DOCSLIB.ORG

61-68, 2001 Genus Doriopsilla Bergh (Gastropoda

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
61-68, 2001 Genus Doriopsilla Bergh (Gastropoda BASTERIA, 65: 61-68, 2001 A new of Nudibranchiaofthe species genusDoriopsilla Bergh (Gastropoda, Opisthobranchia) from SouthAfrica Antonio+S. Perrone Via Palermo 7, 73014 Gallipoli, Italy A of the nudibranch new species genus Doriopsilla Bergh, 1880,D. debruini, is described from Hout South is Bay, Africa. The new species distinguished externally by a number oflarge dark brown the of sheaths and notch patches, presence high rhinophore a very deep on the ante- rior foot. the of the is for the with the Internally arrangement organs typical genus presence of female and flat Differences between the a large gland a prostatic gland. known species are tabulated. Key words: Opisthobranchia, Nudibranchia, Dendrodorididae, Doriopsilla, South Africa, taxonomy. INTRODUCTION The genus Doriopsilla (family Dendrodorididae) was established by Bergh (1880) and the type species, Doriopsilla areolata, was described from the MediterraneanSea. Further known from Doriopsilla species are different seas (Alder & Hancock, 1864; D'Oliveira, 1895; Baba, 1949; Marcus, 1961; Burn, 1962, 1989; Marcus & Marcus, 1967; Edmunds, 1968; Meyer, 1977; Valdes & Behrens, 1998; Gosliner, Schaefer & Millen, 1999, etc.). Some ascribed Dendrodoris Doriopsilla species were to (Allan, 1933; Pruvot-Fol, 1951, 1954; Behrens, 1980, 1991; McDonald & Nybakken, 1981; McDonald, 1983; Baba, 1933, since 1949) the two are similar. the was genera superficially Recently genus Doriopsilla reviewed Valdes but (Valdes, 1996; & Ortea, 1997) the numberof valid species is uncer- tain. Four species are known from South Africa (Bergh, 1907; Gosliner, 1987) and only of these named. One of the unnamed South African two are species shows the typical habitus of Doriopsilla but with a peculiar pattern consisting of large darkbrown patches brown notal The on a pale background. present species is part of a collection of nudi- branchs from South Africa and it is here described as a new species. METHODS observed the Living specimens were in field, collectedby SCUBA and relaxed in a 7% C12 solutionmixed with an volume of seawater frozen The Mg. equal or in seawater. spe- cimens fixed 10% buffered formalin - were in a seawater solution and preserved in 70% ETOH. The material was dissected under Leica MZ and preserved a microscope anat- omical illustrations made were using a drawing tube. Anatomical preparations were stai- ned with methylene blue or carmine and studied by light microscopy. 62 BASTERIA, Vol. 65, No. 1-3, 2001 DESCRIPTION nov. 1A—B, 2A-C, 3A- F, Doriopsilla debruini spec. (figs 4A—B) 1, 1987: 89, 150. Doriopsilla sp. Gosliner, fig. 1-10 B. Material. — South Africa, Cape Peninsula, (1) Hout Bay, m depth, under stone, XII.1999, De Bruin, 1 specimen, microscope slides, colour transparencies, ASP 5357; (2) Hout Bay, 1-10 m depth, under stones, XII.1999, B. De Bruin, 2 specimens, microscope slides, colour transparencies, ASP 5400 - 5401; (3) Hout XII. B. De Bruin, 1 colour Bay, 1-10 m depth, under stone, 1999, specimen, transparencies (holotype), B. 2 Museum ofZoology, Roma; (4) Hout Bay, 1-10 m depth, under stones, XII. 1999, De Bruin, specimens, microscope slides, colour transparencies, ASP 5403 - 5404. — The have with stiffe- Morphology. living specimens a rigid notum, a rough texture ned by a subepidermal network ofneedle-shaped calcareous spicules, and range from 23- The dorsum covered with rounded tubercles of dif- 37 mm in length (fig. 1A-B). entire is ferent sizes stiffened by needle-shaped calcareous spicules (fig. 3A). These spicules are and their from the The back- radially arranged points are slightly projecting epidermis. ground colour of the notum and the foot is pale brown. The pattern on the dorsum con- of than of dark brown The sists a number, usually more 20, patches (fig. 2A-C). patches have a uniform pigmentation but in some specimens the centre of each patch is paler thanthe edge (fig. 3A). The largest tubercles are sparsely distributed but frequent on the the The brown central notum, slowly decreasing in size towards margin. orange rhinop- hores be withdrawn into sheaths. Each sheath is with 8 may high rhinophoral provided or more tubercles on its upper margin (fig. 3C). The rhinophores are perfoliate with lamellae There more than 20 oblique (fig. 3B). are nine tripinnate gills surrounding an The tentacles with ventral eccentric strong anal papilla. oral are long, a groove. They are fused only on their proximal tract and developed in a transversal direction (fig. 3F). The visible anterior borderof the foot has a deep median notch, where the buccal aperture is and overlies the oral tentacles. — buccal Anatomy. The mouth (fig. 3F) leads, through a vestibule, into a strongly mus- cular pharyngeal bulb, oval in shape and without radula. The tubular pharynx passes through the central nerve ring leading into the straight, cylindrical oesophagus (fig. 4A). Then it enters the brown digestive gland. The intestine comes to the surface in front of the heart. It crosses the proximal aorta and curves to the right, reaching the anal papilla with a loop. Some specimens show a round protuberance at the point of the intestinal emersion (pyloric caecum), but in large specimens this is not evident. The nervous has the of the with the buccal close the system typical arrangement genus, ganglia by central ring. The reproductive system is characterized by a bulky, pink coloured female gland (nidamental gland plus white mucous gland). The ovotestis is visible on the digesti- A ve gland as a pale yellow layer on the maroon background. short hermaphroditic duct leads into an elongate and convoluted ampulla. The ampulla becomes narrower and enters the female gland. The vaginal duct and the proximal deferent duct enter the fema- le the The flattened lobe gland at same point (fig. 4B). prostatic gland is a large covering the whitish vesicles and part of the female gland. The deferent duct is wider than the duct 4B these two ducts into vaginal (fig. 4B), running together (in fig. are spaced out) a common atrium. Penial hooks are hardly observed on the internal wall ofthe distal defe- duct with the duct ends with rent no apparent regular arrangement. Proximally vaginal Perrone: A new Doriopsilla from S. Africa 63 1. A, Fig. Doriopsilla debruini, Hout Bay, South Africa, 26 mm long; B, D. debruini holotype, Hout Bay, South Africa, 28 mm long; photographs A. S. Perrone. a soft bag-shaped bursa copulatrix. The aorta runs from the heart to a narrow and flat coloured blood pale gland (fig. 4A). The heart and the aorta are ochre or dark red in fresh material. Ecology. — Specimens of Doriopsilla debruini were encountered under stones in subti- dal communities.No associated observed. sponge was 64 BASTERIA, Vol. 65, No. 1-3, 2001 Fig. 2. Doriopsilla debruini,pattern. A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, side view. Distribution. — Doriopsilla debruini spec. nov. is known only from Hout Bay, South Africa. Etymology. — The epithet is after the collector, Bruno De Bruin. Discussion. — Doriopsilla and Dendrodoris are both included in the family Dendrodorididae.The two taxa share the absence ofa radulaand the labial cuticle as a of method. Inboth taxa the oral tentacles consequence a convergent sucking feeding are duct armed with reduced but show a variety of shapes and the deferent is hooks, Perrone: A new Doriopsillafrom S. Africa 65 Fig. 3. Doriopsilla debruini, morphology. A, arrangement of the notal tubercles; B, rhinophore; of the foot C, rhinophore sheaths; D, upper margin gill pocket; E, gill circlet; F, anterior and oral tentacles. Abbreviations: the tubercles. AN, anus; GR, groove; M, mouth; PAT, patch on notum; TB, 66 BASTERIA, Vol. 65, No. 1-3, 2001 4. A, dorsal view of the dissected the Fig. Doriopsilla debruini, anatomy. anatomy; B, reproductive organs, is Abbreviations: AN, AO, BC, bursa BG, blood DG, ampulla omitted. anus; aorta; copulatrix; gland; digesti- ve gland; FG, female gland; H, heart; I, intestine; OT, oral tube; P, penis; PH, tubular pharynx; PR, prostatic gland; VGD, vaginal duct. Doriopsilla differs fromDendrodorisin the following characters: (1) a rigid body stiffened inDendrodoris the by spicules (spicules are present during juvenile stage); (2) a develop- ed network of spicules in the notum and foot, often with a regular arrangement; (3) tubercles stiffened left ofthe the by spicules; (4) eccentric position anus in gill circlet; (5) a groove on the reduced oral tentacles; (6) absence ofthe ptyaline gland; (7) position of the buccal ganglia close by the central ring; (8) the proximal connection of the seminal vesicles. The flat shape of the prostate is a widespread feature and it was proposed as a of for Ortea, However, character diagnostic value the genus Doriopsilla (Valdes & 1997). since at least three species of Doriopsilla have a tubular prostatic gland (table 1), the flat prostate should not be a diagnostic characterof the genus. Doriopsilla appears to be a not very diverse genus but dataobtained from literature are members The not sufficient for an adequate comparison of all its (table 1). new species, D. debruini, has the diagnostic characters of Doriopsilla and clearly belongs to this genus. Perrone: A S. new Doriopsilla from Africa 67 It shares the background notal colourwithDoriopsilla laevis Beigh, 1905, but the latter is a poorly known species and its taxonomic status should be considered uncertain.A dark of phase Doriopsilla peculiaris was reported by Burn (1989). Its colourresembles that ofD. debruinibut it differs in the and the of white The cream tonality pattern opaque spots. presence oflarge dark brown patches on the notum is a unique pattern amongDoriopsilla while it is in Dendrodoris. External ofD. debruini the spp., widespread autapomorphies are of following: (1) presence high rhinophore sheaths; (2) a very deep notch on the anteri- or foot. D. debruini has long and transversally developed oral tentacles. Long tentacles are reported for D. pharpa (Valdes & Ortea, 1997) and D.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nudibranch Range Shifts Associated with the 2014 Warm Anomaly in the Northeast Pacific
    Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences Volume 115 | Issue 1 Article 2 4-26-2016 Nudibranch Range Shifts associated with the 2014 Warm Anomaly in the Northeast Pacific Jeffrey HR Goddard University of California, Santa Barbara, [email protected] Nancy Treneman University of Oregon William E. Pence Douglas E. Mason California High School Phillip M. Dobry See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.oxy.edu/scas Part of the Marine Biology Commons, Population Biology Commons, and the Zoology Commons Recommended Citation Goddard, Jeffrey HR; Treneman, Nancy; Pence, William E.; Mason, Douglas E.; Dobry, Phillip M.; Green, Brenna; and Hoover, Craig (2016) "Nudibranch Range Shifts associated with the 2014 Warm Anomaly in the Northeast Pacific," Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences: Vol. 115: Iss. 1. Available at: https://scholar.oxy.edu/scas/vol115/iss1/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by OxyScholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences by an authorized editor of OxyScholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Nudibranch Range Shifts associated with the 2014 Warm Anomaly in the Northeast Pacific Cover Page Footnote We thank Will and Ziggy Goddard for their expert assistance in the field, Jackie Sones and Eric Sanford of the Bodega Marine Laboratory for sharing their observations and knowledge of the intertidal fauna of Bodega Head and Sonoma County, and David Anderson of the National Park Service and Richard Emlet of the University of Oregon for sharing their respective observations of Okenia rosacea in northern California and southern Oregon.
    [Show full text]
  • Australasian Nudibranch News
    australasian nudibranchNEWS No.6 February 1999 Ceratosoma brevicuadatum Editors Notes Abraham, 1867 Helmut Debilius’s second edition of Nudibranchs and Sea Snails is now This species is endemic to the temper- available (see review page 4). Neville Coleman has supplied the updated spe- ate southern Australia, from Cape Byron in cies list for his Nudibranchs of the South Pacific (see page 3). For the full up- the east to Houtman Abrolhos in the west. It date, including the new distribution notes, send an email and we will forward a is the dominate species in Victorian waters. copy. The body and mantle colour can be The Port Stephens nudibranch list has drawn some attention, a film maker bright red, pink, orange, pale brown or yel- recently contacted us after seeing the list on our web site. We are now looking low and bear red, blue or purple spots often at how we can assist him in making a documentory on the Rocky Shore. All with white rings. The rhinophores and specimens are to be photographed and then released unharmed. tripinnate gills are the same colour as the Surfing the nudibranch sites recently I came across a site created by Lim mantle and foot. Yun Ping. Have a look at http://arl.nus.edu.sg/mandar/yp/EPIC/nudi.html The body is firm, high, slender and in- flexible. The mantle has a continuous wavy notal ridge which develops into a posterior Feedback mantle projection. This distinguishes it from In answer to Lindsay Warren's request for information: tropical species which have elongated and Helmut's book (Edition one): recurved projections.This species can grow page 139 (middle): is Philinopsis cyanea.
    [Show full text]
  • Integrative Systematics of the Genus Limacia in the Eastern Pacific
    Mar Biodiv DOI 10.1007/s12526-017-0676-5 ORIGINAL PAPER Integrative systematics of the genus Limacia O. F. Müller, 1781 (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia, Nudibranchia, Polyceridae) in the Eastern Pacific Roberto A. Uribe1 & Fabiola Sepúlveda2 & Jeffrey H. R. Goddard3 & Ángel Valdés4 Received: 6 December 2016 /Revised: 22 February 2017 /Accepted: 27 February 2017 # Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2017 Abstract Morphological examination and molecular analy- from Baja California to Panama. Species delimitation analyses ses of specimens of the genus Limacia collected in the based on molecular data and unique morphological traits from Eastern Pacific Ocean indicate that four species of Limacia the dorsum, radula, and reproductive systems are useful in occur in the region. Limacia cockerelli,previouslyconsidered distinguishing these species to range from Alaska to Baja California, is common only in the northern part of its former range. An undescribed Keywords Mollusca . New species . Molecular taxonomy . pseudocryptic species, previously included as L. cockerelli, Pseudocryptic species occurs from Northern California to the Baja California Peninsula and is the most common species of Limacia in Southern California and Northern Mexico. Another new spe- Introduction cies similar to L. cockerelli is described from Antofagasta, Chile and constitutes the first record of the genus Limacia in Molecular markers have become a powerful tool in tax- the Southeastern Pacific Ocean. These two new species are onomy, systematics and phylogeny, allowing researchers formally described herein. Finally, Limacia janssi is a genet- to assess whether morphological variations correspond to ically and morphologically distinct tropical species ranging different species or merely represent intra-specific pheno- typic expression due to environmental variation (Hebert Communicated by V.
    [Show full text]
  • Last Reprint Indexed Is 004480
    17 September 2009 Nudibranch Systematic Index page - 1 NUDIBRANCH SYSTEMATIC INDEX Second Online Edition compiled by Gary McDonald 17 September 2009 Gary McDonald, Long Marine Lab, 100 Shaffer Rd., Santa Cruz, Cal. 95060 17 September 2009 Nudibranch Systematic Index page - 2 This is an index of the more than 7,000 nudibranch reprints and books in my collection. I have indexed them only for information concerning systematics, taxonomy, nomenclature, & description of taxa (as these are my areas of interest, and to have tried to index for areas such as physiology, behavior, ecology, neurophysiology, anatomy, etc. would have made the job too large and I would have given up long ago). This is a working list and as such may contain errors, but it should allow you to quickly find information concerning the description, taxonomy, or systematics of almost any species of nudibranch. The phylogenetic hierarchy used is based on Traite de Zoologie, with a few additions and changes (since this is intended to be an index, and not a definitive classification, I have not attempted to update the hierarchy to reflect recent changes). The full citation for any of the authors and dates listed may be found in the nudibranch bibliography at http://repositories.cdlib.org/ims/Bibliographia_Nudibranchia_second_edition/. Names in square brackets and preceded by an equal sign are synonyms which were listed as such in at least one of the cited papers. If only a generic name is listed in square brackets after a species name, it indicates that the generic allocation of the species has changed, but the specific epithet is the same.
    [Show full text]
  • Spongivory by Nudibranchs on the Coast of Rio De Janeiro State, Southeastern Brazil
    ©Zoologische Staatssammlung München/Verlag Friedrich Pfeil; download www.pfeil-verlag.de SPIXIANA 38 2 187-195 München, Dezember 2015 ISSN 0341-8391 Spongivory by nudibranchs on the coast of Rio de Janeiro state, southeastern Brazil (Mollusca, Gastropoda) Thalita Belmonte, Juliana Alvim, Vinicius Padula & Guilherme Muricy Belmonte, T., Alvim, J., Padula, V. & Muricy, G. 2015. Spongivory by nudibranchs on the coast of Rio de Janeiro state, southeastern Brazil (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Spixiana 38 (2): 187-195. Nudibranch gastropods are carnivores and most dorid nudibranchs are spongi- vores, preying on a single or a few species of sponges. The feeding biology has important biological, ecological and evolutionary implications, and many charac- teristics of nudibranchs likely arose from co-evolution with diet organisms. Data on spongivory by dorid nudibranchs are available for many species from the Indo- Pacific, eastern Pacific and the Mediterranean Sea, but such information is scarce for the southwestern Atlantic. In this study we provide qualitative data on spongi- vory by dorid nudibranchs along the coast of Rio de Janeiro State, southeastern Brazil, including the identification of the species involved. A total of 94 spongi- vory events were observed between 12 nudibranch and 13 sponge species, greatly expanding our knowledge of predator-prey interactions. Among the sponges preyed upon, one species belongs to the class Homoscleromorpha (Plakina sp.) and 12 species to the class Demospongiae. Our observations show that spongivorous nudibranchs have a more diverse diet than previously thought. Additional observa- tions on a higher number of species from different biogeographic regions are needed for a better understanding of the feeding preferences of the diverse and ecologically important spongivorous dorid nudibranchs.
    [Show full text]
  • First Record of Dendrodoris Atromaculata (Alder & Hancock
    Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2018; 6(2): 2663-2666 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 First record of Dendrodoris atromaculata (Alder & JEZS 2018; 6(2): 2663-2666 © 2018 JEZS Hancock, 1864) from West coast of India Received: 26-01-2018 Accepted: 28-02-2018 Piyush Vadher Piyush Vadher and Hitesh Kardani Senior Research Fellow Fisheries Research Station Abstract Junagadh Agricultural University, Sikka, Jamnagar, Present study reports the first record of nudibranch Dendrodoris atromaculata (Alder & Hancock, 1864) Gujarat, India from west coast of India. The last known record of this species from the Pulicat Lake of Bay of Bengal, India. The species is rare in the Indian waters. A single specimen was observed in seaweed Hitesh Kardani (Spatoglossum asperum) at 0.5-meter depth. Description, Geographic location and Photographs of live Assistant Professor specimen are given. Fisheries Research Station Junagadh Agricultural Keywords: Nudibranch, Dendrodoris atromaculata, first record, Gulf of Kachchh, Gujarat University, Sikka, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India Introduction Nudibranch are brightly coloured marine molluscs. Nudibranchs, meaning “naked gills” [1] consist of soft-bodied sea slugs . Around 3,400 nudibranch species were reported from the Indo-West Pacific regions [2]. Nudibranchs are found in coral reef, tidal pools, seaweeds, sponges, etc. Nudibranch’s important role in marine food chains. Nudibranch is carnivorous, feeding on coral, sponge, tunicate, hydroid, bryozoan, anemone, etc. Many nudibranch [1] secretion of toxic, colour, chemical as a tool for defence . The nudibranch genus Dendrodoris was described by Ehrenberg (1831). Dendrodoris atromaculata has wide distribution in different parts of Indo-West Pacific Ocean [3] and Bay of Bengal [4].
    [Show full text]
  • High Heat Tolerance Is Negatively Correlated with Heat Tolerance Plasticity in Nudibranch Mollusks
    430 High Heat Tolerance Is Negatively Correlated with Heat Tolerance Plasticity in Nudibranch Mollusks Eric J. Armstrong* Keywords: gastropod, thermal physiology, acclimation, ther- Richelle L. Tanner mal sensitivity, trade-off hypothesis. Jonathon H. Stillman Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3140; and Estuary and Ocean Science Center, Romberg Tiburon Campus, and Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, Tiburon, California Introduction 94920 Temperature is a critical abiotic driver in determining distri- Accepted 5/10/2019; Electronically Published 6/13/2019 bution patterns of ectothermic organisms (Angilletta 2009; Somero et al. 2017). Predicting how climate change will shift Online enhancement: supplemental figure. these patterns requires an understanding of physiological sen- sitivity to increased mean and extreme temperatures. Beyond the scope of basic temperature-driven effects on physiological pro- cesses (i.e., Q effects), which can pose significant ecological chal- ABSTRACT 10 lenges for an organism (e.g., increased energetic demands, reduced Rapid ocean warming may alter habitat suitability and popu- oxygen supply capacity, etc.), two factors determine a species’ rel- lation fitness for marine ectotherms. Susceptibility to thermal ative vulnerability to severe temperature exposure: its inherent perturbations will depend in part on plasticity of a species’ heat tolerance (CTmax) and its ability to reversibly adjust heat tol- upper thermal limits of performance (CTmax). However, we erance (plasticity; Angilletta 2009; Verberk et al. 2017). fi currently lack data regarding CTmax plasticity for several major Inherent heat tolerance (CTmax)isoftende ned as an eco- marine taxa, including nudibranch mollusks, thus limiting logically significant thermal threshold (e.g., a temperature trig- predictive responses to habitat warming for these species.
    [Show full text]
  • Mannitol Oxidase and Polyol Dehydrogenases in the Digestive Gland of Gastropods: Correlations with Phylogeny and Diet
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Mannitol oxidase and polyol dehydrogenases in the digestive gland of gastropods: Correlations with phylogeny and diet Alexandre Lobo-da-Cunha1,2*, Diogo Amaral-de-Carvalho1, Elsa Oliveira1, AÃ ngela Alves1, VõÂtor Costa3,4,5, GoncËalo Calado6,7 1 Departamento de Microscopia, Instituto de Ciências BiomeÂdicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal, 2 Centro Interdisciplinar de InvestigacËão Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Matosinhos, a1111111111 Portugal, 3 Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências BiomeÂdicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), a1111111111 Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal, 4 Instituto de InvestigacËão e InovacËão em SauÂde, Universidade do a1111111111 Porto, Porto, Portugal, 5 IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal, 6 Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Universidade LusoÂfona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, a1111111111 Lisboa, Portugal, 7 MARE NOVA, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, a1111111111 Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Campus de Caparica, Caparica, Portugal * [email protected] OPEN ACCESS Abstract Citation: Lobo-da-Cunha A, Amaral-de-Carvalho D, Oliveira E, Alves AÃ, Costa V, Calado G (2018) Mannitol oxidase and polyol dehydrogenases are enzymes that convert polyalcohols into Mannitol oxidase and polyol dehydrogenases in the sugars. Mannitol oxidase was previously investigated in terrestrial snails and slugs, being digestive gland of gastropods: Correlations with also present in a few aquatic gastropods. However, the overall distribution of this enzyme in phylogeny and diet. PLoS ONE 13(3): e0193078. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193078 the Gastropoda was not known. Polyol dehydrogenases are also poorly studied in gastro- pods and other mollusks.
    [Show full text]
  • Terpenoids in Marine Heterobranch Molluscs
    marine drugs Review Terpenoids in Marine Heterobranch Molluscs Conxita Avila Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, and Biodiversity Research Institute (IrBIO), Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; [email protected] Received: 21 February 2020; Accepted: 11 March 2020; Published: 14 March 2020 Abstract: Heterobranch molluscs are rich in natural products. As other marine organisms, these gastropods are still quite unexplored, but they provide a stunning arsenal of compounds with interesting activities. Among their natural products, terpenoids are particularly abundant and diverse, including monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, diterpenoids, sesterterpenoids, triterpenoids, tetraterpenoids, and steroids. This review evaluates the different kinds of terpenoids found in heterobranchs and reports on their bioactivity. It includes more than 330 metabolites isolated from ca. 70 species of heterobranchs. The monoterpenoids reported may be linear or monocyclic, while sesquiterpenoids may include linear, monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic molecules. Diterpenoids in heterobranchs may include linear, monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic, or tetracyclic compounds. Sesterterpenoids, instead, are linear, bicyclic, or tetracyclic. Triterpenoids, tetraterpenoids, and steroids are not as abundant as the previously mentioned types. Within heterobranch molluscs, no terpenoids have been described in this period in tylodinoideans, cephalaspideans, or pteropods, and most terpenoids have been found in nudibranchs, anaspideans, and sacoglossans, with very few compounds in pleurobranchoideans and pulmonates. Monoterpenoids are present mostly in anaspidea, and less abundant in sacoglossa. Nudibranchs are especially rich in sesquiterpenes, which are also present in anaspidea, and in less numbers in sacoglossa and pulmonata. Diterpenoids are also very abundant in nudibranchs, present also in anaspidea, and scarce in pleurobranchoidea, sacoglossa, and pulmonata.
    [Show full text]
  • The Systematics and Phylogeny of Phyllidiid Nudibranchs (Doridoidea)
    Records of the Australian Museum (1993) Supplement 16. ISBN 0 7310 0065 X The Systematics and Phylogeny of Phyllidiid Nudibranchs (Doridoidea) Zoology Department, University of Queensland, Qld 4000, Australia 'current addrecs: Australian National Parks & Wildlife Service, PO Box 636, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia ABSTRACT.Investigations into the taxonomy, phylogeny, biogeography and ecology of nudibranchs belonging to the family Phyllidiidae Rafinesque are reported. All prior research on thc Phyllidiidae is reviewed. There were 74 nominal species as of January, 1992. The literature revealed enormous confusion in the taxonomy of phyllidiids caused primarily from inadequate anatomical study (or none at all) and descriptions of single preserved specimens. Intraspecific variation, particularly its ontogenetic component, is identified as an additional cause of misidentification. Traditional sources of nudibranch taxonomic characters, such as jaws and radula, are lacking in the Phyllidiidae. Characters used in this study are: general shape and body profile; colour and pattern; morphology of notal tubercles, ridges, and the mantle margin; rhinophoral colour; number of lamellae on each rhinophoral clavus; gills; morphology of foot and foot sole; oral tentacles; anatomy of the alimentary system; anatomy of the reproductive system; penial spine morphology; and sperm ultrastructure. Six genera are recognised and each is redescribed. Features which clearly demarcate the genera occur principally in the digestive system, and also in the reproductive system and external morphology. A key to genera is provided. A total of 49 valid, Indo-Pacific species is recognised; a full synonymy is given for each species. Phyllidia Cuvier remains the largest genus with 15 (including 8 new) species. Fryeria Gray is considered a valid genus with six (including 3 new) species.
    [Show full text]
  • The Chemistry and Chemical Ecology of Nudibranchs Cite This: Nat
    Natural Product Reports View Article Online REVIEW View Journal | View Issue The chemistry and chemical ecology of nudibranchs Cite this: Nat. Prod. Rep.,2017,34, 1359 Lewis J. Dean and Mich`ele R. Prinsep * Covering: up to the end of February 2017 Nudibranchs have attracted the attention of natural product researchers due to the potential for discovery of bioactive metabolites, in conjunction with the interesting predator-prey chemical ecological interactions that are present. This review covers the literature published on natural products isolated from nudibranchs Received 30th July 2017 up to February 2017 with species arranged taxonomically. Selected examples of metabolites obtained from DOI: 10.1039/c7np00041c nudibranchs across the full range of taxa are discussed, including their origins (dietary or biosynthetic) if rsc.li/npr known and biological activity. Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported Licence. 1 Introduction 6.5 Flabellinoidea 2 Taxonomy 6.6 Tritonioidea 3 The origin of nudibranch natural products 6.6.1 Tethydidae 4 Scope of review 6.6.2 Tritoniidae 5 Dorid nudibranchs 6.7 Unassigned families 5.1 Bathydoridoidea 6.7.1 Charcotiidae 5.1.1 Bathydorididae 6.7.2 Dotidae This article is licensed under a 5.2 Doridoidea 6.7.3 Proctonotidae 5.2.1 Actinocyclidae 7 Nematocysts and zooxanthellae 5.2.2 Cadlinidae 8 Conclusions 5.2.3 Chromodorididae 9 Conicts of interest Open Access Article. Published on 14 November 2017. Downloaded 9/28/2021 5:17:27 AM. 5.2.4 Discodorididae 10 Acknowledgements 5.2.5 Dorididae 11
    [Show full text]
  • Mollusca: Gastropoda) from the Southwestern Coast of Portugal
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Repositorio Institucional Digital del IEO Bol. Inst. Esp. Oceanogr. 19 (1-4). 2003: 199-204 BOLETÍN. INSTITUTO ESPAÑOL DE OCEANOGRAFÍA ISSN: 0074-0195 © Instituto Español de Oceanografía, 2003 New data on opisthobranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from the southwestern coast of Portugal G. Calado 1, 2 , M. A. E. Malaquias 1, 7 , C. Gavaia 1, 3 * , J. L. Cervera 4, C. Megina 4, B. Dayrat 5, Y. Camacho 5,8, M. Pola 4 and C. Grande 6 1 Instituto Português de Malacologia, Zoomarine, E. N. 125, km 65 Guia, P-8200-864 Albufeira, Portugal. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Centro de Modelação Ecológica Imar, FCT/UNL, Quinta da Torre, P-2825-114 Monte da Caparica, Portugal 3 Centro de Ciências do Mar, Faculdade de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, P-8000-010 Faro, Portugal 4 Departamento de Biología. Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales. Universidad de Cádiz. Apartado 40. E-11510 Puerto Real (Cadiz), Spain 5 Invertebrate Zoology and Geology Departament, California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, 94116 San Francisco, USA 6 Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales. José Gutiérrez Abascal, 6. E-28006 Madrid, Spain 7 Mollusca Research Group, Department of Zoology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK 8 Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio). Apartado 22-3100, Santo Domingo de Heredia, Costa Rica * César Gavaia died on 3rd July 2003, in a car accident Received January 2003. Accepted December 2003.
    [Show full text]