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The Systematic Position of Trigonia Nepos Paulcke, 1903, Ano Paulckella, a New Genus for the Aptian of Chile

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The Systematic Position of Trigonia Nepos Paulcke, 1903, Ano Paulckella, a New Genus for the Aptian of Chile THE SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF TRIGONIA NEPOS PAULCKE, 1903, ANO PAULCKELLA, A NEW GENUS FOR THE APTIAN OF CHILE MICHAEL R. COOPER Department 01 Geology, University 01 Durban-Westvi lle, Durban 4000, Soulh Africa ERNESTO PEREZ Servicio Nacional de Geolog ía y Minería, Casilla 10465, Santiago, Chile RENATO REYES Diego Portales 936, Viña del Mar. Chile ABSTRACT Trigonia nepos Paulcke is a poorly known bivalve lrom the late Aptian 01 northern Chile. Although the syntypes are lost, believed destroyed, topotype material shows it to represent a new genus 01 Pterotrigoniinae lor which the name Paulcke/la gen. nov. is proposed. A neotype is designated and the systematic position 01 Paulcke/la gen . nov. dis­ cussed. At present it is a South American endemic bivalve. Key words: Systematics, Bivalvia, Trigoniídae, Pterotrigoniínae, Paulckellagen. nov., Aptian, Chile. RESUMEN Trigonia nepos Paulcke es un bivalvo poco conocido, recolectado en estratos del Aptiano superior, norte de Chile. El análisis de la descripción original, complementado con el estudio de topotipos reveló que , si bien pertenece a la sublamilia Pterotrigoniinae, posee características morfológicas ausentes en los géneros conocidos. Se propone la creación de un taxón nuevo, Paulcke/la gen . nov., hasta ahora endémico de Sudamérica, basado en T. nepos como es­ pecie tipo. Se designa un neotipo y se discute la posición sistemática del nuevo género. Palabras claves: Sistemática, Bivalvia, Trigoniídae, Pterotrigoniinae, Paulckellagen. nov., Aptiano, Chile. INTRODUCTION Trigoniacean bivalves are characteristic ele­ species, that has a peculiar anterior Ilank orn a­ ments 01 most Mesozoic shallow-marine deposits. mentation, a neotype is chosen based on a topo­ Whereas their hinge morphology has remained type. Three specimens, besides the neotype, col­ unchanged, they display a bewildering and unsur­ lected from the type locality by one 01 the authors passed diversity 01 external ornament as an ad­ (E . P.) have served to make a complementary des­ aptation to shallow burrowing. External morphol­ cription of T nepas and to discuss the lorms com­ ogy, therelore, is the prime character on which the ing lrom other localities 01 Chile, which have been taxonomy 01 the group is based. identilied as T nepos by previous authors. The In this paper, the late early Cretaceous Trigania presence 01 the ammonite genus Parahap/ites in nepas, coming lrom Pabellón Formation strata, in the associated fauna allows to postulate a late Ap­ the Molle Alto locality (text-Fig. 1), is analyzed, tian age for this species (Pérez and Covacevich, and a new genus 01 trigoniid bivalve, with T nepos 1988). as type species, is described. Unlortunately, the T nepos Paulcke has been cited in northern syntypes 01 T nepas are lost, presumed destroy­ Chile, out 01 Molle Alto, in Quebrada El Way and ed by lire in the Strassburg Museum after World Calizas La Viuda, Antofagasta Region, and il Que­ War 11. Due to the systematic importance 01 this brada de Los Cóndores, Atacama Region (Reyes Revista Geológica de Chile. Vol. 16. No. 1. p. 51·59. 2 Figs .. 1 Lám. 1989. 52 SYSTEMATIC posmoN OF TRIGONIA NEPOS Co. AZU~~~9 coP;> - Logunodel Negro Froncisco I I Nv. JOI~beChe ) 5880 ,r I -1 I CJ~"'~/)/ /~~ (./~~ \ ,?,Q:- I O 10 20 km I 27056 ' L---------------~~~--~~~----JL~~~~~~~==~ ____~ From ' COPIOPÓ Sheet (2700-6900) Sccle I 250000 Insllluto Geográfico Mililor, Chile Conlour Ilne equldlstance 200 m A Itllude meters Text-FI3. 1. Maps showing the type locality (Molle Alto: 27°50'S; 70 0 19'W) 01 Paulckella nepos (Paulcke), sited about 50 km south 01 Copiapó city, Atacama Region, northern Chile. M.R. Cooper, E. Pérez and R. Reyes 53 and Pérez, 1978, p. 13); besides Chile, it has only stratigraphic importance of Trigoniidae in Chile' been mentioned in the Neocomian of Cerro de Pas­ sponsored by the Servicio Nacional de Geología y eo, Central Perú (Salfeld, 1911, p. 219). Minería (Chile). This study forms part of the project 'Chrono- SYSTEMATICS Subclass Palaeoheterodonta Newell, 1965 Order Trigonioida Dall, 1899 Superfamily T rigoniacea Lamarck, 1819 Family Trigoniidae Lamarck, 1819 Subfamily Pterotrigoniinae van Hoepen, 1929 Diagnosis. Shell small to moderately large, sent only in nepionic stages. Area narrow. bipart­ strongly inequilateral, club shaped to lunate, with ite, usually unornamented in maturity. Middle umbones commonly prominent; anteriorly inflated, and adult growth stages with eonspicuously tuber­ posteriorly produced and often rostrate; respirato­ culate, oblique flank costae, which may be divided ry margin commonly rounded. Escutcheon wide, into a robust, coarsely tuberculate anterior set and sunken, with transverse costellae. Carinae pre- a more gracile posterior set. Genus Paulckella gen. nov. Type species: Trigonia nepos Paulcke, 1903, but its characters are not those of the type p. 293, PI. 17, Figs. 7, 8, by original designation species. P. cristata van Hoepen (1929, p. 10, PI. herein. 4, Figs. 3-6) (PI. 1, Figs. 9-15) differs in being club­ Etymology. In honour of W. Paulcke, the Ger­ shaped and strongly rostrate posteriorly, so that it man paleontologist who described the type spe­ is relatively much longer and narrower. It also has cies. a narrowly rounded respiratory margin, transverse Diagnosis. A Pterotrigoniinae with weakly eon­ eostellae to the escutcheon, and lacks the cave to straight posterodorsal margin and obli­ characteristic bifurcating anterior costae found in quely truncate respiratory margino Shell anteriorly Paulckella gen. nov., a diagnostic feature that has inflated with prominent umbones and strongly in­ not been previously described in any known curved prosogyrous beaks. Escutcheon wide, with Pterotrigonia species. oblique costellae. Area moderately narrow, smooth Pisotrigonia van Hoepen (1929, p. 20) (type spe­ except in early growth stages. Flank costae con­ cies: P. salebrosa van Hoepen) is widely regarded spicuously tuberculate, with subumbonal ribs as a synonym of Rinetrigonia van Hoepen (type bifurcating and curving upwards on the flattened species : Lyrodon ventricosa Krauss) (Kobayashi anterior face. and Nakano, 1957; Skwarko, 1966; Nakano, Discussion. The presence of oblique, strongly 1974); but, in fact, has page priority over the latter tuberculate flank costae, and strong anterior infla­ genus. Paulckella resembles Pisotrigonia in being tion places Paulckella gen. nov. in the Pterotrigonii­ strongly inflated anteriorly, with a tendency for the nae. Kobayashi and Nakano (1957, p. 230) put T. anterior face to be flattened and subvertical, and nepos with doubts in the subgenus Rinetrigonia in having prominent umbones and strongly incurv­ van Hoepen, pointing out that the flank branching ed beaks. Al! known species of Pisotrigonia. how­ anterior costae could place this species in a genus ever, are relatively higher. with a deeply concave not yet defined. In the same eontext, Levy (1967, posterodorsal margino and have simple anterior p. 102) preferred to emend the diagnosis of Rine­ ribs which never bifurcate. Typically. Pisotrigonia trigonia instead of proposing a new genus. Trigonia shows better discrimination between the anterior nepos Paulcke was also assigned to Pterotrigonia and posterior sets of flank costae. with coarser, van Hoepen (1929, p. 9) (type species: P. cristata more robust anterior costae bearing fewer. larger van Hoepen) by Reyes and Pérez (1978, 1979), nodes. 54 SYSTEMATIC posmoN OF TRIGONIA NEPOS In shell outline, tuberculation and rigidity of phorella Nakano. The similarities seem to be due to flank costation, Paulckella gen. nov. is close to A­ convergence and Arabitrigonia has to be consid­ canthotrigonia van Hoepen (1929, p. 14) (type spe­ ered a good Pterotrigoninae. cies: Trigonia shepstonei Griesbach). The latter In its bifurcating anterior costae Pau/ckella gen. ':axon is a Late Cretaceous (Coniacian to Maas­ nov. closely resembles some forms of Apiotrigonia trichtian) genus known only from South Africa, Cox, e.g. A. (Microtrigonia) postonodosa Nakano Angola and Argentina. It differs from Pau/ckella (Tashiro, 1972, PI. 40, Figs. 20-23). Mhough the gen. nov. in being weakly inflated anteriorly, with in­ similarities are the result of convergence, bifurcat­ conspicuous umbones and simple anterior flank ing anterior flank costae are also encountered in costae wh ich do not bifurcate. species of Heterotrigonia Cox (Tashiro, 1979) and Scabrotrigonia Dietrich (1933, p. 330) (type spe­ this character is thus widespread within the Apiotri­ cies: Trigonia scabra Lamarck) differs from Pau/­ goniinae. Pau/ckella differs from Apiotrigonia in its ckella gen. nov. in being less inflated anteriorly, prominent umbones and strongly incurved beaks, with denser, more finely tuberculate flank costae its unornamented area in maturity, and its strongly which curve anteriorly and are not separated into oblique flank costae with coarse tuberculation. At an anterior and posterior se!. In addition, the cos­ all growth stages it lacks the V-shaped flank cos­ tae of the flank and escutcheon are continuous tae of typical Apiotrigonia. In all these characters onto the area of Scabrotrigonia, forming a chevron it is closer to the Pterotrigoniinae. Another trigoniid at the median longitudinal groove. which displays bifurcating anterior flank costae is Ptilotrigonia van Hoepen (1929, p. 22) (type spe­ the Jurassic Scaphorella Leanza, Pérez and Re­ cies : P. /auta van Hoepen) differs from Pau/ckella yes (1987, p. 83) (type species: Trigonia /eanzai gen. nov. in being less inflated
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