934a:115 [Kouy- !che~J] .falloides versicolor Distant 1911'350 [Queensl and] Aunga tli ercula: Joslfov & Kerzhner 1978:182.

DistributIon: Vietnam, Chma. Distribution: ..Aillstralia.

References:Josifov & Kerzhner(1978) [status,char- References. Distant (1911) [descliption). acters, distribution] Materialexamined: Holotypefemale BM(NH). Matenal exammed: Chma (1). Blachia Walker 8. Arma velata Walker (Figs. 31, 60)

Arma "plata Walker 1868'532 [Hindnstan] Blachia Walker 1867: 117. Type, ducalis Walker. Sesha Distant 188'7.343. Type, munifestu Distant ( Distribution: India. ducalis).

References: Distant (1900) [status, types]. angulat@ly produc@d. Juga slightly long@r than tylus. Anterolateral pronotal margin narrowly AustzaLojalla TIIOlllaS, NEV" GENUS beaded, reflexed; humeriprodueedin narrow, terete (Fig. 11) spines (fIg. 31). Post-frenalportionofscutellumlonger than frenal margin, base of scutellum tumid but Type species: Jalloides versicolor Distant. without gibbosities; scutellar apex wider than co- rmm. Scent gland onfIce With long, spatulate, el­ Diagnosis: Rostrum crassate; segment III longer evatedruga, extendingmorethan two thirds distance than II. Tylus andjuga subequalin length. Antero- to meta;leural mar~in; eva;;oratorium reduced to lateral pronotal margin without a distinct bead. Humeral angles not produced (Fig. 11). Frenum longel than post-flenal portion of scutellum, apex mesrnlcanna. Baseofabdomen WIth tubercle directed narrower than corium. Metasternal margins cari- in apposition to metasternum. Connexival angles nateforming sulcus receiving rostrum. Scentgland tuberculate. Profemora with anteapical spine; ruga very short, not reaching half-way to protibiae foliate. Males with pair ofpilose, glandu­ metapleural margin. Profemora with anteapical lar patches on abdominal venter. spine; protibia not dilate. Base of abdomen ·.... ith short tubercle. Males unknown. 1. Blachia ducalis VValker

Remarks: This species differs in significant char- Btcuhia ducatis Walker 1867.117 [Siam]. acteristics from the other two Australian species of Cazira coccinelloides Vollenhoven 1868:4. JallOides. It has a small tubercle at the base of the &shu muni{estu Distant 1887.343, pi. 12, fig 2. abdomen, lacking in the other species; the scent gland IUga is much shOItel, the plopOItions of the Distribution: Thailand, India, China, Indonesia, rostral segments are very different (third segment Burma longest vs. the second); and the metasternum IS modified for reception oftherostrum TInfortunately, Vol. 8, No.3· 4, September - December, 1994 167

References: Hsiao et a1. (1977) [keys, characters, Distribution.MaIiana Is. (Tinian, Saipan). figure, photo]. References: Ruckes (1963) [descripuon, lIgures]. Material examined: The type series, one male and three females, were examined in the BM[NH]. Material examined: Holotype male in AMNH. Also, flOm India (1 female). Also: Tinian, Mariana Is. (one male determined by Ruckes). Bulbostethas Ruckes (Figs. 14, 52) Canthecona Amyot & Serville (Fig. 30, 56) Bulbostethus Ruckes 196()'285 Type, 4S0P'1S chrysopterusHerrich-Schaeffer. Canthecona Amyot & Serville 1843:81. Type, Pentatorna discolor Palisot de Beauvoir. Diagnosis: Rostrum crassate; segment II and III subequal, IV about seven-tenths of III; bucculae Diagnosis: Rostrum crassate; segment II longest, inconspicuously elevated. Juga and ty Ius equal in III longe~ than~V. Bu~ula,rom~ent,EWenly el- length. Anterolateral pronotal margins crenulate, evate. Ty us an juga 0 eqUIDengt .Anterolateral caJloused; st.raight or slightly concave in dorsal pronotalmargins erenulate, straightin dorsalview , view; humeriproduced, apexconical(fig. 14). Frenal humerilong, slender, spinose (fig. 30). Frenalmargin margm slightly longer than post-frenal portIOn of longer than post-frenal part ofscutellum, scutellar seutellum; seutellaI' apex narrower than a eorium. apex narrowerthan corium Apex of]astconnexivaJ Angle ofconnexival segment VlI acuminately pro­ segmentproducedacummate. Scentglandrugalong, duced. Scent gland IUga flat, spatulate, extending reaehingmore thanhalf..,..,ay to metapleuralmargin about half way to metapleural margin; (fig. 56). Mesosternum with low, flat, mesialcarina. evaporatorium narrowly surrounding ruga (fig Metasternum bulbous. elevated. Base of abdom'en 52). Mesosternum with low, flat, mesial carina; with short spine directed forward in apposition to metasternum bulbous. Base ofabdomen with stout metasternum. Prolemora WIth subapIcal spme; spine reaching mesocoxae. Femora unarmed. protibia prismatic, not dilate. Males with pair of protibia terete. Males with pair ofpilose glandular pilose, glandularpatcheson abdominalventer. patcheson abdOminalventer Remarks:Amonotypic genus. The single species is List of Species tan with a brown transhumeral viu'a on the pronotum and brown pronotal and abdominal mar- gms. The humen are prolonged, spmose laterally. 1 BuLbostethus chrysopterus (Herrich- Length 10 12 mm. Schaeffer) I is. of Species Asopus chrysopterus Herrich-Schaeffer 1844: 114. [Guam] Canthecona chrysoptera: Lethierry & Severin 1. Canfhecona discolor (Pallso! de 1893:213. Beauvois) Cantheconidea chrysoptera: Schouteden 1907b:44. Bulbustethus chl'ysuptel us. Ruckes 1960.285. Pentatoma discolor Palisot de Beauvois 1811:112, [Guinea). Distribution: Mariana Is. (Guam). Canthecona d~scolOr: Amyot & serville 1843:81. Cimex (Cantheoona) disoolor Still 1867'496 References: Bergroth (1915) [taxonomy], Ruckes Alrius discolor glypsoides Linnavouri 1975: 124. (1960) [deseription], Ruekes (1963) (eharaeters, [NE:W 8YNIINYMY] synonymy, distribution]. CantheconadiscolorglypsoidesLinnavouri 1982:164.

2. Bulbostethus transversalis Ruckes Distribution:Sudan,Guinea, Togo, Zaire, Cameroon, Nigeria, Ghana, Liberia, ,A~ngola. BulbustethusttansvelsalisRuckes 1963.329 [Mariana Is.] 168 Insecta Mundi

References:Linnavouri(1975) (subspecies descrip- 2. Cantl7econidea cyanacantha (Stal) tion, figure]; Linnavouri (1982) [subspecies, distri- bution). Canthecona cyanacantha StAl 1870:42 [Fiji] Canth_nidea cyanacantha: Schouteden 1907b:45. Material examined: Holotype of subspecies glypsoides Linnavouri from Sudan in collection of Distribution: Fiji, Samoa. AMNH. Also, North Mrica (1), Cameroon (4), Zaire (2), Angola (1). References: China 1930 (distribution).

Canthecomdea Schouteden Material examined: determmed specimens m (Figs 39, 58) BMNH, also Fiji (1 male).

Cantheeofl,idea Schouteden 1907b:44. Type species: 3. Gantheconidea gaugleri Schneider Cantheeona javana Dallas. Cantheconidea gaugleri Schneider 1940:206 Diagnosis: Rostrum crassate; segment II longest, [Sumatra) III equal to IV; bucculae brief, elevated anteriorly. Tylas and jaga of equal length Anterolateral Distribution: Sumatra. pronotal margins crenulate or denticulate; humeri promment, if prolonged, the apex bifid (FIg. 39). References: Schneider (1940) [description, fig- Frenal margin longer than post frenal part ofseu ures, life cyCle, immatures, prey] tellum, apex narrower than corium. Scent gland rugaspatulate,flattened, CUI'led, extendingslightly 4. Gantheconidea humeralis Distant more than halfway to metapleuralmargin (fig. 58). Metasternum bicarinate, mesially sulcate, mar- Canthecona humeralis Distant 1908:452 gins embracing rostrum in repose. Mesosternum [Tenasserim] withlow, obtusecarina. Baseofabdomen withshort, Cantheconidae [sic] humeralis: Kirkaldy 1909a:36O. forwardly directedtuberele. Apexoflasteonnexival Cantheconidea humeralis: Hsiao et al. 1977:84. segmentproducedacuminate. Profemorawith sub­ apicalspine; protibiaeprismatic, metatibiae terete Distribution: India, Burma, China, Thailand Males without glandular patches ofshort setae on abdOrilinalventer. References: Hsiao et a!. (1977) [keyed, figures, photo]. Remarks: The modification ofthemetasternum to embrace the !Ostrum in repose is diagnostic fOl the genus although this condition is also found in so, ailan . Ealda and Parealda 5. Cantheconidea javana (Dallas) List of Species GlypslI sjal>anliS Dallas 1851'94 Wava] Canthecona Javana: Vollenhoven 1868:9. 1. Cantheconidea acuta (Vollenhoven). Canthecona cognata Distant 1882'157 [Sumatra] Canthecona Jnsulans KIrby 1891:79. Canthecona acuta Vollenhoven 1868:9 [Timor] Cantheconidea jal1ana' Schoutoden 1907b'45 Cantheconidea acuta: Schouteden 1907b:45. Distribution: ,lava, India, Sri Lanka, Sumatra, Distribution: Indonesia. Celebes.

References: Kirkaldy (1909a) [distribution]. References: Kirby (1891) [description, figure]; Kirkaldy (1900) [prey], Distant(1902) [synonymy]. Material examined: 1 female. Indonesia. Deter- mined specimens in BMNH Material examined: Type speCImens m BMNH. .Also 1 male, Mura. Vol. 8, No.3· 4, September· December, 1994 169

6. Cantheconidea variabilis (Vollenhoven) gibbosityon thescutellarbasebuta similarcondition is approachedin someother species. This name was Canthecona varullnh8 Vollenhoven 1868:8. rI'lmor]. synonymized with Teratocazira by Zheng & Liu Canthecon idea l'ariabilis' Schouteden 1907b'46 (1987b) These names even as subgenera should be suspendeduntIlthegenus IS revised. Distribution: Indonesia. List of Species References: Kirkaldy (1909a) [listed]. 1. Cazira bergrothi Breddin Material examined: determmed speCImens m BMNH Cazira bergrothi Breddin 1911:3';3;3 [TOnkm] Cazira (Metacazira) bergrothi: Schouteden 1907b:23. Cazira Amyot & Serville (Figs. 15, 51) Distribution: Vietnam

CazimAmyot& Serville 1843.78. Type species, Cazira References: Gaedieke (1971) [type deposition). verruco8a Amyot & Serville [not Westwood] ( chiluptem Henich-Schaeffer), designated by 2 Cazita breddini SchQ! Iteden Kirkaldy (1903: 230). Cazira, subgenus TeratocaziraBreddin 1903.34. Type Cazira breddini Schouteden 1907a:41 [Bhoutan]. species, Teratocazira horvathi Breddin. Gazira (Metaeazira) breddini: 1907h.23. Gazira, suhgenus Metaeazira Sehouteden 1907b.22. Type species, Pentatoma verrUC08a Westwood. Paraeazira Sehouteden lQ07b:10. Typo spoeies, Distribution: Bhutan, China, India. Breddiniella insigni8 Schouteden. Breddiniella SChouteden 19076·44 TYpe species, References:Sehouteden (19073) [description]; Yang Breddiniella insigni8 Schouteden. (1934a) [keyed, characterized, figured]; Hsiao etal. AClCaz~ra HSIao & Zhong 19'1'1:80: Type speCies, (1977) [keyed, photo]. Acicaziragibbo8a Rsiao & Zhong (Synonymy by Zheng & LlU 1987b). Material examined: determined specimens 10 BM(NH). Diagnosis: Rostrum crassate; segment II longest, III and IV subequal, II as long as III and IV 3. Gazlfa chitoptera (Rerrich Schaeffer) . combined; bucculae prominent,closedbehind. Juga and tylus equalinlength. Eyes proximal toanterior A80PU8 chiropteru8 Herrich-Schaeffer 1840:78, fig. pronotllm Frenal margin a little shorterthan post- 523. frenal portIOn ofscutenum; base ofscutenum WIth Cazira chiroptera: Dallas 1851:82. large, tubercular gibbosities; apex narrower or as Gazira (Gazira) ehiroptera: Sehoutedon 1907b.22. wide as corium. Connexival angles produced as spines or tubercles (fig. 15). Scent gland ruga long, Distribution: Indonesia, Phillipines, Borneo, extending more than half way to metapleural Sumatra, Java. margin; evaporatoriumnarrowlysurroundingruga (fig 51) Base of abdomen with a short spine or References: Black (1968) (distribution). forwardly diiected prOJection. At least pro-femora with oneor two antepical spines; protibiae strongly Material examined: Sumatra (3), Phillipines (3). foliate. Males with pair ofpilose glandular patches on abdominal venter. 4. Cazira concinna Hsiao & Zheng

Remarks: jIbe generIC characters gIven for the Cazira concinna Hsiao & Zhong 1977:81 [Hunan]. various synonyms ofCazira by Schouteden (1907b) do not hold. Some species lack the femoral spine Distribution: China. and in some the male glandular patches are so inconspicuous as to be undetectable. The genus References: Hsiao et al. (1977) [description, key, Acicazira was founded for the presence ofa smgle photo]. 170 Insecta Mundi

5. Cazita emeia Zhang & Lin Distribution. China, Vietnam.

Cazira emeia Zhang & Lin 1982:57 [Sichuan]. References: HSIao et a1. (1977) [descnptIon, 6.g· ures, photo]; Zheng(1980) [genitaliafigured] Zheng Distribution: China. & Lm (1987b) [synonymy]. Material examined: China (1 male). References: Zhang & Lin (1982) [original descrip- tion, figures]. 10. Cazira inerma Yang

6. Cazira flava Yang. Cazira inerma Yang 1934a:99 [Kouy-Tcheou].

Cazira {lava Yang 1934a:98 [Guizhou]. Distribution: China.

Distribution: China. References: Yang (1934a) [description, keyed, fig- ured]; HSIaO et at (1977) [keyed, photo]. References: Yang 1934a [description, keyed, fig- ured]; Hsiao et a!' (1977) [keyed]. 11. Cazira insignis (Schouteden)

7. Cazira frivaldskyi Horvath Breddiniella insignis Schouteden 1907a:45.

Cazim If iuuldskyi Horvath 1889.35 [Nepal]. Distribution: Bhutan, India. Cazira bhoutanica Schouteden 1907a:39 [Bhoutan]. Caziw (Metacaziw) [tioaldskyi. Schouteden References: Schouteden (1907b) [figure]. 1907b:23. Material examined: I male, IndIa. Distribution: Nepal, Bhutan, China, India.

12. Gattra tntemexa \.Nalker a escnptIon ;orvath ~ [synonymy; Yang (1934b) (characterized, keyed, figured]; Hsiao Cazira intemexa Walker 1867.118 [Cambodia]' et a1. (1977) [keyed, photo]. Cazira (Metacazira) internexa: Schouteden 1907b:23.

Materia) examined: Determined specimens in Distribution. Cambodia. India. BM(NH), Also India (I male), Chma (2). Rererences: KirkaJdy (1909a) [listed] 8. Cazira fruhstorferi Breddin Material Examined. Type specimen in BM(NH).

Cazira fruhstorferi Breddin 1901:59 [Celebes]. 13. Cazira kirkaldyi Breddin Cazlra (Metacazira) fi'uhstorferi' Schollteden 1907b'23 Ciizira kirkaldyi Breddin 1903'34 [Sumatra] Cazira(Metacazira) kirkaldyi: Schouteden 1907b:23.

Distribution: Sumatra. References. KiIkaldy (1909a) [listed]; Gaedieke (1971) [types]. References: Gaedicke (1971) [type depository].

9. Cazira horvathi Breddin 14. Gatira membranta Zhang & lin Cazira horvathi Breddin 1903:34 ITonkin]. Cazira membmnia Zhang & Lin 1982.59 [Hunan]. Acicaziragibbosa Hsiao & Zheng 1977:297 [China]. Cazira (Teratocazira) gibbosa. Zheng & Liu 1987b:286. Distribution: China. Vol. 8, No.3 - 4, September. December, 1994 171

References. Zhang & Lin (1982) [original descrip­ 20. Cazira thibetensis Schoutedell tion, figures]. Cazira thibetensis Schouteden 1907a:42 [Tibet]. 15. Caz;ra montandon; Breddin Cazira (Metaeazira) thihetensis: Sshouteden 19076:23. Cazira montandoni Breddin 1903.34 ITonkinl. Cazira (Metacazira) montandoni: Schouteden Distribution: Tibet. 1907b.23. References: Yang (1934a) [keyed. characterized]. Distribution: Vietnam, China. 21. Cazira uJcerata (Burmeister) References: HSIaO et at. (1977) [Key]; GaedlCke (1971) [types]. Asopas alceratas Burmeister 1835.380. Cazira strumosa Still 1870:39 [Java]. 16. Cazira reuteri Breddin Caziw ateemta. Atkinson 1887.l"13. Cazira (Metacazira) ulcerata: Kirkaldy 1909a:28. Cazira reuteri Breddin 1903:33 [Tonkin]. Gaziro (llfekJeaziro) reuteri: Sehouteden 1907b:23. Distribution: India, Java, China, Thailand, Sumatra. Distribution: Vietnam. References: Kirkaldy (1909a) [distribution, syn- References: Kirkaldy (1909a) [listed]. onymy].

17. Caztra schwarzl AbbaSI & RIShl Material examined: Determined specimens in BM(NH), also India (1) Cazira schwarzi Abbasi & Rishi 1974:41. 22. Gazira vegeta Kirkaldy Distribution' Pakistan Asopus ulceratus HerrlCh-Schaeffer 1839:452 References: Abbasi & Rishi (1974) [description]; [Coromandel][homonym] Ahmadetal. (1974) [listed]. Cazira ulcerata: Dallas 1851:82. Cazira (Metacazira) ulcerata: Schouteden 1907b:23. Cazira (lvletacazira) vegeta. Kirkaldy 1909a.29 [new 18. Cazira sichuana Zhang & Lin name). .

Caziw sichuana Zhang & Lin 1986.92 [Sichuan]. Distribution' Japan. China, Vietnam, Thailand, India. Distribution: China References: Yang ~1934a~ rke~ed characterized~ References: Zhang & Liri (19gB) [original descrij) tion]. [immatures], Hsiao et al (1977) [key]

19 Cazita simms Distant Material examined: 1 malEl, India.

GfJziJ'fJ similis Distant 1902:245 [..\ssam]. 23. Cazira verrucosa (Westwood) Cazira (Metacazira) similis: Schouteden 1907b:23. Pentatoma verrucosa Westwood 1834:445 [Java]. Distribution. India. Ilsopus llerruci,fer Burmeister 1835'380 Cazira verrucosa: Dallas 1851:82. References: Distant. (1902) [description] l:azlra (Metacazrra) rwrrucosu' Schouteden 1907b:23. Material examined: Type specimen in BM(NH), also India (1 male). 172 Insecta Mundi

Distribution: Chnta, Taiwan, Burma, Vietnam, MaterialExamined:Type specimen nlBM(NIl). India,Bangladesh,.Iapan,Thailand,Camlxxlia"Iava, Phillipmes. CERMATULUS Dallas

Cermatulus Dallas 1851:106. Type species: Aelia 1W8lJlis Westwood.

Diagnosis: Rostrumerassate, reaehingmetaeoxae; Material examined: TaIwan (4), India (3), That­ segment II longest, III equal to IV or slightly land (3), Japan (1), China (1). longer; bucculae promnlent. Juga and tylus ofegual length. Anterolateral pronotal margins reflexed, 24 Cam'S yunnanica (Zhallg & Lill) weakly sinuate to subrectilinear in dorsal outline; humerinotproduced(fig. 42). Frenalmarginlonger Breddiniella yunnanica Zhang & Lin 1982:57 than post-frenal portion of scutellum. Connexival [Yunnan]. angles not produced. Scent gland ruga flat, broad, spatulate, extending slightly less than halfway to Distribution: China. mefapleural margin; evaporat.orium great.ly re- duced (fig. 63). Mesosternum with low, flat, mesial References: Zhang & Lin (1982) [original descrip- carina. Base of abdomen with short, compressed, tjon, figure] forwardly direeted protuberanee. Profemora un armed; protibiae prismatic. Males without ab­ CECYRINA '/·lalker

(1980) [prey, eeology]; l1wan (1988) !.behavior, de'v'elop P/,atynopus innoeuus Stftl 1865b:71 [Guinea]. mentl. Platynopus splendidulus: 8tftl 1868:16. P/,atynopus metallieus Fallou 1891:5 [Cafrerie). ~terial examined: Australia (20), Tasmania Damarius splendidulus: Schouteden 1907b:48. [)(Jmarius bicolor Distant 1912:89 [Uganda]. Platynopus splendidulus: Linnavouri 1975: 125.

2. Cermatulus turbotti Woodward Distribution: Zaire, Guinea, Sudan, Uganda, Si erra Leone, Ghana, Ethiopia, Benin, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Cameroon, SOUdi Mriea

References: Kirka1dy (1909a) [distribution]; erma u us nas IS u sonl 00 war a:. Schouteden 1907b [figure]; Schouteden (1909) [color Distribution: New Zealand. variatiOn]; Distant (1912) [descriPtion]; Villers (1952) (characters, distribution, figure]; Linnavouri References: Woodward (1950) [description, fig· (1982) [habitat, distribution]. UIe], Woodward (1953a) [synonymy]. Material examined: Sierra Leone (2), Ethiopia Material examined: New Zealand (8). (1), Uganda (4), ZaIre (1), Ghana (5). Distant's holotype female and two paratype females, in BM(NH) from Uganda were examined. Damarius Schouteden (Figs. 43, 55)

Damarius 8chouteden 1907:49. Type species: Cimex Dinorhynchus Jakovlev splendidulu8F. (Figs. 37, 64)

DiMI hynchus Jakovlev 1876. 107. Type species. DinorhynchusdybowskyiJ akovlev. lJeoglypsusDistallt 1881. 27. Type species. Neoglypsus viridicatus Distant (=dybowskyi Jakovlev).

Dia~nos~: Form ~longate Rost~~ cras~a~~ scu e um; scu e ar apex narrower an corlUm. , Scent gland ruga effaced laterally, not surrounded rostrum. Juga much longerthan tylus andcontigu- by evaporatorium (fig. 55). Mesosternum with low, OllS anteriorly. Anterolateral pronotal margins crenulate sinuateindorsalview' humeri an~ulatel~ flat carina. Base ofabdomen with long compressed lon~er spine reaching mesocoxae. Connexival angles acu· prolonged (fig. 37). Frenum than pos .frena minate Profemora annate; protibia modestly dj· late Males Jack abdominal glands corlUm. cent g an ruga at, spatu ate, curve , extending more than halfway to metaplellralmar Remarks: Damarius bicolor appears to be a color gin (fig. 64). Base of abdomen with cylindrical variety of splendidulus. I have examined speci­ tubelcle, obtuse at apex, PlOtt uding between metacoxae Connexival angles not produced IIlens that ale all blue, blue with a led head 01 a harlequin pattern of blue and red. Distant's types Profemora unarmed; protIbia not dIlate. Males are blue WIth a red head and legs. lack setose abdominal glands.

List of Species Remarks: The two species are easily separated. Dinorhynchus dybowskyi is green with acute hu- meri, opulentus is tan with obtuse humeri. 1. Damarius splendidulus (Fabricius)

Cimex splendidulus Fabricius 1803:163. Oplomus elongatus Dallas 1852:6 [Brazil in error]. 174 Insecta Mundi

List of Species halfway tometaplemal malgin, notsUllounded by evaporatorium (fig. 76). Mesosternum with low,flat, 1. Dinorhynchus dybowskyi Jakovlev carina. Prot'emora unarmed; protibiae not dilate. Males with ventral abdominal glands Dorsal color DinorhynchusdybowskyiJakovlev 1876: 107 [Askold metallIC blue orcoppery green. Is ] NeoglYDsuS viridicatus Distant 1881·27 list of Species Distribution' Russia, Japan, Siberia, China, Ko· rea. 1. Dorycoris pavoninus (Westwood) References: Okamoto (1942) [biology, figures]; Pentatoma avonina Westwood 1837:39 I u Miyamoto (1962) [figure]; Hsiao et al (1977) [char. Leone]. acters, photo]. Pentatoma miniatus Westwood 1837:43 [Sierra Leone]. Materialexamined:Japan (3); holotype female of Asopus!uscosus Germar 1837:187 [Terra Capensis]. 1\'eoglmsus viI idicatus was examined ill BM(NID. AS6pUS annulipes Germar 1887:187 [ldriea meridionalis] Zierona palJ6nina: Dallas 1851: 108. Zicrona annulipes: Signoret 1861:922. 2 Dinolhyncfms oj>alentas (Distant) De,,'ceris palJeninus: Mayr 1864:906. Claudia pavonina: StM 1864:75. IVeeglypsus 6pulentus Distant 1890.159 [Hubei]. Claudia nudilJentris StlU 1864:75 [Sierra Leone]. Dinorhynchus opulentus: Kirkaldy 1909a:26. Rhaphigaster perornatus Walker 1868:567. Dorycoris 11 IIdil>erz tris' ShU 1870'36 Distribution: China. Dorycoris !uscosus: StAI 1870:36.

References: Yang (1934a) [characterized]

orycoris pavoninus var. ru en opulentus was examinedinBM(NH). 1907b:58. Dorycoris pavoninus var. nudiventris: Schouteden DORYCORIS Mayr 1907b.58. Dorycoris pavoninus var. pavoninus: Schouteden (Figs 10, 76) 1907b.58.

Dorycoris Mayr 1864'91'6 Type species Pentatoma Distribution: Zaire, Gahon, Ghana, Cameroon, pavonina Westwood Botswana, Madagascar, Benin,Ivory Coast, Rwanda, Claudia Stl1l 1864:74. Type species, Pentatoma SiQrra LQonQ, GuinQa, Sudan, Tanzania, NigQria, pavonina Westwood SouthAfrica, Nigeria.

References. Schouteden (1909) (varieties]; Cachan (1952) [characters]; Leston (1952b) [distribution]; about equal to length of II; bucculae prominent. GillOn (1972) (CharactQrs, figurQ]; Lmnav oun(1975) Juga and tylus of equal length. Pronotum tumid; [distribution]; Linnavouri (1982) [figure, habitat, antelOlateIaI plOllotal malgill silluate in dorsal distribution, subspecies]. view; marginal bead weak anteriorly, obsolescent laterany; humerI not produced (fIg. 10). F'renal Material examined: Zaire (5), Gabon (21), Ghana margin of scutellum longer than post frenal POI' (2), Cameroon (9), Botswana (6), Tanzania (1), tion; scutellar apex narrower than corium. Benin (1), Kenya (1), Togo (2), Madagascar (1), Connexival angles not produced. Base of abdomen South Africa (1), Nigeria (7). with forwardly directed, compressed spine which reaches to mesocoxae. Scent gland ruga extending Vol. 8, No.3 - 4, September· December, 1994 175

Ealda VValker blief, occupying only anteliOi halfofhead. Jugaand (Figs. 29. 69) tylus ~f~qual~eni~h ~~te~olater~lpron?tal ~fins

Ealda Walker 1867'409 Type species' Ealda minax Walker.

Diagnosis: Rostrumcrassate, attainingmesocoxae; subelevated; margins not or feebly carinate. Scent segmentII longest, shorterthan III & IV combmed. giandperitremeflat, broad, spatulate, extendinghalf Bucculae elevated, prominent anteriorly, obsoles way to meta~!'l;; ~arg~~' ~urrou~d~d by cent posteriorly. Juga and tylus of equal length. Anterolateral pronotal margins obtuse. smooth. lacking bead; humeriproduced spinose andcurved abdominalsegmentproducedacuminate. Profemora rearward; posterior angles strongly lObate (fig. 29). annate;PIOtibia dilate01 not. Setoseglandularpatches Frenum longer than post frenal part ofseutellum; presenton abdominalventerofmales scutellar apex narrower than corium. Scent gland rugaflat. spatulate, cUlving. extending half way to Remarks: It is ~enerallY overlooked that metapleural margin; narrowly surrounded by Bergroth (1915) erecte this genusfor those species evaporatorium (fig 69) Metasternum and hay ing a non-specialized metastelnum. Atthe time mesosternum laterallybicarinate, carinae embrac- he erected the genus he mentioned only furcellata mg rostrum. Base of abdomen WIth short, pmched tubercle rece",edby emargination ofmetasternum. Connexivalangles produced, each successively more produced than preceding until the fifth and sixth been able to examine a majority of the species in decidedly spinose. Femora unarmed; protibia ter­ order to confirm their correct generic placement. ete. Others, especially the more recently described spe- cies, I have placed based on their descriptions. Remarks: Distant (1900a) considers this genus to be near Hoploxys Dallas Since male specimens are List of Species unknown the presence ofpilose abdominal glands IS likewise unknown. 1. EOcanthecona binotata (Distant) [NEW COMBINATION]

1. EaId8 minax "Valker Canthecona binotata Distant 1879.47 [Assam]. Cantheconideabinotata' Schouteden 1907b'45 Ealda minax Walker 1867:409 [New Caledonia]. Distribution: India, China DistrIbutIOn: New Caledoma. References. Distant(1902) (chataetels]; Hsiaoetal. References: Distant (19OOa) [characters]; Distant (1977) [keyed, figures. photo); Ahmad & Rana(1988) (1920) (distribution]. [keyed].

Material examined: Syntypes, 2 females, were MaterIal examIned: Determmed speCImens m examined in BM(NH) Also, New Caledonia (1) BM(NH).

Eocanthecona Bergroth 2. Eocanthecona concinna ('vValker) (Figs. 35, 75) CantheconaconcinnaWalker 1867:131 [Hong Kong]. EocantheconaBergroth 1915:484.Type species: Cimex Gantheeonidea concinna: Kirkaldy 1910:104. furcellata Wolff Eocanthecona concinna: Miyamoto 1965b: 229.

Diagnosis: Rostrum crassate, segment IV Distribution: China, Taiwan. equal to III; bucculae elevated, promment but 176 Insecta Mundi

References: Yang (1934a) [chaIacteIs, figUIe], photo], Mittal & Leelamma (1981) [chIomosomes]. Kirkaldy(1910) [characters); Hsiaoeta1 (1977) [keyed, Zhang (1985) [characters. figure]; Ahmad & Rana fIgUres, photo]. (1988) [characters, keyed, figure]; Yasuda & Wakamura (1992) [rearing]; Senrayan & Materialexamined:Determine

References: Bergroth (1915) [description] Asopus hirayamae Suzuki 1915.17 (nomen nudum]. CantheconideajapanicolaEsaki & Ishihara 1950:54 4. Eocanthecona formosa (Horvath) [Honshu].

Cantheconidea !ormO.9a Horvlith 191 1'4:32 Distribution: Japan. [Formosa]. Canthecona furcellata var. formosana: Shiraki References: Esaki & Ishihara (1950) [description, 1913:210. keys, figure]; Esaki (1952) [characters, figure] CantheconidealamwsanaSonanl927.42 [Formosa]. NEW SYNONYMY Eocanthecona lal//toBa. Hoffman 1948.12. 7. Eocanthecona kyushuensis (Esaki & Ishihara) Distribution: Taiwan CantheconideakyushuensisEsaki & Ishihara 1950:57 References: Esaki (1926) [synonymy, distribu- [Kyushu]. tien]; Sonan (1927) [description as new species]; Eocanthecona kyushuensis. Miyamoto 1962.80. Hoffman (1948) [characters, nomenclaturel. Distribution: Japan 5 Eocantbecona furceJlata (Wolff) References: Esaki & Ishihara (1950) [descriPtion, keys, figure]; Miyamoto (1965) [nomenclature, fig Cimex furceUatus Wolff 1801.176 [India Orientalis]. ure). Arma armigera Herrich-Schaeffer 1844:113 (Ben- gal]. Canthecona furcellata: Dallas 1851:9l. 8. Eocanthecona latipes (Stal) [NEW Cantheeenidea (uroellata: Sehollteden 1907b:45. COMBINATION] Eocanthecana furcellata: Bergroth 1915:484. Canthecana latipes Still 1871:619 [Phillipines]. Distribution:Phillipines, India, SIiLanka,Burma, Gantheoonidea latipes: Kirkaldy 1909a:13. Java, MoluccaIs., CarolineIs. (palau), Bangladesh, Taiwan, China, Japan, Thailand Distribution: Phillipines.

References: Distant (1902) [characters, figures]; Material examined. Determined specimens ill Horvath (1911) [description]; Bergroth (1915) [tax- BM(NH) onomy]; Esaki (1926) [taxonomy, distribution]; Sonan (1927) [chaIacteIs. distribution, prey); 9. Eocanthecona mitis (Vollenho'v'en) [NE'I'v' Chaterjee (1934) [prey, life history]; Hoffmann (1948) [prey, distribution]; Ruckes (1963) [charac- COMBINATION] ters, distribution]; Sen et a1 (1971) [biology, life cyde]; Ahmad et a!. (1974) [biology, figure]; ehu & Canthecana mitis Vollel1hoven 1868. 7 [Amboil1e]. Platynapus mitis: Walker 1868:529. Chu (1975) [prey, fecundity]; Hsiao et a!. (1977) Canthecona mitis. SUd 1870.229. [keyed, figures, photo]; Chandra (1980) [prey, Vol. 8, No.3 - 4, September - December, 1994 177

Cantheconidea mitis. Kilkl1ld, 190911.13. 14. Eocanthecona popuJusi (Ahlllad & Rana) [NEVVCOMBINATION]. Distribution: Indonesia. Canthecona populusi Ah mad & Rana 1988' 80 10. Eocanthecona neotlblalls (Ahmad & [Punjab]. Bana) [NEW COMBINATION] Distribution' Pakistan Canthecona neotibialis Ahmad & Rana 1988:75 [p.bbotabad]. References: fJimad & Rana (1988) (original de scription, key, figures]. Distribution: Pakistan. 15. Eocanthecona robusta (Distant) [NEW References: Ahmad & Rana (1988) [original de- COMBINATION] script.ion, key, figures] Picromerus robustus Distant 1879:48 [Assam]. 11. Eoeanthecona ornatula (Distant) [NE'/'l (.anthPrilna robII sta' llistant 1902'250 COMBINATION] Cantheconidea robusta: Kirkaldy 1909a:13.

Canthecona ornatula Distant 1908:451 [Darjeeling]. Distribution: India, New Guinea, Phillipines, Sri Cantheconidae [sic] ornatula: Kirkaldy Lanka, China, Sumatra, Java, Australia. 190911.366. References: Black (1968) [distribution]; Ahmad & Distribution: India, Burma. Rana (1988) [keyed]

References: Distant (1908) [original description]; Material examined: Determined specimens in Ahmad & Rana (1988) [keyed]. BM(NH). Also: India (1), Australia (1), Sri Lanka (2), Java (1). Material examined. Ty pe specimens in BM(NID. 16. Eocanthecona rufescens (Vollenhoven) 12. Eocanthecona paNa (Distant) [NE\N [NEW' COMBINATION] COMBINATION] Canthecona rufescens Vollenhoven 1868:6 [Jav.a]. Cantheemu:J parva Distant 1902:250. [Mysore]. Cantheegnidea rufeseens: Kirkaldy 1909a:13. Cantheconidea parva: Schouteden 1907b:46. Canthecona rufescens var. similis Jensen-Haarup 1931'324 Distribution: Burma, India, Taiwan. Distribution: Borneo, Java, Sumatra. References: Distant (1908) [original description], Hsiao et aI. (1977) [figure]; Ahmad & Rana (1988) References. Jensen-Haarup (1981) [new variety]. (Characters, keyed, prey] Material examined: Determined specimens in Material examined: India, Taiwan. BM(NH). Also: Sumatra (7), Java (3).

13. Eocanthecona plebeja (Vollenhoven) 17. Eocantllecona slliRoRuensis (Esaki & [NEVI COMBINATION] Ishihara) [NEVV COMBINATION]

Canthecona plebe}a vollenhoven 1868:7 fI'ernate] Cantheconideash~kokuens~sEsakl & Ishlhara 1950:55 Cantheconidea plebeja- Kirkaldy 19098"13 [Shikoku].

Distribution: Morucca Islands. Distribution' Japan 178 Insecta Mundi

References: Esaki & Ishihara (1950) [descIiption, late, humeIi acutely pIoduced. FIenum longerthan keys, figurel. post-frenalportionofscutellum; apexnarrowerthan corium. Lateral extension ofscent glandperitreme 18. Eocanthecona thomson; (Distant) [NEVV short, not reachinghalf-waytometapleural margin COMBINATION] Baseof abdomenlackingspmeortubercle. COnnexlVaI anglesproducedasshort, conicaltubercles. Proiemora Canthee(JR,idea thomsoni Distant 1911:351 with anteapicalspine; protibianotdilate. Maleslack [N.E.China]. selose abdominalpatches.

Distribution: China. 1. Fnanus alluaudl (Schouteden)

References: Distant (1911) [description]; Yang Canthecona alluaudi Schouteden 1905: 143 [Ethio­ (1934a) [characters]; Hsiao et al (1977) [keyed, pia). figures, photo] Friarius alluaudi: Schouteden 1907b:42.

Material examined: Determined specimens ill Distribution: Ethiopia, Madagascar BM(NH). Also: China (1). References· Cachan (1952) (characters, keyed]. 19.· Eocanthecona tibialis (Distant) [NEW Material examined. One deteIminedspecimen in COMBINATION] BM(NID.

Canthecona tibialis Distant 1879:46 [Assam] Canther;onidea tibialis: Kirkaldy 1909a:13. Glypsus Dallas (Figs. 6, 32, 66) Distribution: India, Burma. Glypsus Dallas 1851:93. Type species: Asopus vigil References: Distant (1902) [characters]; Ahmad & Rana (1988) [keyed]

Material examined: Determined specimens in BMNH. Also, India (1 male). speCIes: Edessa moesta Germar (-conspwuus 20 Eocanthecona voiLenhoveni (Breddin) (Westwood» deSIgnation by Klrkaldy (1909a) [NEW COMBINATION] Epiglypsus Schouteden 1907b:31 (Subgenus). Type species' Glyp.9U.9truculentwIWalker 1868'132by monotypy. Cataglypsus Kirkaldy 1909a:27 (Subgenus). Type ven~: an econ a vo n r a1 y 9a:. species: Glypsus bouvieri Schouteden. Distribution: Java, Indonesia Diagnosis- Rostrum crassate, segment II longest, References: Gaedieke (1971) [types). III and IV subequal m length, combmed longer than II; bucculae prominent and closed behind. Matctial examined. specimens in BMNH Juga sometimes convergent anteriorly. AnteIOlateIal pIOnotal margins denticulate 01 Fnanus Schouteden crenulate. Frenum longer than postfrenal part of scutellum; apex narrower than conum (fIg. 32). Friarius Schouteden 1907:42. Type species' Orificial peritreme of scent gland elongate, curv Canthecona alluaudi Scliouteden ing, flat, spatulate, extending half-way to metapleural maIgin (fig. 66). Margins of metasternum sometimes carinate, receiving apex of rostrum Profemora wit.h ant.eapical spine; protibia variable; not, slightly or strongly dilate. Vol. 8, No.3- 4, September. December, 1994 179

Basal abdominal tubercle is bifid 01 sulcate (fig. 6). 2. Glypsus bouvieliScllouteder I Males lack setose abdominalglands. Glypsus bouvieri Schouteden 1904: 140 [Belgian Remarks: SchOllteden and Kirkaldy generated Congo.) conSIderable confUSIOn by therr mvalId deSIgna­ Glypsus (Glypsus) bouvlen: Schouteden 190'16:31. tions oftype species. Glypsus was founded by Dal GlypslI S (CataglypslI s) hOlll1;er; Kirkaldy 1909w27 las 1851 to include five s ecies: vi il Germar, , , ,, Dallas, and luridus Dallas, without designating Coast, Ghana, Zaire, Tanzania, Ethiopia. any as type. Schouteden (19075) determmed that the species listed by Dallas (1851) as "vigil? References: Linnavouri (1982) [distribution). Germar" pertained to a species described by him as bouvieri and theIefoIe designated it as type- ;;-terialexamined:Angola (2), Nigeria (1), Ghana species, with the statement "Type du genre. - Glypsus Bouvieri Schouteden (vigil Dallas, nee Germar) "Under the rules ofnomenclature (TCZN 3. Glypsus carinulatus Bergroth ArtIcle 69a) a deSIgnated type-specIes must be one of the originally included nominal species. Thus, Glypsus carinulatus Bergroth 1904:32 [Sudan]. bouvieri cannot be the type. Kirkaldy's (1909a) Glypsus (Glypsus) carinulatus: Schouteden 1907:31. subsequent designation of Edessa lItoes La GennaI Glypsus (Cataglypsus) carinulatus: Kirkaldy as type-species was alsoinvalid, even though it was 1909a:27. a speCIes orIgmally mcluded by Dallas, because It was not included in Schouteden's concept of the Distribution:Sudan, Zaire, Nigeria, Guinea, Ivory nominal subgenus when he established subgenera Coast. of GlFPsus. Actually, Distant (1902) had aheady designated Asopus vigil Germar as the type of the References: Gillon (1972) [characters, immatures, genus. Also, since vigil is the only species included figure]; T,inn avouri (1975) [lectotype designated] by name in both the original founding of GlYPSllS DallasandthesubgenusGlypsus sensuSchouteden, Material examined: Zaire (1). it would become type as the only available name under ICZN Articles 68b and 69a. 4. Glypsas conspiClJas (Westwood) The fact that these subgeneric distinctions should be disregarded as unsupportableon morpho- Aelia conspicua Westwood 1837:33 [Mrica interiQri). logIcal crIterIa does not relieve subsequentreVIsers Edessa mgesta Germar 1337:161. Asopus moestus: Herrich-Schaeffer 1844:113, fig. from adherencetothis regulation. Thus, Kirkaldy's 778 subgeneric rearrangement is invalid while Glypsus conspicuus: Dallas 1851:93. Schouteden's subgeneIic anangement is Ielevant Glypsus moestus' Dallas 1851'93 onlyfor thepurposesofnomenclature. Glypsus pictiventris StAI 1853:213 [Africa meridionahs] List of Species Glyps~ ~~~sDicuus var moestus' Schouteden 19 5: . Glypsus ~ParaglYPsus) conspicuus: Schouteden 1. G/ypsus abdOmmaJjs Cachan Glypsus (Glypsus) conspicuus: Kirkaldy 1909a:27. Olypsus (6lypsus) abduminalis Caehan 1952.300 [Madagascar]. Distribution: South Africa, Sudan, Tchad, Botswana, Angola, Guinea Bissau, Ivory Coast, Distribution: Madagascar Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Tanzania, Zaire, Zimbabwe. References: Cachan (1952) (descriptiOn, figures). References:Mossop (1927) [biology, figure]; LestoD (1952) [status ofvarIety moesta); Le Pelley (1959) 180 Insecta Mundi

[prey], Gillon (1972) (characters, figure], Linnavouri Material examined: Determined specimens in (1975) [characters, distribution] BM[NH] Also, Ghana (2), Nigeria (1), Togo (1). Angola (1). Material examined:The syntype seriesofEdessa moestaGermar,consistingofthreefemales locatedin 8. Glypsus luridus Dallas the HumboldtUniversityMuseum (Berlin) were ex amined. AlSO: determined specimens in BM(NID, Glypsus luridus DaJlas 1851'93 [Korea] Zimbabwe (14), South Mrica (4), Botswana (1), Angola (1), Zaire (3), Mozambique (1), Nigeria (1) Distribution: Korea! probably in error.

5. Glypsus erubescens Distant References: Kirkaldy 1909a [status uncertain].

Gljp.ms embe,'lcen.'l Dist.ant. 1890b'55 [Belgian Material examined: I was unable to loeate the Congo] type at the BM(NH) Glypsus (Paraglypsus) erubescens: Schouteden

Glyp;;~7i~7;;'8Us) erubescens: Kirkaldy 1909a:27. 9 Glypsus nigripes Horvath

Distribution:Sudan, Niger, Nigeria, Tchad, Zaire, Glypsus (Epiglypsus) nigripes Horvath 1911:423 Ivory Coast [Madagascar]. Glypsus (Epiglypsus) nigripes: Cachan 1952:302. References: Linna-t'ouri (1975) [characters, lecto Distribution: Madagascar. type designated); Linnavouri (1982) [distribution]. References: Cachan (1952) [status questioned]. Material examined: Type specimens in BM(NH) Also, NIgeria (1), Zaire (I). 10. Glypsus sparsus (Westwood) 6 Glypsus fuscispinus Stal APlin sparsa Westwood 1837·3B [Sierra I.enne] Aelia a8similis Westwood 1837:33 [Sierra Leone]. Glypsus sparsus Distant 1900b:817. Glypsus (Paraglypsus) sparsus: Schouteden 1907b:31. 1909a:27. Glypsus (Glypsus) sparsus: Kirkaldy 1909a:27.

Distribution:SouthMrica, Ethiopia?, Tanzania. Distribution: Sierra Leone

Glypsus truculentus \Valker 1868.132 [Mada- gascar]. Glypsus (Epiglypsus) truculentus: Schouteden 7 GJypsus kuhlgatzi Schouteden 1907b'31

Glypsus kuhlgatzi Schouteden 1904.141. [Belgian Distribution:Madagascar. Congo]. Glypsus (Glypsus) kuhlgatzi. Schouteden 1907b.31. Glypsus (Cataglypsus) kuhlgatzi: Kirkaldy 1909a:27. References: Cachan (1952) [characters, figures].

Distribution: Ghana, Kenya, Sudan, Nigeria, 12. Glypsus vigil (Germar) Angola, Togo, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Zaire. Asopus vigil Germar 1837'185 [So Africa] References: Linnavouri (1975) [listed]. Glypsus vigil?: Dallas 1851:93 [ bouv~en Schouteden]. Glypsus (Glypsus) vigil: Schouteden 1907b:3l. Vol. 8, No.3· 4, September. December, 1994 181

Glypsus (Cataglypsus) l:Jigil. Kirkaldy 1909a.27. Diagnosis. RostIumcrassate, reaching metacoxae in repose: segment II longest, III and IV subequal, Distribution. South Mlica, Zane, Nigeria. combinedlonger than II. Bucculaprominent, lower posteriorly; juga and tylus of equal length. References: Le Pelley(1959) [prey]; Medler (1980) Ariterolateral pronotum obtuse, marginal bead ef· (distribution]. faced; humeri elongately produced into long, acute spine (fig. 16). Frenal margin of scutellum longer Material examined: Determined specimens in than post-flenal pOItion, apex nallower than co­ BM(NH). rium Lateral extension of scent gland peritreme reachmgslightly more thanhalfway to metapleural Hemallia Bergroth margin; evaporatorium reduced, not surrounding (Figs. 24, 61) peritreme (fig. 77). Mesosternum with low, obtuse carina. Connexival apices spinulate, last segment AlliaSchouteden 1907b:32. Type species: Canthecona with long spine. Base of abdomen with long com- signitenens Schouteden. pressedspinewhich protrudesbetween mesocoxae. Hemallia Bergroth 1908: 131. Replacement name. Profemora unarmed; protibiae snbterete Males WIth pilose glandularpatcheson abdommalventer. DiB gnosis:Rostrum crassate, segmentIIlong. est, III slightly longer or equal to IV, attammg 1. Hoploxys coeruleus Dallas metacoxae inrepose. Tylus andjugaofequalhmgth, bucculaeprominentanteriorly, obsolescentbehind. Hoploxys coerlilelis Dallas 1851'103 [Congo]. Anterolateral pronotal margins obtuse, crenulate in anterior half, concavely sinuate in dorsal view: Distribution: Sudan, Gabon, Cameroon, Zaire, humeri produced, acuminate (fig. 24). Posterior Rwanda. angJesofpronotum angularlylobate Frenum longer than post-frenal part of scutenum; scutellar apex References: Villiers (1952) [characters, fIgure, narrower than corium. Scent gland orifice continu distrIbutIon]; Lmnavoun(1975) [LISted]; Lmnavoun ous with short, curvedsulcus notreachinghalfway (1982) [habitat, distribution]. to metapleuralmargin (fig. 61). Metastemum not ele:t~d ~}l~e ofabdomen wit;s~llt tllber~J~ tb~ Material examined: Zaire (2), Gabon (2), Cameroon (4). VI ment notproduced. Males lack abdominalglands. Jalla Hahn 1 HemaUia signitenens (Scho1lteden) (Figs. 47,74) CantheconasignitenensSchouteden 1905:276 [Mada­ gascar] Jalla Hahn 1832: 100. Type species: Cimex dumosus Alha s~gnltenens: SChouteden 1907b:52. L. Hemallia signitenens' Bergroth 1908'131 Diagnosis: Rostrum crassate, segment II longest, Distribution:Madagascar, Mauritius. IIIslIOI test, II shorterthanII & IVcombined; buccula prominent. Juga and tylus equal. Anterolateral References. Bergrath (1908) [homonymy, replace­ pranotal margins thick, callOused, humeri not pro mentname]; Cachan (1952) [characters]. duced (fIg. 47). Frenal portion of scutellum longer thanpost frenalportion; apex narrowerthancorium. Material examined: Madagascar (1), Mauritius ScentglandorifIcesituatedsomewhatlateradofcoxae (1). (rather than between them); peritreme extending lat.erally about. t.wo-thirds distance to metapJeuron, it's apex effaced; evaporatorium reduced, not sur­ roundingperiti'eme (fig. 74). Protemorawith anteapical tubercle; protibiaprismatic. Baseofabdomen without tubercle. Hoploxys Dallas 1851: 103. Type species: Hoploxys coeruleus Dallas 1851. 182 Insecta Mundi

Remarks:Thespeciesofthisgenuscanbesepalated Distribution. China, Mongolia, SovietUnion, Tur­ by thefollowing key. key.

ConnexivuID alternately marked References: Schouteden (1907b) [figure]; Yang ...... subdtlatata Reuter (1934a) [characters]; HSIao et aI. (1977) [keyed, Connexivum unicolorous .. 2 photo].

2 I lorsal surface uniformly dark Material examined: Determined specimens in ...... subcalcarata Jakovlev BM(NH) Base ofscutellum with pale spot at each angle and pale longitudinal stripe on midline ofpronotum and scutellum dumosa (L.) 3. ..1alla 5ubdilatata Reuter

List of Species Jalla subdilatata Reuter 1900:238 [Algeria].

1. Jalla dumosa (Linnaeus) DIstributIon: Algeria References: Vidal (1949) [characters, figure]; Cimex dumosus Linnaeus 1758:445. Pentatoma dumo8a: Tigny 1802:296. Lindbetg (1951) [types). . Jalla dumosa: Hahn 1832:101. Asopus dumosus: Burmeister 1835:378. Material Examined: Determrned speCImens rn Stiretrus aumGsus: Blanchard 1840:153. BM(NH). Jalla mgnventns Fieber 1861:347. •lalla dumosa vaT nigriventris' Futon 1869'8 JALLOfOES Schouteden Jalla anthracma Jakovlev 1885:162 [Hyeres, France] (Figs. 17,50) Jalla subdtlata var. vtdua Horvath: 191 I: Jalloides Schouteden 1907b:41. TyPe species: Jalla Distribution: Afghanistan, Algeria, Austria, rubricosa Stll.l Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, China, Czeehoslo vakia, Denmark, En land, France, Finland, Ger- Diagnosis: Rostrum crassate, attaining ,, '" , erlands, Palestine, Poland, Portugal, Romania, much longer than III. Buccula prominent; juga RUSSIa, SIberia, Sparn, Sweden, SWItzerland, Syria, equal in length to tylus. Anterolateral pronotum Tunisia, Turkey, Yugoslavia. with 01 without a malginal bead. Plenum longel than post·frenal part of scutellum; apex narrower than corium (fig 17) Metasternum not prominent Peritreme of scent gland orifice extending later-

margin; surroundedbyevaporatorium (fIg. 50). Profe- mora with anteapical spine, pIOtibia ptismatic, metatibia sulcate Base ofabdomen prominent but withouttubercle. Maleslacksetoseglandularpatches

Remarks. The two specie" ofthis genus both occur Material examined: Determined specimens in in Australia and can be separated by the following BM(NH). Also: Moravia (1), Germany (1), Mghani. key. stan (1), Spain (1), I1ungaly (2). 1. Anterolateralpronotal marginbeaded; dorsal color solid red op"ZPntlls [hstant 2. Jalla subcalcarata Jakovlev Anterolateral pronotal margin without a distinct bead' with three black spots on pronotllID Jalla subcalcarata Jakovlev 1885:163 [Songaria, ...... rubricosus Stll.l. Kazahkstall]. Vol. 8, No.3- 4, September - December, 1994 183

List of Species Remarks:Thesubgenericdistinctionsreeognizedby Schouteden (1907) canbe disregarded. Thecharacter 1. Jalloides opulenfus Distant separating Moyuro from Leptolobus, the degree of jugal dilation and theextentofpronotalconstriction Jalloides opulentus Distant 1911:349 [Queensland]. IS slight and only 10 L. £ns£gms IS the difference detectable atall. Distribution: Australia. List of Species References: Distant (1911) [description). 1. Lepfolobus eburneafus Karsch Material examined: Holotype in BM(NH) was examined. Also, Australia (1). LeptolobuseburneatusKarsch 1892:482 [Cameroon]. Leptolobus eburneatu8 vaT thorcu:/'cu"q Schont.eden 2. ..la/Joides rubricosa (Stal) ];02'237 1905:169. Jalla rubricosa SUil 1870:34 [Australia]. Leptolobus (Leptolobus) eburneatus: Schouteden Jalloides rubricosa: Schouteden 1907b:41. 1907b:17. Leptolobus (Leptolobuti') thoracicus. Schouteden Distribution: Australia. 1907b:17. Leptolobus eburneatus var. thoracicus: Kirkaldy References: Gross (1975) [figure, characters]. 1909a.29. Leptolobus thoracicus: Schouteden 1910:404. Material examined: Determined specimens in Leptolobus thoracicus "al. dispm. Schouteden BM(NH). 1929:63 [Congo].

Lepfolobus Signoret Distribution: Cameroon, Guinea, Kenya, Zaire. (Figs. 34, 70) References' Kirkaldy (1909a) [synonymy]; Schouteden (1929) [vanety];. Vilhers. (1952) [char-

Moyam Distant 1898:314. Type species: Moyara ure]. insignis Distant. Leptolobus subgenus Moyara: Sehouteden 1907b.17. Material examined" Determined specimens In BM(NH). Also: Cameroon (15). Diagnosis. Rostrum crassate, segment II longest, III shortest; bucculae prominent and closed be­ hind Juga dilate and reflexed, head not as long as 2. Leptolobus inSignis (Distant) pronotum; eyes separate from anterior border of pronotum. Pronotumwith a strong, medialconstric MUYUla insignis Distant 1898.314 [Zomba]. tion, thorax anterior to constriction globose; Leptolobus insignis. Schouteden 1905.172. anterolateralborderwith thin marginalbead;humeri Leptolobus (Moyam) insignis: Schouteden 1907b:17. elongate,spinose(fig. 34). Post·frenalportionofscutel- lumshorterthanfrenalborder; apexnarrowed. Scent Distribution: Malawi. gland orifiCe opens on to a smooth area WIth an elongaterugaon itsposteriormargin; evaporatorium References: Schouteden (1905) [figure]. divided into a v-shaped configuration (fig. 70). Mesosternum with low, flat carina. Metasternum Materialexamined. Type specimeninBM(NIl). weakly elevated, lateral margins thinly carinate. Profemora with anteapical spine; protibiaeprismatic 3 Leptoioblls karscbi Schllmacher Base of abdomen with inconspicuous, low, broad tubercle. Males with pairof glandUlarsetosepatChes LeptolobuskarschiSehumaehel 1912.22 [Cameroon]. on abdominalventer. Distribution: Cameroon, CentralAfricanRepublic. 184 Insecta Mundi

References. Schumachel (1912) (descliption). Diagnosis. Rostrum classate, segment II longest, III shortest; buccula closed behind. Juga and tylus 4. Leptolobas martini (Schouteden). subequal in length. Anterolateral pronotal margin obtuse, rugulose anteriorly, concave in dorsalview Moyara martini Schouteden 1904:138 [Uganda]. Humen promment, angularly produced. PosterIor Leptolohus martini: Schollwden 1905.171. anglesofpronotum with minute hook 01' smalltooth Leptolobus (Moyara) martini: Schouteden 1907b:18. (fig. 33). Frenum longer than post-frenal part of Leptala9us (Leptala{3Us) martini: Kirkaldy 1909a:29 scutellum, apex nallowel thancorium. Scentglalld sulcus reaching half-way to metapleural margin, Distribution. Cameroon, Uganda. apex effaced, not surrounded by evaporatonum (fig. 81). Mesosternum bifurcate posteriorly. Basal References: Kirkaldy (1909a) [subgeneric place­ abdominal spine long, compressed, surpassing ment] mesoeoxae. Connexival angles acutely pIOduced into minute s~ines. Profemora with anteapical Material examined: Determined specimens in spine, protibia lOt or weakly dilate. BM(NH). Also: Uganda (1), Cameroon (4). Key to SUbgenera 5 LeptoLobus murrayi Signoret 1. Males with setose patches on abdominal venter; Leptolobus murrayi Signoxet 1855.63 (Guinea]. ocelli rounded, small, distance from eye to ocelli Leptolobus (Leptolobus) murrayi: Schouteden twice ocellar diameter. Protibiae prismatic .... 1907b:18. . 1vIacrorhaphis Males lack setose patches on abdominal venter; Distribution: Cameloon, IvOIy Coast, Guinea, ocelli lalge, elliptical, distance from eye to ocel­ Liberia. Nigeria, Sierra Leone. lus equal to ocellar diameter; protibiae with earinate eetedorsal margin ...... "",{egarhaphis References: T.eston (1952b) Disted]; Vi]ljers (1952) [Characters, figure]; Linnavouri (1982) [distribu- List of Species tion]. Subgenus Macrorhaphis Dallas Material examined. Detelluined specimens in BM(NH) Also' Cameroon (7) 1 tv1acml17aph;s dallas; SchOlJteden

6. Leptolobus zanzibaricus Bolivar Macrorhaphis dallasi Schouteden 1905:181 [Mada­ gasear]. Leprolobus zanz~bancus BolIvar 1879: 136 [ZanZI­ Macrorhaphis dallasi val'. signata Schouteden bar] 1905:182. Leptolobus (Moyara) zanzibancus: Schouteden MacrorhaphUl (Megarhaphis) dallaSi: Schouteden 1905:173, fig. 47. 1907b'39 Macrorhaph~s (Macrorhaph~s) dallas~: Schmitz Distribution:Somalia, Tanzania 1976'371

References: Schouteden (1907b) [figure]. Distribution: Madagascar,Tanzania, Uganda.

1'vlaClOlflaph;s Dallas References. Cachan (1952). (chalactels, key, fig­ (Figs. 33, 81) ure]. Materialexamined: Determinedspecimen (male) Macrorhaph~s Dallas HS51:l:I7. Type speCIes: Asopus leprosus Germar in BM(NH). Also, Uganda (1), Tanzania (1). lvlegarhaphisWhlte 1878:463. Type speCIes: MegarhaphUl wollastoni White. 2 Macrorhaphis Ieprosa (Germar) It'Jacrorhaphis subgenus lvIegarhaphis: Schouteden 1907b:39. As9,Pus leprasus GermaF 1837: 186 (South MFiea). Vol. 8, No.3- 4, September - December, 1994 185

AS6PUS tristis Herrich Schaeffer 1844.120 References. Schmitz (1976) [key, characters, fig­ [Transvaal]. ures). Moororhaphis leprosa: Dallas 1851:87. Macrorhaphis tristis: StiH 1865:65. Material examined' Type specimens in BM(NH). MaGrorhaphis (MaGrorhaphis) leprosa: SGhouteden 1907b:39.

Distribution: South Africa, Zaire. Martinina Schouteden

References: Schmitz (1976) [characters). :.la, linia Schouteden 1907a.49. Type species. Martinia inexpectata Schouteden. Homonym. Material examined· Determined specimens in :Jartinina Schouteden 1907a.76. New name. BM(NH). Incitatus Distant 1908:453. Type species: Incitatus primus Distant. [NE'N SYNONYMY]

Subgenus Megarhaphis Buchanan-White Diagnosis.Rostrum crassate, attainingmetacoxae, se ment III Ion est IV sh r r III n I su equa. uccu a e eva e an um e em. Juga longer than tylus but not convergent in front. Macrorhaphis acuta Dallas 1851:88. Anterolateral pronotal margms denticulate; hu­ Macrorhaphis spurcata Walker 1868:531 [Natal]. meri thickly produced. Frenal portion ofseutellum Macrorhaphis infuscata Walker 1868:531 [Why­ lon~er than ~ost-frenal ~art; a~ex narrower than dahl. Mecosoma spinosum Horvath 1892:258 [Quilimane]. ltfaclOlhuphis acuta VaL in/uscata. Schouteden 1905:531. rosternum wea ly carma e anterIOr y; :Jacrorhaphis (:rfega, haphis) aeala. Schouteden mesosternum with weak carina which is broader 1907b:39. posteriorly; metasternum elevatedandweaklycon­ cave. Base ofabdomen with small spinose tubercle Distribution: Angola, Benin, Botswana, Canary directed in apposition to metasternum Profemora Is., CapeVerde Is., Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea unarmed; protIbiae prismatic. Males WIthout sea Bissau, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Malawi, Madagascar, tose abdominalglands. MozambIque, NIger, Nlgena, Sudan, South MrIca, Tanzania, Zaire, Zimbabwe. Remarks: Both Distantand Sehouteden described their respective new species as monotypic genera. References: Cachan (1952) [characters, key, fjg. eachprobably unawareoftheothers ahnostsimulta· ures]; I.e Pelley (1959) [prey]; Abasa & Matbenge neollS work Theirdescriptions do indicatedifferences (19'14) [prey, bIology]; LmnavourI (1975) [lIsted]; m the length of the scent gland ruga and relative Schmitz (1976) [characters, key, fIgures]; Linnavouri lengths ofthe last two rostral segments. Martinia (1982) [habitat, distribution]. ferrugirwaHsiao & Zhengwas transferredtoArmaby Zheng (1980). Material examined: Madagascar (1), Kenya (7), Malawi (2), Botswana (2), Ghana (4), MozambIque [1St of Species (1), Zimbabwe (45), Angola (5), Ethiopia (1), Tanzania (1). 1. Martinina inexpectata Schouteden

4. Macrorhaphis wollastoni White Martinia inexpectata Schouteden 1907a:49 [Tibet]. Martinina inexpectata Schouteden 1907a:76. Megarhaphis wollastoni White 1878:463 [St. Hel ena]. Distribution: China. Macrorrhaphis lL'ollastoni' Bergroth 1893'124 MacrorhaphM (Megarhaph~s)wolta8tom: Schouteden References:Schouteden(1907b) [figure]; Yang(1934) 1907b'39 [characterized]; Hsiaoet al (1977) [keyed]. Distribution: St. Helena Is. 186 Insecta Mundi

2. Mattinina prima (Distant) [NE'vV Disttibution:lvOlY Coast, Kenya, Mali, Zaire, Zim· COMBINATION] babwe

lncitatu.s primu..s fhstant 19118'458 [IndJa] Materialexamined:Kenya(1), Zimbabwe (1).

Distribution: India. 3 Mecosoma mensa, Germar

References: Distant (1908) [original description, Asopus mensor Germar 1837:186. [So. Mrica]. figure]. Rhaphigaster mensor Herrich-Schaeffer 1846'713 Mecosoma mensor: Dallas 1851:'1'1. Material examined: Holotype, female (BM[NH]) Distant 1898'308 Mecosoma thoracata Distant 1901'61 [Mashonaland].

Distribution: Botswana, Mozambique, Nigeria,

Mecosoma Dallas 1851' 77 Type species' Asop!ls babwe. mensor Germar. References: Leston (1952a) Qisted); Linnavouri Diagnosis:Rostrumcrassate, reachingmetacoxae (1975) [listed], Linnavouri (1982) [distribution]. in repose; segment II longest, I, III & IV subequal in length; bucculae united and moderately promi· Material examined: Botswana (1). nent posteriorly. Juga and tylus of equal length. Anterolat.era] pronot.a] margins narrowlycalloused, Montrouzieriellus Kirkaldy smuate m dorsalVIew; humerIobtuse, only slightly (F 195. 22, 53) prominent (fig. 27). Scutellar frenum longer than post·frenal portion; apex narrower than corium. Heteropus Spinola 1837:337 (homonym) Type spe· Scent gland ruga flat, spatulate, extending slightly cies: Heteropus lelebvrei Spinola. more than halfway to metapleuralmargin (fig 80) AcanthomeraMontrouzier 1864:225 (homonym). Type Base of abdomen with long compressed spme, species. Pentatoma melacanthum Boisduval clearly surpassing mesocoxae; abdominal apices (=Pentatoma [alieni Gu~rin-M{meville). spmulate. Profemora unarmed; protibia prismatic. MontlOuziel iellus KiIkaldy 1908.124 (Ieplacenrent Males withyentralabdominalglands. name). Diagnosis. RostruIll crassate. Juga and tylus of equallength, notconvergent. Anterolateralpronotal List of Species margins smooth, lackmg a margmal bead. Humeri stronglyproduced (fig. 22). Frenalportionofscutel· 1. Mecosoma coquerelii Signoret lumlonger thanpost frenalportion; apex narrower tlIan corium. Base of abdomen with Mecosoma coquerelii Signoret 1861:922 [Madagas­ short, forwardly directed, compressed spine. Api. car). ces of abdominal segment VII produced into short spine. Metasternum elevatedwithcarinatemargins, Distribution· Madagascar these carinae often pronounced. Scent gland ruga curved, attaining halfthe distance to metapleural References: Cachan (1952) [characters]. margin, surroundedby evaporatori· DIll (fig. 53). Profemora with sDbapieal spine 2. Mecosoma f10ridum Distant. Protibiae terete or subprismatic; metatibiae ter· ete. Males with pail' Ofsetose glandular patches on Mecosoma florida Distant 1890b:54 [Congo]. abdominal venter. Mooeooma {lericJum Sehouteden 1907b:63. Vol. 8, No.3 - 4, September - December, 1994 187

List of Species References: Sehouteden (1907b) [figure).

1. Montrouzieriellus borneensis (Distant) Materialexamined: New Guinea (1).

Platynopus borneensis Distant 1900c:696 [Borneo]. 4. Montrouzlertellus laetus (Walker) Platynopu.

References: China (1930) [distribution, biology], 6. Monfrouzlenel/us mmor(Ellenrelder) Dupuis (1952) [nomenclature]; Ruckes (1963) [char- acters, distributIOn];, Black (1968) [dIstributIOn). PlatynopusminorEllenreider 1862:135[Dutch indies] Platynopus (Acanthome,a) minor. Schouteden Materialexamined:AdmiraltyIs. (1), New Guinea 1907b:48. (6). Platynopus (Afont,ouzielellus) mino,. Kirkaldy 1909a: 12. 3. Monfrouzlenellus mermls (Schouteden) Distribution: Sumatra. Platynopus inermis Schouteden 1907a:51 [New guinea]. Platynopus (Acanthomera) inermis: Schouteden 1907b:48. Platynopus purparascens Walker 1868:530 [Ceram]. Platynopus (Montrouzierellus) inermis Kirkaldy Platynoplls (Acanthomera) pllrparascentr 1909a:11. SChouteden 19076:48 Platynoplis (Montrolizierelllls) pllrparascens· Distribution: New Guinea. Kukaldy 1909a: 12. 188 Insecta Mundi

Distribution.Mollucas. List of Species

8. fv1ontrouzieriellus tumen (Distant) NEW 1. Oechalia acuta Usinger COMBINATION Oechalia (Hawaiicola) acuta Usinger 1941:82 [Ha­ Platynopus turner! Distant 1911'351 [Queensland] waii]

Distribution:Australia. DIstrIbution: HawaIIan Is.

References: Distant (1911) [description]. References: Usinger (1941) [revision]; Zimmennan (1948) [figure]. Material examined: Queensland (1). Material examined: Female, no data (I) Oecha!ia 8t31 (Figs. 26, 79) 2. Oecha1la bryan; Usinger

Oechalia Still 1862:93. Type species: Arma Oechalia (Hawaiicola) bryani Usinger 1941:81 [Ha­ scheUenbergi Guerin Mene.ille ( Pentatoma waIi]. consocialis Boisduval). Oechalia subgenus Hawaiicola Kirkaldy 1909b:83. DistributIOn: HawaIIan Is. Type speeies: Asepusgriseus Burmeister. References:Usinger(1941) [revision]; Zimmennan Diagnosis: Rostrum crassate, extending only to (948) [figurel. mesocoxae; segment II longest, I, III and IV subequal; bucculae diminuitive, obsolescent be- Material examined: Male, no data (I) hind. Tylus andjuga equal in length, apices ofjuga convergent, constnctmgapexo£ tylus. Anterolateral 3. Oechalta ferrugmea Usinger pronotal margins rugulose; humeri angulate, pro duced; posterior angleslobate (fig. 26). Frenalmar­ OeJ:halia (Hawaiicola) ferruginea Usinger 1941:85 gin of scutellum longer than post·flenal pOl tion; [HawaIi] apex narrowed, much narrower than corium. Pro­ and m esosternurn concavely depressed; Distribution: Hawanan Is. metasternum weakly angularly produced. Anteroventral propleural carina terminating me­ References: Usinger(1941) [revision]; Zimmerman sially in short lobe just anterior to procoxae. Scent (1948) [figUle]. glandorifice slit·like, lackingauricle, rugaorsulcus (fig 79) Abdominal spine robust, long, extendingto 4. Oechalia gr;sea (Burmeister) mesocoxae. Lateral apices ofabdominal segments, including VII, minutelY aeute. Protibiae prismatiC; Asopusgnseus BurmeIster 1834:293 [Oahu]. profemora unarmed. Males lack setose abdominal Arma grisea Dallas 1851'97 patches. OeJ:halia grisea: StM 1862:93. Oechillia (lIil1llaiicola) gri.Qea· RIrkaJdy 1909b'H2 Remarks: I do not find sufficient grounds for maintamiilg a separate subgenus fur 0. schellen Distribution: Hawaiian Is. bergi and consider Hawaiicola Kirkaldy to be a junior synonym of Oechalia Stal. The geographic References:Kirkaldy (1909b) [taxonomy, figures]; distribution isinteresting. Oechaliaschellenbergiis Schumacher(1917) [eggs]; Swezey(1936) ~mmatures, common throughoutthesouthPacificincludingAus­ prey, figures]; Usinger(1941) [revision]; Heizer (1951) tralia, but not found in the Hawaiian Islands The (CytolOgY] other 13 species are found only in the Hawaiian Islands. In faet, it is the onlY pentatomid genus Material examined: Kauai (1) native to Hawaii. Vol. 8, No.3- 4, September - December, 1994 189

5. OecJ7alia J7i1tipes Val I Duzee mel, Heizer (1950) ley tology], Nuamah(1982) lcy tol­ ogy]. Oechalia hirtipes Van Duzee 1936:221 [Kilauea]. Materia) examined: Hawaii(12), Mauna(1), Kauai Distribution: Hawaiian Is. (3), Oahu (I)

References: Van Duzee (1936) [description]; 9 OechaHa schellenberg; (Guerin- Zimmerman (1948) (figure]. Meneville)

Material examined: Paratypes: Kaual & Hawall Pentatoma schellenbergi Guerin-Meneville (2) 1831:pI.11. fig. 9. Pentatoma consociale Boisduval 1835:630. 6 Oecbalia kaonohi Kirkaldy Pentatoma schellembergii Guthin-Meneville 1838:166. Oechalia (Hawaiicola) kaonohi Kirkaldy 1909b:83 AI ma schellembeJgii. Dallas 1851.98. [Hawaii]. Oechalia schellenbergii: Still 1862:93. Rhaphigaster pel'fectus Walker 1867.371. Oechalia consocialis: Still 1870:59. Distribution: Hawaiian Is. Oeehalia (Oeehalia) cel'l>8eeialis: Kirkaldy 1909b.25.

References: Kirkaldy (l909b) [description, fig­ Distribution:Australia, New Zealand, Tasmania, ~re]: ~wijzey (1936) [biology, figure]; Usinger(1941) 'Vv"ake Is. Gilbert Is , Marshall Is , Bora bora, Fiji, reVIsIOn. Tahiti, Phillipines.

Material examined: Kauai (21), Oahu (3), Maui References: Kirkaldy (1909b) [key, pre;]; USin~er (1) (1941) (revision], Woodward (1956) ls nonYI~y], Ruckes (963) [characters, distribution]; Gross 7. Oechalta paCifica Stal (1975) [characters, figure, prey]; Edwards & Suck­ ling (1980) [prey, development, fecundity]; AWan Arma pacifica StlH 1859:221 [Oahu]. (1988) [behavior, development]; Awan et al. (1989) Oechalia pacifica: StAI 1870:59. [preyloeation). Oechalia grisea var. pacifica: Kirkaldy 1909b:83. Oechalia

8. Oechalia patruelis (Stal) References: Usinger (1941) [revision]; ZiIllInennan (1948) [figUI e). Arma patruelis StAl 1859:220 [Oahu]. Oechat~a patruel~s Stll.I 1862:93. Oechalia (Hawaiicola) patruelis' IIsingQr 1941'62 11. Oechalia sinuata Usinger

Distribution: Hawaiian Is. Oechalia (Rawaiicola) sinuata IIsinger 1942·217 (Oahu]. References: Van Duzee (1936) [synonymy]; Usinger (1941) [revision]; Zimmerman (1948) [fig- Distribution: Hawallan Is. 190 Insecta Mundi

References: Zimmerman (1948) [keyed]. Parealda Sci loalede!I (Figs. 21, 78)

12. OechaLia suelJitoae Ush Igel Parealda SchoJlteden I HIl'h'4' Type speCies' Parealda bouvieri Schouteden Oechalia (Hawaiicola) suehiroae 11singer 1941'89 [Mani] Diagnosis: Rostrum crassate, attainingmetacoxae; segment III shghtIy longer than II, aIIriost tWIce Distribution: Ha'l..aiian Is. length ofPI; bucculaeattenuated. Juga andtylus of equal length. Antennifers with a swollen angular References:Usinger (1941) [:revision], ZinnnelInan tooth ven trally. Anterolateralpronotalmarginnar- (1948) [figure]. rowly calloused, crenulate on anteriorhalf; margin obsolescent on posteriOr half; humeri spinose, di- rectedslightly rearwards (fig. 21). Frenalportion of 13. Oechalia swezeyi Usinger scutellum longer than post-frenal portion; scutel­ lar apex narrower than corium. Meso- and Oechalia (Hawaiicola) swezeyi Usinger 1941:90 metasternum bicarinate, prolonged behind and in [Oahu). front between coxae, embracing rostrum in repose Scentgland ruga flat, spatulate, curved, extending Distribution: Hawaiian Is. shghtIy more than half way to metapleuralmargm; evaporatorium completelysurrounds ruga(fig. 78). References:Usinger(1941) [revision]; Zimmerman Base of abdomen with spine directed in apposition (1948) [figure] to sulcus in posterior metasternum. Connexival angles not produced except segment VI spinose. Profemora unarmed; protibia terete Males with- out setose abdominal glands. 14. OechaJia virescens Usinger

Oechalia (Hawaiicold) virescens Usinger 1941:17 1 Pa/eafda bouvie/i SclJouleden [Kauai]. Paroolda /}oulJIeri Schouteden 1907h'48 (Mariana Distribution: Hawaiian Is Is.].

References: OsingQr (1941) [revision]; Zimmerman Distribution: Mariana Is. (Saipan, Guam, Rota). (1948) [figure]. References: Ruckes (1963) [charaeters, distribu- Material examined: Oahu (1). tion, synonymy]. Material examined: Saipan (determined by H. Ruekes), Guam (1). 15 Decha/is virguLa van Dllzee

Oet;halia virgula Van Duzee 1936:220 [Hawaii). Peril/us Stal Oec1talia (Hawaiicola) virgula: Usinger 1941:72. Perillus Stfll 1862:88. Type species: Asopus confluens Distribution: Hawaiian Is. Herrich-Schaefl'er, designation by Schouteden (l907b). Mineus Stfll 1867:498. Type species: Podisus strigipes

Perilloides Schouteden 1907b:37. Type species: Cimex bioculatus F. Gordonerius Distant 1887:343. Type species: Oplomus Material examined. PaIatypes, Hawaii (3), Maui lineatus 'Nalker ( confluens Heuich-Schaeffer). (1); Also, Hawaii (1) Vol. 8, No.3 - 4, September - December, 1994 191

PiClomel us AlllYOt & Sel vi lie

icromerus m 0 bidens L., designated by Kirkaldy (1903:230). Cimex subgenus Picromerus: Still 1867:497. Cimex: Kirkaldy 1909a:4.

Diagnosis: Rostrum crassate, attainingmetacoxae; segmentIIlongest, III andIVsubequalandillcombI­ nation longer than II; bucculae prominent, united behmd. Juga and tylus subequal in length, l\nterolateral pronotal margin thick, crenulate to rugulose; humeral angles strongly spinose. usually with subapical denticle posteriorly (fig. 19). Frenal Remarks: Perillw; is a New World genus margin of scutellum longer than postfrenal part; Gordonenus DIstant (1900), based on Op16mus scuteIIar apex narrower than cormm. Scent gland lineatu8 Walker, with a supposed provenance of ruga flat, spatulate, extending half way to Abyssinia (Ethiopia) isin fact a specimenofPerillus metapleural margin and usually completely sur­ confluens Stal, a species common in Mexico (Tho- munded by evapoIatmium (fig, 71). Base of abdo- mas 1992). One species has been introduced into men with weak tubercle or prominence, not pro- Asia for biological control. truding between metacoxae, Profemur WIth anteapical spine; protibiae prismatic. Males with out glandular. setosepatches on abdominalventer, 1 Periitus bioculatus (F ) List of Species Cimex bioculatus Fabricius 1775:715 [America Bo­ realis]. 1, Picromerus bidens (L.) Pentatoma clanda Say 1825:312 [Missouri]. Perillu8 clautlu8 (sic): Uhler 1876:281 Cimex bidens Linnaeus 1758'443 Oplomu8 virgatus sun 1862:89 (Mexico). Cimex bilobu8 Schrank 1781:268 [Austria). :~a (t~ claudus: R~th'lon 1869: 549. Pentatoma bidens' Lat.relile 18114·188 en us wculatus: StA 1872: 129 Perilllls mrgatlls' Distant 1880'34 Mineus bioculatus: Uhler 1886:4. Jalla bidens: Spinola ~37;3~~ Perilloides blOclIlatlls' SChonteden 1907b·37 Stiretrus bidens: Blanc ara ;0:153. Perillus bioculatus var. claudus: Caesar 1912:33. Picromerus bidens: Am;ot & Serville 1843:84 PeriliUlI biocltlatlJ,q' Knight 1952'229 PiC/ome, us/uscoannul tus StAI 1858.176 [Siberia]. Aso us Picromerus bidens: Flor 1860:92.

Russia, Yugoslavia, [Introduced], Pic, ollie, us longicollis Jakovlev 1902b.335 [Vladivostok]. References: Knight (1924) [color pattern, prey); Picrome, us bidens subsp. fuscoannulatus. lrer zhner Knight (1952) [revisionJ; Franz & Szmidt (1960) 1964:187. [hiocontrol); Shagov (1968) [thermal biology]; .Tasic (1975) [life cycle, preyJ; Shagov (1977) [temperature Distribution:Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Aus­ preferencesJ; Nuamah(1982) [cytologyJ; Volkovitch et tria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Canada, China, Czecho- al. (1991) (development. diapause).

Material examined'UnitedStates sia, Siberia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UnitedStates.Yugoslavia, 192 Insecta Mundi

References. Villiers (1945) (characters, figure], 4. Picromerus fasciaticeps ZtJellQ & Liu Mayne & Breny (1947) [eggs, ecology]; Vidal (1949) [Key, characters]; DupUIS (1949) [hfe cycle, Picromerus fasciaticeps Zheng & Liu 1987a: 181 immaturQs, charactQrs, key]; Dupuis (1952) [dorso [Yunnan]. ahdominalglands); Leston(1955) [life cycle); Groves (1956) (booa\' ior, immatures]; Scudder(1959) [female Distribution. China. genitalia]; Dupuis(1959) [maleparandria]; Puchkova (1961) [eggs figured]; Massee (1962) [habitat, prey]; References: Zheng & Liu 1987a [original descrip­ Kerzhner(1964) [synonymy]; Pllcbkova(1961) [eggs]; tion] Mayne (1965) [prey, fIgure]; Wagner (1966) [key, characters, figure]; Josuo\' & Kerzhner(1978) [keys, 5. Picromerus griseus (Dallas) figure]; Nuamah (1982) [cytology]; Javahery (1986) [biology]; Tamanini(1988) (key, figure]; Lariviere & Canthecon a gn'lea Ilallas 1851'92 [provenance un- Larochelle (1989) [distribution,bionomics]; Ahmad& known] Onder (199Ob) [figure, key]. Pwromerus obtusus Walker 1867: 133 [Hmdustan]. Picromerus nigrivitta Walker 1867: 133 [Silhet]. Material examined: Canada (2), Germany (2), Picromerus sundanus Breddin 1902:96 [Java]. Italy (2), Spain (1), Belgium (1), Hungary (1), Picromerus:;iseus: Schouteden 1907b:25. Switzerland (2), France (3), Austria (1), Soviet Cimex obtull . Kirkaldy 1909a.5. Cimex sundanus: Kirkaldy 1909a:5. Union (1). Distribution: Bangladesh, Burma, China, India, 2. Plcromerus brachypferus Ahmad & Indonesia, Java, Pakistan. Crider References: Distant (1902) [characters, figures]; Pieromerus braehypterus Ahmad & Onder 1990b:77 Yang (1934) [keyed, characterized]; Yang (1962) [Turkey]. [figure]; Rishi & Abbasi (1973) [characters, figure]; Hsiao et aI. (1977) [keyed, figures, photo]; Zhang Distribution: Turkey. (1985) [characters, eggs, figure].

References' Abmad & Onder (1991 Jb) [description, Material examined: Indonesia (5), Ja""a (2). key, figure]. 6. Picromerus lewisi Scott 3. Picromerus conformis (Herrich- Schaeffer) Picromerus lewisi Scott 1874:293 [Japan]. Picromerus angusticeps Jako.le. 1880:212 [Amur). Asopus conformis Herrich-Schaeffer 1841:72 ['fur- Picromerus vicinus Signoret 1880:34. [peking). key]. Pieromerus similis Distant 1883: 421 (Japan]. Canthecona conformis: Baerensprung 1860:5. Cimex angusticeps: Kirkaldy 1909a:4. PiC/omel us con/ol mis. Mulsallt 1866.343. Cimex lewisi: Kirkaldy 1909a:5. Cimex con/ol mis SHU 1870.46. Cimex similis: Kirkaldy 1909a:5. CImex Vlcmus: Kirkaldy 1909a:5. Distribution:Albania, Azerbaijml, Bulgaria, Czecho- slovakia, Finland, Hungary, Italy, Turkey, Switzer- Distribution: China, Japan, Korea, Siberia. land, RHs~ua, Yugoslavia. References: Yang (1934) [keyed, characterized]; References:Vidal (1949) [key, characters]; Wagner Esaki (1952) [characters, figure], Miyamoto (1965) (1966) [key]; JOStloV (1970) [habitat, distribution]; Gollner-Scheiding & Arnold (1988) [distribution]; Abmad & Onder (199Ob) [key, figure] (characters, fIgure).

Material examined: Hungary (1). Material examined. Japan (5), China (7), Korea (1). Vol. 8, No.3 - 4, September - December, 1994 193

7. Picromerus nigridens (F.) Materialexamined:China (5).

C~mex mgndens FabriCIus 1803:156. Pinfhaeus Stal ~rma ni#!id;s' ~in~Ja ~~~7:~~7 (Figs. 38, 65) sopus mgrl: ens: os a 1 :3 . CImex Sllb~enllS Pint~ru:"s SHII 1867'497 Type species' CImex sanglllnlpes F Cimex (picromerus) nigridens: StAI 1868:16.

Distribution: Albania, Algeria, Austria, Crete, Diagnosis: Rostrum crassate; segment II longest, France, Italy, Morroco, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, III andIV subequal; bucculae prominently elevate, Yugoslavia. bIief, telminating abmptly. Juga rongel than, and convergentinfrontof, tylus. Anterolateralpronotal References: Villiers (1945) (ehalllctels, figme], margins calloused, sinuate, crenulate; humeri Vidal (1949) [key, chaIacteIs); Dupuis (1949) DlOSt plants!, distribution, key]; Wagner (1966) [key]; Servadei(196'7) (distributiOn]; JosifOv (197 11) (distri- bution]; Tamanini (1981) [figure]; Nuamah (1982) narrow, slightly curved, its apex effaced, attaining (cytology]; Ahmad & Onder (1990b) [key, eharae slightly more than half-way to metapleural mar- ters]. gin, not completely surrounded by evaporatorium (fIg. 65). Prosternum WIth flat meSIal carma. Mat.erial examined: France (2) MQtastQrnum somQwhat QIQ'latQd. Base of abdo men with short tubercle directed anteriorly in 8. Pioromerus orientalis Rishi & Abbasi apposition to metastelnum. Connexival angles ob- tuse. Profemora with anteapical spine; ectal mar­ gin orsuperiorsurfaceofprotibia strongly carinate Picromerus orientalis Rlshi & AbbaSI 1973: 193 [pa­ kistan]. Males lack selose abdominal patches.

Distribution- Pakistan List of Species

References: Rishi & Abbasi (1973) [original de 1. Pmfhaeus humera/iS Horvath scription]. Pinthaeus humeralis Horvath 1911:432 [Chma]. 9. PiCromerus pseudObldens Ahmad & Onder Distribution: China.

Picrom€7'uspseudobidens Ahmad & Onder 199Ob:81 [Turkey). References: Horvath (1911) [description, figUle), Yang (1934) [characterized, figure]; Hsaio et al. Distribution: Turkey. (1977) [figure, key).

References: Ahmad & Onder (1990b) [original Material examined: China (4). description, figures].

10. Picromerus viridipunctatus Yang 2. Pmthaeus sangwmpes (Fabricius)

Picromerus lIiridipllnctatll.• Yang 1934'104 Cimex sanguinipes Fabricius] 78] ·344 [Europe] Pentatoma sanguinipes: Latreille 1804: 188. Distribution- China Asopus sanguinipes: Herrich·Schaeffer 1839:101.

References: Yang (1934) [description, keyed, fig- ured]; Yang(l962) [figure]; Hsiaoetal. (1977) [keyed, iIgures,photo). 194 Insecta Mundi

Distribution:Austria, Belgium, China, Czechoslo­ Pfalynopietlus NEVi GENUS vakia, Denmark France, German~ Greece, Hun­ (Figs. 41, 44, 72) gary, Italy, Jap;n, Korea, Nethe lands, Poland, Tor~lgaLRuSSi~, ~iberia, Spain, Switzerland,Syria, PlatynopiellusType Species: Pentatoma 17-maculata ur ey, Yugos aVIa. Palisot de Beauvois (=septendecimaculata).

References: Villiers (1945) [characters, figure]; Diagnosis· Rostrum crassate Tylus and juga of Vidal (1949) [characters], Dupuis (1949) [key, life equallength,notconvergent. Anterolateralpronotum cycle, prey, host plants, figure]; Esaki (1952) [char- sinllate to sllbrectilinear with a narrowly carinate acters, figure]; Miyamoto (1965) [figure]; Wagner margmaIbeadorobtusecarmaattendedby acontIgu­ (1966) (characters, figure]; Servadei (1967) (distri ous rowofpunctures. Humeriproducedornot. Frenal bution]; Hsaio et a!. (1977) [key, figure]. portion ofscutellum longerthanpost-frenalportion; apexnarrowerthaneOl'ium (fig. 41). 8eentglandruga Material examined: Yugoslavia (1), Japan (3), flat, curved, attaining slightly more than half dis- China (2). tanee to metapleural margin; surrounded by evaporatorium(fig.72).Baseofabdomenwithastout, Planopsis Schouteden for wardly directed spine projecting between the metacoxae sometimes reachin~themesocoxae'1::i­ (Figs 23, 73) cesofabdo;;;inalsegmentVII pr ducedasshortsp=e. Profemora with anteapical spine; protibia foliat.e or Planopsis Schouteden 1907b:49. Type species: with a carinatemargin onplanarsurface; metatibia Platynepu8 silvatieus Distant. SilIcateorprismatiC Maleswithpaii'OfpilOse glandu- larpatcheson abdominalventer. Diagnosis: Host! urn crassate, attaining base of abdomen; segment II longest, III and IVsubequal; Remarks:ThisgenuscontainsthoseMricanrepre- tylus and juga of equal lengtb Anterolateral sentatives ofthe old genus Platynopu8. The genera pronotalmargin narrowlycalloused, sinuatelycon- differ inthestructureofthethorax. InPlatynopiellus cave m dorsal VIew. Humen angularly produced, the thorax is dorso-ventrally compressed, such that apices obtuse (fig. 23). Frenal portion of seutellum thereis always an anterolateralmargin, althoughit longer than post-frenal part; apex narrower than may lack more than a vestige of a marginal bead, corium. Scent gland ruga flat, narrow, spatulate; separatingthedorsalandventralaSllects (fig 44) In narrowly surrounded by evaporatorium (fig. 73). thetruePlatynopus, species restrictedtotheorient, Mesosternum WIth flat mesialcarina. Metasternum t.be thoraxis dorso-ventraJly robust, not compressed, subelevated. Base of abdomen with compressed and there is no marginal delineation between the tubercle directed in apposition to metasternum. dorsum andventer. Connexivalapices obtuse, notproduced. Profemora armate with preapicalspine; ectal margin ofsupe­ List of Species rior face ofprotihiae weakly carjnate Males lack pilose abdominal glands. 1. P/afynopiellus de/eva/i (Schouteden)

1. Pfanopsis sHvatica (Distant) Platynopusdelevali Schouteden 19 I (,. 4113 [Mayu robe]

Platynopus silvatica Distant 1890c'475 Distribution· ZaIre Canthecona distanti Schouteden 1905: 141. Ciwthecona SllvatlCa' SChouteden 1905'145 References: Sehouteden (1910) [deseription). Planopsis silvatica: Schouteden 1907b:49. 2. P/atynopiellus dispar (Schouteden) Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Zaire. Platynopus dispar Schouteden 1916:280 [Congo]. Platynopus dispar ~ ar. trisignata Sehouteden References: Schouteden (1907b) [description, fig­ 1964:206. ure]; Villiers (1952) [characters, figure) Distribution: Cameroon Ivo Coast Zaire. Vol. 8, No.3 - 4, September· December, 1994 195

References: Schouteden (1964) (chalactels, distli· References. Schouteden (1909) (taxonomicstatus). bution]; Linnavouri(1982) [distribution]. 7. Platynoplellus septendeclmaculatus Material examined: Cameroon (1) (Beauvois)

3. PJatynopieJlus 'aJ/ax (Schouteden) Cimex rostratlts Drury 1782'59 [Africa] [Homonym] Cimex ealen s Fabricius 1803'163 [Homonym] Platynopus/allax Schouteden 1904:139 [Uganda]. Pentatoma 17-maeulata Pahsot de Beauvois Platyn opus (Aean th omera) fallar.· Schollteden 18)]-11 2 [Africa] 190'lb:48. Asopus caIens: HerrIch-Schaener 1844: 11'I. Platyn opu.. (Man trouzierellu.•) fallar:' Ki rkaldy Platynopu.• rostratuS' Dallas 1851·87 1909a:11. Platynopus booms Walker 1867:125 [Old Calabar]. Platynopus trijunctus Walker ]867'] 25 [West Af- DIstributIon: Cameroon, Uganda, Ivory Coast. rica]. Platynopus optabilis Walker 1867:126 [West AI- References: Gillon (1972) [collection record]. rica). Platynopus I osh atus val. ttijunctus. Distant 1900a:56 Material examined: Cameroon (20). Platynopus rosh atus vaI. optabilis. Distant 1900a:56. 4. PlatynopielJus horvathi (Schouteden) Platyrwpusparvus Distant 1900a.56 [Sierra Leone]. Platynopus (Acanthomera) rostratus: Schouteden Platynopus Horvathi Schouteden 1904.139 1907b:48. [Kibosho]. Platynopus (Montrouzierellus) 17-maculatus: Platynopus (Acanthamela) Hoi oathi. Schouteden Kirkaldy 1909a:12. 1907b:48. Platynopus 17-punctata (sic) Schouteden 1943:325. Platynapus ("'Janet auziel eUus) hoi oathi. KiIkaldy Platynopus parvulus (sic): boston 1952b:894. 1909a:11. Distribution: Cameroon, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Distribution. CamelOon, LibeIia, Zaire. Kenya, NigeIia, Siena Leone, Sudan, Uganda, Zaire. References: Villiers (1952) [distribution]; Linnavouri (1982) [distribution]. References: Schouteden (1911) [synonymy]; Dis­ tant (19003) [synonymy]; Villiers (1952) [charae 5 PLatynopielfus leichi (Siglloret) tel's ofrostratus, figure]; Linna-v'ouri (1975) [distri bution]; Linnavouri(1982) [habitat]. Plat)'nepus Reiehii Signoret 1858:276 [Ethiopia]. Platynopus (Acanthomera) Reichii: Schouteden Materialexamined:Ghana(3), Zaire (6), Cameroon 1907b:48. (140), Kenya(1), Uganda(1). Platynopus (Montrouzierellus) reichii: Kirkaldy 1909a'12 8. PJatynopie,','us thomsonii (Signoret)

DIstrIbution: Cameroon, EthIOpIa, Ghana, Gumea, Platynopus Thomsonii Signoret 1858:277 [West Af- Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Togo. flea] Platynopus (Acanthomera) thomsonii: Schouteden References: Schouteden (1964) [distribution]; 1907b'48 Linnavouri(1982) [habitat, distribution]. Platynopus (Montrouzierellus) thomsonii: Kirkaldy 1909a:12. Material examined: Ghana (1), Cameroon (1). DIstrIbutIon: Cameroon, Ghana, Gumea, Ivory 6 PLatyoopiellus sGutellatus (Distant) Coast , Nigeria, Zaire.

PlatynGpus seutellatus Distant 1900a:57 [Bopoto]. References: 'Villiels (1952) fchaIactels, distIibu- tion]; Medler(1980) [distribution]; Linnavouri(1982) Distribution: Zaire. [distribution]. 196 Insecta Mundi

Material examined: CameIOon (6), Nigeria (1), DistribuLion. Phillipines, Indonesia. Ghana (2). References: SChouteden (1908) [synonymy]; Lesron Platynopus Amyot & Serville (1953b) [nomQnclaturQ]. (Figs. 25, 82) Material examined: Phillipines (1). PlatynepU8 Amyot &; Serville 1843: P1.3, fig 9. Type species: Platynopu8 varius Amyot & Serville 4. Pfatynopus indicus Chaterjee ( mdanoleucus Westwood), designated hy Kirkaldy (1903:230). Platynopu8 indicu8 Chaterjee 1934:24 [India].

Diagnosis: Rostrum crassate; segment II longest, Reference: Chaterjee (1934) [description, fig­ HI and IV subequal. Juga and tylus subequal in ure]. length. Anterolateral pronotal margins obtuse. Frenum longer than post·frenal part of scutellum DistributIOn: India. (fig 25) Scent glandruga long, reaching more than half-way to metapleuraI margm (fIg. 82). Mesos­ 5. Plafynopus melanoleucus (Westwood) ternum with a weaklyelevatedcarina; metasternum subelevated, sometimes with lateral margins cari­ Aelia melanoleuca Westwood 1837:33 [Java]. nate: Baseofabdomen with shOI t tubercle apposing Platynopu8 vanu8 Amyot & servIlle 1843:'19, PL3, metasternum Apex of last connexival segment fig 9 producedacuminateortuberculate. ProfemoraWith Platynopu8 melanoleucu8 Dallas 185I: 8 I. antQapical spinQ; protibia dilatQd foliatQ. MalQs Platynopu8 pQl)lgraphlL8 Walker 1867'126 [Ceraro] with pilose abdominal glands. Platynopus (Platynopus) melanoleucus: SChouteden 1907b:47. List of Species Distribution· Celebes, Java,Moluccas, Phillipines, Sumatra, Taiwan. 1. Pt'afynopus caIHgel Horvatll References: Kirkald~ ~1903) [nomenclature]; PlatynopU8 calliger Horvath 1911' 430 [Talallr Is 1 Schouteden (l907b) [fi u e].

Distribution: Indonesia. Material examined: Bouro? (I), IndoneSia (14), PhilliPines (7), Taiwan (1), Samar Is. (1). References: Horvath (1911) [description). Ponapea Ruckes 1963 (Fig. 9) 2. Platynopas carbonarias Horvath P6napea Ruckes 1963'326 Type speCIes' Ponapea Platynopus carbonarius Horvath 1911: 431 [Java] arochnoide.• Ruckes 1963

Distribution: Java. Diagnosis· Rostrum subcrassate, QxtQnding to third abdommaI segment; segment II longest, but References: Horvath (19]]) [description] shorter that III and IV combined, III and IV subequal; juga and tylus of equal length. 3. Platynopus dalpadoides (Vollenhoven) AnteIUlateral margins prominently serrate, hu- meri angular and modestly produced but not spi- Gynenlca dalpadoldes Vollenhoven 186/: 1/8. nose (fIg. 9). Frenal margm of scutellum tWice as [MolJucas). long as post frenal portion; apex narrower than a Ptatynopus tagalicus StAl 1870:39 (phIlhpmes). corium. Hemelytralmembranereducedinproportion Plat;no~us <[latynopus) dalpadoides: Schouteden to coriam. Mesostemum shallowly, longitudinally 90 b:4 . sulcate; metasternum hexagonal, weakly concave. Scent gland ruga flat, elevated, not extending half Vol. 8, No.3 - 4, September - December, 1994 197 way to pleural maIgin, not sUIIounded by List of Species evaporatorium Base of abdomen with minute tu- berele. Connexival apIces subnodular. Profemora 1. Pseudanasida (aI/ax Schouteden with minute anteapical tubercle; meso- and metafemora with low anteapical nodes. TIbiae Pseudanasida fallax Schouteden 1907a:38 prismatic. Males with setose glandular patehes on [Trichinopoh] each side of abdomen. Distribution: India. Remarks· The one species is sma]] (ca 8 mm length), WIth long spmdly legs. References: Schouteden (1907b) [figure]; Distant (1908) [descIiption, figule]; Ahmad & Kamaluddin 1. Ponapea arachnoides Ruckes (1983) [characters].

Ponapea arachnoides Ruckes 1963'326 [ponape] 2. Pseudanasida ikrami (Ahmad & Kamaluddin) [New Combination]. Distribution: Caroline Is. Anasida ikrami Ahmad & Kamaluddin 1983:75 References: Ruckes (1963) [description, figure]. [Kodagehalli].

Material examined: Holotype m AMNH. Distribution: Pakistan.

Pseudanasida Schouteden References: Ahmad & Kamaluddin (1983) [origi­ (Fig. 13) nal descriptiOn, figure].

Pseadunusidu Schouteden 1907a.38. Type species. Rhacognathus Fieber [allax Schouteden. (Figs. 28, 83) Diagnosis: Rostrum crassate; segment IV much Rhacognathus Fieber 1860:81. Type species: Cimex longer than III, segment II subequal to III and IV punctatusL combined. TYlus and juga Of equal length. Eyes situated proximal to anterior angle of pronotum. Diagnosis' Rostrum crassate, short, extending on~' Anterolateral margin erenulate, sinuate in dorsal tomesocoxae; segmentIIlongest, subequaltoIII and view; humed angulaI, prominent. Frenal pOItion IV combined, segment III and PI subequal 01' PI of scutellum longer than post-frenal portion; apex shorter; bucculae stron~Lv elevated. Ju:alon;erthan narrower than corium (fig 13) Scent gland ruga tylus conveIging at~ contigaoa ant dody. narrow, strongly curved, elongate, reaching more nalventerprominentbutwithout a distincttubercle. Connexivalanglesobtuse. PwfemoIawith anteapical spine;protibiaprismat.ic Maleslackpiloseabdominal glands.

Remarks: The fundamental difference between Pseudanasida and Anasida is the almate PIOfe­ moraoftheformer. Basedon thischaracteristic the species Anasida ikrami Ahmad & Kamaluddin be­ lOngs inPseudanasida. Ahmad& BamalUddin com- pared their new species with P. fallax and found only slight differences in the proportions of the Remarks: Rhacognathus 18 a holarctlc genus hav­ rostral segments. Itis not clearwhy they elected to ingone Northf..meriean species. Josifov & Kerzhnel' place their new species in Anasida rather than (1978) provide a key to the Eurasian species. Evi­ Pseudanasida dently unknown to them, Hsiaoetal. (1977)pablished 198 Insecta Mundi a description of an additional species, R. corniger Distribution. Afghanistan, Albania, Austria, Bel· from China. I suspectthatR.cornigerandR.lamellifer gium. Bulgaria, China, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, JOSllOV & Kerzhner are synonymous. Both authors England, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hun· cite the robust humeri as the primary character gary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Neth· separatmgIttrom theotherknown speCIes. erlands, RUSSIa, SIberia, Spam, Sweden, Yugosla­ via. List of Species References: Schouteden (1907b) [figure], Yang 1. Rhacognathus cal,'osus Horvath ~~:;!~;l~~:~~;~~;;:,;I~:r~i:~~~~~:f;~r;~ Rhacognathus callosus Horvath 1903'408 [Siberia] ~ey]; Vidal t949) lc~arac~rs]; Dupuis (1949) Lstribution, ey, prey, ostpants]; Massee (1962) Distribution: Mongolia, Siberia [hibemation]; Kerzhner(1964) [sy nony my ]; Mayne (1965) [biology, figure]; Wagner (1966) [charac· References: Josifov & Kerzhner (1978) [key]. ters, figure], Josifov (1970) [habitat, distribution], Hsiao et a1 (1977) [keyed, characters, figures, 2. Rhacognathus corniger Hsiao & Zheng photo]; JosIfov & Kerzhner (1978) [key, fIgure]. (1), (2), Rhacognathus corniger Hsiao & Zheng 1977:88 Material examined: Germany Hungary [China]. China (2).

Distribution: China. StlTbotes Stal (Figs 7,48) References: Hsiaoetal. (1977) [description, figures, photo] StilbQtBS StAl 1871:620. Type spellies: sBmpBri StAl.

3. Rhacognathus lamellifer Josifov & Diagnosis: Rostrum semicrassate, extending to Kerzhner metasternum, segment II subequal to III and IV combined, III andIVsubequal; bucculae prominent RhacognathuslamelliferJosifov & Kerzhner 1978:184 though very brief; confmed to head anteriOr to [Korea]. antennifers. Jugalonger than tylus. Headcylindri- eal, elongate; eyes peduneulate, distantly separat Distrihut.ion: Korea ed from pronotum. Prollotum subcylindrical with medial transverse constriction; anterolaterally ob· References: JOSllOV & Kerzhner [descriptiOn, fig tuse, with weak vestigeofmarginal carina; humeral ure]. angles elongated as terete spines (fig. 7). Base of scutellum gibbous with two subconiCal tubercles; 4 Rbacognatblls pllnctatus (L ) frenal margin longer than post·frenalportion; apex narrower thancorium. P05teriormargin ofhemelytral Gimw punetatu8 Linnaeus 1758:444 [Europe]. cOlium rectilineal. Mesosternum with low, obtuse, Cimex variegatus Goeze 1778:235 [Homonym]. longitudinal carina. Metasternum hexagonal, not Cimex alu'I,ularis Geoffrey 1785:215. elevate, impressed lateraJly Orificial peritreme or Eysarcoris punctatus Hahn 1834:69. scentglandforming elongate,subrectangular,convex Pentatoma punetatum: HeFFillR SllRaeffeF 1835:56. plate, extending to metapleural margin. Asopus punctatus: Burmeister 1835:378. Evaporatorium restrictedtonarrow strip alongante· rior margin ofperitreme (fig. 48). Base ofabdomen unarmed Connexivalmarginssuhcalloused, sutural rrna punc a um: 0 ena 1 4: . apices inconspicuous. All femora with node·like ~icrona ~nctat~. Sah~b~rg ~48'i!) sopus( tcrona punc a us: or ~0:91. anteapiCal swelling. EctalmarginOf superiOI' surfaCe Rhacognathus punctatus: Fieber 1861:347 ofprotibia with arcuatecarina; meso· andmetatibiae Rhacognathus distinctus Schouteden 1907a:36 prismatic. Males with setoseglandular patchon each [Mongolia]. sideofabdomen. Eysarcoris punctatus: China 1943:287. Vol. 8, No.3· 4, September· December, 1994 199

1. Sti/botes semper; Sli!!1 Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Ire land, Italy, Java, Korea, Netherlands, Norway, Po- Shlbotes sempen Still 1871:620 LPhI1hpmes]. land, Russia, Siberia, Sweden, Switzerland.

Distribution: PhI1Iipmes. References: DIstant (1902) [characters, fIgures]; Yang (1934) [characters, figure]; Brohmer (1944) References: Schouteden (1907b) [figure). [figure]; Villiers (1945) [characters, figure]; Dupuis (1949) [life cycle, pIey, host plants], "Vidal (1949) Material examined: PhiJ1ipines (1) [characters]; Dupuis (1959) [male parandria]; Puchkova (1961) [eggs fIgured]; Mayne (1965) [habI­ Troilus Stal tat, prey, figure]; Wagner (1966) [characters, fig (Figs. 40, 49) ure]; HSIao et ai. (1977) [characters, photo]; Tamanini (1988) [keyed, figure]. Podisus subgenus Troilus 8t&1 1867.498. Type spe- cies, Cimex luridus F. Material examined: GeImany (7), Belgium (2) Java (1) Diagnosis: Rostrum crassate, attaining base of abdomen; segment II longest., TIl longer t.han IV 2. Troilus testaceus Zheng & Liu Bucculae very short, confined to anterior part of head. Juga dlstmctIy longer than tylus, but not Tro£tus testaceus Zheng & LlU 1987a:182, fig. 2. convergent. Anterolateral pronotal margins den [Yunnan] ticulate anteriorly, explanate posteriorly; humeri prominent, obtuse (fig. 40). Frenum shorter than Distribution: China. post-frenal part of scutellum; apex narrower than corium Scent gland ruga reaching slightly more References: Zheng & biu 1987a (original descrip than halfway to metapleuralmargin (fig. 49). Base tion]. ofabdomen withshortcylindricalspine. Connexival angles not produced. Profumora unarmed, protibia Zicrona Amyot & Serville prismatic. Males without pilose abdominal glands. (Figs. 12, 68)

List of Species Zicrona Amyot & Serville 1843:86. Type species: Cimex Gaerulea L., designated by Kirkaldy (1903·230). 1. Troifus ,'uridus (F.) Diagnosis: Rostrum subcrassate, extending to C£mex lundus FabrlclUs 11/5:'101 [Europe). metacoxae; segmentII longest, III andIVsubequal, Cimex serrulatus Muller 1776·105 II ShOI tel than III andIVcombined, bucculae brief, Cimex dentatus Schrank 1781:268. modestly elevate, continuous behindrostrum. Juga Cimex be'::ellinus Gmelin 1788:2148. Cimex me or Fabricius 1194:98. and tylns Of equal length Anterolateral pronotal Pentatoma lurida. Latreille 1804: 188. margins obtuse, weakly sinuate in dorsal view; Arma lurida: Hahn 1832:97. humeri not prominent (fig. 12). Frenal margin of Asopus lu,idus. Burmeister 1835.319. scutellum about aslong as post-ftenal pOI tion; apex Pentatoma sublurida: Westwood 1837:41. narrower than corium. Metasternum not elevate. Asopus (Podisus) lUi idus. Flol 1860.95. Ant.erior and posterior margins of orificial Podisusluridus: Mulsant & Rey 1866:347. peritremeofmetapleuralscentglanddiverging and St~1 Podisus (11 oilus) lUi idus. 1868.17. evanescent; lateralmarginofperitremeobsolescent. Troilusluridus var. angusta Reuter 1881:156. PodisusIUf'idus" ar. angustus. &houteden 1907b.68. Ev apOIatorium IepIesentedby nanow stripsattend- Arma luridus var. angustus: Kirkaldy 1909a:23. ing anterior and posterior margins of orificial Arm!! eleeter: N\lamah 1982:20. peritreme (fig. (8). Base of abdomen unarmed Connexivalangles notproduced. Seventhabdominal Distribution: Austria, Belgium, Burma, China, tergiteprodJIced, lObatepostenOrly, projectingbeyond Czechoslovakia, Denmark, England,Finland,France, genitalia. Profemora unarmed; tibiae terete. Males lack pilose abdominalglands. 200 Insecta Mundi

List of Species References. Chopra& Sucheta(1984) [description, figures] 1. Zicrona caerulea (L.) Literature Cited Cimex caeruleus Linnaeus 1758:445 [Europe]. Pentatoma caerulenm' Tlgny 1802'299 Abasa, R.O. &W.M. Mathenge. 1974. Laboratory studies of the biology and food requirements of Macrorhaphis acuta [Hemiptera: Pentatoma violacea Westwood 1837:39 £3engal]. Pentatomidae]. Entomophaga 19. 213·218. Stiretru8 caeruleu8. Blanchard 1840: 10 . Zicrona caerulea: Am~ot & Serville 1843:86. Zicrona illu8tri8 Amit & Serville 1843.81. Abbasi, Q.A. & Z. Rishi. 1974. Eine neue Zicrona cuprea: Dallas 1851:108 [Hudson's Bay]. paHiarktische Wanzen·Art der Gattung Cazira aus Pakistan (IIeteroptera: Pentatomidae). Distribution: Afghanistan, Algeria, Austria, Entomol. Zeit. 84. 41·44. Azerbaijan, Belgium, England, Finland, Egypt, CzeChoslovakia, Italy, France, Germany, Greece, Ahmad, I., Q.A. Abbasi & AA Kban 1974 Ireland, Netherlands, Syria, Israel, Russia, China, Generic and supergeneric keys with reference Mongolia, Pakistan, Morroeo, Japan, Korea, Tai to a checklist of Pentatomid fauna Of Pakistan wan', Malaysia, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, (Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea) with notes on Spain, Portugal, Pakistan, Vietnam, Burma, India, their distribution and food plants. Supp!. ,lava, Sumatra, Borneo, Iran, Bulgaria, Vngosla· Entomol. Soc. Karachi. No. 1. 103 pp. via, North America. Ahmad, t. & S. Kamaluddin. 1983. A new species References: Distant (1902) [figures. characters); of Anasida Karsch (Pentatomidae: Kirkaldy (1903) [nomenclature], Schumacher (1917) Pentatominae. Asopini) with the fnst I eeord of [eggs]; Baker (1931) [male genitalia]; Yang (1934) thegenusfrom Pakistan. PakistanJ. Zoo!' 15:75· [characters];Villiers (1945) [prey,figure]; Vidal(1949) 78. lCharact~m;]; Dupuis (1949) IPrey, host plants, lite cycle]; Kobayashi (1951) [eggs, immatures, figure]; Ahmad, I. & F. Onder. 1990a. Revision of the Esaki& Ishihara(1951) [dishibution); Dupuis (1952) genus Arma Hahn (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: [dorso·abdominalglands]; Esaki(1952) [characters, Pentatominae: Asopini) with description oftwo figure]; Gomez·Menor (1956) (figure, prey]; Dupuis new speciesfrom Turkey. Turk. Entomol. Derg. (1959) lm ale parandria]; Pnchkova (1961) (eggs fig. 14' 3·12 ured]; Yang(1962) [figure]; Massee (1962) [hiberna· tion]; Miyamoto (1965) [figure]; Mayne(1965) [prey, Ahmad, I. & F. Onder. 1990b. ,A£ revision Of the habitat]; McDonald(l966) [genitalia]; Ahmadeta!' genus Picromerus Amyot and Serville (1974) [biology, figUIe], Hsiaoetal. (1977) (dmraeters, (llemiptera. Pentatomidae. Pentatomillae. photo]; Larochelle(1979) [biology]; Zhang(1985) [char. Asopini) from western Palaearcticwith descrip· acters, figure]. Tamallllll(1988) [keyed, fIgure]. tion of two new species from Turkey. Turk. Entomol Derg 14' '75·84 Materialexamined: Italy (2), Hungary (1), Russia (1), Austria(1), France(3), Iran(3), India(1), Pakistan Ahmad, I. & N.,A1• Rana. 1988. ,"1 revision of the (1), China (11), Korea (2), Okinawa (1), Japan (4), genus CantheconaAmyot & Serville (Hemiptera: Borneo (1), Malaysia (1), Indonesia(3). Pentatomidae. Pentatominae. Asopini) from Indo· Pakistan subcontinent with description of two 2. Zicrona hisarensis Chopra & Sucheta new speciesfrom Pakistan.TurkiyeBitkiKoruma Derg 12: 75 84. Zicrona hi,9arensi,Q Chopra & 811cheta 1984'40 [Hlsar]. Amyot, C.J. & J.G. Serville. 1843. Histoire Naturelle des Insectes, Hemipteres Paris DistrIbutIon: IndIa. Vol. 8, No.3· 4, September - December, 1994 201

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