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Advanced Online Publication DOI: 10.19615/j.cnki.2096-9899.210519 Online Supplementary Material A new species of Pteronisculus from the Middle Triassic (Anisian) of Luoping, Yunnan, China, and phylogenetic relationships of early actinopterygian fishes Table of Contents 1. Occurrences of Pteronisculus 2. Comparisons of pterygial formula 3. Taxa and principal sources of data Advanced4. Supplementary figure online publication 5. Character list 6. References to supplementary information 1 1. Occurrences of Pteronisculus White, 1933, according to the published literature Species Occurrence Age References Pteronisculus cicatrosus Northwest Early Triassic White (1933), Lehman Madagascar (1952), Uyeno (1978) P. macropterus Northwest Early Triassic White (1933), Lehman Madagascar (1952) P. arambourgi Northwest Early Triassic Lehman (1952) Madagascar P. broughi Northwest Early Triassic Lehman (1952) Madagascar P. gyrolepidoides Spitsbergen Early Triassic Stensiö (1921), Véran (Svalbard) (1988) P. arcticus Greenland Early Triassic Stensiö (1932), Nielsen (1936, 1942) AdvancedP. stensioi Greenlandonline Early Triassicpublication Nielsen (1942) P. gunnari Greenland Early Triassic Nielsen (1942) P. magnus Greenland Early Triassic Nielsen (1942) P. aldingeri Greenland Early Triassic Nielsen (1942) P. nevadanus Nevada (USA) Early Triassic Romano et al. (2019) P. nielseni Yunnan (China) Middle Triassic Xu et al. (2014) P. changae Yunnan (China) Middle Triassic This study 2. Comparisons of pterygial formula in selected species of Pteronisculus Species D P A T P. arctica 33–35 14 30 55–59 P. stensioi 41–43 20 35 63 P. aldingeri ~40 16–18 37 ~65 P. nielseni 36–38 14 29–30 60–61 P. changae 53 15 44 83 2 3. Taxa and principal sources of data Taxon Source Guiyu oneiros (out group) Zhu et al., 2009; Qiao and Zhu, 2010 Acipenser brevirostrum Nieuwenhuys, 1982; Hilton et al., 2011 Aesopichthys erinaceus Poplin and Lund, 2000 Amia calva Grande and Bemis, 1998; Sallan, 2014 Asialepidotus shingyiensis Su, 1959; Xu and Ma, 2017 Amphicentrum granulosum Traquair, 1875; Bradley-Dyne, 1939 Atractosteus spatula Grande, 2010 Australosomus kochi Nielsen, 1949 Beagiascus pulcherrimus Mickle et al., 2009 Beishanichthys brevicaudalis Xu and Gao, 2011 Birgeria groenlandica Nielsen, 1949 AdvancedBirgeria stensioi onlineAldinger, 1931; Romano publication and Brinkmann, 2009 Bobasatrania groenlandica Stensiö, 1932 Boreosomus piveteaui Nielsen, 1942 Caturus furcatus Patterson, 1975; Lambers, 1994; Grande and Bemis, 1998 Cheirolepis canadensis Arratia and Cloutier, 1996; Arratia, 2009 Cheirolepis schultzei Cloutier and Arratia, 2004 Cheirolepis trailli Pearson and Westoll, 1979; Giles et al., 2015a Chondrosteus acipenseroides Hilton and Forey 2011; Hilton et al., 2011 Cosmoptychius striatus Schaeffer, 1971; Coates, 1999 Cyranorhis bergeraci Lund et al., 1997 Discoserra pectinodon Lund, 2000; Hurley et al., 2007 Donnrosenia schaefferi Long et al., 2008 Dorsetichthys bechei Patterson, 1968, 1973, 1975; Grande and Bemis, 1998 Ebenaqua ritchei Campbell and Le Duy Phuoc, 1983 Elops hawaiensis Forey, 1973 Erpetoichthys calabaricus Claeson et al., 2007; Claeson and Hagadorn, 2008 Evenkia eunoptera Berg, 1942; Selezneva, 1985; Sytchevskaya, 1999 Fouldenia ischiptera Sallan and Coates, 2013 Fukangichthys longidorsalis Xu et al., 2014a Howqualepis rostridens Long, 1988; Choo, 2009 Ionoscopus cyprinoides Grande and Bemis, 1998; Maisey, 1999 Kalops monophyrum Poplin and Lund, 2000 Kentuckia deani Rayner, 1951; Giles and Friedman, 2014 Balfour and Parker, 1882; Rayner, 1937; Mathiesen and Lepisosteus osseus Popper, 1987; Grande, 2010 Louwoichthys pusillus Xu, 2020 Luganoia lepidosteoides Bürgin, 1992 Jain and Robinson, 1963; Wenz, 1967; Patterson, 1975; Macrosemimimus lennieri Schröder et al., 2012 3 Macrosemius rostratus Bartram, 1977 Melanecta anneae Coates, 1998 Mesopoma planti Coates, 1999 Mimipiscis bartrami Gardiner, 1984; Choo, 2011 Mimipiscis toombsi Gardiner, 1984; Choo, 2011; Giles and Friedman, 2014 Moythomasia lineata Jessen, 1968; Choo 2015 Moythomasia nitida Jessen, 1968; Choo 2015 Moythomasia durgaringa Gardiner, 1984; Long and Trinajstic, 2010; Choo 2015 Obaichthys decoratus Grande, 2010 Ophiopsiella attenuata Wagner, 1863; Bartram, 1975; Lane and Ebert, 2015 Osorioichthys marginis Taverne, 1997 Polyodon spathula Walbaum, 1792; Grande and Bemis, 1991 Allis, 1922; Jollie, 1984; Bjerring, 1991; Bartsch and Polypterus bichir Advanced onlineGemballa, 1992; Ba publicationrtsch et al., 1997; Grande, 2010 Propterus elongatus Bartram, 1977 Pteronisculus changae sp. nov. This study Pteronisculus cicatrosus Lehman, 1952 Pteronisculus magnus Nielsen, 1942 Pteronisculus nielseni Xu et al., 2014b Pteronisculus stensioi Nielsen 1942; Coates, 1998 Raynerius splendens Giles et al., 2015b Saurichthys madagascariensis Kogan et al., 2016 Saurichthys ornatus Stensiö, 1925; Mutter et al., 2008 Saurichthys sp. Stensiö, 1925; Minikh, 1981 Semionotus elegans Olsen and McCune, 1991 Styracopterus fulcratus Sallan and Coates, 2013 Teffichthys madagascariensis Piveteau, 1934; Marramà et al., 2017 Venusichthys comptus Xu and Zhao, 2016 Watsonulus eugnathoides Olsen, 1984; Grande and Bemis, 1998 Woodichthys bearsdeni Coates, 1998 Yelangichthys macrocephalus Wu et al., 2013 4 4. Supplementary figure Advanced online publication Fig. 1S Strict consensus of 12 most parsimonious trees with character states supporting the nodes and terminal taxa 5 5. Character list Characters 1–275 are taken from Argyriou et al. (2018), which in turn is modified from Giles et al. (2017; see for character notes and provenance). Changes in coding and the source of additional characters (Chas. 276–282) are noted in the description. The states of 18 characters (Chas. 1, 2, 28, 37, 94, 99, 127, 128, 135, 140, 147, 150, 176, 208, 230, 234, 238, and 250) are constant throughout the selected taxa and are not included when performing this phylogenetic analysis. Ordered multistate characters (91, 93, 155, 177, 251 and 260) are indicated with an asterisk (*). General 1. Large dermal plates (Forey, 1980; Gardiner, 1984; Zhu and Schultze, 2001; Zhu et al., 2001, 2006, 2009, 2013; Zhu and Yu, 2002; Friedman, 2007; Brazeau, 2009; Friedman and Brazeau; 2010; Davis et al., 2012; Brazeau and Friedman, 2014; Giles et al., 2015b, 2017; Wilson et al., 2018; Argyriou et al., 2018) 0 absent 1 present Advanced2. Sensory lines online publication (Brazeau, 2009; Zhu et al., 2013; Giles et al., 2015b, 2017; Wilson et al., 2018; Argyriou et al., 2018) 0 preserved as open grooves 1 pass through canals Dermal skull 3. Premaxilla as distinct ossification (Hurley et al., 2007; Xu et al., 2014a; Giles et al., 2017; Wilson et al., 2018; Argyriou et al., 2018. Typically, the premaxilla is a short, paired or median bone that contributes to the orbital margin anterior to the maxilla. The coding for Australosomus kochi is revised to ‘?’) 0 present 1 absent 4. Premaxillae, contact at midline (Cloutier and Ahlberg, 1996; Taverne, 1997; Schultze and Cumbaa, 2001; Zhu and Schultze, 2001; Zhu and Yu, 2002; Cloutier and Arratia, 2004; Friedman and Blom, 2006; Zhu et al., 2006; Friedman, 2007; Long et al., 2008; Swartz, 2009; Choo, 2011; Giles et al., 2017; Wilson et al., 2018; Argyriou et al., 2018) 0 present 1 absent 5. Premaxilla fused at midline (Xu et al., 2012, 2015; Xu and Zhao, 2016; Giles et al., 2017; Wilson et al., 2018; Argyriou et al., 2018. Coded as inapplicable in taxa lacking any ossification in the position typically occupied by the premaxilla (e.g. Acipenser and Cyranorhis) and where the premaxilla appears fused with the rostral (e.g. Bobasatrania, Styracopterus and Luganoia)) 0 absent 1 present 6. Premaxilla (Friedman, 2007; Giles et al., 2015b, 2017; Wilson et al., 2018; Argyriou et al., 2018. Coded as inapplicable in taxa lacking any ossification in the position typically occupied by the premaxilla (e.g. Acipenser and Cyranorhis) and in taxa where the premaxillae do not contact at the midline. The coding for Watsonulus eugnathoides is revised to ‘1’) 6 0 reaches or extends past anterior margin of orbit 1 confined to region anterior to orbit 7. Premaxilla contributes to orbital margin (Cloutier and Ahlberg, 1996; Schultze and Cumbaa, 2001; Zhu and Schultze, 2001; Zhu et al., 2001, 2006, 2009, 2013; Zhu and Yu, 2002; Cloutier and Arratia, 2004; Friedman, 2007; Long et al., 2008; Swartz, 2009; Xu and Gao, 2011; Xu et al., 2014a; Giles et al., 2017; Wilson et al., 2018; Argyriou et al., 2018. The coding for Pteronisculus stensioi is revised to ‘?’) 0 absent 1 present 8. Teeth on premaxillae (Cloutier and Arratia, 2004, Xu et al., 2014a; Giles et al., 2017; Wilson et al., 2018; Argyriou et al., 2018. The coding for Pteronisculus stensioi is revised to ‘?’) 0 present 1 absent Advanced9. Mobile premaxilla online publication (Arratia, 1999; Cavin and Suteethorn, 2006; Hurley et al., 2007; Giles et al., 2017; Wilson et al., 2018; Argyriou et al., 2018) 0 absent 1 present 10. Olfactory nerve pierces premaxilla (Grande, 2010; Xu et al., 2015; Xu and Shen, 2015; Xu and Zhao, 2016; Giles et al., 2017; Wilson et al., 2018; Argyriou et al., 2018. The codings for Watsonulus eugnathoides and Macrosemius rostratus are revised to ‘0’) 0 absent 1 present 11. Nasal process of premaxilla (Gardiner and Schaeffer, 1989; Gardiner et al., 1996, 2005; Cavin and Suteethorn, 2006; Hurley et al., 2007; Grande, 2010; Lopez-Arbarello, 2011; Xu and Wu, 2012; Xu et al., 2014a; Xu and Shen, 2015; Xu and Zhao, 2016; Giles et al., 2017; Wilson et al., 2018; Argyriou et al., 2018) 0 absent 1 short 2
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