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International Review of the Red Cross, November 1967, Seventh Year

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International Review of the Red Cross, November 1967, Seventh Year ~~~./'~ - ;j ~ f IJ - A~j)- + f11i£ -IfiA- EMBER SEVENTH YEAR - No. 80 -----. l E. ~ 0 c.. .... -- International • ~VIew the Red Cross + Inter arma carita! GENEVA 1967 INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE RED CROSS FOUNDED IN 1863 INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE RED CROSS SAMUEL A. GONARD, former Army Corps Commander, former Professor at the Graduate Institute of International Studies, University ofGeneva, Presidenf (member since 1961) JACQUES CHENEVIERE, Hon. Doctor of Literature, Honora,y Vice-P,esident (1919) MARTIN BODMER, Hon. Doctor of Philosophy (1940) LEOPOLD BOISSIER, Doctor of Laws, Honorary Professor at the University of Geneva, former Secretary-General of the Inter-Parliamentary Union (1946) PAUL RUEGGER, former Swiss Minister to Italy and the United Kingdom, Member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration (1948) RODOLFO OLGIATI, Hon. Doctor of Medicine, former Director of the Don Suisse (1949) MARGUERITE GAUTIER-VAN BERCHEM, former Head of Section, Central Prisoners of War Agency (1951) FREDERIC SIORDET, Lawyer, Counsellor of the International Committee of the Red Cross from 1943 to 1951, Vice-President (1951) GUILLAUME BORDIER, Certificated Engineer E.P.F., M.B.A. Harvard, Banker, Vice­ President (1955) ADOLPHE FRANCESCHETTI, Doctor of Medicine, Honorary Professor of clinical oph­ thalmology at Geneva University (1958) HANS BACHMANN, Doctor of Laws, Assistant Secretary-General to the International Committee of the Red Cross from 1944 to 1946 (1958) JACQUES FREYMOND. Doctor of Literature, Director of the Graduate Institute of International Studies, Professor at the University of Geneva (1959) DIETRICH SCHINDLER, Doctor of Laws, Professor at the University of Zurich (1961) HANS MEULI, Doctor of Medicine, Brigade Colonel, former Director of the Swiss Army Medical Service (1961) MARJORIE DUVILLARD, Directress of .. Le Bon Secours" Nursing School (1961) MAX PETITPIERRE, Doctor of Laws, former President of the Swiss Confederation (1961) ADOLPHE GRAEDEL, former member of the Swiss National Council, Secretary-General of the International Metal Workers Federation (1965) Honorary members Miss LUCIE ODIER, Honorary Vice-President j Messrs. FREDERIC BARBEY, CARL J. BURCKHARDT and PAUL CARRY, Miss SUZANNE FERRIERE, Messrs. EDOUARD de HALLER, PAUL LOGOZ, ALFREDO VANNOTTI, ADOLF VISCHER. Di,ectorate: ROGER GALLOPIN, Doctor of Laws, Director-General JEAN PICTET, Doctor of Laws, Director-General CLAUDE PILLOUD, Director INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF THE RED CROSS SEVENTH YEAR - No. 80 NOVEMBER 1967 CONTENTS Page The Red Cross as a Factor in World Peace (]. Pictet) 571 W. J. FORD: Resistance movements and International Law (II) 579 * INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE RED CROSS Joint ICRC and League Appeal: In favour of Near East Refugees . " 588 * EXTERNAL ACTIVITIES In Nigeria - In the Congo - In the Near East - In Vietnam- In Greece - In Poland. .. 591 * IN GENEVA New ICRC Film (Middle East 1967) ... 595 * IN THE RED CROSS WORLD International Red Cross Meetings in The Hague 596 Empress ShOken Fund. A further gift 602 Red Cross Youth . 603 International Centre at Artek . 606 The Netherlands. 607 Peru . 610 The League's Nursing Advisory Committee 610 Red Cross Philately . 612 League of Red Cross Societies' Report 613 * MISCELLANEOUS War on illiteracy . 615 Public Health Service in the USSR 616 * BOOKS AND REVIEWS * FRENCH EDITION OF THE REVIEW The French edition of this Review is issued every month under the title of Revue internationale de la Croix-Rouge. It is, in principle, identical with the English edition and may be obtained under the same conditions. * SUPPLEMENTS TO THE REVIEW * SPANISH Un mes en JerusalEm - Fondo de la Ernperatriz Shaken - Juventud de la Cruz Roja - La Radio al servicio de la Cruz Roja GERMAN Einen Monat in Jerusalem - Kaiserin-Shoken-Fonds Rotlrreuz­ jugend - Der Rundfunk im Dienste des Roten Kreuzes THE INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF THE RED CROSS is published each month by the International Committee of the Red Cross 7, avenue de la Paix, 1211 Geneva I, Switzerland Postal Cheque No. 12.1767 Annual subscription: Sw. fro 25.- ($6) Single copies Sw. fro 2.50 ($0.60) Editor: ].-G. LOSSIEIl The International Committee of the Red Cross assumes responsibility only for material over its own signature. The Red Cross as a Factor in World Peace On this important subject, Mr. Jean Pictet, Director-General of the JCRC, submitted to the Council ofDelegates meeting in The Hague last September a brief report on the " Round Table" held in The Hague on August 28, 1967, and at which he took the chair. The text of this report is given below. Preamble The promotion of world peace, although of concern to the Red Cross, was for a long time outside the purview of its programme of action. However, after the First World War the International Red Cross, sharing the hopes of the nations, declared its intention to work thenceforth, not only in time of peace, but also for peace. Since that time, nearly all International Conferences of the Red Cross have adopted resolutions on the contribution which the Red Cross could make to this noble cause. On this subject, the XXth International Conference at Vienna in 1965 adopted Resolution X. The same Conference defini­ tively adopted and proclaimed the "Fundamental Principles" governing the Institution which included, inter alia: "It (the Red Cross) promotes mutual understanding, friendship, co-operation and lasting peace amongst all peoples". During the discussion preceding the adoption of Resolu­ tion X, the International Committee of the Red Cross (JCRC) offered to arrange, as it had already done in 1933, a "Round Table" discussion for the purpose of "a very general and free 571 THE RED CROSS AS A FACTOR IN WORLD PEACE exchange of views on the contribution the Red Cross makes and could make, by measures which are practical and within the frame­ work of its essential principles, to the spirit of peace and mutual understanding among the nations, and thus to the prevention of-war." The ICRC availed itself of the opportunity offered by the presence of many Red Cross delegates in The Hague, for the session of the Board of Governors and other meetings, to invite some twenty of them to attend a "Round Table" discussion in that town on 28 August 1967, to consider the theme" The Red Cross as a Factor in World Peace ". Those who attended were: Dr. Rito Alcantara, President of the Senegalese Red Cross Mr. Walter Bargatky President of the German Red Cross in the Federal Republic of Germany Mr. Jose Barroso Chavez Chairman of the League of Red Cross Societies and President of the Mexican Red Cross Mgr. Donaldo Chavez Nunez President of the Nicaraguan Red Cross Dr. Z. Darwiche Director of the Red Crescent of the Syrian Arab Republic Dr. Ahmed Djebli-Elaydouni President of the Moroccan Red Crescent Dr. Irena Domanska President of the Polish Red Cross CoL G. 1. A. D. Draper Legal Adviser to the British Red Cross Society Mr. A. van Emden Director-General of the Netherlands Red Cross Dr. Agustin Inostrosa President of the Chilean Red Cross Major-General C. K. Lakshmanan Secretary-General of the Indian Red Cross Society Dr. Werner Ludwig President of the German Red Cross in the German Democratic Republic Prof. Dr. Jovica Patrnogic Secretary-General of the Yugoslav Red Cross Dr. Zdenek Stich President of the Czechoslovak Red Cross 572 THE RED CROSS AS A FACTOR IN WORLD PEACE Mr. Olof Stroh Secretary-General of the Swedish Red Cross Mrs. D. Tumendelger Chairman of the Red Cross Society of the Mongolian People's Republic Major-General A. E. Wrinch National Commissioner of the Canadian Red Cross Society Apart from these persons the JeRC had delegated Mr. Samuel Gonard, President, as well as Mr. Siordet, Mr. Pictet, Mr. Pilloud, and Mr. Wilhelm to participate in the work, while Mr. Beer and Mr. Abut represented the League of Red Cross Societies. The subject was too vast to permit, in a single day, more than a preliminary study. Many ideas and suggestions were expressed; some in writing. This report is but an outline of the "Round Table" discussion over which Mr. Pictet presided. A full record will be issued later. General remarks The" Round Table" discussion was not convened for theoriz­ ing and philosophizing on peace. However, some speakers felt it necessary to define the moral considerations relevant to the Red Cross contribution to peace. In their view the basic condition for any useful action in this field was the respect for human dignity, respect which should fully recognise man's material needs; one of the primary causes of war was, they held, the inequality between the poor nations and the rich. These speakers considered that efforts to promote peace were inseparable from assistance to elimi­ nate this disparity. This was the first key idea to emerge from the discussion. As Pandit Nehru said at the XIXth International Conference, "War begins in the minds of men ". The first necessity is therefore to foster the spirit of peace in the world. In this respect the Red Cross has considerable moral force, and several speakers stressed that it must be bold and even face up to certain risks. ... 573 THE RED CROSS AS A FACTOR IN WORLD PEACE I. Red Cross contribution to peace considered as a consequence of its main activity No participant disagreed that the whole of the Red Cross mission was both a protest against violence and a daily action to unite nations, and was therefore indirectly a contribution to the work for peace. On the other hand, it was recognised that this was an aspect of Red Cross activity which should be brought home in a better way to its members and the public at large. It was agreed that for this purpose the dissemination of know­ ledge on Red Cross principles and the Geneva Conventions was most useful, and that such dissemination should be intensified by greater recourse to radio and television, with emphasis on the fact that these principles were important for peace and did not, even when applicable only in war, imply acceptance of war's inevitability.
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