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After the Earthquake Hit, the Governor of Iwate Prefecture Requested the Dispatch of Ground Self-Defense Force (SDF) Troops to Assist in Disaster Relief
& Gijs Berends (eds) Berends & Gijs Al-Badri Dominic AFTER THE How has Japan responded to the March 2011 disaster? What changes have been made in key domestic policy areas? GREAT EaST JAPAN The triple disaster that struck Japan in March 2011 began with the most powerful earthquake known to have hit Japan and led to tsunami reaching 40 meters in height that GREAFTER THE EaRTHQUAKE devastated a wide area and caused thousands of deaths. The ensuing accident at the Fukushima-Daiichi nuclear power POLITICAL AND POLICY CHANGE plant was Japan’s worst and only second to Chernobyl in its IN POST-FUKUSHIMA JAPAN severity. But has this triple disaster also changed Japan? Has it led to a transformation of the country, a shift in how Japan functions? This book, with fresh perspectives on extra- Edited by ordinary events written by diplomats and policy experts at European embassies to Japan, explores subsequent shifts A Dominic Al-Badri and Gijs Berends in Japanese politics and policy-making to see if profound T changes have occurred or if instead these changes have been Ea limited. The book addresses those policy areas most likely to be affected by the tragedy – politics, economics, energy, J ST climate, agriculture and food safety – describes how the sector has been affected and considers what the implications A are for the future. P A N N Ea RTHQU A KE www.niaspress.dk Al-Badri-Berends_cover.indd 1 12/02/2013 14:12 AFTER THE GREAT EaST JAPAN EaRTHQUAKE Al-Badri-Berends_book.indd 1 12/02/2013 14:29 ASIA INSIGHTS A series aimed at increasing an understanding of contemporary Asia among policy-makers, NGOs, businesses, journalists and other members of the general public as well as scholars and students. -
Supplementary Materials
Supplementary Materials Fukushima (as of December 27). 6. Miscellaneous Brief Report on the Damage from the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake (Report No. 832) ● 57,954 people evacuated to locations outside the (1) Rail Lines January 10, 2013, 8:00 am: Fukushima Prefecture Disaster Response Headquarters prefecture (based on an December 6 survey). ● Joban Line: Hirono–Haranomachi and Soma– Total of 156,026 people Watari (Restoration Not Determined) 1. Alerts and Warnings April 7 11:32 pm Seismic Intensity 5.0–5.4: (2) General Roads March 11 2:46 pm Kori, Kunimi, Tamura, Date, Soma, 4. Casualties and Damage from the Disaster ● Primary National Highways: National Route 6: Seismic Intensity 6.0–6.4: Shirakawa, Shinchi, Iitate, and Minamisoma (1) Casualties Entire route open including detours (no entry into Sukagawa, Kunimi, Tenei, Tomioka, Other areas of Fukushima measured ● 3,070 fatalities (1,024 in Minamisoma, 475 in the evacuation zone) Okuma, Namie, Kagamiishi, Naraha, seismic intensities of 4.5–4.9. Soma, 441 in Iwaki, 411 in Namie, 153 in ● Other National Highways: All routes open as of Futaba, and Shinchi Tomioka, etc.) June 8, 2012 Seismic Intensity 5.5–5.9: Fukushima April 11 5:16 pm Seismic Intensity 5.5–5.9: ● 5 missing persons (1 from Sukagawa, etc.) ● Prefectural Roads: 23 roads closed, including the City, Nihonmatsu, Motomiya, Nakajima, Furodono, and Iwaki ● 20 with serious injuries (4 from Soma, 3 from Kitaizumi Odaka Line Koriyama, Koori, Kawamata, Nishigo, Seismic Intensity 5.0–5.4: Shirakawa, Iwaki, etc.) ● Country Roads: All routes open as of April 13, Yabuki, Nakajima, Tamakawa, Ono, Kagamiishi, Tenei, Tanagura, Hirata, ● 162 with minor injuries (57 from Minamisoma, 2012 Tanagura, Date, Hirono, Asakawa, and Asakawa 20 from Kunimi, etc.) (3) Expressways Tamura, Iwaki, Kawauchi, Iitate, Soma, Other areas of Fukushima measured (2) Damage to Housing and Other Buildings ● Joban Expressway: Section of the expressway Minamisoma, and Inawashiro seismic intensities of 4.5–4.9. -
1 a Historical Constructivist Perspective of Japan's
A Historical Constructivist Perspective of Japan’s Environmental Diplomacy Katsuhiko Mori International Christian University Abstract: Why did Japan attempt to take a leadership role on some occasions, while it became a bystander or even a dragger on other occasions? By examining three cases of environmental diplomacy, i.e., hosting the Kyoto conference on climate change, the Nagoya conference on biodiversity, and the diplomatic conference for the Minamata Convention, this paper will identify the key drivers of effectiveness in Japan’s environmental diplomacy from the perspective of historical constructivism. The study accounts for the historical trajectory and conjunctures of Japan’s environmental diplomacy in the changing global environmental governance with a combination of power, interests, and ideas across time and areas of concern at both international and domestic levels. Introduction Why did Japan attempt to take a leadership role on some occasions, while it became a bystander or even a dragger on other occasions? In the 1980s, Japan was accused of being one of the world’s “eco-outlaws,” especially regarding the tropical timber, whaling, and ivory trades.1 Since the 1990s, Japan has become more active in hosting multilateral environmental conferences, such as the 1997 Third Session of the Conference of Parties (COP-3) of the United Nations (UN) Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the 2010 COP-10, the fifth Meeting of the Parties to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (MOP-5) of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), and the 2013 Diplomatic Conference for the Minamata Convention on Mercury. These conferences were concerned with the atmosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere, which were on the diplomatic agenda in the 1990s, 2000s, and 2010s, respectively. -
The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Disaster
The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Disaster When the Nuclear Safety Commission in Japan reviewed safety-design guidelines for nuclear plants in 1990, the regulatory agency explicitly ruled out the need to consider prolonged AC power loss. In other words, nothing like the catastrophe at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station was possible— no tsunami of 45 feet could swamp a nuclear power station and knock out its emergency systems. No blackout could last for days. No triple meltdown could occur. Nothing like this could ever happen. Until it did—over the course of a week in March 2011. In this volume and in gripping detail, the Independent Investigation Commission on the Fukushima Nuclear Accident, a civilian-led group, presents a thorough and powerful account of what happened within hours and days after this nuclear disaster, the second worst in history. It documents the fi ndings of the Chairman, fi ve commissioners, and a working group of more than thirty people, including natural scientists and engineers, social scientists and researchers, business people, lawyers, and journalists, who researched this crisis involving multiple simultaneous dangers. They conducted over 300 investigative interviews to collect testimony from relevant individuals. The responsibility of this committee was to act as an external ombudsman, summarizing its conclusions in the form of an original report, published in Japanese in February 2012. This has now been substantially rewritten and revised for this English- language edition. The work reveals the truth behind the tragic saga of the multiple catastrophic accidents at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station. It serves as a valuable and essential historical reference, which will help to inform and guide future nuclear safety and policy in both Japan and internationally. -
COP 10 Presidency Report
May 2014 Report on activities of Japan as President and the host country of COP10 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity decided at its ninth meeting (COP9) that COP10 will be held in Japan in October 2010. The host country of the meeting is customarily elected as President of the COP, thus the Minister of the Environment of Japan was elected as COP10 President at its opening session. Japan served as President until the Minister of India was elected as the new President at the opening session of COP11 in October 2012. This report describes the achievements of Japan as President and host of COP10, including its collaborative work with various stakeholders. Notable features of the COP10 Presidency can be summarized as follows; ・ Demonstration of leadership towards active and smooth negotiations and successful outcomes at COP10 by encouraging the international community to discuss key biodiversity issues prior to COP10 at various international meetings and symposia, ・ Close collaboration with domestic stakeholders in hosting COP10, including relevant ministries, local authorities, NGOs, businesses, and the general public. This collaboration was established not only for purpose of hosting the COP, but also served to encourage continuous participation of these stakeholders in subsequent activities to implement COP outcomes (such as the revision of the Japanese NBSAP, development of LBSAPs, elaboration of guidance documents on business engagement for biodiversity, promotion of the citizen biodiversity action list, etc.), ・ Continuous support for the international implementation of COP outcomes through the establishment of the Japan Biodiversity Fund and other measures during and beyond the term of the COP Presidency, and ・ Advanced implementation of the Convention at national level, which allowed the provision of concrete examples of implementation measures to other Parties.