DOCSLIB.ORG

Assessment of Groundwater Quality in Pallavaram Area by Wqi Method

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Assessment of Groundwater Quality in Pallavaram Area by Wqi Method International Journal of Scientific Research and Review ISSN NO: 2279-543X ASSESSMENT OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY IN PALLAVARAM AREA BY WQI METHOD Arthika B, Maheswari K 1Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Vels Institute of Science, Technology & Advanced Studies, Chennai, Tamilnadu 2Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, St.Joseph’s institute of technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu Abstract Dumping of solid wastes in water bodies causes contamination and it creates severe impact on deterioration of Groundwater. Groundwater is the major source of drinking and it can be used for domestic use as well as public use. Our study focuses on the deterioration of Groundwater Quality due to dumping of solid wastes in Pallavaram area. The study area has been chosen around the Pallavaram lake and 11 sampling locations were taken. The present study was undertaken to characterize the physicochemical parameters such as pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Hardness (H), Total Hardness (TH), Chloride (Cl), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS). Each parameter was compared with its standard permissible limit as prescribed by World Health Organization (WHO). Keywords: Groundwater, WQI, Solid waste I. INTRODUCTION Dumping of solid wastes in water bodies causes contamination and it creates severe impact on deterioration of Groundwater. Groundwater is the major source of drinking and it can be used for domestic use as well as public use.Water Quality Index is one of the most effective tools to communicate information on the quality of water to the concerned citizens and policymakers. It is an important parameter for the assessment and management of ground water. A Water Quality Index is a numeric expression used to transform large number of variables data into a single number as index, at different times and in different places, which represents the water quality level and to translate this information into a single value defining the period of time and spatial unit involved and to be easily understood by managers.. The index is based on the attainment of water quality objectives. Quality objectives are for safe limits, set by the ministry in areas of human areas, to protect the most sensitive water uses of water resources. Water index defines a systematic way of interpretation and measurements of water quality naturally or desirables. The index of water quality into five categories: excellent, good, fair, borderline, and poor. Volume 7, Issue 12, 2018 Page No: 535 International Journal of Scientific Research and Review ISSN NO: 2279-543X II SCOPE OF THE STUDY The water quality of groundwater in this area has deteriorated mainly due to extensive solid waste dumpsite seriously affected due to the combined effect of industrialization and urbanization. Awareness should be done to reduce contamination. The following objectives were made to assess the Groundwater, such as 1. To collect groundwater samples from the given location. 2. The water quality parameters such as pH, Electrical conductivity, Total dissolved solids, total alkalinity, total hardness, chloride and turbidity will be analysed to compute WQI by using Weighted Arithmetic Index Method. III .STUDY AREA The study area Pallavaram Township is an industrial area located in Chennai Metropolitan city, Tamil Nadu. The geographic location of the area is between 80°07’30” to 80°10’56” East longitude and 12°57’13” to 12°58’56” North latitude. Sewage and dumping of garbage which has adversely affected the quality of the groundwater. The study area is 13 km away from the Bay of Bengal. A large number of tannery industries are located for about two kilometres length on both sides of the road. The area has lot of large scale and small scale tanning industries. Chrome tanning is the popular method practiced in this area. The area has Periya eri (big tank), once a sprawling water body covering about 189 acres, now shrunken into to small patch and used as storage for effluents from leather industry, sewage and dumping of garbage which has adversely affected the quality of the groundwater. Unpleasant smell prevails in the locality surrounding this area due to the heavy loads of industrial effluents. The climatic condition is hot during summer (March to June) and cold during winter season (November to January). The area receives rainfall from both south-west (June to September) and northeast monsoon (October to December) and the area enjoys a tropical climate. The climate of the area is with low humidity and high temperature, and the temperature is around 18ºC - 25ºC during winter and during summer has a maximum of 35ºC - 42ºC and is generally hot. Temperature starts rising towards the end of February. Geologically the study area is covered by crystalline rocks of Archaean age consisting of Charnockite formation. Figure 3.1 Study Area Volume 7, Issue 12, 2018 Page No: 536 International Journal of Scientific Research and Review ISSN NO: 2279-543X IV METHODOLOGY AND TESTING 4.1.1 Sampling Water quality data sampling was carried out during January (post–monsoon) by using GPS survey. The groundwater samples were collected from the 11locations around the Pallavaram Lake and analyzed for 7 physicochemical parameters. The parameters pH, Electrical conductivity, total dissolved solid, total alkalinity, Total hardness, Chloride and Turbidity were analyzed in the laboratory as per the standard procedure of APHA. The latitude and longitude values of the selected sampling locations are given in Table 4.1. The collected samples were preserved by adding appropriate reagents in laboratory to determine the water quality analysis. These samples were analysed for different parameters as shown in Table 4.2. Table 4.1 Groundwater sampling locations Sample No. Latitude Longitude 1 12.9583073 80.1492741 2 12.9578492 80.1491611 3 12.9568787 80.148605 4 12.9568228 80.1485637 5 12.9556351 80.1495339 6 12.9557095 80.1495086 7 12.9544199 80.1497375 8 12.9529012 80.1528075 9 12.9559785 80.152007 10 12.9588424 80.1495706 11 12.9656428 80.1623456 Table 4.2 Analytical methods adopted for physicochemical analysis Sl. No Analysis Method/instrument 1 pH pH meter 2 Electrical conductivity (EC) Conductivity meter 3 Total dissolved solid(TDS) Computation 4 Turbidity Turbidity meter 5 Total hardness Titration method 6 Chloride Titration method 7 Alkalinity Titration method 4.1.2 WQI Calculation For computing WQI three steps are followed. In the first step, each of the11 parameters has been assigned a weight (wi) according to its relative importance in the overall quality of water for drinking purposes (Table 4.2). Volume 7, Issue 12, 2018 Page No: 537 International Journal of Scientific Research and Review ISSN NO: 2279-543X The maximum weight of 5 has been assigned to the parameter chloride due to its major importance in water quality assessment. Other in the second step, the relative weight (Wi) is computed from the following equation W= ∑ Where, Wi is the relative weight, wi is the weight of each parameter and n is the number of parameters. Calculated relative weight (Wi) values of each parameter are also given in Table 3. In the third step, a quality rating scale (qi) for each parameter is assigned by dividing its concentration in each water sample by its respective standard according to the guidelines laid down in the BIS and the result multiplied by 100. qi = (Ci / Si) x 10 For computing the WQI, the SI is first determined for each chemical parameter, which is then used to determine the WQI as per the following equation SI = Wi . qi WQI = ∑ S I SI is the sub index of i parameter; qi is the rating based on concentration of I Parameter and n is the number of parameters. The computed WQI values are classified into five types, “excellent water” to “water, unsuitable for drinking”. 4.1.3 Water Quality Analysis The chemical analyses of the groundwater and percent compliance with the Normal statistics of water quality parameters of 11 groundwater samples are presented in Table 4.3. Table 4.3 Normal statistics of water quality parameters of groundwater samples Parameters Min Max AM SD CV pH 6.5 8.5 7.12 0.2 2.8 Ec 130 1750 1477 737 49.89 TDS 500 2000 964.8 474 49.12 Chloride 250 1000 243.6 275 112.8 Turbidity NTU=5 NTU=10 51.8 2.15 79.62 Hardness 300 600 139 65.08 46.82 Alkalinity 200 600 2.7 38.42 74.16 All units except pH and Electrical conductivity are in mg/l, Min-Minimum, Max- Maximum, AM Arithmetic mean, SD-Standard deviation, CV-Coefficient variation Volume 7, Issue 12, 2018 Page No: 538 International Journal of Scientific Research and Review ISSN NO: 2279-543X Table 4.4 Relative weight of chemical parameters. Parameters Indian Weight (wi) Relative Standards weight(Wi) pH 6.5-8.5 4 0.181818 EC 1750 3 0.1363636 TDS 500-2000 4 0.181818 Chloride 250-1000 5 0.227272 Turbidity NTU=5 3 0.1363636 Hardness 300-600 3 0.1363636 Alkalinity 200-600 3 0.1363636 ∑ =22 ∑ =1.000 Table 4.5 Physiochemical parameters of Postmonsoon season Parameters S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 S10 S11 Average Ph 7.44 6.99 6.97 6.94 6.95 6.85 7.23 7.41 7.21 7.26 7.08 7.12 EC 350 1810 1580 1410 1980 3150 1420 1500 800 750 1500 1477 TDS 227.5 1176 1027 916.5 1287 2047 923 975 572 487.5 975 964.8 Chloride 65.67 248.5 230.7 177.5 223.6 1052.5 149.1 193.4 104.7 63.9 170.4 243.6 Alkalinity 40 35 25 50 45 160 65 60 40 30 20 51.8 Hardness 103 105 210 285 190 145 120 130 65 80 100 139 Turbidity 1.2 1.3 0.4 5.3 0.3 4.2 2.5 1.2 2.4 4.7 6.7 2.7 4.1.4 Drinking water Parameter Standards and Specifications Hydrogen Ion Concentration (pH): The pH value of water indicates whether the water is acidic or alkaline.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Urban and Landscape Design Strategies for Flood Resilience In
    QATAR UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING URBAN AND LANDSCAPE DESIGN STRATEGIES FOR FLOOD RESILIENCE IN CHENNAI CITY BY ALIFA MUNEERUDEEN A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the College of Engineering in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Masters of Science in Urban Planning and Design June 2017 © 2017 Alifa Muneerudeen. All Rights Reserved. COMMITTEE PAGE The members of the Committee approve the Thesis of Alifa Muneerudeen defended on 24/05/2017. Dr. Anna Grichting Solder Thesis Supervisor Qatar University Kwi-Gon Kim Examining Committee Member Seoul National University Dr. M. Salim Ferwati Examining Committee Member Qatar University Mohamed Arselene Ayari Examining Committee Member Qatar University Approved: Khalifa Al-Khalifa, Dean, College of Engineering ii ABSTRACT Muneerudeen, Alifa, Masters: June, 2017, Masters of Science in Urban Planning & Design Title: Urban and Landscape Design Strategies for Flood Resilience in Chennai City Supervisor of Thesis: Dr. Anna Grichting Solder. Chennai, the capital city of Tamil Nadu is located in the South East of India and lies at a mere 6.7m above mean sea level. Chennai is in a vulnerable location due to storm surges as well as tropical cyclones that bring about heavy rains and yearly floods. The 2004 Tsunami greatly affected the coast, and rapid urbanization, accompanied by the reduction in the natural drain capacity of the ground caused by encroachments on marshes, wetlands and other ecologically sensitive and permeable areas has contributed to repeat flood events in the city. Channelized rivers and canals contaminated through the presence of informal settlements and garbage has exasperated the situation. Natural and man-made water infrastructures that include, monsoon water harvesting and storage systems such as the Temple tanks and reservoirs have been polluted, and have fallen into disuse.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Source
    TEMPLE ExNoRa TEMPLE MARVEL is VERY MUCH PART of JEEVAN SHASTRA, LIFE SCIENCE, for LIVING as HUMAN BEING & MANUSHYA SHASTRA, HUMAN SCIENCE for BEING HUMAN BEING Temple ExNoRa & Water Bodies ExNoRa TEMPLE TANKS MISUSED AND ABUSED TEMPLE TANKS MISUSED AND ABUSED TEMPLE TANKS ENCROACHED WASTE DUMPING YARD :TEMPLE TANKS Puzhuthivakkam lake is full of Puzhuthis (dust). When it rains the streets in Puzhuthivakkam are flooded with water, but the lake continues to be dry, because rain water is not harvested to the lake . The Rain Water finds their way to the Bay of Bengal through the Adyar river ExNoRa enters the scene Once Temple Tank now filled with debris & Rubble & ready for construction of a shopping complex. Before ExNoRa THIRUPANANTHAL Temple Tank was a sewage pond Before ExNoRa Restored THIRUPANANTHAL Temple Tank AFTER ExNoRa Ten years ago Injambakkam Panchayat dumped all garbage in the Injambakkam Kulam & filled it with garbage for construction of commercial complex. Mr Sekhar , a fisherman & President of Injambakkam ExNoRa, went to High Court & got an order for removal of all garbage and got the lake not only to its original position but also ensured it is made the BEST . He has been selected for ExNoRa’s Neer Veeradhi Veeran Award Temple Tank when ExNoRa adopted the LAKE Temple Tank after ExNoRa adopted the LAKE Government wanted to fill up this sprawling & expansive MADIPAKKAM lake with earth and make it site for MEPZ – 2 (Madras Export Processing Zone) which was a garbage & sewage dumping place. ExNoRa a went to the High Court Thu, 17 Jan, 2008 Efforts on to desilt lake in city suburb G Ramanarayanan Efforts are on to clean and desilt the Puzhudivakkam lake in suburban Chennai.
    [Show full text]
  • 2018 – 2019 Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board
    Annual Reports & Accounts 2018 – 2019 Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board 76, Mount Salai, Guindy, Chennai – 600 032 INDEX Chapter Contents Page No. No. 1 Introduction 1 2 Organisational Setup 6 3 Meetings of the Board 11 4 Activities of the Board 19 5 TNPCB Laboratories 57 Air, Water, Noise Quality Monitoring 6 62 Programmes 7 Environmental Standards 71 8 Legal Actions 73 9 Environmental Training Institute 80 Environmental Awareness and Public 10 84 Participation Visits to the Board by Experts, Important 11 88 Delegates and Person Other Important Matters Dealt with by the 12 89 Board 13 Annexures 107 14 Accounts 134 15 Photos 166 CHAPTER – 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 FORMATION OF TNPCB Government of Tamil Nadu implemented Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 (Central Act 6) in Tamil Nadu on 31.08.1981. Based on the Act, the Government in G.O. No. 340 Health and Family Welfare Department dated 19.02.1982 constituted the Tamil Nadu Prevention and Control of Water Pollution Board on 27.02.1982. The Government has declared the entire area within the State of Tamil Nadu as Air Pollution Control areas vide G.O.Ms. No.4, Environment Control Department dated 28.09.1983 under Section 19 (1) of the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981. Thereafter in the year 1983, the Tamil Nadu Prevention and Control of Water Pollution Board was renamed as “Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board (TNPCB)”. 1.2 CONSTITUTION OF THE BOARD According to the provisions of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, the State Board consists
    [Show full text]
  • A Study on the Physico-Chemical Parameters and the Microbial Flora of a Eutrophic Lake –Pallavaram Lake (Periyar Lake), Zamin Pallavaram, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
    Annals of R.S.C.B., Vol. 24, Issue 1, 2020, pp. 730- 743 Received 18April2020; accepted 23June2020 A Study On The Physico-Chemical Parameters And The Microbial Flora Of A Eutrophic Lake –Pallavaram Lake (Periyar Lake), Zamin Pallavaram, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India. S.Rasulmeera1, R.Kungumapriya 1,K.Revathi 2*, K.Sundaravalli 2 , A.Anitha2 , J.Allen smith2 1 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa’s College,Chennai. 2 CRL, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research ,Chennai. *Corresponding Author – K.Revathi E-mail : [email protected] ABSTRACT Water may be a critical resource within the lives of individuals who both enjoy its use and who are harmed by its misuse and unpredictability (flooding, droughts, salinity, acidity, and degraded quality). Consequently, consumption of polluted water puts lives and livelihoods in danger because water has no substitute. There are some ways during which water intended for human consumption can get polluted. These include wastes from industries like mining and construction, food processing, radioactive materials from power generating industries, domestic and agricultural wastes and by various microbiological agents. The pollution scenario in India is equally critical posing great threat to human health, aquatic life, vegetation and ecological balance. during this paper, the consequences of polluted lake water and analyzed by various analytical tests that this lake water was highly contaminated by the open defecation activities and mixture of domestic wastes which has been confirmed by the presence of microbial agents like Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus hence itΓÇÖs not suitable for human consumption has been proved. Keywords: pollution, Microbial agents, aquatic life, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
    [Show full text]
  • 49107-003: Tamil Nadu Urban Flagship Investment Program
    Initial Environmental Examination Document Stage: Draft Project Number: 49107-003 May 2018 IND: Tamil Nadu Urban Flagship Investment Program (TNUFIP) – Providing Comprehensive Sewerage Scheme to Manali, Chinnasekkadu, Karambakkam and Manapakkam in Chennai City Prepared by Chennai Metropolitan Water Supply & Sewerage Board (CMWSSB), Government of Tamil Nadu for the Asian Development Bank. This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 18 April 2018) Currency unit – Indian rupee (₹) ₹1.00 – $0.0152 $1.00 = ₹65.6826 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank ASI – Archeological Survey of India CMSC – Construction Management and Supervision Consultant CPCB – Central Pollution Control Board CTE – consent to establish CTO – consent to operate DWC – double wall corrugated EAC – Expert Appraisal Committee EHS – Environmental, Health and Safety EIA – environmental impact assessment EMP – environmental management plan IEE – initial environmental examination MOEFCC – Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change NOC – No Objection Certificate PIU – Project
    [Show full text]
  • Modelling the Water Balance of Sembakkam Lake, Chennai, India and Evaluating Low Impact Developments ______
    __________________________________________________________________________________ Modelling the Water Balance of Sembakkam lake, Chennai, India and Evaluating Low Impact Developments __________________________________________________________________________________ Civil Engineering - Bachelor Thesis Sembakkam lake (own figure) Mark van den Brink 20 July 2019 External supervisor: prof. B. Narasimhan Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai, India First supervisor: L. Wohler Second supervisor: S. Bhochhibhoya University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands Table of Contents Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................... 2 1. Summary ......................................................................................................................................... 4 2. Preface ............................................................................................................................................. 5 3. List of abbreviations ........................................................................................................................ 6 4. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 7 4.1. Water management in Chennai ............................................................................................... 8 5. Study Area ....................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Chennai District Origin of Chennai
    DISTRICT PROFILE - 2017 CHENNAI DISTRICT ORIGIN OF CHENNAI Chennai, originally known as Madras Patnam, was located in the province of Tondaimandalam, an area lying between Pennar river of Nellore and the Pennar river of Cuddalore. The capital of the province was Kancheepuram.Tondaimandalam was ruled in the 2nd century A.D. by Tondaiman Ilam Tiraiyan, who was a representative of the Chola family at Kanchipuram. It is believed that Ilam Tiraiyan must have subdued Kurumbas, the original inhabitants of the region and established his rule over Tondaimandalam Chennai also known as Madras is the capital city of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Located on the Coromandel Coast off the Bay of Bengal, it is a major commercial, cultural, economic and educational center in South India. It is also known as the "Cultural Capital of South India" The area around Chennai had been part of successive South Indian kingdoms through centuries. The recorded history of the city began in the colonial times, specifically with the arrival of British East India Company and the establishment of Fort St. George in 1644. On Chennai's way to become a major naval port and presidency city by late eighteenth century. Following the independence of India, Chennai became the capital of Tamil Nadu and an important centre of regional politics that tended to bank on the Dravidian identity of the populace. According to the provisional results of 2011 census, the city had 4.68 million residents making it the sixth most populous city in India; the urban agglomeration, which comprises the city and its suburbs, was home to approximately 8.9 million, making it the fourth most populous metropolitan area in the country and 31st largest urban area in the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification of Eutrophication in Old Pallavaram Wetland, Chennai
    International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Volume 119 No. 16 2018, 4719-4725 ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version) url: http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/ Special Issue http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/ IDENTIFICATION OF EUTROPHICATION IN OLD PALLAVARAM WETLAND, CHENNAI E. Santhosh kirubhakaran1,([email protected]), Civil Department, Saveetha University, Chennai, A.Anitha2, Civil Department, Saveetha University, Chennai. B.Subhashini , Assistant Professor of Civil Department, Saveetha University, Chennai. Abstract: This Present study is to understand in understanding eutrophication in old the Phosphorus behavior in Water body pallavaram wetland using both water and sediments and different chemical forms of sediment . The work is carried out by studying phosphorus is present in sediments. This study phosphorous fractionation in water. The was done by collecting surface sediments influence of silicon in phosphorous release is samples from lakes. These samples were also carried out by studying silicate analyzed mainly for nutrients, and phosphorus concentration water sediment column. fractionation. The old pallavaram wetland , once a sprawling water body covering around 189 The Old Pallavaram (Periyaaeri; 12°57′30.73″N, sections of land, has contracted to a little on the 80°9′5.7″E), dates back to 600 A.D were the lines of a lake on one side and a hillock of trash Pallavas have left titles in early Pallava script at on the other. The dumping of waste from all the the cave temple in Pallavaram. Pallavaram is 42 wards of the Pallavaram Municipality for considered to be one of the oldest inhabited about 10 years is the principle purpose behind places in South India.
    [Show full text]
  • Session – 3 River and Drainage System In
    SESSION – 3 RIVER AND DRAINAGE SYSTEM IN CMA Session – III Waterways in Chennai Thiru T.Kanthimathinathan, Eexecutive Engineer, PWD & Nodal Officer, Cooum Sub Basin Restoration & Management CHENNAI METROPOLITAN AREA • Chennai Metropolitan Area (CMA) covers 1189 Sq. Km. present population about 75 Lakhs projected to 98 Lakhs in 2011 • Chennai City covers 176 Sq. Km. having Terrain slope varying from 1 : 5000 to 1 : 10,000 • The City is drained by 2 rivers besides a number of major & minor drains through Buckingham Canal into Sea via Ennore Creek, Cooum mouth, Adyar mouth and Kovalam Creek. • Major Flood Events in Chennai City experienced during 1943, 1976, 1985,1996 & 2005 177 RIVERS AND DRAINAGE SYSTEM OF CHENNAI METROPOLITAN AREA Km. Orgin in Km. in Km. System in Sq.Km. 2005 in C/s. 2005 in C/s. Capacity in Capacity C/s Bed width in M. in Bed width River / Drainage Anticipated flood flood Anticipated discharge/ Presnet discharge/ Presnet Length in CMA in in CMA Length Flood discharge in Flood discharge with Bay of Bengal Total Length in Km. in Length Total Length in City Limits Limits in City Length Total Catchment Area Area Catchment Total Location of confluence confluence Location of RIVERS Krishnapuram (AP) for nagri am / 150 Kaveripakkam 125000/ Kosasthalaiyar Ennore Creek 136 16 3757 to 90000 (Vellore District) 110000 250 for Kosasthalaiyar arm Cooum Tank (Thiruvallur Cooum District) 40 to 22000/ Cooum Mouth near 72 18 40 400 21500 Kesavaram for 120 19500 Napier Bridge diversion from Kosasthalaiyar 10.50 Adanur Tank near 60000/
    [Show full text]
  • A Review on Emerging Contaminants in Indian Waters and Their Treatment Technologies
    p-ISSN: 0972-6268 Nature Environment and Pollution Technology (Print copies up to 2016) Vol. 19 No. 2 pp. 549-562 2020 An International Quarterly Scientific Journal e-ISSN: 2395-3454 Original Research Paper Originalhttps://doi.org/10.46488/NEPT.2020.v19i02.010 Research Paper Open Access Journal A Review on Emerging Contaminants in Indian Waters and Their Treatment Technologies Riya Ann Mathew*† and S. Kanmani** *Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States **Centre for Environmental Studies, Anna University, Chennai-600025, Tamil Nadu, India †Corresponding author: Riya Ann Mathew; [email protected] ABSTRACT Nat. Env. & Poll. Tech. Website: www.neptjournal.com Emerging contaminants (ECs) have been detected recently in many water bodies across India. Studies have found the presence of ECs in surface water, groundwater, stormwater, treated wastewater, treated Received: 04-09-2019 industrial effluent, bottled water and snow from glaciers in Indo-Chinese border which contaminate Accepted: 18-12-2019 water bodies. The surface water recharges the groundwater, thereby the ECs make their way to deep Key Words: water aquifers. The soil also gets contaminated and plants can uptake ECs. These micropollutants can Emerging contaminants; cause adverse ecological and human health effects. Antimicrobial resistance of bacteria to commonly Persistent organic used antibiotics has been observed in India. An exhaustive review of emerging contaminants in Indian pollutants; Ozonation; waters and their treatment technologies has been carried out. Antibiotic-resistant genes can be easily Photocatalytic degradation transferred resulting in a plethora of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria which can cause devastating effects on human health.
    [Show full text]
  • OA : 37 of 2012
    OA : 37 of 2012 “Officials say bio-mining over at Pallavaram Lake, here’s the truth” News Item in The Times of India newspaper, Chennai Edition dated 17th August 2021 CHENNAI: The Pallavaram municipality has informed the National Green Tribunal (NGT) southern zone that it has completed biomining of solid waste dumped at Pallavaram Lake but photos taken by TOI show large quantities of solid waste still at the site. Bio-mining is the process of converting garbage into useful resources with the help of bio-organisms, air and sunlight. The municipality, during the hearing on July 16, claimed it has completed the bio-mining process when in reality it had dealt with only a portion of the accumulated waste. In its submission to the NGT, the local body claimed that it estimated around 1 lakh cubic metres of waste was dumped at the site and that a private firm named Sigma Global Environ Solutions Private Limited was engaged for biomining. It added that the firm, on July 31, completed the work. TOI’s visit on Saturday showed the water body was still covered with waste. When TOI asked about it, municipality officials acknowledged that there was still solid waste covering the water body. A source from the local body said the private firm dealt with only 1 lakh cubic metres of waste, the initial estimate for which work orders were issued. Now, the municipality has approached Anna University for help to estimate the quantity of remaining waste to issue fresh work orders. This aspect of the issue was excluded from its submissions to NGT.
    [Show full text]
  • Citizen's Report on the 2015 Floods in Chennai
    Citizen’s report on the 2015 floods in Chennai A documentation of urban flood management and disaster preparedness for lessons for urban governance This is a collaborative report undertaken by CAG as part of the WFC Initiative. 1 Acknowledgements This report was collated by the Citizen consumer and civic Action Group (CAG) as part of the Way Forward Chennai initiative and was supported by a grant from Action Aid. It was edited by Rajesh Ramamoorthy, with support from Satyarupa Shekhar and Om Prakash Singh, CAG with overall guidance and support from Kirtee Shah, INHAF and Tara Murali, CAG. About CAG CAG came into existence on 7 October 1985 as a non-profit, non-political, non-religious, voluntary and professional citizens group based in Chennai, India. Specifically, issues affecting the common citizen such as extreme pollution, lack of access to information, poor quality health care and civic amenities have emerged as priorities in the work undertaken by CAG. Making good governance a reality has been CAG’s mission which is largely done by demanding transparency and accountability and by promoting participatory decision making. To achieve this CAG interacts with the government and provides inputs for better governance. CAG firmly believes in a bottom-up approach for decision making especially with regard to planning processes the government undertakes, and this requires involving stakeholders to achieve a participatory decision making process. CAG addresses various issues such as urban planning with regard to developmental activities in
    [Show full text]