AZ EURÓPAI SZÍNPADI TÁNC TÖRTÉNETE a Magyar Táncművészeti Főiskola Tankönyv- És Jegyzetsorozata

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AZ EURÓPAI SZÍNPADI TÁNC TÖRTÉNETE a Magyar Táncművészeti Főiskola Tankönyv- És Jegyzetsorozata AZ EURÓPAI SZÍNPADI TÁNC TÖRTÉNETE A Magyar Táncművészeti Főiskola tankönyv- és jegyzetsorozata Sorozatszerkesztő: Bolvári-Takács Gábor MAJOR RITA GARA MÁRK AZ EURÓPAI SZÍNPADI TÁNC TÖRTÉNETE AZ ELŐZMÉNYEKTŐL A 19. SZÁZAD VÉGÉIG Magyar Táncművészeti Főiskola Budapest, 2014 TARTALOM Előszó ........................................................................................................................ 9 1. fejezet: Az őskor táncos emlékei (MR) ................................................................ 11 Prehistorikus idők ............................................................................................. 12 Korai táncábrázolások ........................................................................................ 12 Mágikus gondolkodás, mágikus szertartás .......................................................... 14 Eksztázis, révület – átlényegülés ......................................................................... 16 A varázsló .......................................................................................................... 17 A tánc és a mozdulatok a varázslatban ............................................................... 18 Térformák ......................................................................................................... 19 Miről „szóltak” őseink táncai? ............................................................................ 20 Ősi örökség modern formában .......................................................................... 21 2. fejezet: Az ókori görög tánckultúra és öröksége (MR) .......................................... 24 A minoszi Kréta táncai ...................................................................................... 25 Spártai nevelés és a tánc ..................................................................................... 26 Kultuszok, ünnepek, táncok .............................................................................. 29 Dionüszosz, a bor és a mámor istene ................................................................. 31 Dionüszosz színháza .......................................................................................... 32 A dráma ............................................................................................................ 33 Lektorálta: Tánc és színpadi gesztusok ................................................................................. 34 Fuchs Lívia Lukianosz, a tudósító ........................................................................................ 35 Zorba tánca ....................................................................................................... 35 © Gara Márk, Major Rita, 2014 3. fejezet: A római táncművészet (GM) .................................................................... 38 A címlapon: 4. fejezet: Tánc, hit és vizualitás a középkorban (MR) .............................................. 41 A kötet az OTKA K81672 számú kutatás keretében jelenik meg. A színjátszás és a dráma hagyománya ................................................................. 42 ISBN 978-963-89842-7-2 Művészet a hit és a vizualitás jegyében ............................................................... 42 ISSN 1219-9109 Misztériumjáték ................................................................................................ 43 Passiójáték ......................................................................................................... 44 Kiadja a Magyar Táncművészeti Főiskola. www.mtf.hu Mirákulum ........................................................................................................ 45 1145 Budapest, Columbus u. 87–89. Tel. 273-3430 Felelős kiadó: Szakály György rektor Moralitás ........................................................................................................... 45 Nyomdai előkészítés: Tellinger András Világi színjátszás ................................................................................................ 46 Borító sorozatterv: Környei Anikó Haláltánc .......................................................................................................... 47 Nyomdai munkák: Kapitális Kft., Debrecen Tánctéboly ........................................................................................................ 49 Felelős vezető: Kapusi József A késő középkor világi táncai ............................................................................. 51 5. fejezet: A reneszánsz tánckultúrája (MR) ............................................................. 54 9. fejezet: A romantikus balett (GM) ....................................................................... 95 A táncmester (maestro di ballo) ......................................................................... 55 A romantika mint stílusteremtő korszak ............................................................ 95 Az első maestrók ............................................................................................... 56 A romantikus balett első csillaga: Marie Taglioni (1804-1884) .................... 97 Egy vidéki táncos kanonok ................................................................................ 59 A szilfid (La Sylphide) 98 Az első koreográfiák: a ballók ............................................................................ 61 A romantikus balett második csillaga: Fanny Elssler (1810-1884) ............... 99 Néhány fontosabb reneszánsz társasági tánc ....................................................... 62 Egy gyümölcsöző kapcsolat: Jules Perrot és Carlotta Grisi ......................... 101 Intermédiumok és trionfók ............................................................................... 62 A romantikus balett csúcsa: a Giselle ......................................................... 102 A romantikus balett további arcai .............................................................. 105 6. fejezet: Barokk táncművészet a reprezentáció jegyében (MR) ............................... 64 A romantika két ága .................................................................................. 107 A légiesség titokzatos eszköze .................................................................... 109 A korai udvari balett (1500-as évek végén) ........................................................ 64 Kirké, avagy a Királyné víg balettje .................................................................... 64 A dán örökség ................................................................................................. 110 Az udvari balett második korszaka (az 1600-as évektől) ..................................... 67 A hagyomány gyökerei .............................................................................. 110 Lovas balettek ................................................................................................... 68 Auguste Bournonville ................................................................................ 110 A balett XIV. Lajos korában .............................................................................. 69 A „dán Szilfid” .......................................................................................... 112 A táncoló király ................................................................................................. 69 Bournonville művei .................................................................................. 112 A király „munkatársai” ...................................................................................... 71 A dán iskola és a Bournonville-technika .................................................... 114 A komédia-balett ............................................................................................... 72 A hagyomány feltámasztása és életben tartása ............................................ 116 A király táncmestere .......................................................................................... 74 A Királyi Táncakadémia (Académie Royale De Danse) ...................................... 74 Az olasz iskola és alapítója: Carlo Blasis, művész, Feuillet és a notáció ........................................................................................... 76 pedagógus és teoretikus (MR) ......................................................................... 117 A korszak táncosai ............................................................................................. 77 Életrajza .................................................................................................... 118 Barokk társastáncok .......................................................................................... 77 A 19. század megújuló táncpedagógiája ..................................................... 119 7. fejezet: A nők térnyerése a balettekben – a rokokó balerinái (GM) ...................... 78 Átmenet a későromantikába, Arthur Sainr-Léon (GM) ................................... 122 Négy balett a későromantika korszakából .................................................. 123 8. fejezet: A 18. századi reformok útján (MR) .......................................................... 81 La Source (Naila avagy a forrás tündére) .................................................... 124 Coppélia avagy a zománc szemű lány ........................................................ 124 A felvilágosodás szelleme és a tánc ..................................................................... 81 Sylvia, Diana nimfája ................................................................................ 125 Az Enciklopédia és a tánc
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