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Nicolaus Copernicus Immanuel Kant
NICOLAUS COPERNICUS IMMANUEL KANT The book was published as part of the project: “Tourism beyond the boundaries – tourism routes of the cross-border regions of Russia and North-East Poland” in the part of the activity concerning the publishing of the book “On the Trail of Outstanding Historic Personages. Nicolaus Copernicus – Immanuel Kant” 2 Jerzy Sikorski • Janusz Jasiński ON THE TRAIL OF OUTSTANDING HISTORIC PERSONAGES NICOLAUS COPERNICUS IMMANUEL KANT TWO OF THE GREATEST FIGURES OF SCIENCE ON ONCE PRUSSIAN LANDS “ElSet” Publishing Studio, Olsztyn 2020 PREFACE The area of former Prussian lands, covering the southern coastal strip of the Baltic between the lower Vistula and the lower Nemunas is an extremely complicated region full of turmoil and historical twists. The beginning of its history goes back to the times when Prussian tribes belonging to the Balts lived here. Attempts to Christianize and colonize these lands, and finally their conquest by the Teutonic Order are a clear beginning of their historical fate and changing In 1525, when the Great Master relations between the Kingdom of Poland, the State of the Teutonic Order and of the Teutonic Order, Albrecht Lithuania. The influence of the Polish Crown, Royal Prussia and Warmia on the Hohenzollern, paid homage to the one hand, and on the other hand, further state transformations beginning with Polish King, Sigismund I the Old, former Teutonic state became a Polish the Teutonic Order, through Royal Prussia, dependent and independent from fief and was named Ducal Prussia. the Commonwealth, until the times of East Prussia of the mid 20th century – is The borders of the Polish Crown since the times of theTeutonic state were a melting pot of events, wars and social transformations, as well as economic only changed as a result of subsequent and cultural changes, whose continuity was interrupted as a result of decisions partitions of Poland in 1772, 1793, madeafter the end of World War II. -
KOMUNIKATY MAZURSKO-WARMIŃSKIE Kwartalnik Nr 4(302)2(292)
625 Archiwum Państwowe w Olsztynie Towarzystwo Naukowe i Ośrodek Badań Naukowych im. Wojciecha Kętrzyńskiego KOMUNIKATY MAZURSKO-WARMIŃSKIE Kwartalnik nr 2(292)4(302) Olsztyn 2018 Olsztyn 2016 K626 OMUNIKATY MAZURSKO-WARMIŃSKIE Czasopismo poświęcone przeszłości ziem Polski północno-wschodniej RADA REDAKCYJNA: Stanisław Achremczyk ((przewodniczący),przewodniczący), Darius Baronas, Janusz Jasiński, IgorNorbert Kąkolewski, Kasparek, Olgierd Igor Kąkolewski, Kiec, Andrzej Olgierd Kopiczko, Kiec, AndreasAndrzej Kossert,Kopicz- Jurijko, Andreas Kostiaszow, Kossert, Cezary Jurij Kostiaszow,Kuklo, Ruth Cezary Leiserowitz, Kuklo, RuthJanusz Leiserowitz, Małłek, Sylva Janusz Pocyté, Mał- Tadeuszłek, Silva Stegner, Pocytė, MathiasTadeusz Wagner,Stegner, MathiasEdmund Wagner Wojnowski REDAGUJĄ: GrzegorzGrzegorz Białuński,Białuński, Ryszard Grzegorz Tomkiewicz Jasiński (redaktor)(redaktor,), JerzyJerzy Kiełbik, AlinaPiotr AmbroziakKuzborska ( redakcja(redakcja językowa: językowa: język język niemiecki niemiecki)), Karol, Bohdan Maciejko Łukaszewicz, (z–ca sekre- Aleksandertarza), Aleksander Pluskowski Pluskowski (redakcja (redakcja językowa: językowa: język język angielski) angielski, ),Jerzy Jerzy Sikorski, Seweryn Szczepański (sekretarz)(sekretarz, ,redakcja Ryszard językowa:Tomkiewicz język rosyjski) SKŁAD I ŁAMANIE: Patrycja Szymańska Instrukcja dla autorów dostępna jest na stronie internetowej pisma Instrukcja dla autorów dostępna jest na stronie internetowej pisma WydanoWydano dzięki dzięki wsparciuwsparciu finansowemufinansowemu MarszałkaArchiwum -
Iscellanea M
Historical Biography of Warmia and Masuria 729 M ISCELLANEA Stanisław Achremczyk HISTORICAL BIOGRAPHY OF WARMIA AND MASURIA Słowa kluczowe: Warmia i Mazury, biografie, kultura, nauka, historia Schlüsselwörter: Ermland und Masuren, Biographie, Kultur, Wissenschaft, Historie Keywords: Warmia and Masuria, biographies, culture, science, history The incorporation of South East Prussia into the Polish state and its settle- ment by settlers from different parts of the Republic of Poland posed the question of how to build a regional identity, how to break off with the sense of temporari- ness that has long dominated the lives of the inhabitants, how to finally familiarize them with the cultural landscape and the history of the lands called Warmia and Masuria. Historical research was supposed to help build a regional identity and this was obvious to people of culture, even to people of politics. The history of Polish presence in Warmia and Masuria in particular was supposed to be a binding agent uniting people and confirming that they are not intruders on this land but a continuation of historical settlement processes. In order to show such processes, first, it was necessary to build a workshop of historical research in the form of book collections, archives, iconography and museum collections, and secondly, to organise a research team and humanities environment in Olsztyn. While thanks to the generosity of Emilia Sukertowa-Biedrawina, Bishop Jan Obłąk, Dr. Władysław Adamczyk, and Hieronim Skurpski, the priceless archival collections, book collec- tions and painting collections were saved from destruction, the creation of a team of serious researchers required some time. It also required institutional solutions. -
KOMUNIKATY MAZURSKO-WARMIŃSKIE Kwartalnik Nr 4(302)2(292)
625 Archiwum Państwowe w Olsztynie Towarzystwo Naukowe i Ośrodek Badań Naukowych im. Wojciecha Kętrzyńskiego KOMUNIKATY MAZURSKO-WARMIŃSKIE Kwartalnik nr 2(292)4(302) Olsztyn 2018 Olsztyn 2016 K626 OMUNIKATY MAZURSKO-WARMIŃSKIE Czasopismo poświęcone przeszłości ziem Polski północno-wschodniej RADA REDAKCYJNA: Stanisław Achremczyk ((przewodniczący),przewodniczący), Darius Baronas, Janusz Jasiński, IgorNorbert Kąkolewski, Kasparek, Olgierd Igor Kąkolewski, Kiec, Andrzej Olgierd Kopiczko, Kiec, AndreasAndrzej Kossert,Kopicz- Jurijko, Andreas Kostiaszow, Kossert, Cezary Jurij Kostiaszow,Kuklo, Ruth Cezary Leiserowitz, Kuklo, RuthJanusz Leiserowitz, Małłek, Sylva Janusz Pocyté, Mał- Tadeuszłek, Silva Stegner, Pocytė, MathiasTadeusz Wagner,Stegner, MathiasEdmund Wagner Wojnowski REDAGUJĄ: GrzegorzGrzegorz Białuński,Białuński, Ryszard Grzegorz Tomkiewicz Jasiński (redaktor)(redaktor,), JerzyJerzy Kiełbik, AlinaPiotr AmbroziakKuzborska ( redakcja(redakcja językowa: językowa: język język niemiecki niemiecki)), Karol, Bohdan Maciejko Łukaszewicz, (z–ca sekre- Aleksandertarza), Aleksander Pluskowski Pluskowski (redakcja (redakcja językowa: językowa: język język angielski) angielski, ),Jerzy Jerzy Sikorski, Seweryn Szczepański (sekretarz)(sekretarz, ,redakcja Ryszard językowa:Tomkiewicz język rosyjski) SKŁAD I ŁAMANIE: Patrycja Szymańska Instrukcja dla autorów dostępna jest na stronie internetowej pisma Instrukcja dla autorów dostępna jest na stronie internetowej pisma Tłumaczenie zostało sfinansowane ze środków Ministerstwa Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego. -
Rticles and Papers A
Warmia and Masuria in the face of the rebirth 703 A RTICLES AND PAPERS Jan Chłosta WARMIA AND MASURIA IN THE FACE OF THE REBIRTH OF THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND IN 1918 It is not easy to indicate such regions as Warmia and Masuria, which in the second half of the 19th century appeared in the consciousness of Poles as areas with a Polish past and at the same time necessary for independent Poland due to the geographical location. Such a reflection must come to light at the moment of cele- brating the centenary of Poland’s regaining independence. In the memorable 1918, although it was not yet possible to realise the desires of some nationally conscious Warmians and Masurians for these lands to become part of the Republic of Poland. And it was very close during that time. 1 From the fifteenth century to the later years, visitors from Mazovia and Chełmno settled on the land of pagan Prussia conquered by the Teutonic Knights with the intention of conversion to Christianity. They used Polish and brought their customs to where they settled. They re-developed these lands, which had been aban- doned one after another after the destruction during the Polish-Teutonic wars, later the Swedish wars, or after the outbreak of epidemics. With time, in the southern part of East Prussia newcomers began to dominate the civilisation and absorbed the rescued Prussians. On the northern ends of this land colonists from western Germany had settled slightly earlier. They founded towns, dried the soil, cut down roads through the forest, and started trade routes. -
16. Kobelska.Indd
ARTICLES Adela Kobelska Th e “Regional” in Polish Literary Studies before 1939. From Romantic Local Colour to Interwar Literary Regionalism* I One of the current recurring themes and terms of literary studies is the “regional”. It indicates a whole discursive fi eld combining not only such topics as centre and periphery or locality and globality (as well as glocality as a new concept undermining and trans-forming old dualistic oppositions), but somehow encompassing also phenomenological and poststructuralist studies of space as a dimension of personal and cultural imagination and memory, as well as outcomes of spatial analyses of cultural semiotics. Focusing on individual or collective experience embedded in particular places draws attention to their specifi cities and therefore sheds some light on regions as accurately scaled entities – or better – communities. Th is perspective changes the way of understanding cultural and biographical experience. Seen as place-less, it seemed to be the same or very similar for diff erent people in distant places (therefore for many years we were, for example, talking about one modernism instead of many of them located in diff erent places etc.). Experience, which has been seen as the same one shared by many, now multiples, being examined as rooted in specifi c geographical areas. Each of its local variations turns out to be unique and exceeding a simplistic universal vision derived from the meaning coined in the infl uential cultural centre. It changes the ways of understanding representations of experience. And that is the reason why contemporary ⃰ Th is publication has been prepared as part of the following NCN (National Science Centre) research grant: NCN 2014/13/B/HS2/00310 “Wiek teorii. -
KMW 2018 4 Szczepanski.Pdf
Gustaw Gizewiusz (1810–1848) 627 A RTICLES AND PAPERS Seweryn Szczepański GUSTAW GIZEWIUSZ (1810–1848) PASTOR FROM EAST PRUSSIAN OSTERODE (OSTRÓDA), DEFENDER OF POLISHNESS, RESEARCHER OF FOLKLORE AND PREHISTORY IN THE TIMES OF ROMANTICISM Słowa kluczowe: polska mowa na Mazurach, pieśni mazurskie, folklorystyka, prahistoria Schlüsselwörter: polnische Sprache in Masurenland, Masurische Lieder, Folklore, Vorgeschichte Keywords: Polish speech in Masuria, songs of the Masurians, folklore, prahistory A great deal has been said and written about Gustaw Gizewiusz (or Gustav Gisevius). From what we find according to various sources, studies on his life and biographical notes, an extraordinary character emerges for those times. As a pastor, he was remembered as a man of considerable theological knowledge, but also as a skilful parish manager and good clergyman. As a political journalist and defender of the Polishness of Masurians living in Prussia, he appears to be an advocate of their rights to cultivate the Polish language. As a citizen of the Prussian state, we see him as a loyal servant of the king, but also a supporter of the changes brought about by the Spring of Nations in 1848. As a Polish patriot, we see him as an intellectual who develops cooperation with the elite circles of the Kingdom of Poland and the Republic of Cracow. Above all, however, he was remembered as a collector of Pol- ish songs of the Masurians. However, we know less about his interests in various “antiquities”, i.e. archaeological artefacts from the Ostróda area. As it turns out he also became famous among specialists in this field as a collector of artefacts, who thanks to him broadened their knowledge about the distant past of Prussia.