June 6, 2019
Douglas C. McLearen, Chief Division of Archaeology and Protection Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission State Historic Preservation Office 400 North Street Commonwealth Keystone Building, 2nd Floor Harrisburg, PA 17120-0093
Subject: ER # 2017-2210-042 Adelphia Gateway Project Continuing Section 106 Consultation
Dear Mr. McLearen,
On behalf of Adelphia Gateway, LLC, NV5 is submitting (electronically via CRGIS) a Phase I Archaeological Survey Report for the Transco Meter Station and Tilghman Lateral components of the Adelphia Gateway Project. The survey was undertaken as per consultation comments received in a letter from you dated September 14, 2018 and a subsequent email dated September 19, 2018. One archaeological site was identified.
We look forward to receipt of your comments. If you have any questions or require additional information, please contact me at (727) 565-9895 or via e-mail at [email protected].
Sincerely,
Sara Holmes Environmental Scientist NV5
PHASE I ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY
ADELPHIA GATEWAY PROJECT TRANSCO METER STATION AND TILGHMAN LATERAL
JUNE 2019
PREPARED BY: PREPARED FOR: NV5, LLC Adelphia Gateway, LLC 200 S Park Road, Ste. 350 1415 Wyckoff Road Hollywood, FL 33021 Wall, NJ 07719 A PHASE I ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY ADELPHIA GATEWAY PROJECT TRANSCO METER STATION AND TILGHMAN LATERAL
LOWER CHICHESTER TOWNSHIP AND TRAINER BOROUGH, DELAWARE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
ER # 2017-2210-042
Prepared for: Adelphia Gateway, LLC
Agencies involved: FERC
Prepared by: Jean E. Howson and Leonard G. Bianchi Cultural Resource Unit NV5, Inc. Parsippany, NJ
June 2019
PREPARED BY: PREPARED FOR: NV5, LLC Adelphia Gateway, LLC 200 S Park Road, Ste. 350 1415 Wyckoff Road Hollywood, FL 33021 Wall, NJ 07719 A 1
MANAGEMENT SUMMARY
NV5 conducted a Phase I Archaeological Survey for the Transco Meter Station and Tilghman Lateral portion of the Adelphia Gateway Project. These Project components are located in Lower Chichester Township and Trainer Borough, Delaware County, PA.. The field survey areas were determined through consultation with the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission (Pennsylvania State Historic Preservation Office) and include specific locations along the proposed Tilghman Lateral: the site proposed for the Transco Meter Station at milepost (MP) 0.3 on the north side of Ridge Road and three areas in the vicinity of the crossing of Stoney Run at MP 2.35 to 2.45 (to the north of the Norfolk Southern/SEPTA railroad tracks); MP 2.6 to 2.8 (the west and east sides of Stoney Run); and MP 2.85 to 2.9 near the intersection of Second Street and Price Street. The field survey areas comprise a total of 2.2 hectares (5.44 acres). Systematic shovel testing and geomorphological testing were conducted. One prehistoric and historic archaeological site, which has been named the Walker Goodley Allen site, was identified in the Phase I survey. It consists of an undated Pre-Contact lithic scatter and a spring house, farm lane, and scattered refuse belonging to the Walker/Goodley/Allen Farmstead, which occupied the property for approximately 100 years (circa 1840 to 1940). The eligibility of the site for inclusion in the National Register under Evaluation Criterion d has not been assessed. The Area of Potential Effect for the Transco Meter Station has been reduced so as to avoid impacting the identified site. Fencing will be placed around the impact area to maintain an adequate buffer. No further archaeological investigation is recommended.
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION PAGE
1.0 INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1 General Background and Project Location...... 1 1.2 Area of Potential Effects ...... 1 1.2.1 APE at Transco Meter Station ...... 1 1.2.2 APE at Stoney Run Area ...... 5 2.0 BACKGROUND RESEARCH ...... 8 2.1. Previous Research ...... 8 2.2. Environmental Setting ...... 10 2.2.1. Transco Meter Station ...... 10 2.2.2. Stoney Run Area...... 14 2.3 Prehistoric and Historic Background ...... 18 2.3.1. Prehistoric Period ...... 18 2.3.2. Historic Period ...... 18 2.3.2.1. Transco Meter Station – Specific Historic Background ...... 19 2.3.2.2. Stoney Run Area – Specific Historic Background ...... 22 3.0 RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS ...... 33 3.1. General Research Design and Assessment of Potential ...... 33 3.2 Transco Meter Station Approach ...... 33 3.3. Stoney Run Area Approach ...... 34 4.0 FIELD SURVEY...... 35 4.1. Transco Meter Station ...... 35 4.1.1. Introduction ...... 35 4.1.2. Surface Survey and Site Preparation ...... 35 4.1.2.1. Walker/Goodley/Allen Farmstead Spring House ...... 38 4.1.2.2. Walker/Goodley/Allen Farmstead Lane ...... 38 4.1.2.3. Walker/Goodley/Allen Farmstead Trash Deposits...... 44 4.1.3. Archaeological Testing ...... 44 4.1.3.1. Methods ...... 44 4.1.3.2 Description of Excavations and Results ...... 46 4.2. STONEY RUN AREA ...... 50 4.2.1. Introduction ...... 50 4.2.2. Surface Reconnaissance ...... 50 4.2.3. Archaeological Testing ...... 52 4.2.3.1. Methods ...... 52 4.2.3.2. Description of Excavations and Results ...... 52
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
5.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 55 5.1. Identified Resources ─ the Walker Goodley Allen Site ...... 55 5.2. Recommendations ...... 57 REFERENCES ...... 58
APPENDICES A. PA SHPO Consultation B. Geomorphology Report (Rue Environmental) C. Archaeological Provenience Catalog D. Archaeological Inventory E. P.A.S.S. Form
LIST OF FIGURES 1.1-1 General location of Project area ...... 2 1.1-2 Project Plan, Transco Meter Station ...... 3 1.1-3 Project Plan, Stoney Run Area ...... 4 1.1-4 Preliminary Depiction of Proposed Transco Meter Station ...... 6 2.2.1-1 Proposed Transco Meter Station Area Soils ...... 13 2.2.2-1 Stoney Run Area Soils ...... 17 2.3.2.1-1 Ash (1948) Map of Delaware County, Transco Meter Station ...... 20 2.3.2.1-2 Lake & Beers (1860) Map of the Vicinity of Philadelphia, Transco Meter Station ...... 21 2.3.2.1-3 Everts & Stewart (1875) Atlas of Delaware County, Transco Meter Station ...... 23 2.3.2.1-4 Mueller (1913) Atlas of Delaware County West of Ridley Creek, Transco Meter Station ...... 24 2.3.2.1-5 1937 Aerial Photograph of Walker Goodley Allen Farmstead ...... 25 2.3.2.2-1 Ash (1848) Map of Delaware County, Stoney Run Area ...... 26 2.3.2.2-2 Lake & Beers (1860) Map of the Vicinity of Philadelphia, Stoney Run Area ...... 27 2.3.2.2-3 Everts & Stewart (1875) Atlas of Delaware County, Stoney Run Area ...... 28 2.3.2.2-4 Mueller (1913) Atlas of Delaware County West of Ridley Creek, Stoney Run Area ...... 30 2.3.2.2-5 1958 Aerial Photograph of Stoney Run Study Area, M.P. 2.4 ...... 31 2.3.2.2-6 1940 Aerial Photograph of Stoney Run Field Survey Areas ...... 32 4.1.1-1 Phase I Archaeological Survey at Proposed Transco Meter Station ...... 36 4.1.2.1-1 Walker/Goodley/Allen Farmstead Spring House Foundation ...... 42 4.1.2.2-1 Proposed Transco Meter Station on 1937 Aerial Photograph ...... 43 4.2.1-1 Archaeological Test Locations, Stoney Run Area, M.P. 2.4 ...... 51 5.1-1 Walker Goodley Allen Site Showing Locus A and B ...... 56
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF PLATES 2.2.1-1 View toward wooded area at the proposed Transco Meter Station site ...... 11 2.2.1-2 Wooded area at the proposed Transco Meter Station site ...... 11 2.2.1-3 Wetland in the western portion of parcel #08-02-001:003 ...... 12 2.2.2-1 Overview of field in study are to the north of the railroad tracks ...... 15 2.2.2-2 Stoney Run Study Area to the north of the railroad tracks...... 15 2.2.2-3 Ditch paralleling the north side of the railroad berm ...... 16 2.2.2-4 Heavy dumping along the fill embankment ...... 16 4.1.2-1 View along cleared transect, proposed Transco Meter Station site, looking toward Ridge Road... 37 4.1.2-2 View along cleared transect, proposed Transco Meter Station site, looking toward Alliance Concrete Pumps, Inc...... 37 4.1.2.1-1 Walker/Goodley/Allen Farmstead Spring House SW view ...... 39 4.1.2.1-2 Walker/Goodley/Allen Farmstead Spring House east view...... 39 4.1.2.1-3 Walker/Goodley/Allen Farmstead Spring House SE view ...... 40 4.1.2.1-4 Interior wall of the spring house ...... 40 4.1.2.1-5 Southwest corner of the spring house ...... 41 4.1.3.2-1 Selected Lithics from Walker Goodley Allen Site ...... 49 4.2.2-1 Stoney Run test area north of railroad ...... 53 4.2.2-2 Headwall for Stoney run culvert and drainage ditch ...... 53 4.2.3.2-1 ST 1, Stoney Run Area MP 2.35–2.45 ...... 54 4.2.3.2-2 ST 3, Stoney Run Area MP 2.35–2.45 ...... 54
LIST OF TABLES 2.1-1 Summary of archaeological sites in Lower Delaware Basin Watershed G ...... 8 2.1-2 Recorded Archaeological Sites, 1-Mile Radius ...... 8 2.1-3 Previous Survey Reports ...... 9 4.1.3.1-1 Distribution of Pre-Contact and Historic Material ...... 45 4.1.3.2-1 Distribution of Lithics by ST ...... 48 4.1.3.2-2 Distribution of Lithics by Material ...... 48
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 1
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL BACKGROUND AND PROJECT LOCATION NV5, LLC (NV5) conducted Phase I archaeological survey in two areas along the Tilghman Lateral portion of the Adelphia Gateway Project, which has been assigned SHPO ER# 2017-2210-042. The Tilghman Lateral alignment was screened for cultural resources and recommended for further background research and possible field survey in a submission to the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission (PHMC) dated December 28, 2017. The PHMC concurred with the recommendation (letter dated January 11, 2018). Subsequently, a submission to the PHMC, dated August 17, 2018 (see ER # 2017-2210-042-C) reported that field survey was under way in one location and recommended field survey in a second area, with which the PHMC concurred (letter dated September 14, 2018). The first area addressed through field survey is the proposed site for the Transco Meter Station and the second is where the Tilghman Lateral is in the vicinity of Stoney Creek (historically known as “Stoney Run”) (Figure 1.1-1). The latter area was targeted for geomorphological investigation as part of the Phase I survey due to the potential for alluvial deposits. The purpose of the Phase I survey, which included additional background research and field testing for both areas, was to determine if archaeological resources are present. The site proposed for the Transco Meter Station is located at approximate milepost (MP) 0.3 on the Tilghman Lateral alignment in Lower Chichester Township, Delaware County, on the north side of Ridge Road (Figure 1.1-2). The Stoney Run area of the Tilghman Lateral alignment includes three sub-locations that were targeted for testing, all in Trainer Borough, Delaware County (Figure 1.1-3): MP 2.35 to 2.45 (to the north of the Norfolk Southern/SEPTA railroad tracks); MP 2.6 to 2.8 (the west and east sides of Stoney Run); and MP 2.85 to 2.9 (near the corner of Price and Second Streets.. 1.2 AREA OF POTENTIAL EFFECTS NV5 conducted Phase I archaeological survey in two areas along the Tilghman Lateral portion of the Adelphia Gateway Project, which has been assigned SHPO ER# 2017-2210-042. The Tilghman Lateral alignment was screened for cultural resources and recommended for further background research and possible field survey in a submission dated December 28, 2017. The PHMC concurred with the The archaeological Area of Potential Effects (APE) includes all locations that may be subject to subsurface impacts from the Project. Included in the APE are all structure footprints; pipeline alignments with a width of 30 feet; Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) entry and exit points, Temporary Workspace (TWS) and Additional Temporary Work Space (ATWS). Most of the archaeological APE for the Tilghman Lateral was determined to have little or no archaeological potential after a preliminary review (see Appendix A). The Project APE within the two areas that are the subject of the present Phase I survey are described below. 1.2.1 APE at Transco Meter Station Because the property taking or easement terms had not yet been determined at the time of the survey, the preliminary APE for the Transco Meter Station was defined as including the entirety of parcel # 08-02-001:003 (see Figure 1.1-2). The APE investigated and reported herein therefore extends beyond the subsurface impact area for the facility as currently planned. The design for the station and its actual footprint were developed following identification of an archaeological site within a portion of the parcel, and the station was delimited so as to ensure a buffer for the site. The boundary of the proposed meter station shown with a red box outline on Figure 1.1-2, along with the diversion ditch, the pipeline, and the driveway, comprise the entire impact area – there is no other TWS or ATWS.
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 1
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 2
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 3
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 4 1
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The proposed meter station will be located on an approximately 185 feet x 185 feet fenced site that will be cleared of all vegetation and completed with standard industrial gravel surface. A schematic rendering is provide in Figure 1.1-4. Most of the high-pressure gas pipeline (16 to 20 inches) and smaller utility pipelines (1 to 2 inches) will be located underground and buried approximately 30-36 inches deep. There will be two instrument buildings approximately 10 feet square and 10 feet in height on concrete foundations. There will also be a meter skid (with a building measuring 26 feet x 16 feet x 11 feet) and a flow control skid (with a building measuring 20 feet x 12 feet x 11 feet). A filter separator will be installed on the inlet piping with an approximate footprint of 13 feet x 5 feet x 11 feet with a galvanized platform (8 feet x 8 feet) for maintenance and a small condensate storage tank (6 feet x 4 feet). The diversion ditch will be approximately 1 foot deep. It will be lined with rock within the meter station and will be vegetated west of the station to the existing wetland. 1.2.2 APE at Stoney Run Area The portion of the Tilghman Lateral between approximate MP 2.4 and MP 2.9 (see Figure 1.1-3) would be installed using both the HDD and traditional lay methods. It would be installed via HDD from MP 2.4 to approximate MP 2.7 (about 990 linear feet). The HDD would be installed to a maximum depth of approximately 30 feet. Approximately 103,650 square feet of TWS would be required for HDD activities between MP 2.4 and 2.9. The TWS would be required for HDD equipment, pipe staging, welding, coating, pre-testing and pullback. The pipe would be installed using traditional trenching methods between approximate MP 2.7 and 2.9. During construction, the trench would be approximately 7 feet deep and 4 feet wide. Once the pipe is installed, the trench would be backfilled with the same material that was excavated from the trench. Approximately 44,030 square feet of TWS would be required for traditional installation of the pipe between MP 2.7 and 2.9. The TWS is required for trenching, topsoil, trench spoil, equipment, travel lane, pipe staging, welding, and coating. The proposed Tilghman Lateral leaves Ridge Road at MP 2.24 at a 90-degree angle, then proceeds in a trench and turns two more times at 90-degree angles. The pipeline crosses an existing Transco pipeline at MP 2.41. Just after that crossing is proposed HDD entry #5 at MP 2.43, from which the alignment then runs beneath the Norfolk Southern/SEPTA railroad tracks (historically the Philadelphia, Wilmington & Baltimore Railroad, Key # 111801) to the exit point at MP 2.61. The trench, HDD entry point, TWS, and ATWS are shown on Figure 1.1-3. The area from MP 2.35 to 2.45, including the alignment and associated TWS lying within property parcels 46-04- 056:000 and 46-04-069:000, was viewed as possibly having limited prior disturbances and is within 600 feet of Stoney Creek. Project actions will include subsurface disturbances along the alignment, within the work spaces, and at the HDD point. Evidence for prior disturbances within this APE led to a reduced subsurface investigation. The proposed Tilghman Lateral crosses a present-day paved parking area on Monroe property (MP 2.6 to 2.7) along the west side of Stoney Run. A wide ATWS lies along the east side of the pipeline alignment here. This location was originally deemed sensitive and was targeted for machine-assisted geomorphological and archaeological testing. Subsequently, information about two existing pipelines that cross this area was made available (see Figure 1.1-3). Because of the previous disturbances from the installation of these pipelines and in light of the findings described in Appendix B, the paved area is no longer considered sensitive and is not recommended for testing. The proposed alignment crosses Stoney Run and existing Transco pipelines that parallel the east side of the creek at MP 2.72. The alignment proceeds eastward to Price Street across a graveled vehicle parking/storage area on property parcel #46-04-333:000. New subsurface impacts are anticipated between MP 2.75 and 2.8 within the 30 foot-wide pipe trench alignment and a narrow TWS along its south side.
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 5
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 6 1
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The proposed trench alignment runs briefly along the west side of Price Street and then crosses through a landscaped area enclosed by a chain link fence belonging to Trainer Industries on parcel # 16-04-336:000. Existing pipelines cross this area approximately at the fence line. From this point the proposed Tilghman Lateral turns eastward to HDD entry #6, from which it proceeds along the south side of Second Street (State Highway 291). New subsurface impacts are anticipated in an area that appears to have seen limited prior disturbance from MP 8.5 to MP 9 within the 30 foot-wide pipe trench alignment, the TWS along either side of the trench, and a large ATWS near the HDD opening.
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 7 1 2.0 BACKGROUND RESEARCH
2.1 PREVIOUS RESEARCH There is one National Register eligible property within the Project survey areas as defined above, the Philadelphia, Wilmington & Baltimore Railroad (Key # 111801). The Tilghman Lateral pipeline will cross beneath this resource via HDD and will have no effect on the historic railroad alignment. Above-ground resources Lawn Croft Cemetery (Key # 16773) and its office building (the Goodley-Armstrong House, Key # 16772) are adjacent to the proposed meter station, but both were determined not eligible earlier in the course of the present Project. The Pre-Contact Probability Model as viewed in CRGIS shows areas of Medium probability along Ridge Road and along Stoney Run. As shown in Table 2.1, there are only 70 prehistoric archaeological sites recorded in Pennsylvania’s Lower Delaware Basin, Watershed G, which comprises most of Delaware County and a small portion of eastern Chester County. Only 23 of these sites are datable, including only 8 upland sites.
Table 2.1-1. Summary of archaeological sites in Lower Delaware Basin Watershed G
Datable Datable All Datable Prehistoric Historic Sites With Upland Stratified Archaeological Prehistoric Prehistoric Sites With Archaeological Identified Lithic Prehistoric Prehistoric Surveys Sites Sites Features Sites Material Sites Sites
70 23 8 9 1 130 52 125 Table 2.1-2 lists previously-recorded archaeological sites within one mile of the Transco and Stoney Run Project areas. Only one is a prehistoric site, located in the state of Delaware approximately 0.7 mile to the southwest of the proposed Transco Meter Station on Naamans Creek (Delaware CRS # N-3672). This site was identified only
Table 2.1-2. Recorded Archaeological Sites, 1-Mile Radius of Survey Areas Soil and Number Name Site Type Water Other Information Source of Information DE N-3672 Naamans Pre-Contact On Naamans Piedmont point type Delaware CRS Creek Creek recorded. Archaeological Site Form PA 36DE127 Trainer Site Historic N/A Historic scatter. PASS form; ER #2004-0295-045-A 36DE0129 Ridge Road Historic Domestic N/A On north side of PASS form; Site railroad tracks to the ER #2004-0295-045-A west of Stoney Run area. 36DE130 Market Historic domestic N/A Historic material from 1997-6109-045-N Street and commercial pit feature. Bridge Site site 36DE0132 Marcus Historic Domestic. N/A 17th century house PASS form; Blondino Hook Plank site. 2006 House 36DE0171 Cummings Historic Domestic N/A East side of Blue Ball CRGIS Avenue north of Ridge Road–standing building and well present.
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 8 1 2.0 BACKGROUND RESEARCH through surface collection in 1955, and yielded an Archaic point. In addition, an “Indian burial” was mentioned in a 1981 survey of Lawn Croft Cemetery (on file at PHMC, Key # 16773). This purported burial site, described as “in back of the Tri-State Mall,” may be located in the far western part of the cemetery, which is approximately 0.5 mile west of the Transco site. No further information about such a burial site was available from the cemetery and the original surveyor was not reached for comment. The remaining archaeological sites listed in Table 2.1-2 are historic-period domestic and commercial sites. With the exception of the Plank House site, which is recorded as 17th century, the sites date to the 19th and 20th centuries. No previous cultural resource surveys on file with the PHMC covered the Project area, though several were conducted in the near vicinity (Table 2.1-3).
Table 2.1-3. Previous Survey Reports, Vicinity of Transco Meter Station and Stoney Run Survey Areas
Preparer, Number Report Report Date Study Area Findings
2014-4220-045-A Phase I Archaeological Edward Otter Small survey area No resources reported. Survey, Proposed Cellular 2014 southeast of Ridge Communication Facility Road 0.4 mile from Marcus Hook, Marcus Hook, Project alignment Delaware County
2011-2040-045-B Phase I Cultural Resources Sara Ayers-Rigsby Small survey area No resources reported. Reconnaissance Survey: EBI Consulting 0.43 mile northeast of PHI Lower Chichester 2011 Project area 2008-1630-045-B Phase IA Cultural Resources D. McVarish Adjacent to eastern No sites identified in the Investigation, Chester terminus of alignment vicinity of the Project Riverfront Project, Chester, alignment. Delware County 2007-6074-045-B, M Phase IA and IB J. Lawrence Large survey area to Two historic sites Archaeological Survey, S.R. 2007 the north of Project reported, both outside 1- 0095, Sec. 0322…Chester M. Lenert area. mile radius of Project City and Upper Chichester, A.D. Marble area. Delaware County 2012 2004-0295-045-A, E, G Various Reports for the D. Breetzke Large survey, overlaps Identified two historic Texas Eastern Logan Lateral Enviro. and Arch. with Tilghman Lateral period sites:36DE127, Project in Delaware Co. 2004, 2005 between Marcus Hook 36DE129 Creek and Stoney Run 2002-8004-045-P Phase I Archaeological Shaffer et al. Survey for ramps at Identified site 36DE0131, Identification Survey for McCormick Taylor east end of proposed Chester Access Ramp B SR0095, Section CAS, 2005 Tilghman Lateral, Touchdown Site (outside Chester City Access Project, approximately 1.0 mile the 1-mile radius of study Delaware County east of Stoney Run areas) study areas. 1997-6109-045-N Phase IA Archaeological Kenneth J. Basalik Small survey area Identified 36DE130 and Survey, Market Street Bridge CHRS, Inc. 0.85 miles east of the Philadelphia, Replacement Project, S.R. 2009 Project area Wilmington & Baltimore 0452, Section 03S, Borough Railroad (Key # 111801). of Marcus Hook and Lower Chichester Township, Delaware County
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 9 1 2.0 BACKGROUND RESEARCH
Preparer, Number Report Report Date Study Area Findings
1989-1693-045-F Phase I Archaeological P.A. Beckerman Linear survey area to Two pre-contact sites Survey, SR 0322, Sec. 100, 1994 the north of the reported, both in Concord Concord Twp., Delaware Co. Project area. Twp. 1984-1708-042-B A Preliminary Archeological J. Cushman, et. al. Included an area that No resources reported in Survey in Selected Areas of Milner overlaps with the Project vicinity. the Delaware River Coastal 1981 Tilghman Lateral. Zone, Southeastern Pennsylvania, BU, DE Cos. 1983-0055-045-B A Ph I Arch. Surv. Of Linwood A. Townsend Small survey area 0.4 No resources reported; Municipal Park, L. 1983 mile northeast of included field testing. Chickchester Twp., DE Co. Project area
2.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING 2.2.1 Transco Meter Station See Plates 2.2.1-1 through 2.2.1-3 for photographs showing conditions within the Transco Meter Station study area. All site photographs in this report were taken on the field survey dates by Jason Nargiz for NV5. Topography: The Project area is located in the Lowland and Intermediate Upland physiographic zone of Pennsylvania, on the upland on the north side of Ridge Road (this road traces the fall line above the Delaware River floodplain). The ground slopes up to the north-northwest. Elevations are from approximately 55 feet above sea level (ASL) along Ridge Road to 85 feet ASL along the northern side of the Project area. Soils (Figure 2.2.1-1): The majority of the Transco Project area is mapped as ByB2 (Butlertown silt loam), 3 to 8 percent slopes, moderately eroded, well drained. A portion of the parcel in the southwest corner adjacent to the Lawn Croft property is mapped as OtA (Othello silt loam), poorly drained. Hydrology: The Project area is located in the Lower Delaware River Basin, Watershed G, 1 mile from the present bank of the Delaware River. Historic maps show a series of springs north of present-day Ridge Road feeding streams that flow toward the Delaware or tributaries. A spring was located in the western part of the Project area with a stream flowing south and west, possibly a tributary of Naamans Creek (see below, Figure 2.3.2-3, 1875 Everts & Stewart map). The historic farmstead that once stood on the property had a spring house, the foundation of which is visible on the ground (see discussion of the farmstead below). A wetland delineation was performed by NV5 in 2017 and is shown on Figure 1.1-2. The mapped wetland is likely related to the historic spring on the site. Within the visibly wet portion of the Project area, however, there is one small location that appeared higher and drier during the field survey (see description of archaeological testing below). Vegetation: Other than utility line easements along the south, east, and west sides of the parcel, which have been cleared of trees and shrubs, the lot is wooded and densely overgrown, especially a broad swath along the northwestern property line that contained numerous downed trees and a very thick undergrowth or bushes. The southwest portion of the Project area consists of a wetland area that is fed by natural springs. While much of the wetland area is muddy and inaccessible, a dry, slightly elevated narrow bench borders the west side of the gas line easement along Ridge Road. Current Development: Existing gas pipelines run along the south side of the parcel parallel to Ridge Road, along the east side of the parcel adjacent to the driveway that leads to commercial buildings sited to the north and
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 10
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 11
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 12
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 13 1 2.0 BACKGROUND RESEARCH
northeast, and between the study parcel and Lawn Croft Cemetery. A facility belonging to Alliance Concrete Pumps, Inc. was recently constructed immediately adjacent to the north side of the proposed meter station, and even more recently a large structure was built adjacent to the west of that facility (the latter structure does not appear on the aerial maps). Between these facilities and Ridge Road, the wooded area appears to have remained essentially undisturbed since the abandonment of the historic farmstead in 1940, although some trash dumping has taken place. 2.2.2 Stoney Run Area Reference should be made to Appendix B, the report of the geomorphological study of this Project sub-area by Rue Environmental. Archaeological testing was only undertaken in one location, on the north side of the Norfolk Southern/SEPTA railroad line. Access was not provided to that location for GeoProbe coring by the geomorphologist. See Plates 2.2.2-1 through 2.2.2-4 for photographs of this area. Topography: The Stoney Run portion of the proposed Tilghman Lateral alignment is located in the Lowland and Intermediate Upland physiographic zone of Pennsylvania, on lowland terrace landforms. The survey area within the field north of the railroad tracks is at an elevation of approximately 35 feet ASL, and there is a sharp drop to the south along a fill embankment. South of the railroad tracks, which are on a raised berm, the survey areas on the east side of Stoney Run are at 15 feet to 20 feet ASL. Soils (Figure 2.2.2-1): The APE in the Stoney Run portion of the proposed Tilghman Lateral alignment is mapped as Made land, gravelly materials, well drained. There is a small area mapped as Wehadkee silt loam, poorly drained, along Stoney Run immediately downstream from the proposed pipeline crossing. Hydrology: The Stoney Run portion of the Tilghman Lateral Project area is located in the Lower Delaware River Basin, Watershed G, less than one mile from the present bank of the Delaware River and along Stoney Run, a creek flowing southwesterly into the Delaware that has been largely channelized. The 1894 U.S.G.S. topographic survey map shows wide areas of marshland along the northwest side of the Delaware River, and extending up Stoney Run to approximately the point where the proposed pipeline crosses the creek. When the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad was opened through Trainer in 1838, a culvert was built to carry the creek beneath the tracks. A drainage ditch parallels the north side of the railroad tracks, which are raised on a fill berm. The ditch flows west-to-east into a culvert and eventually converges with Stoney Run to the southeast of the Project area. Wetlands in the Project area include areas along the stream bank; the ditch paralleling the north side of the railroad tracks; and along the alignment at MP 2.85 (near the corner of Price and Second Streets. Vegetation: No aboriginal vegetation is present within the proposed Tilghman Lateral Project area. Prior to historic-period development, this area would have contained a mix of marshlands along the river and creeks and forested wetlands and uplands. Vegetation within and surrounding the three field survey areas dates to the late 20th century. Current Development: In the northern sub-location, MP 2.35 to 2.45 (to the north of the Norfolk Southern/SEPTA railroad tracks), there is an open, grass-covered area with a playing field (apparently no longer in use). The field is bordered on the east and south by woods that grew up in the later part of the 20th century within formerly cleared land. At MP 2.7 to 2.8 (the east side of the Stoney Run alignment crossing) is a graveled vehicle parking and storage area. MP 2.85 to 2.9 (near the corner of Price and Second Streets) is a landscaped corner occupying what was formerly the intersection of the streets. As noted above and shown on Figure 1.1-3, existing gas pipelines run immediately adjacent to and cross the proposed alignment in all of the survey areas.
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 14
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 15
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 16
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 17 1 2.0 BACKGROUND RESEARCH
2.3 PREHISTORIC AND HISTORIC BACKGROUND 2.3.1 PREHISTORIC PERIOD People inhabited what is now Eastern Pennsylvania beginning in the Paleo-Indian Period (19,400 Before Present (BP) [based on the dating of the Meadowcroft Rockshelter] ─ 11,700 BP) and throughout the ensuing periods defined by archaeologists as the Archaic (11,700 BP ─ 4,850 BP), Transitional or Terminal Archaic (4,850 BP ─ 2,800 BP), and Woodland (2,800 BP to the time of European contact in approximately 1550). General descriptions of these periods and sub-periods within them are available in the archaeological literature, the prior surveys referenced above, and via the PHMC website, and are only briefly summarized here. Paleo-Indians who occupied the region sparsely during the end of the Pleistocene and warming Holocene were likely small, mobile hunter-gatherer groups who used a characteristic type of fluted point along with other tools made from high- quality stone obtained from sources that indicate annual movements of up to 200 miles. As the climate warmed and dense forests, first of spruce and pine and later of hardwoods, developed, the Archaic saw replacement of fluted points with bifurcate-based points, a shift to a more diverse toolkit with more tools made from local stone, and utilization of a wider range of resources with specialized tools for grinding nuts and seeds and for fishing. Changing toolkits are used to date sites to the Early, Middle, and Late Archaic. Over the course of this period there is evidence for a gradual increase in population, with likely decreasing group territorial ranges, and increased seasonal sedentism. The Transitional period, which apparently accompanied a change to a drier climate, is marked by the appearance of broadspears; evidence for long-distance trade (such as Jasper from Lehigh County area appearing throughout the region); carved cooking bowls of steatite and large amounts of fire- cracked rock at sites; and ceremonialism in burials (known from nearby New Jersey sites). Fishtail points replaced broadspears at the end of the Transitional period, and pottery appeared for the first time elsewhere in the region. The Transitional period was distinct from the earlier Archaic and also from the following Woodland period. The latter saw a return to wetter conditions similar to those of today. Notched and stemmed points predominated, and again local stones were preferred. Pottery appears at Early Woodland sites in Pennsylvania, and the use of more permanent base camps is inferred. Horticulture joined hunting, fishing, and gathering by the Late Woodland, and settlements may have been occupied year-round. Pottery was decorated with incised geometric designs on the rims, and regional styles can be discerned. In the Delaware Valley, evidence points to small homesteads and hamlets widely spaced on the landscape rather than stockaded villages such as are found further west. It is postulated that the rich natural resources of this region resulted in a lesser emphasis on horticulture. In general terms, it can be assumed that the vicinity of the Project area was occupied during the millennia prior to written accounts, and possibly over a long period of time. The Lower Delaware River floodplain, marshes, and adjacent upland would have offered excellent opportunities for natural resource exploitation from at least the later Archaic Period, when climatic conditions began to resemble those of today. Numerous freshwater springs feeding small streams were an added attraction along the rising terrace north of present-day Ridge Road, and several streams feeding into the Delaware, including Stoney Run, crossed the lowland. Specialized camps linked to riverine base camps may have dotted the uplands. 2.3.2 HISTORIC PERIOD Unami-speaking, matrilineal Lenape peoples occupied the Lower Delaware region when Europeans arrived. They congregated in winter, living in multi-family longhouses, splitting into smaller groups in the summer months. Dutch traders began direct incursions into the area by the early 17th century, resulting in an acceleration of change, and though the Lenape were able to take advantage of opportunities for trade with Europeans at first,
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 18 1 2.0 BACKGROUND RESEARCH
the neighboring Susquehanoks and Iroquois dominated in the competition for land and trade. Permanent European settlement in the later part of the century sealed the demise of the local Lenape. Disease, war, the depletion of game, and competition for land led to widespread death and disruption of indigenous populations, and survivors were forced west into the central part of the state by the beginning of the 18th century. The Marcus Hook vicinity was an early, but fairly limited, focus of Swedish and Finnish settlement during the middle decades of the 17th century. With the establishment of English authority in the region the lands between the present Naamans and Chester Creeks were granted to a number of individuals and more comprehensive settlement activities followed. In 1682 a group of these early landowners petitioned successfully to have the name of the area officially changed from Marcus Hook to Chichester, with both names remaining in use going forward. English Quakers were the dominant group in the area during the latter part of the 17th century, with the Chester Monthly Meeting established in 1681, followed by the Chichester Monthly Meeting in 1684. The present Lower Chichester Township was initially part of the town of Chichester as established in the initial municipal divisions for Chester County. Separate tax assessments for Lower and Upper Chichester commenced in 1715, with formal recognition as two separate townships delayed until 1759. Delaware County was formed through its separation from Chester County in 1789. Lower Chichester Township was subsequently reduced in size with the incorporation of the Boroughs of Marcus Hook in 1892 and Trainer in 1919 (Ferris 1846; Smith 1862; Ashmead 1884; Wiley 1894; Jordan 1914; Delaware County Planning Department 1981; Shaffer et al. 2005). 2.3.2.1 Transco Meter Station ─ Specific Historic Background Settlement within the Lower Chichester section of the original town of Chichester was dominated from the beginning by isolated farmsteads. The fertile soils in this portion of the Delaware Valley insured the success of agriculture, and Lower Chichester continued as a farming area until well into the 20th century. Wheat and other grains, orchard products, and dairying were significant throughout the region for much of its agricultural history. The map of Lower Chichester included within the atlas of Delaware County published in 1913 (see below) showed that the large farm properties were yet intact, although the first subdivisions (Linwood Heights to the northwest of the hamlet of Linwood and South Chester, and extension of the City of Chester) were in place. Very little open space evoking Lower Chichester’s former agricultural landscape remains today, with the primary example being the Lawn Croft Cemetery in the township’s western corner. The township’s current landscape is dominated by residential, commercial, and industrial development (Ashmead 1884; Delaware County Planning Department 1981; Shaffer et al. 2005). The Transco Meter Station site is within a large tract that was granted to the Rawson family during the early settlement period (Map of the Early Settlements of Delaware County 1862; Map of Upper and Lower Chichester Showing the Early Grants and Patents 1880). Two structures appear on the 1848 Ash Map of Delaware County in the middle of a large property belonging to Joseph Walker, north of the alignment of present-day Ridge Road and near the Transco site (Figure 2.3.2.1-1). Ridge Road was not yet in place when this map was surveyed. The Walker property would be subdivided by the time the road went through, and the eastern portion comprised a farmstead labelled as “J. Goodley” on the Lake and Beers Map of the Vicinity of Philadelphia surveyed in 1860 (Figure 2.3.2.1-2). (The neighboring farm to the west was owned by “W. Goodley” and that farmhouse is currently the office of Lawn Croft Cemetery.) Although the structures on the 1848 map were shown further to the north than the Goodley farmhouses on the 1860 map, the dating of these two farmsteads to the 1840s Walker ownership is a distinct possibility. The J. Goodley farmstead included the Transco Meter Station Project area. Later historic maps and aerial photographs show that the Walker/Goodley (later Allen) farmstead remained in place for 100 years (G.M. Hopkins 1870; Everts & Stewart 1875; Miller et al. 1892; Mueller 1913;
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 19
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 20
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 21 1 2.0 BACKGROUND RESEARCH
Historicaerials.com 1937, 1940). The Everts & Stewart (1875) Atlas of Delaware County (Figure 2.3.2.1-3) depicted the farmhouse with a spring and small stream immediately to the west of the house (as well as springs and streams a short distance to the east and west). A structure that is probably a spring house appears on the 1913 A.H. Mueller Atlas of Delaware County on the property (now owned by Thomas Allen) just southwest of the main house (Figure 2.3.2-4). This structure also is visible on a 1937 aerial photograph (Figure 2.3.2-5) and its foundation was observed on the Transco site during field surveys. The farmhouse itself, along with a large barn and most of the other outbuildings, were sited to the north of the proposed Transco Meter Station, outside the Project APE. A 1940 aerial shows that the farmhouse had been recently demolished. The front (southern) portion of the narrow property was subsequently overtaken by dense woods, while the area to the north of the former farmstead nucleus apparently remained as fallow fields and pasture (historicaerials.com). A FedEx facility was built on part of the northern portion in 2005. 2.3.2.2 Stoney Run Area ─ Specific Historic Background Settlement within what is now Trainer Borough (formerly part of Lower Chichester Township) was also dominated by isolated farmsteads until the second half of the 19th century. The Project area was shown to be sited within large tracts of land owned by Benjamin F. Johnson, Peter N. Gamble, and William Eyre in 1848 and 1860 (Figures 2.3.2.2-1 and 2.3.2.2-2). The dwelling at the center of the Johnson property is said to have been built during the second half of the 18th century, while the Eyre House was built circa 1800 (neither of these buildings remain standing today). The present Post Road (laid out in 1704) and the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad (completed in 1838) were also depicted, as was the cotton factory owned by David Trainer. It was this industrial complex that would spur the development of Trainer Borough during the second half of the 19th century. A grist mill was built at this location on Marcus Hook Creek, during the mid-18th century, with a saw mill added during the early 19th century. Both of these mills came to be controlled by Trainer, and in 1837 he converted the grist mill into a cotton factory, with the locale coming to be known as Trainer’s Mills, or Linwood Mills. The factory was destroyed by fire in 1851, but it was immediately rebuilt, with subsequent expansions including a large addition completed in 1865 and new mill buildings completed in 1869 and 1873 (Ashmead 1884; Wiley 1894; Delaware County Planning Department 1981; Shaffer et al. 2005). The Johnson family ownership of the large tract on the north side of Post Road persisted during the years following the Civil War, but the former Gamble and Eyre properties were acquired by the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad in preparation for the construction of their new rail line along the Delaware River waterfront (see the 1875 Everts & Stewart map in Figure 2.3.2.2-3; see also Hopkins 1870, G.M. Hopkins & Co. 1876, and Miller et al. 1892). David Trainer’s Linwood Mills are shown, as was the Trainer Passenger Station on the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore line (the Trainer Post Office was established within the station in 1882). Also represented in the area surrounding Trainer’s mill complex was some residential development, and over time Trainer would build some 90 dwellings to accommodate his employees. At this point, however, the most significant focus of development was seen in the area bounded on the east by the new Borough of South Chester, north by Post Road, and west by Stoney Run. This small development, which was an extension of South Chester, was laid out by the Chester Improvement Company in 1863. A number of residences and a single industrial facility, a cotton factory leased by David Trainer, were in place by 1875, with both residential and industrial expansion seen here during the final quarter of the 19th century (Ashmead 1884; Wiley 1894; Delaware County Planning Department 1981; Shaffer et al. 2005).
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 22
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 23
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 24
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 25
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 26
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 27
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 28 1 2.0 BACKGROUND RESEARCH
The Johnson family continued its ownership of the property to the north of Post Road into the early decades of the 20th century, with the Reading Railroad still holding the bulk of the large landholding to the south of the road (Figure 2.3.2.2-4; see also Sanborn Map Company 1917 and Underwriters’ Map Association 1918). The Trainer’s Mills complex had been purchased by the N.Z. Graves Paint Company in 1901, although the Trainer family was still involved in the ownership of the cotton mill on Stoney Run in South Chester (this building remained in place until the 1970s). A noteworthy addition within the Project area was the large rail yard shown on the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad, the south side of which remains in place between Main and Booth Streets. Both Trainer and South Chester had witnessed considerable expansion during the early part of the 20th century. Notable expansion was seen in the oil refining industry during this period, and it was this growth that necessitated the removal of the Trainer United Methodist Church from its original site on the south side of Post Road to its current location on 9th Street just to the north of the Stoney Run study area at MP 2.35- 2.4. The new church was completed in 1928, with the brick education building at the rear completed in 1964 (Delaware County Planning Department 1981). The railroad yard once extended well north of the present-day tracks at MP 2.4 to 2.5 of the proposed Tilghman Lateral, as can be seen on historic topographic maps and aerials (see the 1958 aerial in Figure 2.3.2.2-5). The sidings have all been removed north of the present-day active tracks. A baseball field was created in the field in the western half of the archaeological study area near MP 2.45 by 1960, and its circular footprint can still be seen on the landscape. In the MP 2.85 to 2.9 portion of the study area, the original 90-degree intersection of Price and Second Streets (see Figure 2.3.2.2-6) was removed between 1940 and 1953 and replaced with the present curve.
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 29
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 30
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 31
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 32 1 3.0 RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
3.1 GENERAL RESEARCH DESIGN AND ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL The research design for this survey included background research; fieldwork; laboratory processing and analysis of collections; and synthesis of data for this report. Background research (results are reported above) included a file search to identify known historic properties and archaeological sites in the Project area APE and the local vicinity and to review prior surveys in the vicinity; an assessment of the environmental setting including topography, soils, hydrology and vegetation with regard for prehistoric site potential; and a review of historic maps and aerial photographs to assess historic period land use and prior disturbances. Due to the environmental situation and the relative lack of documented disturbance, the Transco Meter Station area was determined to have at least moderate potential for the presence of Pre-Contact Period archaeological resources. The Stoney Run areas were considered to have low to moderate potential due to the proximity to the freshwater stream but the greater likelihood of prior disturbance. Given the paucity of data for the watershed (see Section 2.1 above), any site data from the Project areas would improve upon the existing Pennsylvania database. The Transco site also was assessed as having moderate to high potential for Historic Period archaeological resources associated with the mid-19th-century Walker/Goodley/Allen farmstead. In order to address prehistoric and historic site potential, a plan for Phase I archaeological survey was adopted. The field research and analysis effort was designed solely to determine whether any archaeological resources with the potential to meet National Register evaluation criteria are present within the APE. This survey did not include an evaluation of National Register eligibility under Criterion d (the potential to yield important information). The Phase I survey had the following goals: • Identify prehistoric site locations within the APE; • Identify temporal and functional attributes of prehistoric sites if possible through limited testing; • Locate and identify surviving farmstead features within the APE; • Complete PASS forms for identified sites; • Develop recommendations and methods for evaluative survey, if warranted. Evaluative survey is warranted if identified sites may have sufficient research value and possess sufficient integrity to meet evaluation Criterion d for National Register eligibility, and are subject to impacts from the proposed Project. For prehistoric sites, this assessment largely depends on the potential for stratified deposits and features, association with a discrete culture or time frame, or, for upland locations, on a site’s ability to enhance our understanding of settlement patterns in the region. For the farmstead, the assessment depends on whether surviving farmstead features have the potential to provide important information on changes to landscape and the built environment over time; on the use of agricultural products; on labor and land tenure; or on cultural patterns.
3.2 TRANSCO METER STATION APPROACH The plan for the field survey included the following – constraints and alterations to this plan are noted in italics: • Surface reconnaissance involving a walkover of the Project area to observe surface manifestations such as artifacts or historic-period yard features. The Project area was covered with extremely dense over- and
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 33 1 3.0 RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
undergrowth and numerous downed tree trunks, rendering surface visibility very limited. No surface collection of artifacts was made, as any such collection would be unsystematic due to the conditions; two visible areas of surface scatter of historic debris were noted. • Layout of transects tied to local permanent features or monuments. Site conditions limited the ability to establish continuous transects across the entire parcel; for expediency, two separate grids were employed. • Excavation of shovel tests (STs) at maximum 50’ intervals in dry portions of the Project area. Where possible this interval was adhered to; however, some locations could not be tested. • Excavation of additional STs at closer intervals adjacent to STs that yielded artifacts. Single flake or possible flake: maximum 25 foot interval. Multiple prehistoric items or definite single items: maximum 15 foot interval. Due to the site conditions, not all radials were excavated. Coverage was considered adequate to delineate archaeological site areas within the APE at the Phase I level. • Testing of observable historic-period features or activity areas associated with the farmstead through judgmentally placed STs. The Pennsylvania Multiple Property Documentation Form (MPDF) for Agricultural Resources of Pennsylvania, c1700-1960 (McMurry 2012) defines a farmstead as “encompassing the farm dwelling[s]; barn; outbuildings; and the immediately surrounding land on which these buildings are situated. It would include such landscape features as yards, windbreaks, ponds, gardens, ornamental trees, decorative fences, driveways, etc.” Typically, historic farmstead sites are addressed through careful examination of the ground surface to look for possible features, followed by testing for both features and buried sheet scatter within farmstead nucleus yard and activity areas as well as adjacent to foundations. In this case the historic farmhouse itself was located to the north, outside the APE. The APE is within an area downslope from the main house, in what was once the “front yard” area of the farmstead, containing the known remains of a spring house and potentially remains of other ancillary structures or activity areas. There was minimal surface visibility. Other than the spring house, the farm lane, and two areas with debris scatters, it was not possible to locate potential historic features through site reconnaissance. The field testing program utilizing shovel tests at maximum 50 foot intervals was used to investigate for historic as well as prehistoric resources.
3.3 STONEY RUN AREA APPROACH Because the Stoney Run areas of interest had the potential to contain alluvial deposits, geomorphological investigation was undertaken by Rue Environmental under contract to NV5 (Appendix B). This investigation involved mechanical coring (GeoProbes). The northern location, at MP 2.35 to 2.45, was not accessible for the mechanical coring, and that location was investigated by NV5 archaeologists. Archaeological investigation of the other two locations was planned should geomorphological analysis indicate a potential for buried culture-bearing strata. The plan for the archaeological field survey included the following: • Surface reconnaissance involving a walkover of the Project area to observe surface manifestations such as artifacts or obvious disturbances. • Layout of transects tied to local permanent features or monuments. • Excavation of shovel tests (STs) at maximum 50-foot intervals. • Excavation of additional STs at closer intervals adjacent to STs that yielded artifacts. Single flake or possible flake: maximum 25-foot interval. Multiple prehistoric items or definite single items: maximum 15-foot interval. Because no Pre-Contact artifacts were recovered, no radial STs were warranted.
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 34 1
4.0 FIELD SURVEY
4.1 TRANSCO METER STATION
4.1.1 INTRODUCTION Phase I archaeological fieldwork at the proposed Transco Meter Station was accomplished over a 4-day period in August, 2018. The survey site is a rectangular-shaped parcel extending along Ridge Road for 776 feet and along the FedEx Drive for 634 feet (see Figure 1.1-2). Easements for active utility lines extend along the south, east, and west sides of parcel. There are no standing structures within the surveyed area. As noted, most of the survey area is wooded and densely overgrown. The northwestern portion of the area contains numerous downed trees and very thick undergrowth. The southwest portion of the Project area consists of a muddy wetland fed by natural springs. However, a dry, slightly elevated, narrow bench lies within the wetland, to the north of the cleared gas line easement along Ridge Road. In general, the lot has a slight downward slope from the northeast to the south and west to Ridge Road with elevations ranging from 60 feet to 80 feet ASL. There is a more pronounced drop in elevation in the northwest portion. The Phase I survey included surface inspection and test excavations. Forty-nine 1 foot x 1.5 feet STs were excavated over the APE at maximum intervals of 50 feet, where possible. As noted, limited time made clearing the extremely dense briars and undergrowth in some locations prohibitive. Utility easements were avoided, and testing in the wet area was restricted to the slightly raised bench. The archaeological test locations are shown on Figure 4.1.1-1. 4.1.2 Surface Survey and Site Preparation A walkover of the APE was undertaken to examine surface conditions, and a grid was established for the purpose of accurately locating all test units. A secondary growth of mixed hardwoods covers the Project area’s APE. Scattered across the site were individual specimens of cherry (Prunus avium) and apple (Malus pumila) trees. Vines, which included poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans), Concord grape (Vitis labrusca), and honeysuckle (Lonicera sp.) had reached the canopy of some trees. Soil adhering to the root systems of downed trees and the ejected soil from rodent burrows was examined for the presence of cultural material and to gain an understanding of the site’s soil conditions. The apple trees in the in the eastern portion of the Project’s APE may be surviving specimens from an orchard that was extant further to the north into the 1930s (see Figure 2.3.2.1-5). Rather than laying out a grid over the entire APE, three baselines were extended through the wooded portion of the Project area and subsequently tied into landmarks on Ridge Road. Each line was hand cleaned of small saplings, fallen trees, low weeds, bushes, and the thick undercover of vines and briers for the primary purpose of providing clear sight lines and to examine the surface for artifact concentrations or surface expressions of archaeological features. Perpendicular transects were laid out at 50 foot intervals along the baselines except for the short one along the small slightly raise bench in the southwest part of the study area (Plates 4.1.2-1 and 4.1.2-2 and see Plate 2.2.1-2 above). Due to time constraints and the dense undergrowth and downed trees, none of the lines extended to the northern property line. While no Pre-Contact artifacts or pre-20th-century historic artifact concentrations were noted on the surface of the Project area, historic period cultural resources, including the foundation remains of the Walker/Goodley/Allen farm spring house and two sheet scatters of household debris, were noted in the northwest quadrant of the survey area (see Figure 4.1.1-1). No surface expressions of shaft features were encountered. In general, the surface was lightly littered with modern debris, including fast food packaging, automobile parts, and a few widely scattered piles of asphalt road fragments and concrete slabs.
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 35
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 36
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 37 1
4.0 FIELD SURVEY
4.1.2.1 Walker/Goodley/Allen Farmstead Spring House The ruins of the Walker/Goodley/Allen Farmstead Spring House were located approximately 190 feet from the north side of Ridge Road along the north edge of a large wetland. Based on cartographic evidence, the building was of masonry construction (see Figure 2.3.2.1-4), but no additional documented architectural details, such as the number of stories, style of roof, or the placement of windows have been obtained. Built into a bank and enclosing a fresh water spring, the remains of the rectangular structure straddle the transition from the first terrace to the adjacent wetlands with its long axis oriented northwest-to-southeast (see Figure 4.1.1-1 and Plates 4.1.2.1-1 through 5). The structure’s interior and the area immediately adjacent to the exterior were hand cleared of small trees, bushes, and loose debris, and subsequently recorded with photographs and a scaled drawing (Figure 4.1.2.1-1). No archaeological tests were placed on the structure as the survey was limited to a Phase I presence-absence investigation (Phase II testing might sample associated archaeological deposits and provide an approximate date of construction as well as additional construction details). No attempt was made to clear the feature’s muddy interior (which still maintains a steady flow of water) of wall tumble, or to locate potentially identifiable interior features, which may provide information as to how the spring water was impounded and controlled; how the interior space of the structure was ordered; and how water was ultimately channeled out of the structure. Constructed of un-coursed, faced fieldstones and courses of brick, the spring house measured 21 feet long by 17.5 feet wide with 18 to 20 inch thick walls, providing an interior work/storage space of approximately 246 square feet. Brickwork was confined to four courses of red brick along the interior edge of the south wall (see Plate 4.1.2.1-4). It is not known whether this represents a maintenance episode or was part of the original construction. As show in Plate 4.1.2.1-1, the interior of the stone walls may have been covered by a plaster coating, and they show evidence of having been repointed. Despite much of the structure’s east and south walls having been removed, a few aligned (and evidently in-situ) stones were identified to provide the original location of each wall. Structural details recorded for the current Project indicate the structure had a continuous rubble stone foundation with a 32-inch wide opening for a door located on the northwest wall. The door was offset 5 feet from the structure’s southwest corner. What appears to be the location of an aperture in the foundation for out-flowing water was located on the southeast wall opposite the northwest wall’s door. A narrow stone-lined channel appears to have extended southeast from the spring house (Plate 4.1.2.1-3). Following the farmstead’s abandonment in the 1930s, a substantial portion of the structure collapsed and/or was robbed of building stone. The northwest wall has shifted and bows inward. It is not known whether the movement of the masonry, possibly due to ground or hydrostatic pressure from upslope, occurred prior to or after its period of use. 4.1.2.2 Walker/Goodley/Allen Farmstead Lane The second feature associated with the Walker/Goodley/Allen Farmstead was an unpaved lane located along the east side of the wetland area and running upslope in a slightly southeast to northwest direction. The approximately 10-foot wide lane was located 270 feet west of and essentially parallel to the present-day FedEx Drive, and the alignment is marked by a low soil berm on its northeast side. Historic aerials and cartographic sources indicate the lane curved to the northwest extending to the farmstead’s main complex of buildings. Figure 4.1.2.2-1 superimposes the archaeological site plan on the 1937 aerial photograph, showing STs 1-4 aligned along the lane ─ in actuality, the photograph is slightly distorted and the tests were within the lane. The northwestern section of the lane, which extended through the most heavily overgrown part of the Project area, was not identified in the field. The southern end (approximately 80 feet in length), which formerly intersected with Ridge Road, has
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 38
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 39
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 40
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 41
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 42
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 43 1
4.0 FIELD SURVEY
been removed as a result of pipeline installation adjacent to the north side of the road. Scattered debris, including the steel chassis and wheels of an automobile, was noted along the east side of the lane. 4.1.2.3 Walker/Goodley/Allen Farmstead Trash Deposits Although no surface collections of material were made, the walkover of the Project area identified two broad scatters of household trash. The first was at the northwest end of the identified portion of the farm lane along the edge of a somewhat steeper slope down to the wetland. Some of the material was evidently ejected by rodent action. The most prominent and diagnostic objects in the trash deposit included early- to mid-20th-century glass bottles and household ceramics. A second, more scattered, debris field was located upslope and northwest of the spring house, between the latter and the farmhouse. In general, this scatter appeared to contain a greater variety of material, including scrap metal, glass bottles, and a number of stoneware crock fragments. The material also dates to the early 20th century and, possibly, the late 19th century. The stoneware fragments noted on the surface upslope of the spring house may be from the types of vessels that would have been used in the building to keep perishable foods cool.
4.1.3 ARCHAEOLOGICAL TESTING 4.1.3.1 Methods STs measured approximately 1 foot by 1.5 feet and were excavated entirely by shovel. Excavation was conducted according to observed soil strata. With the exception of a few STs that encountered large roots and rocks, all of the units were excavated into sterile subsoil. All were consecutively numbered starting with number “001” and were laid out along the established grids. Each ST was additionally labeled according to the location of the unit’s northwest corner on the grid. A few were offset due to local obstructions, usually tree trunks or large roots. The locations of STs were marked with survey pins and flagging and all were recorded on the site plan. Excavated soil was dry screened through ¼-inch steel wire cloth. Some secondary fill deposits that were clearly the result of recent disturbances were not screened. All cultural material, including household and personal items, construction debris, and the byproducts from household heating, such as coal and coal ash, was retained and identified according to stratigraphic context within the ST. Surface debris and recent deposits of asphalt and concrete in STs were either noted or sampled. Backfilling was accomplished as fieldwork progressed, with all tests units being returned to their original grade. A sequential provenience catalog for the entire Project was kept in the field, with assigned numbers beginning with “0001” for the Transco Meter Station area. Each discrete field context (e.g., a soil stratum within an excavation unit) was given a unique number in the provenience catalog. Attributes recorded include soil color, type and composition, thickness, depths and excavator’s notes. See Appendix C for a detailed list of the stratification recorded for all test units. Laboratory processing consisted of cleaning, identifying, and counting all materials retained in the field, followed by their compilation into a database. Items were entered according to provenience, material (e.g., glass, metal, bone, etc.), and functional classification. No items in need of immediate conservation were recovered during the field effort. With the exception of three oyster shell fragments weighing less than 1.0 gram (recovered from ST 42 ─ Stratum A, Cat# 0094), no faunal or floral material was recovered. Three analytical units (contexts) have been defined for the Transco Meter Station survey: A ─ fill strata; B ─ the topsoil layer (possibly plow zone in some units); and C ─ the subsoil. A complete inventory of recovered material, organized according to analytical unit, provenience (i.e., test unit and stratum) and artifact category and function, is presented in Appendix D and summarized in Table 4.1.3.1-1.
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 44 1
4.0 FIELD SURVEY
Table 4.1.3.1-1. Transco Meter Station Phase I Testing, Distribution of Pre-Contact and Historic Material
A: B: C: Pre-contact Material Fill Strata Topsoil Subsoil Total
Pre-Contact Material Tools ─ utilized flakes, bifaces 2 2 Waste flakes ─ unident. or blocky 15 2 17 Waste flakes ─ primary 5 3 8 Waste flakes ─ secondary 1 4 5 Waste flakes ─ tertiary 5 5 10 Core 2 3 5 Total Pre-Contact 28 19 47 Non-cultural or raw material 9 3 12 Total Pre-Contact and Possible Pre-Contact/Raw Material 37 22 59 Historic Material Household Ceramic Sherds Food preparation/pantry 1 5 4 10 Table or tea service 11 3 14 Unidentified 3 7 10 Subtotal 1 19 14 34 Glass Bottles and Commercial Container Sherds Beer/ale 6 5 11 Wine/liquor 1 1 2 Other/unident. beverage 17 10 5 32 Pickle/sauce 9 9 Canning jar 1 1 2 Medicine 1 1 2 Other/unidentifiable 10 78 4 92 Subtotal 34 104 12 150 Miscellaneous Household/Personal Small Finds Lighting 1 102 103 Buttons, fasteners 2 1 3 Glasswares 1 3 4 Flowerpot 4 2 1 7 Arms/bullets 3 3 Other/unidentifiable 14 43 8 65 Subtotal 22 154 9 185 Construction and Waste Material
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 45 1
4.0 FIELD SURVEY
A: B: C: Pre-contact Material Fill Strata Topsoil Subsoil Total
Nails
Wrought or Machine Cut? 1 1
Machine Cut 1 1 2
Wire Cut 9 9
Unidentified 4 2 6
Screw 1 1
Window glass 3 31 9 43
Brick, Mortar, Plaster(Grams) 43.8 2010.1 26.9 2080.8
Brick, Mortar, Plaster (Count) 11 33 7 51
Coal (Grams) 17.7 159.1 19.8 196.6
Coal (Count) 7 128 27 162
Other 9 2 1 12
Subtotal (Count) 30 209 48 287
Total Historic Material (Count) 87 486 83 656
Grand Total 87 523 105 715
4.1.3.2. Description of Excavations and Results, Transco Meter Station A series of fill deposits and a contrasting soil stratigraphy was noted in STs 1-4, located within the bed of the unpaved Walker/Goodley/Allen Farmstead farm lane. In ST 4, fill strata that included ash and cinder were excavated to a depth of 1.6 feet below the surface. These deposits were evidently associated with road construction and maintenance. Other test units within the lane encountered stones that may have been intentionally placed in the roadbed as an aid to traction. Subsoil consisted of a strong brown (7.5YR-5/8) clay loam mottled with brown (7.5YR-5/2) clay loam. Historic period material was recovered from the fill in the Walker/Goodley/Allen farmstead lane. A total of 87 items was retained, including a single ceramic sherd, bottle glass and commercial containers fragments (n=34), personal items and small finds (n=22), and construction materials (n=30). Most of material appears to date to the mid- to late 20th century. No Pre-Contact material was recovered. Forty-two test units, STs 5-46, were excavated within the wooded and overgrown portion of the APE that covers the area east of the farm lane and north and west of the wetlands. The majority of the tests sampled a thin upper stratum of very dark gray (2.5YR-3/0) silt loam or a brown/dark brown (010YR-4/3) clay loam with humus and a heavy root mat that was underlain by a thick topsoil deposit of dark brown (010YR-3/3) clay loam. Designated stratum A, the root mat and topsoil layer was generally level and measured on average 0.5 foot thick. Beneath it, there was a gradual change in soil color and compaction. Designated Stratum B, the subsoil consisted of a yellowish brown (010YR-5/4) clay loam that averaged 0.7 foot thick and was excavated to depths of 2 to 2.5 feet below the surface across the APE. The lower portions of the layer tended to be more compact with a slight increase in the amount of rounded, pea-sized quartz pebbles. In a few STs located in the western part of the APE a thin transitional zone of lighter colored light brownish/gray (2.5Y -6/2) silt loam was noted between the
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 46 1
4.0 FIELD SURVEY
topsoil and the subsoil. Similarly to the underlying subsoil, this layer generally contained few items or was devoid of cultural material. A scatter of Pre-Contact and Historic-period material was sampled by the majority of the forty-two shovel tests located outside the farm lane and the delineated wetland. In general, the material was most dense in the area north, east, and west of the spring house, and decreased in variety and quantity toward the southeast and eastern portions of the APE. The overall collection includes 628 items, including Pre-Contact lithics plus possible raw material fragments (n=59) and a wide variety of historic household debris (n=569). The historic material includes household ceramics (n=33) and glasswares (n=3), bottle glass and commercial containers (n=116), construction and waste fuel material (n=257, Wt.=2215.9 grams), and personal items and small finds (n=51). This assemblage appears to be attributable to the second quarter of the 19th century through the early 20th century. The most temporally diagnostic items include the ceramics, glass bottles, and some of the personal items, with some of the earliest manufactured ceramic items consisting of 2 undecorated creamware body sherds and a single undecorated pearlware body fragment. A large percentage of the historic material (n=222 or 39.0%) was recovered from a single shovel test (ST 44) located upslope and to the north of a surface deposit of household trash. The 222 items include sherds from just a few shattered glass bottles, window glass, and 101 sherds from a molded, milk glass lamp shade or globe. Pre-Contact period material recovered from STs 5 through 46 is summarized in Tables 4.1.3.1-1, 4.1.3.2-1, and 4.1.3.2-2. A sample of items is shown in Plate 4.1.3.2-1. The spatial distribution of lithic items indicates a concentration in the western part of the study parcel, on the north side of the wetland. Dense undergrowth prevented adequate clearing between the two grids established on the surveyed property, and no STs were excavated in the space between ST 42 and the farm lane. This area was probably disturbed in the period of the Walker/Goodley/Allen Farmstead, when the farm lane split off and a driveway led through here to the house; it was also largely wet during the field survey. Pre-Contact items were recovered, however, from two tests east of the farm lane, STs 11 and 12, and an isolated item was found in ST 27, in the southeast part of the proposed meter station footprint. Therefore, two loci, Locus A and Locus B, are proposed for the Pre-Contact Site. Locus B is limited to the area surrounding STs 11 and 12, and is represented in the assemblage of artifacts by only four items. It is likely the artifacts found in ST 27 (a jasper tertiary flake and a blocky fragment of quartz) were washed downslope. It is presumed that the site extended upslope to the north outside the study parcel, but that entire area to the north has been subject to significant recent disturbances from construction of large buildings. Based on the materials represented and the lack of pottery, the Pre-Contact site is tentatively identified as a camp dating to sometime during the Archaic Period, the location likely selected for easy access to one or more springheads. Three STs, 47-49, were placed within the delineated wetlands on a narrow, slightly raised bench that measured approximately 60 feet wide by 150 feet in length and extends in north/south direction (see Plate 2.2.1-3). The dry, open area was sparsely wooded with very little undergrowth. Active streams fed by natural springs (including the water source exploited for the spring house located to the north) border the bench on the north and south. These small rivulets converge and drain in a concrete inlet located at the southwest corner of the lot. Additional research would be needed to determine if the stream is carried under Ridge Road in a culvert or empties into the storm-water system. Each of the test units contained a 0.3 to 0.5 foot thick topsoil layer of very dark grayish brown (010YR-3/2) silt loam with a dense root mat and organic matter, stratum A. Underlying the compact topsoil was subsoil, a pale brown (010YR-6/3) silt loam mottled with strong brown (7.5YR-4/6) silt loam that was excavated to a depth of not more than 1.5 feet below the surface. No Pre-Contact or Historic-period cultural material was recovered in the area. In fact, only a few rounded quartz pebbles were noted for each test unit.
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 47 1
4.0 FIELD SURVEY
Table 4.1.3.2-1. Distribution of Lithics by Shovel Test
Non-Cultural or ST Artifacts Raw Material Total 7 1 1 11 1 1 12 3 3 16 2 2 17 1 2 23 1 2 25 1 2 27 2 2 33 3 3 35 2 2 36 4 2 6 37 3 1 4 40 3 3 41 2 2 42 4 2 6 43 *17 1 18 44 3 3 Total 47 12 59
*some were a result of shattering during excavation
Table 4.1.3.2-2. Distribution of Lithics by Material
Possible Point Utilized Primary Secondary Tertiary Blocky Non-Cultural or Core Fragment Flake Flake Flake Flake Flake* Raw Material Total
Jasper 1 1 7 2 2 4 17
Quartz 4 1 3 5 17 4 34
Quartzite 1 2 1 4
Chert 1 1
Unidentified 3 3
Total 5 1 1 8 5 10 17 12 59
*some were a result of shattering during excavation of ST 43
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 48
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 49 1
4.0 FIELD SURVEY
In summary, the Phase I archaeological testing of the Transco Meter Station has identified archaeological resources attributable to the Pre-Contact period and to the 19th–20th century Walker/Goodley/Allen Farmstead. A lithic scatter has been identified in the upslope, western portion of the Project area to the north and northeast of the spring house (Locus A). Material was recovered from both a topsoil stratum as well as the underlying soil. The lithic scatter apparently also extends eastward to the area between the proposed Transco Meter Station and the north property line (Locus B), though only four artifacts were recovered in that location. No Pre-Contact features, such as hearths or pits, were identified in the limited Phase I testing. The original site may have extended north into the area where the farmhouse would be sited in the 19th century. In addition to the Pre-Contact assemblage, historic period cultural resources include structural remains of a spring house, a farm lane, and scattered debris with at least two surface concentrations observed, all associated with the Walker/Goodley/Armstrong Farmstead. This farmstead dates to as early as the 1840s (see Section 2.3.2 above for background history), though only 3 datable artifacts may be from that period (creamware and pearlware ceramic sherds). Both the Pre-Contact material and the overlapping historic material are located in the upslope yard area between the site of the farmhouse and the spring house. The high activity area was part of the farmstead nucleus. While no farmhouse period shaft features, such as a privy or well, were identified in any of the test units, there is a high potential for these types archaeological features given there have been few impacts in the area since the abandonment of the farmstead.
4.2 STONEY RUN SURVEY AREA 4.2.1 INTRODUCTION The Stoney Run Areas at MP 2.75 and 2.85-9 were subjected to geomorphological investigation (conducted by Rue Environmental, LLC ─ see Appendix B for the report), which resulted in a recommendation that no archaeological testing is warranted. The Stoney Run Area at MP 2.35-2.45 was not accessible for geomorphological borings. Phase I archaeological fieldwork was therefore undertaken in this portion of the Stoney Run Area. The northern half of the MP 2.35-2.45 field study area is the property of Trainer Borough, and the southern half belongs to the Norfolk Southern/SEPTA railroad. The archaeological survey, consisting of a surface reconnaissance and excavation of 5 STs, was accomplished on November 29, 2018. Access from Trainer Borough was not obtained by this date, and therefore subsurface testing was undertaken only in the southern half of the study area. Subsequently, based on the results of that testing, it was concluded that additional tests are not required in the northern half. A large circular baseball playing field is documented on historic aerials from the 1960s on, covering almost the entire western portion of the study area – a trace of its footprint can still be seen on the ground, and is visible on Figure 4.2.1-1. In addition, existing gas lines traverse the southwest quadrant of the study area (see Figure 1.1- 3). The subsurface investigation focused on the eastern half of the MP 2.35-2.45 study area.
4.2.2 SURFACE RECONNAISSANCE Elevations in the level, grass covered field top out at approximately 40 foot ASL with a slight downward slope to the east. The remains of benches and bleacher seating structures in the area suggests the area was used fairly recently as an athletic field. There are no standing structures within the area. A walkover of the area north of the railroad tracks in the MP 2.35-2.45 vicinity identified a steep embankment to the south and a more gradual slope down to a wetland area at the eastern edge of the field. Both the embankments appear to be composed of a 5 to 7 foot-thick layer of fill containing large fragments of asphalt,
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 50
Figure 4.2.1-1. Archaeological Test Locations, Stoney Run Area, MP 2.4.
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 51 1
4.0 FIELD SURVEY
concrete, automobile tires, and lengths of iron pipe (see Plates 2.2.2-4 and 4.2.2-1). To the south, the steep embankment ends at a narrow, relatively level ground that flanks a drainage ditch. The drainage ditch flows from west to east along the north side of the former railroad yard ending at a concrete headwall marking the location of the culvert that carries Stoney Run beneath the tracks (see Figure 2.3.2.2-5 and Plate 4.2.2-2). Prior to the start of fieldwork the route of two existing gas lines, an 8 inch diameter pipe and a 20 inch diameter pipe, were marked out by Williams Transco. The easements for the existing gas lines, which extend to the east, south, and west beyond the limits of this project, cut across the center of the Project area (see Figure 1.1-3). The existing gas lines cross the fill embankment and the drainage ditch. No surface manifestations of archaeological resources were observed.
4.2.3 ARCHAEOLOGICAL TESTING 4.2.3.1 Methods The field and lab methods employed for the Transco Meter Station were followed for the Stoney Run survey area (see Section 4.1.3.1 above). A sequential provenience catalog was kept in the field. Like the Transco Meter Station fieldwork, test units were numbered beginning with “0001” but the individual stratigraphic contexts encountered were entered into the provenience catalog with the “0300” series of numbers. With the exception of one ST in which the recent fill strata were not individually described, each discrete field context (e.g., a soil stratum within an excavation unit) was given a unique number in the provenience catalog. Attributes recorded include soil color, type and composition, thickness, and excavator’s notes. See Appendix C for a detailed list of the stratification recorded for all STs. 4.2.3.2 Description of Excavations and Results Five STs (see Figure 4.2.1-1) were placed along a single east/west transect that was offset 20 feet to the south of an existing gas line that had been flagged. The proposed centerline for the Tilghman Lateral is aligned parallel to and offset to the north of that existing line. The STs contained a 0.6 foot to 2.9 foot-thick stratified fill deposits that increased in thickness from west to east (Plates 4.2.3.2-1 and 2). In ST 1, a thin topsoil layer and a disturbed layer of yellowish brown (010YR-5/8) silt loam extended to a depth of 0.65’ below the surface. Underlying this was a compact pale brown (010YR-6/3) clay loam mottled with dark yellowish brown (010YR-4/6) clay loam and grayish brown (010YR-5/2) clay loam that was excavated to a depth of 2.95 feet with no change (Plate). In ST 4, located 125 feet to the east, the fill measured 2.7 feet thick. ST 4 was excavated to a depth of 3.1 feet with the aid of a posthole digger. A thin (0.2 foot thick) lens of brown/dark brown (010YR-4/3) clay loam was reached at a depth of 2.9 feet below the surface, possibly redeposited topsoil and wetland soils from the grading and filling in the area. It was underlain by subsoil, which consisted of a yellowish brown (010YR-5/8) clay loam. At 3.1 feet below the surface, water started to pool into the test. No cultural material was recovered from any of the STs other than 2 sherds each of ceramic and bottle glass and three unidentifiable glass and iron fragments from screened secondary fill strata. In summary, the area appears to have been cut to subsoil and the lower-lying areas to the south and east were filled. Aerial photographs of the mid-20th century indicate the cutting may have occurred at that time (Figure 2.3.2.2-5). Because the field testing confirmed a major truncation of original soils, and geomorphological analysis indicates little or no potential for buried strata from early human occupation (see Appendix B), it was decided that no further subsurface investigation in the MP 2.35-2.45 area is warranted.
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 52
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 53
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 54 1 5.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1. IDENTIFIED RESOURCES ─ THE WALKER GOODLEY ALLEN PREHISTORIC AND HISTORIC SITE One prehistoric and historic archaeological site, which has been named the Walker Goodley Allen site, was identified in the Phase I survey. It consists of an undated Pre-Contact lithic scatter and a spring house, farm lane, and scattered refuse belonging to the Walker/Goodley/Allen Farmstead, which occupied the property for approximately 100 years (circa 1840 to 1940). A Pennsylvania Archaeological Site Survey form P.A.S.S. form has been submitted electronically for the site, and it has been assigned Site Number 36DEnnnn. The boundary of the site has been drawn so as to encompass areas with archaeological resources that would warrant further testing (Phase II evaluative testing) should they be subject to potential Project impacts (Figure 5.1- 1). This boundary excludes several areas, as follows: • The farm lane, which is not considered to have potential to provide new information on the historic farmstead; • The wetland that covers much of the western half of parcel 08-02-001:003. (Note that Figure 5.1-1 delineates this wetland based on observed field conditions –the delineated wetland is slightly different, as shown previously on Figures 1. 1.1-2 and 4.1.1-1); • Most of the eastern portion of the property, including within the limit of disturbance for the proposed Transco Meter Station (the station itself, which will be fenced; the access road; and the diversion ditch). Only one ST within the proposed meter station footprint produced a definite Pre-Contact artifact, ST 27. The other STs within the footprint contained sparse historic material and in two cases lithic items that are either non- cultural or represent raw material. Based on its location in relation to the Walker/Goodley/Allen Farmstead nucleus, this area is not likely to contain historic features and there were no concentrations of artifacts visible on the surface. The proposed Transco Meter Station site will occupy land that was once downslope from the farmstead nucleus to the east of the lane. It may have once been part of the farm’s orchard. The prehistoric site appears to encompass a discrete area on dry ground near the spring, referred to herein as Locus A, and also to extend eastward across the former farm lane and farmhouse driveway into an area (Locus B) that is of less importance, located just south of the parcel 08-02-001:003 property line and fence. The northern overall site boundary is not known and probably lies outside the APE, although the property to the north has been significantly disturbed through recent construction and the present property line may be an adequate line of convenience. The historic-period component of the identified site consists of the remains of the farmstead spring house and two areas where concentrations of household trash were observed on the surface. Components of the Walker/Goodley/Allen Farmstead may be extant adjacent to the north-northwest of the study parcel, closer to where the farmhouse once stood, but again, that area has undergone significant recent disturbance and there is little likelihood that this part of the farmstead site retains sufficient integrity to provide important new information. Data from the Phase I are insufficient for a determination of National Register eligibility for the Walker Goodley Allen site. Based on findings of this survey, the following can be stated: • The prehistoric component adds to the sparse database of known sites within the watershed and along the upland above the Delaware River floodplain. However, no diagnostic artifacts were found and the site’s
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 55
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 56 1 15.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ability to provide important information other than location is unknown. Additional excavation might yield datable artifacts or features. Further research on lithic raw materials used at previously identified datable sites within the watershed might also allow for tighter dating. The historic component may not meet evaluation Criterion d for National Register listing because the farmstead as a whole has lost integrity through later disturbances. The Multiple Property Designation Form for farms in Pennsylvania addresses archaeological significance for farmsteads as follows: Based on current research in historical archaeology, the registration requirements for archaeological properties that are farmsteads in Pennsylvania are that the site provide important information on changes to landscape and the built environment over time; on the use of agricultural products; on labor and land tenure; and on cultural patterns. To be eligible under these registration requirements, a site must provide important information…and must also demonstrate integrity. For archaeology, integrity should be measured in light of the current state of archaeological knowledge for that region, the research questions being addressed, and the unit of analysis. For example, the standards of integrity for a region without a robust archaeological record would be less stringent than for an area that is well-documented archaeologically. In addition, a site where the significance lies in its ability to provide information about change over time should have discrete deposits that can be directly associated with different time periods. Two factors contribute to the research interest of the historic site: few farmsteads have been studied in Delaware County; and the springhouse represents a particular phase of agricultural development in southeastern Pennsylvania as well as a women’s workspace (used for dairying). However, the lack of integrity of the farmstead site as a whole – most of the nucleus has been destroyed – along with the unlikelihood of finding discrete datable deposits associated with the use of the springhouse over time, probably would render the springhouse remains ineligible for National Register listing. The recordation provided in the current report is recommended as adequate for purposes of site identification.
5.2. RECOMMENDATIONS The main portion of the Walker Goodley Allen site identified during this survey – Locus A – is within the originally- defined Project archaeological study area but lies approximately 130’ to the west of the APE for the proposed Transco Meter Station as currently defined. Locus B, however, lies adjacent to the north side of the proposed station. ST 12, which produced two Pre-Contact artifacts, was sited just 25’ outside the proposed Transco Meter Station boundary. Ideally a buffer of 50’ is established between a known site and the area subject to subsurface impacts. However, because testing surrounding ST 12 was negative for Pre-Contact material, a 25’ buffer should be adequate. Fencing to clearly delimit the perimeter of the proposed construction zone, as shown on the maps produced for this report, should be installed prior to any site work. Project plans should clearly note that no grading shall occur and no equipment is to be run outside this perimeter fence. No further archaeological investigation is recommended. Should Project plans change so that the identified site will be vulnerable to potential impacts, Phase II testing and an assessment of effects will be required.
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 1 REFERENCES
Ash, Joshua W. 1843 Map of Delaware County. Robert P. Smith, Philadelphia. Ashmead, Henry Graham 1884 History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania. L.H. Everts & Co., Philadelphia. Ayers-Rigsby, Sara (EBI Consulting) 2011 Phase I Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey: PHI Lower Chichester. Basalik, Kenneth J. (CHRS, Inc.) 2000 Preliminary Results of Phase Ib/II Archaeological Survey, Market Street Bridge Replacement, Lower Chichester Twp & Marcus Hook Borough, Delaware Co, PA. Basalik, Kenneth J. (CHRS, Inc.) 2009 Phase IA Archaeological Survey, Market Street Bridge Replacement Project, S.R. 0452, Section 03S, Borough of Marcus Hook and Lower Chichester Township, Delaware County. Beckerman, P.A. 1994 Phase I Archaeological Survey, SR 0322, Sec. 100, Concord Twp., Delaware Co. Blondino, Joseph R. (Temple University) 2006 The Marcus Hook Plank Log House: A Preliminary Report on its Significance and Archaeological Investigation. Breetzke, D. (Envir. and Arch.) 2004 Ph I Cult. Res. Report for the Texas Eastern Logan Lateral Project in Delaware Co., PA. Breetzke, D. (Envir. and Arch.) 2005 Addendum Ph I Cult. Res. Report for the Texas Eastern Logan Lateral Project in Delaware Co., PA. Cushman, Julie M., Daniel G. Roberts, Richard J. Webster, Betty J. Cosans (Milner) 1981 Preliminary Archeological Survey in Selected Areas of the Delaware River Coastal Zone, Southeastern Pennsylvania. Custer, Jay 1996 Prehistoric Cultures of Eastern Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, Harrisburg. Delaware County Planning Department 1981 Delaware County Historic Resources Survey: Report and Findings for Lower Chichester Township. Delaware County Planning Department 1981 Delaware County Historic Resources Survey: Report and Findings for Trainer Borough. Everts & Stewart 1875 Combination Atlas Map of Delaware County. Everts & Stewart, Philadelphia. Ferris, Benjamin 1846 A History of the Original Settlements on the Delaware, From Its Discovery by Hudson to the Colonization Under William Penn. Wilson & Heald, Wilmington. Franklin Survey Company 1934 Property Atlas of Delaware County. Franklin Survey Company, Philadelphia. Historicaerials.com 1940- Aerial photographs and topographic maps. Accessed December 2018. Hopkins, G.M. 1870 Atlas of Delaware County. G.M. Hopkins, Philadelphia. Iardella, C.T. 1881 Shore of Delaware River Chester to Naaman’s Cr. U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, Washington D.C.
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 58 1 REFERENCES
Jordan, John W. 1914 A History of Delaware County Pennsylvania and Its People. Lewis Historical Publishing Co., New York. Lake, D.J. and S.N. Beers 1860 Map of the Vicinity of Philadelphia. J.E. Gillette & Co., Philadelphia. Lawrence, J. (A.D. Marble) 2007 Phase IA Archaeological Survey S.R. 0095, Section 0322 (Including Bridge over CSX Railroad), Improvements to S.R. #010 (Bethel Road) Chester City, Chester Township, and Upper Chichester Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania. Lenert, Michael (A.D. Marble) 2012 Phase IB Archaeological Investigation and Phase II Evaluation Report, S.R. 0095, Section 322, I-95/US Route 322 Interchange Improvement, Engle Street Bridge, City of Chester, Chester Township and Upper Chichester Township, Delaware County. Map of Delaware Co. and the City of Philadelphia 1876 G.M. Hopkins & Co., Philadelphia. Map of the Early Settlements of Delaware County 1862 In George Smith, History of Delaware County. Henry B. Ashmead, Philadelphia. Map of the Vicinity of Philadelphia 1853 Robert P. Smith, Philadelphia. Map of Upper and Lower Chichester Showing the Early Grants and Patent 1880 In Benjamin H. Smith, Atlas of Delaware County, Henry B. Ashmead, Philadelphia. McVarish, D. (John Milner Assoc.) 2008 Phase IA Cultural Resources Investigation, Chester Riverfront Project, Chester, Delaware County. Miller, Wm. S., St. J. Ogier, Wm. S. McDonald, and Forsey Breou 1892 Farm Line and Borough Atlas of Delaware Co. E.W. Smith and Co., Philadelphia. Mueller, A.H. (compiled from Lathrop, J.M., and St. Julian Ogier) 1913 Atlas of Delaware County West of Ridley Creek. Volume Two, Plate 45. A.H. Mueller, Philadelphia. Otter, Edward 2014 Phase I Archaeological Survey, Proposed Cellular Communication Facility Marcus Hook, Marcus Hook, Delaware County. Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission (PHMC) http://www.phmc.state.pa.us/portal/communities/archaeology/native-american/index.htm Sanborn Map and Publishing Co. 1885 Chester. Sanborn Map and Publishing Co., New York. Sanborn Map Company 1917 Insurance Maps of Chester. Sanborn Map Company, New York. Sanborn-Perris Map Company 1891 Chester and South Chester. Sanborn-Perris Map Company, New York. Sanborn-Perris Map Company 1898 Insurance Maps of Chester. Sanborn-Perris Map Company, New York. Shaffer, Barbara J., Richard L. White, Richard T. Baublitz, Andrew Wyatt, Brenda L. Carr-Weller, Lara A. Otis, Francine F. Arnold (McCormick Taylor) 2005 Phase I Archaeological Identification Survey for SR0095, Section CAS, Chester City Access Project, Delaware County, Pennsylvania. Smith, Benjamin H. 1880 Atlas of Delaware County. Henry B. Ashmead, Philadelphia.
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 59 1 REFERENCES
Smith, George 1862 History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania, From the Discovery of the Territory Included Within Its Limits to the Present Time. Henry B. Ashmead, Philadelphia. Smith, George 1862 Map of the Early Settlements of Delaware County, History of Delaware County Henry B. Ashmead, Philadelphia. Strickland, W. and B.H. Latrobe 1853 Map of the Philadelphia & Baltimore Rail Road. https://www.loc.gov/ item/74692596/. Townsend, Alex H. 1983 Phase I Archeological Survey of Linwood Municipal Park, Lower Chichester Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania. Underwriter’s Map Association 1918 Marcus Hook. Underwriter’s Map Association, New York. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) 1937 Aerial photograph. Reproduced from EDR Aerial Photo Decade Package, July 2017. Wiley, Samuel T. 1894 Biographical and Historical Cyclopedia of Delaware County, Pennsylvania. Gresham Publishing Co., Richmond, IN and New York.
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey 60 1 APPENDICES
APPENDIX A Pennsylvania Historic Preservation Office Correspondence ER 2017-2210-042-C September 14, 2018
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey
September 14, 2018
NV5, LLC Attn: Sara Holmes, Environmental Scientist 813 North Dupont Street Wilmington, DE 19805
Re: ER 2017-2210-042-C – FERC: Adelphia Gateway Project (formerly IEC Pipeline Modification Project), Northampton, Bucks, Montgomery, Chester and Delaware Counties
Dear Ms. Holmes:
Thank you for submitting information concerning the above referenced project. The Pennsylvania State Historic Preservation Office (PA SHPO) reviews projects in accordance with state and federal laws. Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, and the implementing regulations (36 CFR Part 800) of the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, is the primary federal legislation. The Environmental Rights amendment, Article 1, Section 27 of the Pennsylvania Constitution and the Pennsylvania History Code, 37 Pa. Cons. Stat. Section 500 et seq. (1988) is the primary state legislation. These laws include consideration of the project's potential effects on both historic and archaeological resources.
Historic (Above Ground) Resources We offer the following comments with regards to the proposed project modifications in the following areas that have the potential to affect above ground historic properties:
Parkway Lateral- The Lawn Croft Cemetery (Key No. 016773) was determined Not Eligible in January 2018; therefore, no above ground properties will be affected by the proposed project.
Skippack Interconnect Site- Since the project has been revised in this location to exclude any above ground components, it is our opinion that this proposed project will have No Effect on above ground historic properties.
Pickering Creek Blowdown Assembly- The proposed project in this location is limited to replacement of an existing valve inclusive of any necessary replanting of existing tree and vegetative screening. Therefore, the proposed project will have No Effect on above ground historic properties.
Archaeological Resources
Skippack Interconnect – We agree with the recommendation that no archaeological testing is necessary provided there are no subsurface impacts outside of the existing pipeline trench. We also agree that if the project changes to include excavation in previously undisturbed locations, the need for archaeological testing should be re-evaluated.
Quakertown Compressor Station- We agree with the recommendation that no archaeological testing is necessary.
Commonwealth Keystone Building | 400 North Street | 2nd Floor | Harrisburg, PA 17120 | 717.783.8947
Page Two Ms. Holmes, ER 2017-2210-042-C September 14, 2018
Tilghman Lateral
1. M.P. 0.3, Transco Meter Station – Goodlley/Allen Farm and Spring Site – The submitted information indicates that Phase I archaeological survey is currently underway. The Phase I report must be submitted electronically to our office via CRGIS. If you need further information on the electronic submittal process, please contact Hannah Harvey at [email protected] or (717) 346-0616.
2. M.P. 1.8 to M.P. 2.0, Crossing of Marcus Hook/Chichester Creek – We agree with the recommendation that no archaeological testing is necessary for the Horizontal Directional Drilling entry point or the Temporary Work Space.
3. M.P. 2.2 to M.P. 2.9, Crossing of Stony Run – We agree with the recommendation for Phase I archaeological testing in the area between M.P. 2.35 and 2.45 and the associated Temporary Work Space. For the pipeline alignment in the parking lot/access roadway adjacent to Stony Run, we agree with the recommendation for a geomorphological assessment in this area. The submitted information indicates that access to this area will not be granted by the property owner. In our opinion, the geomorphological assessment and subsequent Phase I archaeological testing, if warranted, should be conducted once the pipeline right-of-way has been acquired and prior to construction. We agree with the recommendation for Phase I archaeological testing for the approximately 250-foot long stretch of the pipeline alignment situated on the east side of Stony Run. We also agree with the recommendation for Phase I archaeological testing in the area of M.P. 2.85 to M.P. 2.9 and the associated Temporary Work Space and the proposed Horizontal Directional Drilling point at M.P. 2.9.
4. M.P. 3.15, Crossing of Unnamed Stream – Based on the submitted information, it is our opinion that no archaeological testing is necessary.
5. M.P. 3.55 and M.P. 3.7, Crossing of Harwick Run and Tributary – Based on the submitted information, it is our opinion that no archaeological testing is necessary.
6. M.P. 4.3 to M.P. 4.4, Adjacent to Lamokin Creek – We agree with the recommendation that no archaeological testing is necessary.
Blowdown Assembly and MLV Sites
1. Main Line Valve 1, Concord, Delaware County – We agree with the recommendation that no archaeological testing is necessary.
2. Chester Creek Assembly, Thornbury Township, Delaware County – We agree with the recommendation that no archaeological testing is necessary provided that ground disturbing activity is confined to the existing pipe trench. If new ground disturbing activity is required beyond the width and depth of the existing pipe trench, then we
Page Three Ms. Holmes, ER 2017-2210-042-C September 14, 2018
agree with the recommendation for Phase I archaeological testing. We also agree that no archaeological testing is necessary for the existing access road.
3. Paoli Pike Assembly, East Goshen, Chester County – We agree with the recommendation that no archaeological testing is necessary.
4. Main Line Valve 2, East Whiteland, Chester County – We agree with the recommendation that no archaeological testing is necessary provided that ground disturbing activity is confined to the existing pipe trench. If new ground disturbance is required beyond the width and depth of the existing pipe trench, then we agree with the recommendation for Phase I archaeological testing in the areas to be impacted, including the portion of the access road located immediately south of the valve site.
5. Pickering Creek Blowdown Assembly, Charlestown, Chester County – The submitted information indicates that installation of the blowdown assembly will occur within the existing pipe and valve trench. Based on this, we agree with the recommendation that no archaeological testing is necessary. If the associated access road cannot be protected by matting to ensure there are no below-grade disturbances, then we agree with the recommendation for Phase I archaeological testing in the area of the proposed access road that is located within 300 feet of Pickering Creek.
6. French Creek Blowdown Assembly, East Pikeland, Chester County – We agree with the recommendation that no archaeological testing is necessary for the proposed Blowdown Assembly location, Temporary Work Spaces and access road provided that ground disturbing activity is confined to the existing pipe/valve trench. If new ground disturbance is required beyond the width and depth of the existing trench, then we agree with the recommendation for Phase I archaeological testing for areas to be impacted that are located within 300 feet of French Creek.
7. Cromby Station Blowdown Assembly, East Pikeland, Chester County – We agree with the recommendation that no archaeological testing is necessary.
8. Schuylkill River Blowdown Assembly, East Pikeland, Chester County – We agree with the recommendation that no archaeological testing is necessary for the location of the Blowdown Assembly. For the proposed access road, we agree with the recommendation that no archaeological testing is necessary provided that ground disturbing activity is confined to the area of the existing pipe trench or if the access road will be matted. If new ground disturbance is required beyond the width and depth of the existing trench, then we agree with the recommendation for Phase I archaeological testing for the alignment of the access road.
9. Perkiomen Creek Blowdown Assembly, Perkiomen, Montgomery County – We agree with the recommendation that no archaeological testing is necessary.
Page Four Ms. Holmes, ER 2017-2210-042-C September 14, 2018
10. East Branch Perkiomen Creek Blowdown Assembly, Skippack Township, Montgomery County – We agree with the recommendation that no archaeological testing is necessary for the proposed Blowdown location and Temporary Work Spaces provided that ground disturbing activity is confined to the existing pipe/valve trench. If new ground disturbance is required beyond the width and depth of the existing trench, then we agree with the recommendation for Phase I archaeological testing. We also agree that no archaeological testing is necessary in the area of the existing access road.
If you need further information concerning above ground resources, please contact Emma Diehl at [email protected] or (717) 787-9121. If you need further information concerning archaeological resources, please contact Mark Shaffer at [email protected] or (717) 783- 9900.
Sincerely,
Douglas C. McLearen, Chief Division of Environmental Review
Jean Howson
From: Shaffer, Mark (PHMC)
Categories: Cultural
Hi Jean – I agree with the approach you are suggesting. Thanks.
Mark
From: Jean Howson
Hello Mark,
I am going over the comments in the September 14 letter from McLearen to Holmes (NV5) about the Adelphia Gateway Project, and have a question regarding archaeological studies for the Tilghman Lateral (see Page 2, Item 3).
We had planned to conduct shovel testing in the areas near Stony Run that are accessible and unpaved. The paved area, to which the owner will not provide access, is also considered to have potential sensitivity, and there we would need to excavate archaeological test trenches with a backhoe. Since we’d be using a backhoe anyway, we thought that would be a good location to have a geomorphologist on site simultaneously.
Your recommendation was to have a geomorphologist assess that paved area (and, if warranted, do the Phase I) following property acquisition. In the interest of getting as much information as possible as soon as possible, we would like to have a geomorphologist assess the whole Stony Run portion of the project area by examining the unpaved locations within the project APE; examining adjacent areas such as the stream bed; examining soils in our shovel tests; and if they think it necessary, putting in one or more deep tests in the unpaved areas we’ve targeted.
Do you feel such an assessment would provide sufficient information to determine whether or not archaeological testing is warranted in the paved area? Or, at least, would it be adequate to make a decision as to whether soil borings rather than test trenches could be used for geomorphological evaluation of the paved area?
Please contact me about this at your convenience ‐ thank you for your continuing assistance.
Jean
Jean Howson | Cultural Resources Specialist | NV5 7 Campus Drive, Suite 300 | Parsippany, NJ 07054 | P: 973.946.5651 | F: 973.984.5421
1 1 APPENDICES
APPENDIX B Phase IA Geomorphology Report Rue Environmental, LLC
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey PHASE 1A GEOMORPHOLOGY REPORT
ADELPHIA GATEWAY PROJECT PROPOSED TILGHMAN LATERAL PIPELINE
DELAWARE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
Prepared for:
NV5 7 Campus Drive Suite 300 Parsipanny, NJ 07054
Prepared by: Jacob Spuck
811 Cricklewood Drive State College, PA 16803
December 2018
0 PHASE 1A GEOMORPHOLOGY REPORT
ADELPHIA GATEWAY PROJECT PROPOSED TILGHMAN LATERAL PIPELINE DELAWARE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE NO.
1.0 INTRODUCTION ...... 1 - 6 1.1 Locations and Description of the Geomorphological APE...….. 1-3 1.2 Locations and Description of Pipeline and Engineering Design 3-4 1.3 Purpose of Investigation ...... 4-5 1.4 Scope of Investigation...... 5-6 2.0 PERTINENT BACKGROUND INFORMATION ...... 6-13 2.1 Physiography...... 6-7 2.2 Climate ...... 8 2.3 Drainage and Hydrology ………...... 8-10 2.4 Quaternary History and Fluvial Geomorphology ………. ... 10-12 2.5 Soils of the Geomorphological APE ………...... 12-13 2.6 Paleotopography and Historic Map Review ...... 13 3.0 RESULTS ...... 13-18 4.0 SUMMARY ...... 18-19
FIGURE 1 – PROJECT LOCATION AERIALS FIGURE 2 – PROJECT MODERN-DAY TOPOGRAPHIC MAP FIGURE 3 – SLOPE MAP FIGURE 4 – LiDAR HILLSHADE MAP FIGURE 5 – GEOLOGIC AND ELEVATION CROSS-SECTIONS FIGURE 6 – GUAGING STATION DATA FIGURE 7 – SOILS MAP FIGURE 8 – HISTORIC STREAM CHANNEL MAP FIGURE 9 –FLOODPLAIN MAP FIGURE 10 –1860’s HISTORIC MAP FIGURE 11 –1894 HISTORIC MAP FIGURE 12 –1937 HISTORIC AERIAL FIGURE 13 –1941 HISTORIC MAP FIGURE 14 –LANDFORMS MAP
PHOTOS 1 - 10
1 1.0 Introduction
1.1 Locations and Description of Geomorphologic APE The proposed project involves the construction of a 16” lateral pipeline in Delaware County, Pennsylvania. The pipeline alignment has a width of 30’. The project also includes Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) entry and exit points; Temporary Workspace (TWS); and Additional Temporary Work Space (ATWS) (Figure 1a). A geomorphological investigation was conducted specifically in the Borough of Trainer. The Geomorphological Area of Potential Effects (APE) extends from around the Langley Street and Ridge Road intersection approximately 2,500 ft south to around the Price Street and Tuttle Street intersection in the Borough of Trainer, PA (Figures 1a and 1b).
The APE for the purpose of Geomorphologic Investigations includes three separate areas which are represented in Figures 1a and 1b. For the purpose of more detailed discussion, the three separate project areas and their locations are described in greater depth below.
Stoney Run Area M.P. 2.35-2.45 The Stoney Run Area M.P. 2.35-2.45 is the northernmost part of the APE as shown in Figures 1a and 1b. The Stoney Run Area M.P. 2.35-2.45 area is located about 700 feet south of the Langley Street and Ridge Road Boulevard intersection and continues south to about 1000 feet in distance from that same intersection. This area is located on a grassy and partially forested low T2 terrace associated with the Delaware River. The northern and central part of this area has an average slope between 0-2 percent. The far southern part of the area is much steeper, likely as a result of the railroad, and in some places slopes are in excess of 40 percent (Figure 3). A very small unnamed stream channel has also been channelized just to the south, although water within this channel appears to be seasonal.
Stoney Run Area M.P. 2.75 The Stoney Run Area M.P. 2.75 represents the middle section of the APE as shown in Figures 1a and 1b. The Stoney Run Area M.P. 2.75 area is located about 60 feet west of the Price Street and W 3rd Street intersection and continues west for about 308 feet in distance from that same intersection. This area is located on a paved and lightly vegetated low T1 terrace associated with the Delaware River. Today, the main use of the area is a salvage yard. The area has an average slope between 0-5 percent (Figure 3).
1 Stoney Run Area M.P. 2.85-2.9 The Stoney Run Area M.P 2.85-2.9 represents the southern section of the APE as shown in Figures 1a and 1b. The Stoney Run Area M.P. 2.85-2.9 area is located about 136 feet west of the Price Street and Tuttle Street intersection and continues west to about 193 feet in distance from that same intersection. This area is located on a paved and lightly vegetated low T1 terrace associated with the Delaware River. Today, several pipelines run through the area, and wetlands are located just outside of this part of the APE. The area has an average slope between 0-5 percent (Figure 3).
1.2 Locations and Description of Pipeline and Engineering Design The portion of the Tilghman Lateral between approximate MP 2.4 and MP 2.9 would be installed using both the HDD and traditional lay methods (Figures 1a and 1b). It would be installed via HDD from MP 2.4 to approximate MP 2.7 (about 990 linear feet). The HDD would be installed to a maximum depth of approximately 30 feet. Approximately 103,650 square feet of TWS would be required for HDD activities between MP 2.4 and 2.9. The TWS would be required for HDD equipment, pipe staging, welding, coating, pre-testing and pullback. The pipe would be installed using traditional trenching methods between approximate MP 2.7 and 2.9. During construction, the trench would be approximately 7 feet deep and 4 feet wide. Once the pipe is installed, the trench would be backfilled with the same material that was excavated from the trench. Approximately 44,030 sq feet of TWS would be required for traditional installation of the pipe between MP 2.7 and 2.9. The TWS is required for trenching, topsoil, trench spoil, equipment, travel lane, pipe staging, welding, and coating. The proposed Tilghman Lateral leaves Ridge Road at MP 2.24 at a 90-degree angle, then proceeds in a trench and turns two more times at 90-degree angles. The pipeline crosses an existing Transco pipeline at MP 2.41. Just after that crossing is proposed HDD entry #5 at MP 2.43, from which the alignment then runs beneath the Norfolk Southern/SEPTA railroad tracks (historically the Philadelphia, Wilmington & Baltimore Railroad, Key # 111801) to the exit point at MP 2.61. The proposed Tilghman Lateral crosses a present-day paved parking area on Monroe property (MP 2.6 to 2.7) along the west side of Stony Run. A wide ATWS lies along the east side of the pipeline alignment here. This location was originally deemed sensitive and was targeted for machine- assisted geomorphological and archaeological testing. The proposed alignment crosses Stony Run and existing Transco pipelines that parallel the east side of the creek at MP 2.72. The alignment proceeds eastward to Price Street across a
2 graveled vehicle parking/storage area on property parcel #46-04-333:000. New subsurface impacts are anticipated between MP 2.75 and 2.8 within the 30’-wide pipe trench alignment and a narrow TWS along its south side. The proposed trench alignment runs briefly along the west side of Price Street and then crosses through a landscaped area enclosed by a chain link fence belonging to Trainer Industries on parcel # 16-04-336:000. Existing pipelines cross this area approximately at the fence line. From this point the proposed Tilghman Lateral turns eastward to HDD entry #7, from which it proceeds along the south side of Second Street (State Highway 291). New subsurface impacts are anticipated in an area that appears to have seen limited prior disturbance from MP 8.5 to MP 9 within the 30’- wide pipe trench alignment, the TWS along either side of the trench, and a large ATWS near the HDD opening. Pipeline centerline, HDD entry and exit points and Temporary Work Spaces can be seen in Figure 1a.
1.3 Purpose of Investigation Geomorphology is the science of landforms and the study of the processes that form these landscape features. Understanding the local landscape is integral to understanding why a settlement site may or may not have been chosen, how the environment shaped the continued development of an area, as well as the subsequent preservation or destruction of a site. Particularly in urban contexts, geomorphological history can be complex due to both natural processes as well as the changes to the landscape by anthropogenic activity (Barthrellos 2007). In Delaware County, many landforms that remained relatively stable for hundreds or even thousands of years were transformed almost immediately after Europeans moved into the area in the mid-1600s. The Delaware River front, currently to the east and south of the project area, has experienced massive changes over the past several hundred years. “Wharf construction and other early engineering techniques of the seventeenth through nineteenth centuries created new land from the river” (Weber 2006: 1). Because of this, those areas in Delaware County closer to the Delaware River are perhaps the most altered landforms within the limits of the County. Geomorphological testing was conducted at the pipeline location to determine if intact soils were located below fill. The area surrounding the APE consists entirely of lower terraces, much of which are within the 100 year floodplain. The project area is topographically situated on moderately sloping concave-linear terrain northwest of the Delaware River (Figures 3 and 4). The majority of the surface area is covered in coarse, loose fill built up steeply along the margins of the major road, railways and industrial infrastructure. The terrain of the project
3 area is provided on LiDAR 2 Foot Contour mapping in (Figure 4). A summary of the objectives of each stage of geomorphological study are discussed below:
1) Does the integrity of pre-contact landforms remain in any areas? And if so, how old are these landforms? 2) To what extent has erosion and deposition, in addition to anthropogenic changes, played a role in the alteration of landforms? 3) Where does the highest potential for buried, intact soil horizons exist? 4) Determine the depths to which testing should extend to ensure recovery of any and all potentially significant cultural resources.
1.4 Scope of investigation
This geomorphological investigation was performed by Jacob C. Spuck, a Geomorphologist and Archaeologist at Rue Environmental. The Rue Environmental background geomorphology literature investigation included a review of both general and specific references on the bedrock geology, quaternary geology and previous work conducted within the general project area. In addition, topographic maps (both modern and historic), geologic maps, soils survey maps and reports, boring log data and hydrologic information were reviewed. Field investigations were initiated on December 1, 2018 and concluded on December 2, 2018. The first task of the review was a property walkover with NV5 staff which provided the opportunity to view the topography of the area as well as to get a sense of the amount of historical disturbance to the area. The second task involved a pedestrian surface reconnaissance of the project area. Geotechnical borings were also placed where appropriate using a 2.5 inch diameter drilling core in order to determine subsurface conditions. Borings were excavated vertically in 4 foot intervals. In total, six boreholes were placed in the Project area (four in the Stoney Run Area M.P 2.85-2.9 site and two in the Stoney Run Area M.P 2.85-2.9 site). Boreholes were not placed in the Stoney Run Area M.P. 2.35-2.45 site due to access issues, however deep testing in the form of STP excavation was conducted. Throughout the APE, there is concern that the historic fill events or even historical flood events could have preserved a paleosol in this area with potential for archaeological preservation. In order to assess the potential for paleosols, Sediment samples were also examined by the geoarchaeologist and each borehole probe was mapped in the field and described using standard soil nomenclature (NRCS, 1970). Sediment grain-size analysis was also conducted by Rue Environmental by using mechanical sieving. Results for this testing are also
4 reported in Tables 1a and 1b.
2.0 Pertinent Background Information
2.1 Physiography The project area is located in the Coastal Plain which is comprised of sediments that were deposited during the last 75 million years (Bascom et al. 1909: 2). This province is characterized by geologic materials composed of variously textured, unconsolidated deposits that vary widely in age and were derived primarily from fluvial or estuarine forms of sedimentation. Confined to the southeastern corner of the State, the Coastal Plain is distributed as a narrow belt aligned generally parallel to the Delaware River and typically extending to distances of no more than about 2 to 9 miles from the river. The predominant geologic materials range from mostly clayey deposits of Lower Cretaceous age that form the western uplands of the Coastal Plain to more variably textured sediments of Quaternary age closer to the river. Geologic maps describe the sediments within the Study Area as “Trenton Gravel”, unconsolidated alluvial sediments ranging from clay to gravel, dating to the recent Quaternary period, specifically during the Pleistocene. These relatively recent alluvial sediments overlay a much older basement of metamorphosed bedrock that extends into the Piedmont (Berg, et al. 1980; Lewis 1881: 296-309). Trenton gravel is typically a good transition indicator from the Holocene to the earlier Pleistocene and can be found buried under Philadelphia and within the entirety of the project area at varying elevations. This gravel is typically reddish-brown or yellowish- brown gravelly sand interbedded with other silts and to a lesser extent clays. Trenton gravel can be 50 feet thick in some areas and exceed elevations of 25 feet above the floodplain in many terrace locations within Chester County and nearby along the Delaware River. The Delaware River also shifted greatly throughout the Pleistocene. Evidence of the old Pleistocene River channel in the form of sandy lateral accretion deposits exists as much as 70 feet below the surface near present-day 6th Street and Market Street near downtown Philadelphia (Paulachok 1991: 16-18).
The project area is approximately 150 miles south of any Pleistocene glaciation that would have occurred in Pennsylvania as recently as 20,000 years ago. The lower Delaware River, although never directly glaciated, was still significantly affected by its proximity to glaciations such as the Wisconsin glacial advance. With the full retreat of the Laurnetide ice sheet, approximately 15,000 B.P., sea level began to rise very rapidly; the shoreline which was approximately 60 miles east of its present position began to move inland. The stream channels within the project area would have transitioned from established channels to braided chaotic channels as meltwater and sediment influx
5 changed the hydrodynamics of the region (Sevon, et al. 1999: 13-27). The early Holocene was also a time of rapid alluvial aggradation as stream channels adjusted to changing base levels due to eustatic sea level rise; the lower Delaware River was particularly affected as flood dynamics changed with a higher sea level elevation and tidal floods due to storm surges (Vento and Stahlman 2008: 12-14). The climate, vegetation, and landscape during this time would have been completely different from what is seen in the area today. The entire project area and the surrounding environment 10,000 years ago would have been open boreal woodland dominated by coniferous trees, very similar to that which is seen in central Canada today (Delcourt and Delcourt 1981:126).
Erosional terraces and high sandy bluffs would have also been created along the Delaware River in Montgomery and Delaware County during the middle of the Holocene (Vento and Stahlman 2007: 1-10). As a result of a warming climate throughout much of the Holocene, metamorphic and sedimentary bedrock became buried under sandy gravel coastal plain sediment due to the introduction of mass quantities of glacial meltwater outwash.
As the Holocene progressed and eustatic sea level rise slowed and water courses stabilized, lateral accretion would have increased along stream channels. This would have created sandy point bars in central and southern Philadelphia, such as the one William Penn first encountered when he landed there in the 1680s. Most laterally accreted deposits in rivers are sand-dominated and exhibit upward-fining and cross-bedding structures indicative of decreasing flow velocities over time. Although halted significantly by engineering controls, lateral accretion and tidal mud deposition still takes place around the project area today, despite much of the rest of the Delaware basin being dominated by vertical accretion (Thornbush 2001: 4).
The Delaware River has not only been transformed historically by the infilling of the river front, but its depth has also been anthropogenically altered. During early history, the Delaware River was considered a moderately shallow channel that could be difficult to navigate. Dredging or the removal of valley bottom material over the previous few centuries has deepened the river from under 10 feet to its modern-day depth of over 40 feet near the project area. With the deepening of the Delaware River, the stream channel became narrower and as a result the Delaware River can be prone to intense flooding at times.
2.2 Climate
The climate of Delaware County is continental and humid. It is affected by warm air masses that originate in the Gulf of Mexico, mild dry air masses that originate in the western United States
6 and cold dry air masses that originate in Canada. In the winter the average temperature is around 29 degrees F, and the average daily minimum temperature is 19 degrees F. The lowest temperature on record is -22 degrees F, which occurred on January 30, 1963. In summer the average temperature is 68 degrees, and the average daily maximum temperature is around 81 degrees F. The highest recorded temperature occurred on July 22, 2011 at 104 degrees F.
Of the total annual precipitation 23 inches (55 percent) usually falls in April through September, which includes the growing season for most crops grown in the region. The heaviest one-day rainfall occurred in July, 2013 with 7.99 inches of rainfall in a single day. Thunderstorms occur on average about 35 days each year, and most occur during the summer months.
Average seasonal snowfall is 66 inches. The greatest snow depth during historic record was 24 inches. On an average of 34 days, at least one-inch of snow is on the ground. The number of such days varies greatly from year to year. The average relative humidity in midafternoon is about 60 percent. Humidity in Delaware County is higher at night, and the average at dawn is about 80 percent. The sun shines approximately 60 percent of the time in summer and 35 percent of the time in winter. The prevailing wind is from the southwest. Average wind speed is around 11 miles per hour in winter.
2.3 Drainage and Hydrology
Drainage throughout Delaware County was primarily to the south and east towards the Delaware River. During the Pleistocene epoch, the upper Delaware took its present form with most recent glaciation cutting the valley to a depth of 150 to 249 feet below the present surface (Walker and Driskell 2007). During deglaciation, much of the downcut area was filled with glacial outwash which extended all the way south to Philadelphia, where in some places over 40 feet on Late Pleistocene glacial outwash is present today. Although glacial ice never reached the southern stretches of the Delaware River, meltwater associated with the retreat of the glaciers has buried much of the river beds and low-order terraces in several feet of glacial outwash. Numerous archaeological sites sit on top of thick layers of glacial outwash along the Delaware River, including sites like the Shawnee-Minisink Paleoindian site of the central stretch of the Delaware River which sits over 14-17 feet of glacial outwash gravels. The early Holocene was a time of aggradation as stream channels adjusted to lower base levels. Rapid aggradation would have occurred (Vento and Stahlman 2008). Over the past several thousand years, the Delaware River has been in a state of recovery eventually reaching a period of stabilization that it
7 is still in today. Until about the middle of the Holocene the Delaware River would have been a mostly freshwater system considerably more distant from brackish seawater, and not until the Woodland and perhaps Late Archaic periods would inhabitants have known the location as a comparatively near shoreline, tidal setting. Stream channels near the project area would have been utilized by Native American populations for resources and transportation purposes, as their settlement in the area is documented historically and archaeologically. When Europeans first saw the land, and later Penn’s colonists came in to the area, the landscape was a continuous growth of primeval forest near Philadelphia, except where swamp and marsh and the daily flow of the tide prevented the trees from growing (Scharf and Westcott 1884: 129) to the south and west of the city. The Study Area would have proved difficult for long-term settlement due to poor drainage, but the abundance of animals that lived in this ecosystem would have made it a good hunting ground for both Native American and historic-period populations. The Delaware stream channel is located 1,340 feet south of the Stony Run 2.85-29 APE. The channel is located about 3,500 feet south of the Stoney Run 2.35-2.45 APE. Today, The Delaware River, in the Delaware County area, can be categorized as C and F category river channel using the Rosgen Stream classification. These channels typically have low to moderate energy, high bank erosion, and a slope that falls under 2%. In addition, they are typically unstable and affected by lateral incision. Finally, they have very high sediment supply that can be very mixed in particle size (Rosgen, 1994: 194), but tend to be smaller in size near the APE. In general, the steeper the gradient of the channel, the larger the diameter of sediment load. On average, approximately 1.4 million metric tons of suspended (small-particle) sediment and an additional 0.2 tons of bedload (large- particle) enters the Delaware every year. There is a very evident transition from sand-gravel sediment load to mud between Philadelphia, where discharge is greater, and Delaware County where slower discharge creates a depositional environment (Mansue and Commings, 1974: H11). These streams are moderately entrenched with fairly stable banks. They have fairly narrow and gentle to moderate sloping valleys. The Delaware has apparently also been rejuvenated by considerable uplift also occurring throughout its history, which did not affect the Schuylkill River to the east and which has given the advantage of gradient to the tributaries of the Delaware working under conditions otherwise common to the two basins (Bascom, 1931). Presently, annual variations in flows/discharges in stream and river channels can vary widely, with periods of high flow typically occurring during the late winter and early spring as a result of snowmelt. USGS Gauge 01477000 on the Chester Creek is located approximately 2.5 miles
8 northeast of the APE upstream and has been recording stream data since the 1930’s (USGS 2018) (Figure 6). The highest discharge ever recorded at this location was in September 13, 1971 when extreme rainfall increased discharge to around 21,000 cubic feet per second (c.f.s) in a matter of days. This is about 25 times greater than the all-time yearly discharge average. Photos of the magnitude from this flood can be seen on a low terrace of similar elevation above the stream channel to the APE (Photo 10). The closest stream channel to the APE is Stoney Creek (historically Stoney Run), a perennial stream channel located west of the Stoney Run Area M.P. 2.75 and Stoney Run Area M.P 2.85-2.9 parts of the APE. The stream channel gets partially choked off north near the The Stoney Run Area M.P. 2.35-2.45 section near where it once flowed. This stream channel has been noticeably channelized as a result of urbanization. Figure 4 shows the effects of channelization and scouring of the stream channel, while Figure 8 shows how the stream channel has laterally migrated over the previous 125 years. Based on historical map reviews and elevation models, it is clear that the stream channel would have been low enough in elevation and gradient to be influenced by tidal effects associated with the Delaware River and Fluvio-Deltaic deposits from sediment transported from higher elevations as Stoney Creek began to empty into the Delaware River near the APE. T1 Holocene-aged outwash terraces associated with the Delaware River are present within the APE. In most cases these have fairly thick layers of young stratified alluvial channel material and are underlain by mud with very deeply buried Trenton gravels and sands related to the end of the Pleistocene below this (Vento and Stahlman 2007:1-10). Many of these terraces are still part of the active 100 year floodplain (Figure 9). In Philadelphia, coastal plain sediment from alluvial deposits has a maximum thickness of 280 feet. (Paulachok 1991: 16-18).
2.4 Quaternary Conditions and Geomorphology From approximately 11,800 to 10,800 Before Present (B.P.) temperatures rose by about four degrees worldwide (Bousman and Vierra 2012). Temperature rises began to slow approximately 10,000 years ago. Eastern North America, in particular, transitioned from a cool, boreal environment of the Pleistocene to one dominated by a mixed mesophytic forest, very similar to what is seen today. Extinction of megafauna from North America occurred around 12,000 to 10,000 years B.P. Various models have been proposed to explain this event, and these generally fall into two categories: those favoring environmental change and those favoring human predation as the primary causal factor (Krech 1999). In general, the Delaware River had stabilized in its present channel sometime between 10000 B.P. and 8000 B.P,
9 During the early Holocene, the driving mechanism for prolonged changes in the fluvial regime in the northeast was the ablation of the Laurentian ice sheet and changes in atmospheric circulation. For example, from 10,000 years B.P. to 6,000 yrs. B.P., the Holocene was dominated by strong zonal flow, which favored relatively slow, continuous, vertical accretion deposits along the major drainage lines in the region. Lateral movement of the Delaware River in the Holocene may have begun as early as 7,000 years ago burying many of these same areas in deep alluvium (Vento and Stahlman, 2007). The movement of the Delaware River channel during this time may have destroyed a number of Paleo-Indian and Early Archaic Sites (Stewart, 1992). At this time increases in hurricanes and cyclonic storms created from changing weather patterns resulted in heavy sand deposits. The period between 4,500/4,200 yrs. B.P. to 3,000 B.P was marked by episodes of erosion and deposition which can be attributed to atmospherically induced changes in climate. The typically thick, cambic B-horizons and/or C horizons of the Sub-Boreal from about 5,000 to 2,750 years B.P. were likely emplaced during warm and dry conditions. These conditions reduced vegetative cover, increased surface runoff and again promoted vertical accretion. On the lower order streams, these conditions resulted in more active lateral channel migration (Vento and Spuck 2012). According to Kraft (1985), between 8,000 - 4,000 yrs. B.P. sea level rose at a rate of approximately 0.4 cm per century in the Mid-Atlantic. During the Sub-Boreal period when climates began to cool slightly across eastern North America (Gajewski 1988), the result was an increase in red spruce at upland sites such as Tannersville Bog and Cranberry Glades 68 kilometers (42 miles) southwest of the project area. The slight cooling also resulted in a lowered base level. In response to a lowered base level, streams like Calkins Creek just to the north of the project area would have rapidly downcut (through temporary base level adjustment) to keep pace with the lower base level of Delaware River (Vento and Stahlman 2008). This transition effectively marked the end of the middle Holocene hypsithermal warm episode (Davis, 1983). Prior to this period, most slope erosion was a result of increased thunderstorm activity due to fluctuating temperatures. Increases in charcoal are noted in pollen diagrams across eastern North America during the late Holocene (Davis, 1983). Approximately 3,000 years ago much of the east coast and its tributaries took on the characteristics that we see in modern times. Increase in flood depositions during the mid-Holocene, generally 4,200 BC to 800 BC can be found in the Delaware Valley. Small villages began to develop in riverine oriented areas. Thousands of net sinkers have been uncovered throughout the Delaware Valley indicating periods of heavy settlement (Parrington, 1988). According to Davis (1983: 179) at about 2,000 yrs B.P. boreal elements of floral and faunal communities began to
10 increase, which appears suggestive of the onset of cooler climatic conditions. Mid-Holocene flood plain accretion along the Delaware River equates with erosion and scouring in the valleys of small tributary streams. In nearby areas between 4,000 to 2,200 years ago, charcoal flecking increases in sediments, likely due to increased fire disturbance related to human modification of the landscape for agriculture. During the late Holocene, larger communities would have emerged in the Delaware Valley and began to modify landscapes for agriculture. Sea level rise has occurred at a rate of approximately 15cm per century for the last 2,000 years (Kraft 1985), which would have greatly increased the amount of deposition occurring around the APE in the late Holocene. In the last 800 years alone sea level has risen 2-3 feet. Younger Holocene terrace landscapes may have long since been destroyed or inundated by the Holocene marine transgression that has produced the existing broad tidal estuary environments within the APE (Wagner 2012)
2.5 Soils
Southeastern Pennsylvania relies heavily on land resources such as mining and agriculture, and has a unique variety of soil conditions. The APE is located in an urban area, and therefore as a result of urbanization and transportation projects (ie., railway and road), the integrity of much of the natural soils have been destroyed.
The only soils mapped within the project area are classified as Made land, gravelly materials (Ma) (Figure 7) (USDA 2018). Ma soils are considered well-drained and depth to restrictive features typically ranges from 20-99 inches. Anthropogenic influences are undoubtedly the biggest issue within and surrounding the project area. As a result of disturbances, many of the soils mapped surrounding the APE would be more accurately classified as Urban/Fill. Based on historic research, it is likely that historic fill has been placed in the APE and other nearby areas for at least the last two centuries. Due to the variation and lack of specific detail of Ma soils, a much more in-depth discussion of project soils will take place in the following Results section (Section 3.0).
2.6 Paleotopography and Historic Map Review Initial LiDAR and other elevation mapping indicated that the project area is situated entirely on a Holocene-aged T1 and T2 terrace with irregular topography as a result of construction (Figures 2-5). Historical maps were also reviewed in order to adequately assess levels of
11 disturbance, and pre-urbanization landforms. The earliest map reviewed from the 1860s (Figure 10) (Smith, 1862) shows a mostly undeveloped project area. Stream channels in the 1860s maps show low-gradient channels that were likely prone to lateral accretion. Several stream channels are located in close proximity to eachother, and were likely hydrologically connected through wetlands and movement of groundwater as a result of a high water table. At this time, no roads are mapped within the APE. One structure exists slightly east of the southern portion of the APE. By 1894 (Figure 11) the Delaware River had encroached farther toward the APE. Tidal flats and wetlands are mapped in very close proximity to the southern portion of the APE. Rapid development is shown in all portions of the APE, with heavy road construction occurring in the southern part and railroad construction occurring in the northern part. The railroad construction appears to cut off much of the stream channels’ northern extents. The 1937 Aerial (Figure 12) (Penn Pilot 2018) and 1941 Topographic Map (Figure 13) (USGS 1941) show development and industrial areas surrounding the entirety of the APE. In the 1937 aerial and 1941 historic topo the Stoney Creek stream channel appears channelized likely as a result of urbanization. Figure 8 shows the migration of the channel over the past 125 years as urbanization occurred.
3.0 Results
During the field studies, a total of six geotechnical boreholes and five STPs were placed strategically throughout the APE. In particular Stoney Run Area M.P. 2.75 and Stoney Run Area M.P. 2.85-2.9 were selected for geotechnical boreholes due to their location and property access. Stoney Run Area M.P. 2.35-2.45 was tested by utilization of one meter deep STPs which were then augured at the bottom.
Stoney Run Area M.P. 2.35-2.45 Results The northern location, at M.P. 2.35 to 2.45, was not accessible for the mechanical coring, and therefore, this location was investigated by NV5 archaeologists and reviewed by a Geomorphologist at Rue Environmental. In total five deep STPs were excavated in the Stoney Run Area M.P. 2.35-2.45 area. Several utility lines marked in the area greatly limited the options for testing (Photographs 7-9). Surface water was also located in some spots of the test area. The soils identified within the Stoney Run Area M.P. 2.35-2.45 area are mapped within the cross-section show in Figure 5a. The geotechnical borings, generally speaking, revealed a thin topsoil underlain by mostly
12 thick layers of clay loam historic fill. In some STPs, an additional redeposited topsoil commonly found in waterlogged areas was present below the fill strata. The disturbed soils located in the Stoney Run Area M.P. 2.35-2.45 area are also consistent with backswamp waterlogged soils that were likely present throughout the Late Holocene, but were likely moved and redeposited to this area from a nearby location likely associated with elevation grading. The coloration, texture, and organic matter of these sediments are indicative of a wetland or poorly drained environment. It is likely that the several pipelines and railroad infrastructure in very close proximity to this area have altered drainage and created waterlogged soils in this area. The poorly drained soils and rapid changes in environmental conditions would not be favorable to uncovering cultural resources. Therefore, no further testing in this area is recommended.
Stoney Run Area M.P. 2.75 Results In total five boreholes were attempted in the Stoney Run M.P. 2.75 area. Only four boreholes (boreholes 1-4) were able to penetrate the coarse fill and pavement associated with the modern-day parking lot (Photos 1-3). The soils identified within the Stoney Run Area M.P. 2.75 area are mapped within the cross-section show in in Figure 5b. The geotechnical borings, generally speaking, revealed mostly thick layers of fill (greater than 3 feet) mixed in with recent alluvial deposits. Below this were poorly drained heavily gleyed and depleted soil horizons commonly found in waterlogged areas. Borehole 1 revealed a coarse heavily mottled gritty sandy gravel fill with brick flecking and undecayed organic matter (F1). The presence of fly ash related to industrial practices was also noted. The fill horizon extended from 0- 48 inches below ground surface. Underlying this was a Grey clay loam Gley 8/N with heavy 7.5YR 4/4 reddish-brown iron concretions (Bg). The structure for this horizon was blocky to subangular, and the soils were partially saturated. Heavy manganese and charcoal flecking were also noted. This horizon extended to 79 inches below ground surface. Beneath this strata was a Grey Gley 8/N sandy clay loam with heavy 7.5YR 4/4 reddish-brown iron concretions (Cg). The structure for this horizon was blocky to platey, and the soils were partially saturated. Maganese nodules, partially decayed wood and charcoal flecking were also noted. The strata extended to 95 inches below ground surface where the water table was encountered. Borehole 2 revealed a coarse heavily mottled gritty sandy gravel fill with brick flecking and light undecayed organic matter (F1). The presence of fly ash related to industrial practices was also noted. The fill horizon extended from 0-42 inches below ground surface. Underlying this was a silt loam 10yr 4/2 mottled with Gley 8/N 7.5YR 4/4 reddish-brown iron concretions (Ag). The
13 structure for this horizon was blocky to subangular, and the soils were partially saturated. Heavy manganese and charcoal flecking were also noted. This horizon extended to 54 inches below ground surface. Underlying this was a Grey clay loam Gley 8/N with heavy 7.5YR 4/4 reddish- brown iron concretions (Bg). The structure for this horizon was blocky to subangular, and the soils were partially saturated. Heavy manganese and charcoal flecking were also noted. This horizon extended to 82 inches below ground surface. Beneath this strata was a Grey Gley 8/N sandy clay loam with heavy 7.5YR 4/4 reddish-brown iron concretions (Cg). The structure for this horizon was blocky to platey, and the soils were partially saturated. Maganese nodules, partially decayed wood and charcoal flecking were also noted. The strata extended to 102 inches below ground surface where the water table was encountered. Borehole 3 revealed a coarse heavily mottled gritty sandy gravel fill with brick flecking and undecayed organic matter (F1). The presence of fly ash related to industrial practices was also noted. The fill horizon extended from 0-40 inches below ground surface. Underlying this was a Grey clay loam Gley 8/N with heavy 7.5YR 4/4 reddish-brown iron concretions (Bg). The structure for this horizon was subangular, and the soils were partially saturated. Heavy manganese was also noted. This horizon extended to 64 inches below ground surface. Beneath this strata was a Grey Gley 8/N sandy clay loam with heavy 7.5YR 4/4 reddish-brown iron concretions (Cg). The structure for this horizon was loose granular and blocky, and the soils were partially saturated. Maganese nodules and charcoal flecking were also noted. The strata extended to 81 inches below ground surface where the water table was encountered. Borehole 4 revealed a coarse loose heavily mottled gritty sandy gravel fill with brick flecking and undecayed organic matter (F1). The presence of fly ash related to industrial practices was also noted. The fill horizon extended from 0-52 inches below ground surface. At this depth the boring casing was unable to penetrate through the fill and the geotechnical boring was terminated. The soils located in the Stoney Run Area M.P. 2.75 area are consistent with backswamp waterlogged soils that were likely present throughout the Middle to Late Holocene. The coloration, texture, and organic matter of these sediments are indicative of a wetland environment. Although unlikely, it cannot be ruled out that a historical wetland formation and subsequent pedogenic processes that occur in such an environment could have masked the indicators of any former upland soils where these borings were taken. Given the low gradient, the soils were likely deposited in a tidally influenced environment with fluvio-deltaic factors also playing a role. The undecayed wood and organic matter located deeply buried in this area is indicative of rapid burial. It is possible that the wood was present in an paleo stream channel which may have displayed
14 braided drainage. Laboratory and microscopic analysis conducted revealed sub-rounded quartzite sand grains in the C soil horizons, which are common in fluvial environments, and which would also support the theory that a stream channel at one point in time flowed through the area. In the majority of this area the natural topsoil in this area also appears to have been removed intentionally or by natural processes prior to the filling of this area which has in turn greatly compromised the integrity of the soils. The poorly drained soils and rapid changes in environmental conditions would not be favorable to uncovering cultural resources. Therefore, no further testing in this area is recommended.
Stoney Run Area M.P. 2.85-2.9 Results In total two geotechnical boreholes (boreholes 5-6) were attempted in the Stoney Run Area M.P. 2.85-2.9 area. Several utility lines marked in the area greatly limited the options for borehole testing. One PEM wetland was also located on the western periphery of the Stoney Run Area M.P. 2.85-2.9 area (Photos 4-6). The soils identified within the Stoney Run Area M.P. 2.85-2.9 area are mapped within the cross-section show in in Figure 5c. The geotechnical borings, generally speaking, revealed mostly thick layers of historic fill (greater than 3 feet) mixed in with recent alluvial deposits. Below this were poorly drained heavily gleyed and depleted soil horizons commonly found in waterlogged areas. Borehole 5 revealed a coarse heavily mottled gritty sandy gravel fill with brick flecking and undecayed organic matter (F1). The presence of fly ash related to industrial practices was also noted. In addition, several sea shells were identified at the bottom of the fill horizon. The fill horizon extended from 0-53 inches below ground surface. Underlying this was a 10YR 5/6 Yellowish brown silt clay loam mottled with Grey Gley 8/N with heavy 7.5YR 4/4 reddish-brown iron concretions (Bg). The structure for this horizon was blocky to subangular, and the soils were partially saturated. Heavy manganese and charcoal flecking were also noted. This horizon extended to 79 inches below ground surface. The structure for this horizon was very blocky, and soils were partially saturated. Borehole testing was terminated at a depth of 79 inches below ground surface where the water table was encountered. Borehole 6 revealed a coarse heavily mottled gritty sandy gravel fill with brick flecking and undecayed organic matter (F1). The fill horizon for Borehole 6 was noted as being very granular and loose. The fill horizon extended from 0-42 inches below ground surface. Underlying this was a Yellowish brown 10YR 5/6 clay loam mottled with Grey Gley 8/N with heavy 7.5YR 4/4 reddish- brown iron concretions (Bg). The structure for this horizon was blocky to angular, and the soils were partially saturated. Heavy manganese and charcoal flecking were also noted. This horizon
15 extended to 71 inches below ground surface. The structure for this horizon was very blocky, and soils were partially saturated. Borehole testing was terminated at a depth of 71 inches below ground surface where the water table was encountered. The soils located in the Stoney Run Area M.P. 2.85-2.9 area are consistent with backswamp waterlogged soils that were likely present throughout the Middle to Late Holocene. The coloration, texture, and organic matter of these sediments are indicative of a wetland environment. Although unlikely, it cannot be ruled out that a historical wetland formation and subsequent pedogenic processes that occur in such an environment could have masked the indicators of any former upland soils where these borings were taken. It is likely that the several pipelines in very close proximity to this area, including a large waterline that was marked out in the field, have altered drainage and created waterlogged soils in a once upland area. Given the low gradient, it is equally likely that the soils were likely deposited in a tidally influenced environment with fluvio- deltaic factors also playing a role. Several large seashells identified around the transition between the Fill horizon and Bg horizons likely indicate one of two things. First, it is possible that as areas of the Delaware River close, and likely south of the Stoney Run Area M.P. 2.85-2.9 area were dredged for transportation purposes, that the excess soil was dumped in the Stoney Run Area M.P. 2.85-2.9 area. Furthermore, it is also possible that the Delaware River over the past several centuries had a flood in magnitude high enough, such as it during the 1971 flood previously discussed, that it deposited these shells within the Stoney Run Area M.P. 2.85-2.9 area. The compactness, undecayed wood and organic matter located deeply buried in the Bg horizon are also is indicative of rapid burial, which would tend to support the former theory, possibly uniformly or in conjunction with the latter theory. Laboratory and microscopic analysis conducted revealed manganese concretions that were indicative of prolonged saturation within the Bg soil horizon. In the majority of this area the natural topsoil in this area also appears to have been removed intentionally or by natural processes prior to the filling of this area which has in turn greatly compromised the integrity of the soils. The poorly drained soils and rapid changes in environmental conditions would not be favorable to uncovering cultural resources. Therefore, no further testing in this area is recommended.
4.0 Summary
Carbon samples were taken from the Stoney Run Area M.P. 2.75 and Stoney Run Area M.P 2.85-2.9 areas in the event that radiocarbon dating could be performed in order to provide a more detailed temporal context for the stratigraphy and the date of the soils. All areas where carbon
16 samples were collected in soils that were potentially older were at or very near the water table and were also poorly drained. As a result, it was determined that the natural conditions would be unfavorable to provide an accurate date range of the older strata. Sediment grain size sieve analysis was also conducted on samples from the Stoney Run Area M.P. 2.75 and Stoney Run Area M.P 2.85-2.9 areas in order to provide some insight into depositional history. This analysis also supported the findings of a likely poorly-drained backswamp area that was frequently flooded (Table 1).
Fill layers at the surface were likely placed in their present location in order to build up elevation to increase structural support for construction and various other infrastructure. This likely occurred after an earlier massive cut event in all three areas. Undecayed leaves and organic matter located in poorly drained soil horizons in the subsoil indicate that the filling occurred at a fairly rapid pace. There is no doubt after examining the color, texture and proximity to the water table of the underlying soils, that very extended periods of waterlogging and inundation have occurred. The clay loam texture indicates deposition under slack water or low energy conditions. It cannot be ruled out with absolute certainty that soils were transformed hydrologically into poorly drained soils through anthropogenic activity or natural events. In all likelihood it is almost certainly a combination of both factors. Based on the absence of well- established A and upper B horizons, there is little to no potential for the presence of intact, artifact- or feature-bearing archaeological deposits within any of the three tested areas. The landforms identified during geomorphologic fieldwork are identified in Figure 14. The stream terrace, which encompasses all three areas, is estimated to be of about middle Holocene age. This estimate is based on relative degree of subsoil formation, which as described in the field and as supported by laboratory particle size analyses, has achieved that of a moderately developed argillic horizon (i.e., Bg, Cg). Even weak argillic horizon formation requires several thousand years of soil weathering. Hydrology here has been significantly degraded by the severe grading and filling disturbances, and deeper terrace soils, which may contain cultural resources, are likely now well beneath the water table. Mottled or seasonally saturated soils, as revealed during testing, are also normally culturally sterile (Wagner, 2012). Given the relative instability of the stream channel, preservation would have been poor within the study area. No further testing is recommended in any of the three study areas.
17
18
Figure 1a. Pipeline Centerline, Temporary Workspaces and HDD points (ESRI Basemaps 2018).
19 STONY RUN AREA M.P. 2.35-2.45
STONY RUN AREA M.P. 2.75
STONY RUN AREA M.P. 2.85-2.9
Figure 1b. Geomorphological APE with Study Areas (ESRI Basemaps 2018).
20
Figure 1c. Project Location Aerial with STP tests for Stoney Run Area M.P. 2.35-2.45.
21
Figure 1d. Project Location Aerial with borehole test areas for Stoney Run Area M.P. 2.75 and Stoney Run Area M.P. 2.85-2.9 (ESRI Basemaps 2018).
22 Figure 2. Topographic Map of the Study Areas (Shown in Red) (ESRI Basemaps 2018).
23
Figure 3. Slope map of the Study Areas showing relatively flat surfaces, and likely cut/fill in the Project vicinity (ESRI Basemaps 2018).
24
Figure 4. LiDAR Hillshade Map derived by using 2 foot contours (ESRI Basemaps 2018).
25
Figure 5a. Geomorphological Cross-Section showing soil testing results for the Stoney Run Area M.P. 2.35-2.45 area (Google Earth Pro Elevation Data 2018).
26
Figure 5b. Geomorphological Cross-Section showing soil testing results for the Stoney Run Area M.P. 2.75 area (Google Earth Pro Elevation Data 2018).
27
Figure 5c. Geomorphological Cross-Section showing soil testing results for Stoney Run Area M.P. 2.85-2.9 area (Google Earth Pro Elevation Data 2018).
28
Figure 6. Gauging Station data showing high discharge events for Chester Creek located approximately 2.5 miles northeast of the Study Areas. Note extremely high discharge events in 1951, 1971, and 1999 (USGS 2018).
Figure 7. Soils Map of the APE showing the entirety of the Project area covered in “Made lands” Soil type (Ma) (USDA 2018).
29 Figure 8. Original shorelines of the Delaware River and tributaries over the past 125 years. (FEMA Flood Map Service Center). Notice the Delaware River has shifted toward the Project area, while the tributary has shifted away (ESRI Basemaps 2018).
30
Figure 9. 100 year floodplains of the Project area. Notice the Stoney Run Area M.P. 2.85-2.75 and Stoney Run Area M.P. 2.85-2.9 areas are completely encompassed within the 100 year floodplain , while the Stoney Run Area M.P. 2.35-2.45 area is partially within the 100 year floodplain (FEMA Flood Map Service Center) (ESRI Basemaps 2018).
31
Figure 10. 1862 Map of the Project Area (G Smith, 1862).
32
Figure 11. 1894 Map of the Project Area (USGS 1894).
33
Figure 12. 1937 Aerial of the Project Area (Penn Pilot 2018).
34
Figure 13. 1941 Historic Topographic Map of the Project Area (USGS 1941).
35
Figure 14. Identified Pre-Contact Landforms of the Project Area.
36
Table 1a. Sediment sieve grain-size analysis for Borehole 1 in the Stoney Run Area M.P. 2.75 area.
Table 1b. Sediment sieve grain-size analysis for Borehole 5 in the Stoney Run Area M.P. 2.85-2.9 area.
37
Photograph 1. Photograph from the eastern section of the Stoney Run Area M.P. 2.75 area near borehole 2, facing west.
Photograph 2. Photograph from the western section of the Stoney Run Area M.P. 2.75 area near borehole 4, facing east.
38
Photograph 3. Photograph from Borehole 1 in the Stoney Run Area M.P. 2.35-2.45 area showing Cg Sand clay loam strata.
Photograph 4. Photograph from the western section of the Stoney Run Area M.P 2.85-2.9 area near borehole 6, facing east.
39
Photograph 5. Photograph from the eastern section of the Stoney Run Area M.P 2.85-2.9 area near borehole 5, facing west toward wetland.
Photograph 6. Photograph from Borehole 5 in the Stoney Run Area M.P 2.85-2.9 APE showing Fill and Bg strata transition.
40
Photograph 7. Photograph from the western section of the Stoney Run Area M.P 2.35-2.45 APE facing west. Notice surface water, and pipeline infrastructure.
Photograph 8. Additional disturbances and grading in the Stoney Run Area M.P 2.35-2.45 area.
41
Photograph 9. STP 2 in the Stoney Run Area M.P 2.35-2.45 area showing disturbed soils over poorly drained soils.
Photograph 10. Historic September 13, 1971 flood near modern-day Chester High School in Chester, PA showing inundation of low terrace about the same elevation as the majority of the Project area (J Bullock 2002).
42 REFERENCES
Bathrellos G. D. 2007 An Overview in Urban Geology and Urban Geomorphology. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 40:1354–1364.
Bascom, F., Wherry, E. T., Stose, G. W., and Jonas, A. I. 1931 Geology and mineral resources of the Quakertown-Doylestown district, Pennsylvania and New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 828., 69 p. Plate 1.
Berg, T.M., W.E. Edmunds, A.R. Geyer and others, compilers 1980 Geologic map of Pennsylvania (2nd ed.) Pennsylvania Geological Survey, 4th ser., Map 1, 3. Scale 1:250,000.
Bousman, C.B., and Vierra, B.J. 2012 From the Pleistocene to the Holocene: Human Organization and Cultural Transformations in Prehistoric North America. Texas A&M University Press, College Station
Braun, Duane D. 2006 Deglaciation of the Appalachian Plateau, northeastern Pennsylvania. Geomorphology 75., 11 p.
Bullock, J. 2002 Eyre Park Flood. Graphic Details Publications;
Davis, Margaret . 1983 Holocene Vegetational History of the Eastern United States. In Late Quaternary Environment of the United States. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, Volume 2, The Holocene, edited by H. E. Wright, Jr., pp. 166-181.
Delcourt Paul A., and Hazel R. Delcourt 1981 Vegetation Maps for Eastern North America: 40,000 yr B.P. to the Present. Plenum, New York.
Engelhart, S. E. 2012 Holocene sea level database for the Atlantic coast of the United States. Quat. Sci. Rev. 54, p.p. 12– 25 (2012).
ESRI Basemaps 2018
Gajewski, K. 1988 Late-Holocene climates of eastern North America estimated from pollen data. Quaternary Research., 29, p.p. 255-262. Google Earth Elevation Data 2018
Kraft, J. C. 1985 Marine Environments: Paleogeographic Reconstructions in the Littoral Region. In Archaeological Sediments in Context, edited by Julie K. Stein and William R. Farrand,. University of Maine, Orono., p. 111-125
43
Kraft, Herbert C., and R. Alan Mounier 1982 The Late Woodland Period in New Jersey. In New Jersey’s Archaeological Resources From the Paleo-Indian Period to the Present: A Review of Research Problems and Survey Priorities, edited by O. Chesler, pp. 139–184. Office of Cultural and Environmental Services, Trenton, New Jersey.
Krech, Shepard 1999 The Ecological Indian: Myth and History. W.W. Norton, New York, New York.
Lewis, H.C. 1881 The Trenton Gravel and Its Relation to the Antiquity of Man. Academy of Natural Sceineces of Philadelphia Proceedings, v. 32, p. 296-309.
Mansue, Lawrence J., and Allen B. Commings 1974 Sediment Transport by Streams Draining into the Delaware Estuary. Geological Survey Water- Supply Paper 1532-H. U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C, p. H11
Matsuda, I. 2009 River morphology and channel processes. In J. C. Dooge, editor, Fresh Surface Water, pages 299–309. Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS)
NRCS Soil Survey Manual 1970
NRCS Web Soil Survey 2016 http://websoilsurvey.sc.egov.usda.gov/App/HomePage.htm
Paulachok, Gary N. 1991 Geohydrology and Ground-Water Resources of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2346. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
Parrington, Michael 1988 A Phase I Archaeological Survey of the Byberry Industrial Development Site Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania; Report submitted to Philadelphia Authority for Industrial Development
Penn Pilot Photo Centers 2018 http://www.pennpilot.psu.edu/
Pennsylvania Spatial Data Access 2016 http://www.pasda.psu.edu/
Rosgen, D. L. 1994 A classification of natural rivers: Catena, v. 22, p. 194.
Scharf, J. Thomas, and Thompson Westcott 1884 History of Philadelphia: 1608–1884. Three volumes. L. H. Everts & Company, Philadelphia, PA.
Sevon, W. D., Fleeger, G. M., and Shepps, V. C. 1999 Pennsylvania and the ice age. Pennsylvania Geological Survey, 4th ser., Educational Series 6., 30 p.
44 Smith, G. 1862 Early Settlements of Delaware County. Published in Library of Congress
Stewart, Marilyn C. 1992 The Hunter Creek Site and the Central Florida Lake District. The Florida Anthropologist.
Thornbush, M. J. 2001 Holocene Floodplain Development and Prehistoric Human Occupation: Lower Nottawasaga River, Southern Ontario, Canada. Master’s thesis, Department of Geography. University of Toronto, p. 4. Thornbush, M. J.
USDA Web Soil Survey 2018
USGS Historical Topographic Map Explorer 1894 Chester, PA 7.5 minute Quadrangle
1941 Chester, PA 7.5 minute Quadrangle
2016 http://historicalmaps.arcgis.com/usgs/
2018 USGS Gauging Data. https://waterdata.usgs.gov
Vento, F., and Stahlman, P. 2007 Geomorphological Investigations at the Proposed Foxwoods Casino, 1499, 1505, & 1533 Christopher Columbus Boulevard. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Submitted to Richard Grubb & Associates, Inc. Cranbury, New Jersey.
Vento, F.,and Stahlman, P. 2008 Geomorphological Investigations at the Proposed St. Annes Church Road and Bridge Renovation and Relocation Project, New Castle County, Delaware
Vento, F., and Spuck, J. 2012 Geomorphological Investigations at the proposed Ford City Sewerage Project, Ford City, Armstrong County, Pennsylvania; Report submitted to Christine Davis Consultants
Walker, R.B., Driskell, N. 2007 Foragers of the Terminal Pleistocene in North America. University of Nebraska Press.
Wagner, D. 2012 Geoarchaeological Interpretations of the Gunnars Run Site I-95 Improvement Project, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Submitted to URS, Inc. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
45 1 APPENDICES
APPENDIX C Archaeological Provenience Catalog
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey Appendix C - Provenience Catalog - Adelphia Gateway Pipeline - Tilghman Lateral Sitename Analytical Unit Unit# Catalog# Stratum Date Soil Description Depth: Depth: Excavators Comments - level Open Close
Transco Meter - - #- 0001 --- 08/27/2018 (- - /:) - 0.00' 0.00' LB Grid B Site Plan Station
Transco Meter Analytical Unit A - Fill ST #0001 0002 A-01 08/27/2018 very dark gray (010YR-3/1) silt 0.00' 0.45' JRN thick roots - cobbles - dry with Station Strata loam some gravel - located in old unpaved road
Transco Meter Analytical Unit A - Fill ST #0001 0003 B-01 08/27/2018 black (010YR-2/1) loamy sand 0.45' 1.30' JRN cinder - discarded in field - road Station Strata bed - one large stone covers the majority of the unit
Transco Meter Analytical Unit A - Fill ST #0002 0004 A-01 08/27/2018 dark brown (010YR-3/3) clay 0.00' 0.08' CP-I in road bed - large piece of Station Strata loam fabric and large rock slightly below the surface
Transco Meter Analytical Unit A - Fill ST #0002 0005 B-01 08/27/2018 very dark grayish brown 0.08' 1.00' CP-I cinder sand gravel - cinder not Station Strata (010YR-3/2) loam collected - orange sand below
Transco Meter Analytical Unit C - ST #0002 0006 C-01 08/27/2018 light brownish gray 1.00' 1.20' CP-I subsoil - filled with rocks - not Station Subsoil (010YR-6/2) silt loam screened
Transco Meter Analytical Unit A - Fill ST #0003 0007 A-01 08/27/2018 very dark grayish brown 0.00' 0.55' CP-I thin topsoil layer - small amount Station Strata (010YR-3/2) clay loam of gravel
Transco Meter Analytical Unit A - Fill ST #0003 0008 B-01 08/27/2018 light brownish gray 0.55' 1.20' CP-I large root - compacted - some Station Strata (010YR-6/2) silt loam road material and cinder present - no other material
Transco Meter Analytical Unit A - Fill ST #0004 0009 A-01 08/27/2018 dark brown (7.5YR-3/2) sandy 0.00' 0.70' TN unit located in or near historic Station Strata loam farmstead road - some roots and organic matter
Transco Meter Analytical Unit A - Fill ST #0004 0010 B-01 08/27/2018 black (7.5YR-2/0) sand 0.70' 1.65' TN coarse sand with bands of ash Station Strata and cinder (roadway material)
Transco Meter Analytical Unit C - ST #0004 0011 C-01 08/27/2018 strong brown (7.5YR-5/8) clay 1.65' 2.10' TN some intrusive glass - subsoil Station Subsoil loam mottled with brown (7.5YR-5/2) clay loam
Transco Meter Analytical Unit B - ST #0005 0012 A-01 08/27/2018 dark brown (010YR-3/3) clay 0.00' 0.25' BH dry compacted soil with stones - Station Topsoil loam leaf mat
Transco Meter Analytical Unit B - ST #0005 0013 B-01 08/27/2018 dark yellowish brown 0.25' 0.35' BH mottled deposit Station Topsoil (010YR-4/6) clay loam mottled with dark brown (010YR-3/3) clay loam
Transco Meter Analytical Unit C - ST #0005 0014 C-01 08/27/2018 strong brown (7.5YR-4/6) silty 0.35' 1.20' BH compact, rocky subsoil Station Subsoil clay loam
Transco Meter Analytical Unit B - ST #0006 0015 A-01 08/28/2018 very dark gray (2.5YR-3/0) silt 0.00' 0.60' TN roots mat and topsoil - coal Station Topsoil loam present C- 1 Appendix C - Provenience Catalog - Adelphia Gateway Pipeline - Tilghman Lateral Sitename Analytical Unit Unit# Catalog# Stratum Date Soil Description Depth: Depth: Excavators Comments - level Open Close
Transco Meter Analytical Unit C - ST #0006 0016 B-01 08/28/2018 yellowish brown (010YR-5/4) 0.60' 1.35' TN rocks increase toward bottom of Station Subsoil silt loam layer - probably subsoil with small amount of intrusive material
Transco Meter Analytical Unit B - ST #0007 0017 A-01 08/27/2018 dark grayish brown 0.00' 0.55' BH garbage bag discarded in field - Station Topsoil (010YR-4/2) loam possible lithic - surface appears to have been recently flooded - silty covering in area
Transco Meter Analytical Unit C - ST #0007 0018 B-01 08/27/2018 light yellowish brown 0.55' 1.10' BH subsoil - dry with a few pebbles Station Subsoil (010YR-6/4) silt loam
Transco Meter Analytical Unit B - ST #0008 0019 A-01 08/27/2018 brown (010YR-5/3) silt loam 0.00' 0.40' JRN coal - thick root mat - dry - piles Station Topsoil of concrete in area
Transco Meter Analytical Unit C - ST #0008 0020 B-01 08/27/2018 light yellowish brown 0.40' 1.20' JRN piece of slate - few roots - no Station Subsoil (010YR-6/4) silt loam rocks or pebbles - grades lighter toward bottom
Transco Meter Analytical Unit B - ST #0009 0021 A-01 08/27/2018 brown (010YR-5/3) silt loam 0.00' 0.50' JRN many roots - dry - few pebbles - Station Topsoil dense brambles near edge of pipeline row
Transco Meter Analytical Unit B - ST #0009 0022 B-01 08/27/2018 yellowish brown (010YR-5/4) 0.50' 1.00' JRN few pebbles or roots - dry Station Topsoil silt loam
Transco Meter Analytical Unit C - ST #0009 0023 C-01 08/27/2018 pale yellow (2.5Y -7/4) silt 1.00' 1.40' JRN subsoil - 2 pebbles - dry Station Subsoil loam
Transco Meter Analytical Unit B - ST #0010 0024 A-01 08/27/2018 very dark gray (7.5YR-3/0) 0.00' 0.53' TN small roots at top of layer - Station Topsoil clay loam artifacts from base of deposit
Transco Meter Analytical Unit C - ST #0010 0025 B-01 08/27/2018 yellowish brown (010YR-5/6) 0.53' 1.50' TN a few rocks - no cultural Station Subsoil silt loam material
Transco Meter Analytical Unit B - ST #0011 0026 A-01 08/27/2018 dark brown (010YR-3/3) clay 0.00' 0.40' CP-I redware sherd - relatively thin Station Topsoil loam topsoil
Transco Meter Analytical Unit C - ST #0011 0027 B-01 08/27/2018 yellowish brown (010YR-5/6) 0.40' 1.30' CP-I fine silty loam - quartz core Station Subsoil silt loam found - small amount of gravel and pebbles
Transco Meter Analytical Unit B - ST #0012 0028 A-01 08/28/2018 brown/dark brown (010YR-4/3) 0.00' 0.40' BH coal discarded in field - topsoil - Station Topsoil clay loam dry
Transco Meter Analytical Unit C - ST #0012 0029 B-01 08/28/2018 yellowish brown (010YR-5/6) 0.40' 1.55' Bh compact subsoil Station Subsoil clay loam
Transco Meter Analytical Unit B - ST #0013 0030 A-01 08/28/2018 brown/dark brown (010YR-4/3) 0.00' 0.45' CP-I smaple of brick and mortar Station Topsoil clay loam
C- 2 Appendix C - Provenience Catalog - Adelphia Gateway Pipeline - Tilghman Lateral Sitename Analytical Unit Unit# Catalog# Stratum Date Soil Description Depth: Depth: Excavators Comments - level Open Close
Transco Meter Analytical Unit C - ST #0013 0031 B-01 08/28/2018 light yellowish brown 0.45' 1.20' CP-I small amount of intrusive Station Subsoil (010YR-6/4) silty clay material
Transco Meter Analytical Unit B - ST #0014 0032 A-01 08/28/2018 very dark gray (7.5YR-3/0) 0.00' 0.35' TN a few pebbles - compact topsoil Station Topsoil clay loam
Transco Meter Analytical Unit C - ST #0014 0033 B-01 08/28/2018 yellowish brown (010YR-5/6) 0.35' 1.40' TN more gravel toward bottom of Station Subsoil silt loam stratum - small quantitly of rounded quartz pebbles (N=10)
Transco Meter Analytical Unit B - ST #0015 0034 A-01 08/28/2018 very dark gray (7.5YR-3/0) 0.00' 0.40' TN topsoil Station Topsoil clay loam
Transco Meter Analytical Unit C - ST #0015 0035 B-01 08/28/2018 yellowish brown (010YR-5/4) 0.40' 1.45' TN a few rounded quartz pebbles - Station Subsoil silt loam a single piece of coal-DIF
Transco Meter Analytical Unit B - ST #0016 0036 A-01 08/27/2018 dark grayish brown 0.00' 0.25' BH leaf liter and roots Station Topsoil (010YR-4/2) clay loam
Transco Meter Analytical Unit C - ST #0016 0037 B-01 08/27/2018 yellowish brown (010YR-5/4) 0.25' 0.40' BH compact - appears to be subsoil Station Subsoil clay loam
Transco Meter Analytical Unit C - ST #0016 0038 C-01 08/27/2018 light yellowish brown 0.40' 1.10' BH ligher color - compact Station Subsoil (010YR-6/4) clay loam
Transco Meter Analytical Unit B - ST #0017 0039 A-01 08/27/2018 very dark gray (7.5YR-3/0) 0.00' 0.45' TN large quart rock - appears to be Station Topsoil clay loam non-cultural
Transco Meter Analytical Unit C - ST #0017 0040 B-01 08/27/2018 yellowish brown (010YR-5/4) 0.45' 1.40' TN subsoil Station Subsoil silt loam
Transco Meter Analytical Unit B - ST #0018 0041 A-01 08/27/2018 brown (010YR-5/3) silt loam 0.00' 0.50' JRN very few stones or pebbles Station Topsoil
Transco Meter Analytical Unit C - ST #0018 0042 B-01 08/27/2018 pale brown (010YR-6/3) silt 0.50' 1.35' JRN 1 coal fragment - discarded in Station Subsoil loam field
Transco Meter Analytical Unit B - ST #0019 0043 A-01 08/27/2018 dark brown (7.5YR-3/2) sandy 0.00' 0.35' TN Station Topsoil loam
Transco Meter Analytical Unit C - ST #0019 0044 B-01 08/27/2018 yellowish brown (010YR-5/6) 0.35' 1.40' TN subsoil Station Subsoil silt loam
Transco Meter Analytical Unit B - ST #0020 0045 A-01 08/27/2018 brown/dark brown (010YR-4/3) 0.00' 0.50' CP=I coal and asbestos (?) Station Topsoil clay loam
Transco Meter Analytical Unit C - ST #0020 0046 B-01 08/27/2018 brownish yellow (010YR-6/8) 0.50' 1.20' CP-I rounded pebbles Station Subsoil silty clay
Transco Meter Analytical Unit B - ST #0021 0047 A-01 08/27/2018 dark grayish brown 0.00' 0.30' BH coal 2 fragments discarded in Station Topsoil (010YR-4/2) clay loam field - dry soil
C- 3 Appendix C - Provenience Catalog - Adelphia Gateway Pipeline - Tilghman Lateral Sitename Analytical Unit Unit# Catalog# Stratum Date Soil Description Depth: Depth: Excavators Comments - level Open Close
Transco Meter Analytical Unit C - ST #0021 0048 B-01 08/27/2018 yellowish brown (010YR-5/4) 0.30' 1.30' BH 1 fragment of coal (DIF) Station Subsoil clay loam
Transco Meter Analytical Unit B - ST #0022 0049 A-01 08/28/2018 brown/dark brown (010YR-4/3) 0.00' 0.65' CP-I heavy roots Station Topsoil clay loam
Transco Meter Analytical Unit C - ST #0022 0050 B-01 08/28/2018 light yellowish brown 0.65' 1.30' CP-I a few artifacts - few rocks or Station Subsoil (010YR-6/4) silty clay pebbles
Transco Meter Analytical Unit B - ST #0023 0051 A-01 08/28/2018 brown (010YR-5/3) clay loam 0.00' 0.55' CP-I thin layer of topsoil - some roots Station Topsoil
Transco Meter Analytical Unit C - ST #0023 0052 B-01 08/28/2018 light gray (010YR-7/2) silty 0.55' 1.35' CP-I possible flake - very compacted Station Subsoil clay mottled with light and mottled with orange and yellowish brown (010YR-6/4) white streaks silt loam
Transco Meter Analytical Unit B - ST #0024 0053 A-01 08/28/2018 brown/dark brown (010YR-4/3) 0.00' 0.60' CP-I thin layer - lot of roots Station Topsoil clay loam
Transco Meter Analytical Unit C - ST #0024 0054 B-01 08/28/2018 brownish yellow (010YR-6/8) 0.60' 1.30' CP-I compacted mottled clayey soil Station Subsoil silty clay mottled with light gray (010YR-7/2) silty clay
Transco Meter Analytical Unit B - ST #0025 0055 A-01 08/28/2018 dark grayish brown 0.00' 0.40' BH glass and possible lithic Station Topsoil (010YR-4/2) clay loam
Transco Meter Analytical Unit C - ST #0025 0056 B-01 08/28/2018 yellowish brown (010YR-5/4) 0.40' 1.30' BH dry - compacted soil Station Subsoil clay loam
Transco Meter Analytical Unit A - Fill ST #0026 0057 A-01 08/28/2018 yellowish brown (010YR-5/6) 0.00' 0.30' JRN redeposited fill layer - did not Station Strata clay loam mottled with white screen (010YR-8/2) silt loam
Transco Meter Analytical Unit A - Fill ST #0026 0058 B-01 08/28/2018 dark grayish brown 0.30' 0.60' JRN cut and filled layer Station Strata (010YR-4/2) clay loam mottled with white (010YR-8/2) clay loam and yellowish brown (010YR-5/6) clay loam
Transco Meter Analytical Unit C - ST #0026 0059 C-01 08/28/2018 yellowish brown (010YR-5/6) 0.60' 1.00' JRN compact subsoil with very few Station Subsoil silty clay mottled with light rocks brownish gray (010YR-6/2) loam
Transco Meter Analytical Unit B - ST #0027 0060 A-01 08/29/2018 dark grayish brown 0.00' 0.45' JRN very few stones or pebbles Station Topsoil (010YR-4/2) silt loam
Transco Meter Analytical Unit C - ST #0027 0061 B-01 08/29/2018 light brownish/gray (2.5Y -6/2) 0.45' 1.10' JRN quartz fragment, flake, coal, and Station Subsoil silt loam nail(?) - afew pebbles and stones - large root along north
C- 4 Appendix C - Provenience Catalog - Adelphia Gateway Pipeline - Tilghman Lateral Sitename Analytical Unit Unit# Catalog# Stratum Date Soil Description Depth: Depth: Excavators Comments - level Open Close
Transco Meter Analytical Unit C - ST #0027 0062 C-01 08/29/2018 white (010YR-8/2) silty clay 1.10' 1.50' JRN dry and compact - excavated Station Subsoil loam mottled with light southern half of uniot due to brownish/gray (2.5Y -6/2) silty root clay loam and yellowish brown (010YR-5/6) silty clay loam
Transco Meter Analytical Unit B - ST #0028 0063 A-01 08/28/2018 dark yellowish brown 0.00' 0.70' BH topsoil - dry Station Topsoil (010YR-4/4) clay loam
Transco Meter Analytical Unit C - ST #0028 0064 B-01 08/28/2018 yellowish brown (010YR-5/4) 0.70' 1.25' BH subsoil - compact Station Subsoil clay loam
Transco Meter Analytical Unit B - ST #0029 0065 A-01 08/28/2018 brown/dark brown (010YR-4/3) 0.00' 0.30' JRN dry - numerous roots Station Topsoil clay loam
Transco Meter Analytical Unit C - ST #0029 0066 B-01 08/28/2018 yellowish brown (010YR-5/6) 0.30' 1.30' BH compact Station Subsoil clay loam
Transco Meter Analytical Unit B - ST #0030 0067 A-01 08/28/2018 dark yellowish brown 0.00' 0.20' BH topsoil Station Topsoil (010YR-4/4) clay loam
Transco Meter Analytical Unit C - ST #0030 0068 B-01 08/28/2018 yellowish brown (010YR-5/6) 0.20' 1.10' BH 1 redware sherd Station Subsoil clay loam
Transco Meter Analytical Unit B - ST #0031 0069 A-01 08/28/2018 very dark gray (7.5YR-3/0) silt 0.00' 0.85' TN thicker topsoil than prior units Station Topsoil loam
Transco Meter Analytical Unit C - ST #0031 0070 B-01 08/28/2018 yellowish brown (010YR-5/4) 0.85' 1.50' TN heavy root intrusion Station Subsoil silt loam
Transco Meter Analytical Unit B - ST #0032 0071 A-01 08/28/2018 very dark gray (7.5YR-3/0) silt 0.00' 0.40' TN Station Topsoil loam
Transco Meter Analytical Unit C - ST #0032 0072 B-01 08/28/2018 yellowish brown (010YR-5/6) 0.40' 1.30' TN Station Subsoil silt loam
Transco Meter - ST #0033 0073 --- 08/29/2018 (- - /:) - 0.00' 0.00' LB Siteplan Grid A Station
Transco Meter Analytical Unit B - ST #0033 0074 A-01 08/29/2018 brown/dark brown (010YR-4/3) 1.30' 0.60' JRN Grid A - topsoil with many roots Station Topsoil silt loam - expanded unit to north
Transco Meter Analytical Unit C - ST #0033 0075 B-01 08/29/2018 light gray (010YR-7/2) silt 0.60' 1.30' JRN quartz fragment - compact with Station Subsoil loam mottled with brownish more rocks toward bottom yellow (010YR-6/6) silt loam
Transco Meter Analytical Unit B - ST #0039 0076 A-01 08/28/2018 brown/dark brown (010YR-4/3) 0.00' 0.70' JRN topsoil Station Topsoil silt loam
C- 5 Appendix C - Provenience Catalog - Adelphia Gateway Pipeline - Tilghman Lateral Sitename Analytical Unit Unit# Catalog# Stratum Date Soil Description Depth: Depth: Excavators Comments - level Open Close Transco Meter Analytical Unit C - ST #0039 0077 B-01 08/28/2018 yellowish brown (010YR-5/4) 0.70' 1.20' JRN with medium sized stones Station Subsoil silty clay loam mottled with dark yellowish brown (010YR-4/6) silty clay loam and light brownish gray (010YR-6/2) clay
Transco Meter Analytical Unit B - ST #0034 0078 A-01 08/29/2018 very dark brown (010YR-2/2) 0.00' 0.80' CP-I heavy roots and gravel - topsoil Station Topsoil silt loam
Transco Meter Analytical Unit C - ST #0034 0079 B-01 08/29/2018 yellowish brown (010YR-5/8) 0.80' 1.30' CP-I subsoil with intrusive redware Station Subsoil clay loam sherd
Transco Meter Analytical Unit B - ST #0035 0080 A-01 08/29/2018 dark yellowish brown 0.00' 0.80' CP-I lots of roots - few pebbles or Station Topsoil (010YR-4/4) clay loam stones
Transco Meter Analytical Unit C - ST #0035 0081 B-01 08/29/2018 yellowish brown (010YR-5/6) 0.80' 1.50' CP-I prehistoric (?) and historic Station Subsoil silt loam material - contains gravel
Transco Meter Analytical Unit B - ST #0036 0082 A-01 08/29/2018 brown/dark brown (010YR-4/3) 0.00' 0.55' CP-I mix of prehistoric (?) and Station Topsoil clay loam historic material - thin layer
Transco Meter Analytical Unit C - ST #0036 0083 B-01 08/29/2018 yellowish brown (010YR-5/4) 0.55' 1.25' CP-I Station Subsoil silt loam
Transco Meter Analytical Unit B - ST #0037 0084 A-01 08/29/2018 dark brown (7.5YR-3/2) loam 0.00' 0.35' topsoil with root mat Station Topsoil
Transco Meter Analytical Unit B - ST #0037 0085 B-01 08/29/2018 brown/dark brown (010YR-4/3) 0.35' 0.80' JRN prehistoric and historic material Station Topsoil silt loam
Transco Meter Analytical Unit C - ST #0037 0086 C-01 08/29/2018 yellowish brown (010YR-5/6) 0.80' 1.60' JRN very compact - jasper cobble - Station Subsoil silt loam may be non-cultural
Transco Meter Analytical Unit B - ST #0038 0087 A-01 08/28/2018 brown/dark brown (010YR-4/3) 0.00' 0.40' BH topsoil Station Topsoil clay loam
Transco Meter Analytical Unit C - ST #0038 0088 B-01 08/28/2018 yellowish brown (010YR-5/6) 0.40' 1.30' BH subsoil Station Subsoil clay loam
Transco Meter Analytical Unit B - ST #0040 0089 A-01 08/29/2018 very dark grayish brown 0.00' 0.10' JRN thin layer Station Topsoil (010YR-3/2) silt loam
Transco Meter Analytical Unit B - ST #0040 0090 B-01 08/29/2018 brown/dark brown (010YR-4/3) 0.10' 1.40' JRN some gravel present - a mix of Station Topsoil silt loam artifacts
Transco Meter Analytical Unit C - ST #0040 0091 C-01 08/29/2018 light yellowish brown 1.40' 1.75' JRN compact, dry, with some gravel Station Subsoil (010YR-6/4) silt loam
Transco Meter Analytical Unit B - ST #0041 0092 A-01 08/29/2018 dark yellowish brown 0.00' 0.56' CP-I thin layer with roots Station Topsoil (010YR-3/4) clay loam
C- 6 Appendix C - Provenience Catalog - Adelphia Gateway Pipeline - Tilghman Lateral Sitename Analytical Unit Unit# Catalog# Stratum Date Soil Description Depth: Depth: Excavators Comments - level Open Close
Transco Meter Analytical Unit C - ST #0041 0093 B-01 08/29/2018 yellowish brown (010YR-5/8) 0.56' 1.37' CP-I deposit became lighter and Station Subsoil silt loam more compact with depth
Transco Meter Analytical Unit B - ST #0042 0094 A-01 08/29/2018 brown/dark brown (010YR-4/3) 0.00' 0.40' BH possible lithic Station Topsoil clay loam
Transco Meter Analytical Unit C - ST #0042 0095 B-01 08/29/2018 yellowish brown (010YR-5/6) 0.40' 1.70' BH very rocky Station Subsoil clay loam
Transco Meter Analytical Unit B - ST #0043 0096 A-01 08/28/2018 brown/dark brown (010YR-4/3) 0.00' 0.50' BH topsoil Station Topsoil clay loam
Transco Meter Analytical Unit B - ST #0043 0097 B-01 08/28/2018 yellowish brown (010YR-5/6) 0.50' 1.80' BH some slight mottling - possible Station Topsoil clay loam plowzone
Transco Meter Analytical Unit C - ST #0043 0098 C-01 08/28/2018 yellowish brown (010YR-5/8) 1.80' 2.00' BH subsoil Station Subsoil clay loam
Transco Meter Analytical Unit B - ST #0044 0099 A-01 08/29/2018 brown/dark brown (010YR-4/3) 0.00' 0.40' BH topsoil with scattered historic Station Topsoil clay loam material
Transco Meter Analytical Unit C - ST #0044 0100 B-01 08/29/2018 yellowish brown (010YR-5/6) 0.40' 1.70' BH dry soil - mix of material Station Subsoil clay loam
Transco Meter Analytical Unit C - ST #0044 0101 C-01 08/29/2018 yellowish brown (010YR-5/8) 1.70' 1.90' BH subsoil Station Subsoil clay loam
Transco Meter Analytical Unit B - ST #0045 0102 A-01 08/28/2018 very dark gray (7.5YR-3/0) 0.00' 0.40' TN Station Topsoil silty clay loam
Transco Meter Analytical Unit C - ST #0045 0103 B-01 08/28/2018 yellowish brown (010YR-5/6) 0.40' 1.20' TN several large rocks in corners of Station Subsoil clay test unit
Transco Meter Analytical Unit B - ST #0046 0104 A-01 08/28/2018 dark yellowish brown 0.00' 0.60' CP-I topsoil with numerous roots Station Topsoil (010YR-4/4) clay loam
Transco Meter Analytical Unit C - ST #0046 0105 B-01 08/28/2018 brownish yellow (010YR-6/6) 0.60' 1.20' CP-I more gravel and rocks - Station Subsoil silty clay loam encountered a compact gryish white clay
Transco Meter Analytical Unit B - ST #0047 0106 A-01 08/29/2018 very dark grayish brown 0.00' 0.50' JRN dense root mat and organic Station Topsoil (010YR-3/2) silt loam matter
Transco Meter Analytical Unit C - ST #0047 0107 B-01 08/29/2018 pale brown (010YR-6/3) silt 0.50' 1.40' JRN very compact - a few rounded Station Subsoil loam mottled with strong quartz pebbles brown (7.5YR-4/6) silt loam
Transco Meter Analytical Unit B - ST #0048 0108 A-01 08/29/2018 very dark grayish brown 0.00' 0.53' CP-I heavy root mat - thin layer with Station Topsoil (010YR-3/2) silt loam a few pebbles
Transco Meter Analytical Unit C - ST #0048 0109 B-01 08/29/2018 yellowish brown (010YR-5/6) 0.53' 1.50' CP-I compacted soil - a few pebbles Station Subsoil silty clay C- 7 Appendix C - Provenience Catalog - Adelphia Gateway Pipeline - Tilghman Lateral Sitename Analytical Unit Unit# Catalog# Stratum Date Soil Description Depth: Depth: Excavators Comments - level Open Close
Transco Meter Analytical Unit B - ST #0049 0110 A-01 08/29/2018 dark gray (010YR-4/1) clay 0.00' 0.30' BH topsoil with root mat Station Topsoil loam
Transco Meter Analytical Unit C - ST #0049 0111 B-01 08/29/2018 pale brown (010YR-6/3) silt 0.30' 1.50' BH compact - dry - lightly mottled Station Subsoil loam mottled with yellowish brown (010YR-5/4) silt loam
Transco Meter - SP # 0112 --- 08/30/2018 (- - /:) - 0.00' 0.00' LB, BH, CP spring house plan Station
Tilghman Analytical Unit A - Fill ST #0001 0300 A-01 11/29/2018 very dark grayish brown 0.00' 0.20' BH did not screen - thin fill layer Lateral Strata (010YR-3/2) silty clay
Tilghman Analytical Unit A - Fill ST #0001 0301 B-01 11/29/2018 yellowish brown (010YR-5/8) 0.20' 0.65' BH partially screened - with small Lateral Strata silt loam gravel - baseball field soil?
Tilghman Analytical Unit C - ST #0001 0302 C-01 11/29/2018 pale brown (010YR-6/3) clay 0.65' 2.95' BH very compact with clay - Lateral Subsoil loam mottled with dark excavated to 3.0' with posthole yellowish brown (010YR-4/6) digger clay loam and grayish brown (010YR-5/2) clay loam
Tilghman Analytical Unit A - Fill ST #0002 0303 A-01 11/29/2018 dark brown (010YR-3/3) silt 0.00' 0.15' CP-I thin fill layer with sod Lateral Strata loam
Tilghman Analytical Unit A - Fill ST #0002 0304 B-01 11/29/2018 yellowish brown (010YR-5/8) 0.15' 0.50' CP-I not screened - fill Lateral Strata sandy loam
Tilghman Analytical Unit A - Fill ST #0002 0305 C-01 11/29/2018 reddish yellow (7.5YR-6/8) 0.50' 0.60' CP-I fill stratum Lateral Strata silty clay loam
Tilghman Analytical Unit A - Fill ST #0002 0306 D-01 11/29/2018 gray (010YR-5/1) clay mottled 0.60' 1.10' CP-I fill layer with some material - Lateral Strata with light gray/gray with chunks of gray/white clay - (010YR-6/1) clay very compacted
Tilghman Analytical Unit C - ST #0002 0307 E-01 11/29/2018 brownish yellow (010YR-6/6) 1.10' 3.10' CP-I very compact - used post hole Lateral Subsoil clay digger to reach 3.0 feet - no change in matrix
Tilghman Analytical Unit A - Fill ST #0003 0308 A-01 11/29/2018 black (010YR-2/1) silt loam 0.00' 0.40' JRN, BH fill layer with sod Lateral Strata
Tilghman Analytical Unit A - Fill ST #0003 0309 B-01 11/29/2018 (- - /:) silt 0.40' 1.00' JRN, BH GLEY2 2.5/5 PB - mortar Lateral Strata discarded in field
Tilghman Analytical Unit A - Fill ST #0003 0310 C-01 11/29/2018 yellowish brown (010YR-5/8) 1.00' 2.00' JRN,BH fill layer with small amount of Lateral Strata silt loam stratum B mottling toward top
Tilghman Analytical Unit A - Fill ST #0003 0311 C-02 11/29/2018 yellowish brown (010YR-5/8) 2.00' 2.85' JRN, BH partially excavted with post hole Lateral Strata silt loam mottled with pale digger brown (010YR-6/3) silt loam
C- 8 Appendix C - Provenience Catalog - Adelphia Gateway Pipeline - Tilghman Lateral Sitename Analytical Unit Unit# Catalog# Stratum Date Soil Description Depth: Depth: Excavators Comments - level Open Close
Tilghman Analytical Unit A - Fill ST #0004 0312 A-01 11/29/2018 very dark gray (010YR-3/1) 0.00' 0.60' BH sod in fill Lateral Strata clay loam
Tilghman Analytical Unit A - Fill ST #0004 0313 B-01 11/29/2018 very dark gray (010YR-3/1) 0.60' 2.70' BH oyster shell - discarded in field - Lateral Strata clay loam mottled with fill soil yellowish brown (010YR-5/8) clay loam
Tilghman Analytical Unit A - Fill ST #0004 0314 C-01 11/29/2018 brown/dark brown (010YR-4/3) 2.70' 2.90' BH wire fragment - discarded in Lateral Strata clay loam field
Tilghman Analytical Unit C - ST #0004 0315 D-01 11/29/2018 yellowish brown (010YR-5/8) 2.90' 3.10' BH water seeping into test unit - Lateral Subsoil clay loam subsoil
Tilghman Analytical Unit A - Fill ST #0005 0316 A-01 11/29/2018 very dark gray (010YR-3/1) 0.00' 3.20' LB, H post hole test in fill Lateral Strata clay loam
C- 9 1 APPENDICES
APPENDIX D Archaeological Inventory
Adelphia Gateway ─ Phase I Archaeological Survey Appendix D - Artifact Inventory - Adelphia Gateway - Tilghman Lateral
Site Name Catnum Stratum CountObject - Manufacture Portion - Decoration Weight Height Length WidthMarks Comments Object co Material - de Transco Analytical Unit A - Fill Strata
Household Ceramics
ST #0001
Transco 0002.A001 A - 01 1 Food Service-Table body glazed both sides (ACG) Hollowware (non-glass) - Unidentifiable - Redware - undecorated-lead glaze-clear - (072.10) Total ST #0001 1 0.0
Total Household 1 0.0 Ceramics
Miscellaneous Personal and Small Finds
ST #0001
Transco 0002.M001 A - 01 4 Household body - undecorated unglazed both sides (MHG) furnishings-Plantings earthenware (Inter./Exter.) - Flower (J20030) pots-earthenware-pot- - - Orange turned Total ST #0001 4 0.0 ST #0002
Transco 0004.M000 A - 01 1 Unidentifiable-Unidentifiable - fragment - undecorated thin, rigid object - (MZZ) Unidentifiable - molded plastic discarded (N24090) Red Transco 0004.M000 A - 01 2 Unidentifiable-Unidentifiable - fragment - undecorated thin - rigid objects - (MZZ) Unidentifiable - molded plastic discarded (N24090) White Transco 0004.M000 A - 01 1 Unidentifiable-Unidentifiable - fragment - undecorated Unidentifiable - flat piece of plastic (MZZ) Unidentifiable - multiple metal & ...0. / 200... /...N: attached to unientifiable processes plastic rusted object (C13250) Other Transco 0004.M000 A - 01 7 Unidentifiable-Unidentifiable - fragment - undecorated molded plastic object (MZZ) Unidentifiable - molded plastic with angled edge - (N24090) discarded in lab Other
D-1 Appendix D - Artifact Inventory - Adelphia Gateway - Tilghman Lateral
Site Name Catnum Stratum CountObject - Manufacture Portion - Decoration Weight Height Length WidthMarks Comments Object co Material - de Transco Analytical Unit A - Fill Strata
Miscellaneous Personal and Small Finds
ST #0002
Transco 0004.M000 A - 01 1 Unidentifiable-Unidentifiable - fragment - undecorated (MZZ) Unidentifiable - molded glass (J20060) Milk Glass Transco 0004.M000 A - 01 2 Unidentifiable-Unidentifiable - fragment - undecorated appears to be porcelain (MZZ) Unidentifiable - unidentifiable porcelain-hard chips - possible from a paste large insulator (J20101) White Transco 0004.M001 A - 01 1 Personal whole - hard undec. 0.70 (MIH) Items-Clothing-Shirt/Blouse - rubber Fasteners-Buttons-Molded-har (N24060) d rubber-1 Piece-4-hole sew Dark Brown thro - - molded Transco 0004.M002 A - 01 1 Personal whole - undec. 0.30 (MIM) Items-Clothing-Shoes/Boots - aluminum Fasteners-Grommet - machine (E15010) made Transco 0004.M003 A - 01 1 Tumbler- - - Food Service - base - glass undec. (ACJ) Drinkware (Glass) - - molded (J20060) Colorless Total ST #0002 17 0.0 ST #0004
Transco 0010.M001 B - 01 1 Household body - glass undecorated (MHC) furnishings-Lighting (J20060) Equipment - Generic lamp Colorless part-chimney - molded Total ST #0004 1 0.0
Total Miscellaneous 22 0.0 Personal and Small Finds
Glass Bottles and Commercial Containers
ST #0001
Transco 0002.G001 A - 01 1 Jars - Canning - Containers - finish - glass - undec. Mason jar? (GAE) Food Storage - molded Aqua, Dark Transco 0002.G002 A - 01 1 Bottle - Containers - body - glass - undec. (GAZ) Unidentifiable - molded Green, Light
D-2 Appendix D - Artifact Inventory - Adelphia Gateway - Tilghman Lateral
Site Name Catnum Stratum CountObject - Manufacture Portion - Decoration Weight Height Length WidthMarks Comments Object co Material - de Transco Analytical Unit A - Fill Strata
Glass Bottles and Commercial Containers
ST #0001
Transco 0002.G003 A - 01 1 Bottle - Containers - body - glass - undec. uidentifiable (GAZ) Unidentifiable - molded Colorless Transco 0002.G004 A - 01 5 Bottle - Containers - body - glass - undec. (GAZ) Unidentifiable - molded Colorless Total ST #0001 8 0.0 ST #0002
Transco 0004.G001 A - 01 1 Bottle - Beverage - Containers body - glass - exterior stippling illegible (GAZ) - Unidentifiable - molded Colorless Transco 0004.G002 A - 01 8 Bottle - Beverage - Containers body - glass - undec. (GAZ) - Unidentifiable - molded Colorless Transco 0004.G003 A - 01 2 Bottle - Beverage - Containers body - glass - 1 has exterior (GAZ) - Unidentifiable - molded Green, Light ridges Transco 0004.G004 A - 01 5 Bottle - Beer, Ale - Containers body - glass - undec. (GAA) - Alcoholic beverages - molded Amber Transco 0004.G005 A - 01 1 Bottle - Containers - body - glass - undec. (GAZ) Unidentifiable - molded Aqua, Light Transco 0005.G001 B - 01 2 Bottle - Beverage - Containers body - glass - undec. seam on one fragment (GAZ) - Unidentifiable - molded Amber Transco 0005.G002 B - 01 1 Bottle - Beverage - Containers body - glass - undec. (GAZ) - Unidentifiable - molded Green, Light Total ST #0002 20 0.0 ST #0003
Transco 0007.G001 A - 01 1 Bottle - Beverage - Containers body - glass - (GAZ) - Unidentifiable - molded Colorless Transco 0007.G002 A - 01 1 Bottle - Beer, Ale - Containers body - glass - undec. (GAA) - Alcoholic beverages - molded Amber Transco 0007.G003 A - 01 1 Bottle - Beverage - Containers body - glass - undec. (GAZ) - Unidentifiable - molded Aqua Transco 0007.G004 A - 01 1 Bottle - Containers - body - glass - undec. (GAZ) Unidentifiable - molded Red, Dark Total ST #0003 4 0.0 ST #0004
Transco 0009.G001 A - 01 1 Bottle - Containers - body - glass - undec. (GAZ) Unidentifiable - molded Purple, Light Total ST #0004 1 0.0 ST #0026
D-3 Appendix D - Artifact Inventory - Adelphia Gateway - Tilghman Lateral
Site Name Catnum Stratum CountObject - Manufacture Portion - Decoration Weight Height Length WidthMarks Comments Object co Material - de Transco Analytical Unit A - Fill Strata
Glass Bottles and Commercial Containers
ST #0026
Transco 0058.G001 B - 01 1 Bottle - Beverage - Containers body - glass - undec. (GAZ) - Unidentifiable - molded Colorless Total ST #0026 1 0.0
Total Glass Bottles and 34 0.0 Commercial Containers
Construction and Waste Material
ST #0001
Transco 0002.C000 A - 01 1 Fabric-general - brick - fragment - 0.2 Discarded in lab (CAA) unidentifiable Orange - brick (J20010) Transco 0002.C000 A - 01 6 Fabric-general - brick - fragment - 22.7 Discarded in lab (CAA) unidentifiable Red - brick (J20010) Transco 0002.C000 A - 01 1 Windows-Windows - glazing fragment - (CEA) (window glass) - plate Aqua, Light - glass (J20060) Transco 0002.C000 A - 01 1 Roofing-material - shingles - fragment - 0.7 roofing? (CBA) cut and ground Gray - slate (M23230) Total ST #0001 9 23.6 ST #0002
Transco 0004.C000 A - 01 1 Fuel and Waste fragment - - - 2.4 Discarded in lab (CKA) Product-general - coal - coal (F16030) quarried Transco 0004.C000 A - 01 1 Plumbing-hardware - drain fragment - large diameter pipe - (CHA) pipe - molded Gray - brown salt-glaze on stoneware both sides (J20110) Transco 0004.C000 A - 01 1 Electrical system-Hardware - fragment - - - with plastic twist-on (CJA) wire - wire - Multiple metal & connection cap Processes non-metal (C13270)
D-4 Appendix D - Artifact Inventory - Adelphia Gateway - Tilghman Lateral
Site Name Catnum Stratum CountObject - Manufacture Portion - Decoration Weight Height Length WidthMarks Comments Object co Material - de Transco Analytical Unit A - Fill Strata
Construction and Waste Material
ST #0002
Transco 0004.C001 A - 01 6 Electrical system-Hardware - base and side cu alloy, iron, and (CJF) fixtures - light bulb holder - fragment - plastic - with attached Multiple Processes Brown - metal wire fragment & plastic (C13250) Transco 0005.C000 B - 01 1 Windows-Windows - glazing fragment - (CEA) (window glass) - plate Aqua, Light - glass (J20060) Total ST #0002 10 2.4 ST #0003
Transco 0007.C000 A - 01 1 Fabric-general - brick - fragment - 0.6 Discarded in lab (CAA) unidentifiable Red - brick (J20010) Total ST #0003 1 0.6 ST #0004
Transco 0009.C000 A - 01 1 Fabric-general - brick - fragment - 0.4 Discarded in lab (CAA) unidentifiable Red - brick (J20010) Transco 0010.C000 B - 01 2 Fabric-general - brick - box fragment - 19.9 Discarded in lab (CAA) molded Red - brick (J20010) Transco 0010.C000 B - 01 5 Fuel and Waste fragment - - - 12.6 Discarded in lab (CKA) Product-general - coal - coal (F16030) quarried Transco 0010.C000 B - 01 1 Windows-Windows - glazing fragment - (CEA) (window glass) - plate Aqua, Light - glass (J20060) Total ST #0004 9 32.9 ST #0026
Transco 0058.C000 B - 01 1 Fuel and Waste fragment - - - 2.7 Discarded in lab (CKA) Product-general - coal - coal (F16030) quarried Total ST #0026 1 2.7
D-5 Appendix D - Artifact Inventory - Adelphia Gateway - Tilghman Lateral
Site Name Catnum Stratum CountObject - Manufacture Portion - Decoration Weight Height Length WidthMarks Comments Object co Material - de Transco Analytical Unit A - Fill Strata
Total Construction and 30 62.2 Waste Material
Total Analytical Unit A - 87 62.2 Fill Strata
D-6 Appendix D - Artifact Inventory - Adelphia Gateway - Tilghman Lateral
Site Name Catnum Stratum CountObject - Manufacture Portion - Decoration Weight Height Length WidthMarks Comments Object co Material - de Transco Analytical Unit B - Topsoil
Prehistoric Material
ST #0007
Transco 0017.P001 A - 01 1 Lithics - Waste fragment - probably non-cultural flakes-unutilized - primary- silicates (PAL0100000) (natural) Brown unidentified (K21999) Total ST #0007 1 0.0 ST #0016
Transco 0036.P001 A - 01 1 Lithics - Waste fragment - probably non-cultural flakes-unutilized - primary- silicates (PAL0100000) (natural) Other quartz (K21130) Transco 0036.P002 A - 01 1 Lithics - Waste fragment - entire surface is flakes-unutilized - primary- silicates weathered - probably (PAL0100000) (natural) non-cultural Brown jasper (K21100) Total ST #0016 2 0.0 ST #0017
Transco 0039.P001 A - 01 1 Lithics - Core - - fragment - raw material - may not (PAI0000000) silicates be cultural (natural) Variegated quartz (K21130) Total ST #0017 1 0.0 ST #0025
Transco 0055.P001 A - 01 1 Lithics - Waste fragment - weathered cortex - may flakes-unutilized - primary- silicates be non-cultural (PAL0100000) (natural) Brown jasper (K21100) Total ST #0025 1 0.0 ST #0036
D-7 Appendix D - Artifact Inventory - Adelphia Gateway - Tilghman Lateral
Site Name Catnum Stratum CountObject - Manufacture Portion - Decoration Weight Height Length WidthMarks Comments Object co Material - de Transco Analytical Unit B - Topsoil
Prehistoric Material
ST #0036
Transco 0082.P001 A - 01 1 Lithics - Core - - fragment - yellowish brown tinge to (PAI0000000) silicates object (natural) White quartz (K21130) Total ST #0036 1 0.0 ST #0037
Transco 0084.P001 A - 01 1 Lithics - Waste fragment - flakes-unutilized - blocky- silicates (PAL0400000) (natural) Colorless quartz (K21130) Transco 0085.P001 B - 01 1 Lithics - Waste fragment - flakes-unutilized - tertiary- silicates (PAL0300000) (natural) White quartz (K21130) Transco 0085.P002 B - 01 1 Lithics - Waste fragment - may be non-cultrual - flakes-unutilized - blocky- silicates small fragment (PAL0400000) (natural) Colorless quartz (K21130) Total ST #0037 3 0.0 ST #0040
Transco 0090.P001 B - 01 1 Lithics - Waste fragment - flakes-unutilized - tertiary- silicates (PAL0300000) (natural) Brown jasper (K21100) Transco 0090.P002 B - 01 1 Lithics - Waste fragment - tested cobble? - flakes-unutilized - primary- silicates weathering on fractured (PAL0100000) (natural) surfaces Brown jasper (K21100) Total ST #0040 2 0.0 ST #0041
D-8 Appendix D - Artifact Inventory - Adelphia Gateway - Tilghman Lateral
Site Name Catnum Stratum CountObject - Manufacture Portion - Decoration Weight Height Length WidthMarks Comments Object co Material - de Transco Analytical Unit B - Topsoil
Prehistoric Material
ST #0041
Transco 0092.P001 A - 01 2 Lithics - Waste fragment - cobble with weathered flakes-unutilized - primary- silicates exterior - fragments join (PAL0100000) (natural) Red - break does not jasper appear to be due to (K21100) excavation Total ST #0041 2 0.0 ST #0042
Transco 0094.P001 A - 01 1 Lithics - Waste fragment - may be jasper - flakes-unutilized - tertiary- silicates brown/light brown with (PAL0300000) (natural) some reddish brown Variegated chert (K21040) Transco 0094.P002 A - 01 1 Lithics - Waste fragment - with cortex - may be flakes-unutilized - primary- silicates non-cultrual (PAL0100000) (natural) Brown jasper (K21100) Transco 0094.P003 A - 01 1 Lithics - Waste fragment - flakes-unutilized - tertiary- silicates (PAL0300000) (natural) Colorless quartz (K21130) Transco 0094.P004 A - 01 3 Lithics - Waste fragment - one may be flakes-unutilized - blocky- silicates non-cultural (PAL0400000) (natural) White quartz (K21130) Total ST #0042 6 0.0 ST #0043
Transco 0096.P001 A - 01 1 Lithics - Waste fragment - flakes-unutilized - secondary- silicates (PAL0200000) (natural) Colorless quartz (K21130)
D-9 Appendix D - Artifact Inventory - Adelphia Gateway - Tilghman Lateral
Site Name Catnum Stratum CountObject - Manufacture Portion - Decoration Weight Height Length WidthMarks Comments Object co Material - de Transco Analytical Unit B - Topsoil
Prehistoric Material
ST #0043
Transco 0097.P001 B - 01 1 Lithics - Waste fragment - flakes-unutilized - tertiary- silicates (PAL0300000) (natural) White quartz (K21130) Transco 0097.P002 B - 01 12 Lithics - Waste fragment - shattered during flakes-unutilized - blocky- silicates excavation (PAL0400000) (natural) White quartz (K21130) Transco 0097.P003 B - 01 1 Lithics - Core - - fragment - large flat object (PAI0000000) silicates (natural) White quartz (K21130) Transco 0097.P004 B - 01 1 Lithics - Waste fragment - reddish brown - with flakes-unutilized - primary- silicates cortex (PAL0100000) (natural) Brown jasper (K21100) Transco 0097.P005 B - 01 1 Lithics - Waste fragment - small flake - may be flakes-unutilized - primary- silicates non-cultrual (PAL0100000) (natural) Red, Light quartzite (K21140) Transco 0097.P006 B - 01 1 Lithics - Waste fragment - with cortex - may be flakes-unutilized - primary- silicates utilized - scraper? (PAL0100000) (natural) Brown quartzite (K21140) Total ST #0043 18 0.0
Total Prehistoric Material 37 0.0
Household Ceramics
ST #0009
D-10 Appendix D - Artifact Inventory - Adelphia Gateway - Tilghman Lateral
Site Name Catnum Stratum CountObject - Manufacture Portion - Decoration Weight Height Length WidthMarks Comments Object co Material - de Transco Analytical Unit B - Topsoil
Household Ceramics
ST #0009
Transco 0021.A001 A - 01 1 Food-related(?)-Undetermined body small worn sherd (ADZ) - Undetermined - Pearlware - undecorated - (014.00) Total ST #0009 1 0.0 ST #0010
Transco 0024.A001 A - 01 1 Food Storage-Pantry vessels - body interior glaze - unglazed (AAA) Crock - Redware - exterior undecorated-lead/mang. glaze-brown - (072.11) Total ST #0010 1 0.0 ST #0013
Transco 0030.A001 A - 01 2 Food base same vessel? (ACE) Service-Tableware-Flatware (non-glass) - Plate - Whiteware/Ironstone - undecorated - (023.00) Total ST #0013 2 0.0 ST #0034
Transco 0078.A001 A - 01 1 Food Storage-Pantry vessels - lid undecorated lid (AAA) Crock - Gray stoneware - rimsherd domestic - (071.00) Total ST #0034 1 0.0 ST #0035
Transco 0080.A001 A - 01 1 Food Service-Tableware body (ACX) (non-glass) - Unidentified (sherd-level ident.) - Whiteware/Ironstone - undecorated - (023.00) Transco 0080.A002 A - 01 1 Food-related(?)-Unidentifiable body glazed one side - no (ADA) - Unidentifiable - Redware - opposing surface undecorated-lead/mang. glaze-brown - (072.11) Total ST #0035 2 0.0 ST #0036
D-11 Appendix D - Artifact Inventory - Adelphia Gateway - Tilghman Lateral
Site Name Catnum Stratum CountObject - Manufacture Portion - Decoration Weight Height Length WidthMarks Comments Object co Material - de Transco Analytical Unit B - Topsoil
Household Ceramics
ST #0036
Transco 0082.A001 A - 01 1 Food body glazed interior - no (ACE) Service-Tableware-Flatware opposing surface (non-glass) - Plate - Redware - slipped-lead/mang. glaze-brown w. green colorant - (072.16) Transco 0082.A002 A - 01 1 Food Service-Table base (ACG) Hollowware (non-glass) - Unidentifiable - Whiteware/Ironstone - undecorated - (023.00) Total ST #0036 2 0.0 ST #0037
Transco 0085.A001 B - 01 1 Food rim glazed one side - (ACE) Service-Tableware-Flatware unglazed exterior - (non-glass) - Plate - Redware - burnt exterior coggle edge & slipped-lead-clear - (072.50) Transco 0085.A002 B - 01 1 Food Service-Table rim glazed both sides (ACG) Hollowware (non-glass) - Unidentifiable - Redware - undecorated-lead/mang. glaze-brown - (072.11) Transco 0085.A003 B - 01 1 Food Service-Table body (ACG) Hollowware (non-glass) - Unidentifiable - American or European porcelain - hard white paste-undecorated - (053.00) Total ST #0037 3 0.0 ST #0038
Transco 0087.A001 A - 01 1 Food body unglazed exterior (ABZ) Preparation-Unidentifiable - - - Redware - undecorated-lead/mang. glaze-brown - (072.11) Total ST #0038 1 0.0 ST #0039
D-12 Appendix D - Artifact Inventory - Adelphia Gateway - Tilghman Lateral
Site Name Catnum Stratum CountObject - Manufacture Portion - Decoration Weight Height Length WidthMarks Comments Object co Material - de Transco Analytical Unit B - Topsoil
Household Ceramics
ST #0039
Transco 0076.A001 A - 01 1 Food-related(?)-Undetermined fragment glazed one side - no (ADZ) - Undetermined - Redware - opposing surface undecorated-lead/mang. glaze-brown - (072.11) Total ST #0039 1 0.0 ST #0040
Transco 0090.A001 B - 01 1 Food Service-Tableware body (ACX) (non-glass) - Unidentified (sherd-level ident.) - Creamware - undecorated - (007.00) Total ST #0040 1 0.0 ST #0043
Transco 0096.A001 A - 01 1 Food body glazed both sides (ABZ) Preparation-Unidentifiable - - - Redware - undecorated-lead/mang. glaze-brown - (072.11) Transco 0097.A001 B - 01 1 Food Storage-Pantry vessels - body glazed one side - no (AAA) Unidentifiable - Redware - opposing surface undecorated-lead/mang. glaze-black - (072.12) Transco 0097.A002 B - 01 1 Food Service-Tableware body (ACX) (non-glass) - Unidentified (sherd-level ident.) - Creamware - undecorated - (007.00) Total ST #0043 3 0.0 ST #0044
Transco 0099.A001 A - 01 1 Food rim (ACE) Service-Tableware-Flatware (non-glass) - Saucer - Majolica - undecorated - (115.00) Total ST #0044 1 0.0
D-13 Appendix D - Artifact Inventory - Adelphia Gateway - Tilghman Lateral
Site Name Catnum Stratum CountObject - Manufacture Portion - Decoration Weight Height Length WidthMarks Comments Object co Material - de Transco Analytical Unit B - Topsoil
Total Household 19 0.0 Ceramics
Miscellaneous Personal and Small Finds
ST #0005
Transco 0012.M000 A - 01 1 Unidentifiable-Unidentifiable - chips - glass - (MZZ) glass chip-colorless- - - (J20060) unidentifiable Colorless Transco 0012.M000 A - 01 1 Unidentifiable-Unidentifiable - fragment - with holes and (MZZ) Unidentifiable - molded rubber beveled edge (N24100) Black Total ST #0005 2 0.0 ST #0011
Transco 0026.M001 A - 01 1 Household body - undecorated unglazed both sides (MHG) furnishings-Plantings earthenware (Inter./Exter.) - Flower (J20030) pots-earthenware-pot- - - Orange turned Transco 0026.M002 A - 01 2 Unidentifiable-Unidentifiable - fragment - undecorated appears to be (MZZ) Unidentifiable - molded plastic packaging fragments (N24090) Other Total ST #0011 3 0.0 ST #0015
Transco 0034.M001 A - 01 1 Unidentifiable-Unidentifiable - body - glass undecorated thin - may be lamp (MZZ) Unidentifiable - molded (J20060) Milk chimney or globe Glass Total ST #0015 1 0.0 ST #0024
Transco 0053.M001 A - 01 1 Household body - undecorated unglazed both sides (MHG) furnishings-Plantings earthenware (Inter./Exter.) - Flower (J20030) pots-earthenware-pot- - - Orange turned Total ST #0024 1 0.0 ST #0028
D-14 Appendix D - Artifact Inventory - Adelphia Gateway - Tilghman Lateral
Site Name Catnum Stratum CountObject - Manufacture Portion - Decoration Weight Height Length WidthMarks Comments Object co Material - de Transco Analytical Unit B - Topsoil
Miscellaneous Personal and Small Finds
ST #0028
Transco 0063.M000 A - 01 1 Unidentifiable-Unidentifiable - rim - plastic undecorated rounded rim - circular (MZZ) Unidentifiable - molded (N24090) object Red, Light Total ST #0028 1 0.0 ST #0031
Transco 0069.M001 A - 01 1 Unidentifiable-Unidentifiable - fragment - undecorated appears to be safety (MZZ) Unidentifiable - plate glass glass (J20060) Purple, Light Transco 0069.M002 A - 01 1 Unidentifiable-Unidentifiable - fragment - exterior is a (MZZ) Unidentifiable - sheet vinyl (N24110) finished surface? Brown Total ST #0031 2 0.0 ST #0033
Transco 0074.M001 A - 01 2 Unidentifiable-Unidentifiable - body - glass undecorated chimney glass? (MZZ) Unidentifiable - molded (J20060) Colorless Transco 0074.M002 A - 01 2 Unidentifiable-Unidentifiable - fragment - fe enameled enameled pan or other (MZZ) Unidentifiable - multiple (iron) container processes (E15080) White Transco 0074.M003 A - 01 1 Workshop/Yard/Livestock-Tool teeth undec. fragment with 3 teeth (MDC) s-Cutting/chopping - Saw - (triangular) - spaced approximately sheet fe (iron) 2-inches apart (E15080) Transco 0074.M004 A - 01 2 Unidentifiable-Unidentifiable - fragment - fe undecorated heavily rusted - (MZZ) Unidentifiable - unidentifiable (iron) discarded in lab (E15080) Transco 0074.M005 A - 01 7 Unidentifiable-Unidentifiable - fragment - fe - rusted - discarded in (MZZ) metal fragment-iron- - - sheet (iron) lab (E15080) Total ST #0033 14 0.0 ST #0034
Transco 0078.M000 A - 01 1 Unidentifiable-Unidentifiable - fragment - undecorated partially melted (MZZ) Unidentifiable - unidentifiable glass (J20060) Aqua Total ST #0034 1 0.0 D-15 Appendix D - Artifact Inventory - Adelphia Gateway - Tilghman Lateral
Site Name Catnum Stratum CountObject - Manufacture Portion - Decoration Weight Height Length WidthMarks Comments Object co Material - de Transco Analytical Unit B - Topsoil
Miscellaneous Personal and Small Finds
ST #0036
Transco 0082.M001 A - 01 1 juice (citrus) extractor-1-piece- rim to base undecorated solarized glass (ABD) - - Food Preparation - with reamer Kitchenware-Utensils-General part - glass - - molded (J20060) Purple, Light Transco 0082.M002 A - 01 1 Unidentifiable-Unidentifiable - fragment - undecorated battery core? (MZZ) Unidentifiable - molded carbon (F16020) Black Total ST #0036 2 0.0 ST #0039
Transco 0076.M001 A - 01 2 Unidentifiable-Unidentifiable - fragment - fe undecorated appears to be a cap or (MZZ) Unidentifiable - molded (iron) cover - not for a (E15080) commercial container - rusted - rim with central raised portion Total ST #0039 2 0.0 ST #0040
Transco 0090.M001 B - 01 1 Personal whole face undecorated 0.80 0.50 braised post shank (MIH) Items-Clothing-Shirt/Blouse - missing shank Fasteners-Cuff Links - multiple - cu alloy processes (E15060) Transco 0090.M002 B - 01 1 Stemware- -Wine glass - body - glass exterior arched (ACJ) Food Service - Drinkware (J20060) panel? (Glass) - - molded Colorless Total ST #0040 2 0.0 ST #0042
Transco 0094.M001 A - 01 1 Household body - glass - thin (MHC) furnishings-Lighting (J20060) Equipment - Generic lamp Colorless part-lightbulb-incandescent - - - molded Transco 0094.M002 A - 01 1 Arms/Military-Ammunition-Bre casing - undec. 2.80 exterior narrow ridges (MKC) ach Load Bullets - Shot Gun plastic Shell-unidentifiable size- - - (N24090) molded Green, Dark
D-16 Appendix D - Artifact Inventory - Adelphia Gateway - Tilghman Lateral
Site Name Catnum Stratum CountObject - Manufacture Portion - Decoration Weight Height Length WidthMarks Comments Object co Material - de Transco Analytical Unit B - Topsoil
Miscellaneous Personal and Small Finds
ST #0042
Transco 0094.M003 A - 01 1 Arms/Military-Ammunition-Bre wad - plastic - undec. (MKC) ach Load Bullets - Shot Gun plastic Shell-unidentifiable size- - - (N24090) molded White Total ST #0042 3 0.0 ST #0043
Transco 0096.M001 A - 01 1 Arms/Military-Ammunition-Bre whole - plastic undecorated Maker's Mark - approximately (MKC) ach Load Bullets - Shot Gun (N24090) REM-PET/PAT 1.5-inches long and Shell wad-molded plastic- - - White ENTED 3/4-inch diameter molded Total ST #0043 1 0.0 ST #0044
Transco 0099.M000 A - 01 10 Unidentifiable-Unidentifiable - fragment - undecorated 1 has a red exterior - (MZZ) Unidentifiable - sheet aluminum foil discarded in lab (E15020) Transco 0099.M001 A - 01 1 Unidentifiable-Unidentifiable - base - ag undecorated Maker's Mark base for a tableware (MZZ) Unidentifiable - stamped silver plated with Other - vessel? - marked with (E15210) CONTINENTAL iimpressed mark and SILVER CO. piece of white tape with INC / MARVEL hand written word MARVEL Transco 0099.M003 A - 01 1 Unidentifiable- - - Food base - glass exterior raised may be bottle glass? (ACJ) Service - Drinkware (Glass) - - (J20060) circular design molded Colorless Transco 0099.M004 A - 01 1 Unidentifiable-Unidentifiable - body - glass wheel engraved (MZZ) Unidentifiable - molded (J20060) parallel line on Colorless exterior Transco 0099.M005 A - 01 3 Unidentifiable-Unidentifiable - fragment with ground beveled thick plate glass - table (MZZ) Unidentifiable - molded corner - glass edge and narrow or shelf? (J20060) ridges on top Aqua, Light Transco 0099.M006 A - 01 1 Unidentifiable-Unidentifiable - fragment - undecorated gasket or cap lining - (MZZ) Unidentifiable - machine made rubber some rusted sheet iron (N24100) adhering to one side Black Transco 0099.M007 A - 01 1 Unidentifiable-Unidentifiable - fragment - undecorated small fragment - (MZZ) Unidentifiable - molded plastic discarded in lab (N24090) Blue, Dark
D-17 Appendix D - Artifact Inventory - Adelphia Gateway - Tilghman Lateral
Site Name Catnum Stratum CountObject - Manufacture Portion - Decoration Weight Height Length WidthMarks Comments Object co Material - de Transco Analytical Unit B - Topsoil
Miscellaneous Personal and Small Finds
ST #0044
Transco 0099.M008 A - 01 101 Household body - glass exterior ribbing some mends - evidetly (MHC) furnishings-Lighting (J20060) Milk and indented all from a single lamp Equipment - Generic lamp Glass ovals shade part-shade - molded Total ST #0044 119 0.0
Total Miscellaneous 154 0.0 Personal and Small Finds
Glass Bottles and Commercial Containers
ST #0005
Transco 0012.G001 A - 01 1 Bottle - Beer, Ale - Containers body - glass - undec. (GAA) - Alcoholic beverages - molded Amber Transco 0012.G002 A - 01 1 Bottle - Containers - body - glass - undec. (GAZ) Unidentifiable - unidentifiable Colorless Total ST #0005 2 0.0 ST #0009
Transco 0021.G001 A - 01 2 Bottle - Beverage - Containers body - glass - undec. seam on one of two (GAZ) - Unidentifiable - molded Colorless sherds Total ST #0009 2 0.0 ST #0013
Transco 0030.G001 A - 01 3 Bottle - Beverage - Containers body - glass - undec. 2 join - with seam (GAZ) - Unidentifiable - molded Aqua, Light Transco 0030.G002 A - 01 2 Bottle - Containers - body - glass - undec. thick bodied (GAZ) Unidentifiable - molded Colorless Total ST #0013 5 0.0 ST #0015
Transco 0034.G000 A - 01 1 Bottle - Containers - body - glass - undec. (GAZ) Unidentifiable - molded Colorless Transco 0034.G001 A - 01 1 Bottle - Containers - body - glass - (GAZ) Unidentifiable - molded Aqua, Light Total ST #0015 2 0.0 ST #0024
Transco 0053.G001 A - 01 1 Bottle - Beverage - Containers body - glass - undec. ...RE (GAZ) - Unidentifiable - molded Colorless D-18 Appendix D - Artifact Inventory - Adelphia Gateway - Tilghman Lateral
Site Name Catnum Stratum CountObject - Manufacture Portion - Decoration Weight Height Length WidthMarks Comments Object co Material - de Transco Analytical Unit B - Topsoil
Glass Bottles and Commercial Containers
ST #0024
Transco 0053.G002 A - 01 3 Bottle - Unidentifiable - - body - glass - undec. (GAA) Containers - Alcoholic Colorless beverages - molded Total ST #0024 4 0.0 ST #0025
Transco 0055.G001 A - 01 1 Bottle - Beer, Ale - Containers body - glass - undec. (GAA) - Alcoholic beverages - molded Amber Transco 0055.G002 A - 01 1 Bottle - Unidentifiable - - body - glass - undec. paneled sides (GAF) Containers - Medicine - Colorless molded Total ST #0025 2 0.0 ST #0028
Transco 0063.G001 A - 01 3 Bottle - Beer, Ale - Containers body - glass - unidentifiable (GAA) - Alcoholic beverages - molded Amber exterior embossing Total ST #0028 3 0.0 ST #0033
Transco 0074.G001 A - 01 1 Bottle - Containers - 101 - curved undec. unidentifiable (GAZ) Unidentifiable - molded - general - body - glass - Colorless Total ST #0033 1 0.0 ST #0034
Transco 0078.G001 A - 01 1 Bottle - Containers - 101 - curved undec. unidentifiable (GAZ) Unidentifiable - handmade - general - body - glass - Colorless Transco 0078.G002 A - 01 1 Bottle - Containers - 101 - curved undec. may be lamp chimney (GAZ) Unidentifiable - molded - general - glass body - glass - Colorless Total ST #0034 2 0.0 ST #0037
D-19 Appendix D - Artifact Inventory - Adelphia Gateway - Tilghman Lateral
Site Name Catnum Stratum CountObject - Manufacture Portion - Decoration Weight Height Length WidthMarks Comments Object co Material - de Transco Analytical Unit B - Topsoil
Glass Bottles and Commercial Containers
ST #0037
Transco 0085.G001 B - 01 1 Bottle - Unidentifiable - - 101 - curved undec. (GAA) Containers - Alcoholic - general - beverages - molded body - glass - Amber Transco 0085.G002 B - 01 1 Bottle - Containers - 103 - angular undec. (GAZ) Unidentifiable - molded - general - body - glass - Colorless Total ST #0037 2 0.0 ST #0040
Transco 0090.G001 B - 01 1 Bottle - Wine - - Containers - 101 - curved undec. (GAA) Alcoholic beverages - blown - general - body - glass - Olive Green Total ST #0040 1 0.0 ST #0042
Transco 0094.G001 A - 01 1 Bottle - Containers - 101 - curved undec. (GAZ) Unidentifiable - molded - general - body - glass - Colorless Total ST #0042 1 0.0 ST #0043
Transco 0097.G001 B - 01 1 Bottle - Containers - 102 - undec. (GAZ) Unidentifiable - molded irregular - general - body - glass - Colorless Total ST #0043 1 0.0 ST #0044
Transco 0099.G001 A - 01 5 Bottle - Preserves-pickles - finish - glass - appear to be from a (GAE) Pickles - Containers - Food Colorless single bottle Storage - molded Transco 0099.G002 A - 01 4 Bottle - Preserves-pickles - 104 - round undec. B [in circle] / 57 join (GAE) Pickles - Containers - Food - general - Storage - molded base - glass - Colorless
D-20 Appendix D - Artifact Inventory - Adelphia Gateway - Tilghman Lateral
Site Name Catnum Stratum CountObject - Manufacture Portion - Decoration Weight Height Length WidthMarks Comments Object co Material - de Transco Analytical Unit B - Topsoil
Glass Bottles and Commercial Containers
ST #0044
Transco 0099.G003 A - 01 Bottle - Containers - 104 - round undec. (GAZ) Unidentifiable - molded - general - base - glass - Colorless Transco 0099.G004 A - 01 5 Bottle - Containers - 101 - curved undec. (GAZ) Unidentifiable - molded - general - shoulder - glass - Colorless Transco 0099.G005 A - 01 60 Bottle - Containers - 101 - curved undec. (GAZ) Unidentifiable - molded - general - body - glass - Colorless Transco 0099.G006 A - 01 2 Bottle - Containers - 101 - curved undec. (GAZ) Unidentifiable - molded - general - body - glass - Green Total ST #0044 76 0.0
Total Glass Bottles and 104 0.0 Commercial Containers
Construction and Waste Material
ST #0005
Transco 0012.C000 A - 01 4 Fabric-general - brick - fragment - 1.2 Discarded in lab (CAA) unidentifiable Orange - brick (J20010) Transco 0012.C000 A - 01 2 Fuel and Waste fragment - - - 0.5 Discarded in lab (CKA) Product-general - coal - coal (F16030) quarried Transco 0012.C000 A - 01 1 Fuel and Waste fragment - - - 1.2 Discarded in lab - may (CKA) Product-general - coke - coal (F16030) be coal ash? quarried Transco 0012.C000 A - 01 1 Flooring-sheet - linoleum - fragment - 0.2 one side is black - (CDB) sheet Brown - Discarded in lab linoleum (N24070) Total ST #0005 8 3.1
D-21 Appendix D - Artifact Inventory - Adelphia Gateway - Tilghman Lateral
Site Name Catnum Stratum CountObject - Manufacture Portion - Decoration Weight Height Length WidthMarks Comments Object co Material - de Transco Analytical Unit B - Topsoil
Construction and Waste Material
ST #0006
Transco 0015.C000 A - 01 59 Fuel and Waste fragment - - - 57.3 Discarded in lab (CKA) Product-general - coal - coal (F16030) quarried Transco 0015.C000 A - 01 2 Fuel and Waste fragment - - - 15.7 Discarded in lab (CKA) Product-general - coke - coal (F16030) quarried Total ST #0006 61 73.0 ST #0007
Transco 0017.C000 A - 01 1 Windows-Windows - glazing fragment with edge is beveled on one (CEA) (window glass) - plate edge - side - ground edge - Colorless - may not be window glass glass (J20060) Total ST #0007 1 0.0 ST #0008
Transco 0019.C000 A - 01 2 Fuel and Waste fragment - - - 4.9 Discarded in lab (CKA) Product-general - coal - coal (F16030) quarried Total ST #0008 2 4.9 ST #0009
Transco 0021.C000 A - 01 1 Fabric-general - brick - box fragment - 0.8 Discarded in lab (CAA) molded Red - brick (J20010) Total ST #0009 1 0.8 ST #0010
Transco 0024.C000 A - 01 1 Hardware-fasteners (general) - whole - - - fe 1.50 (CGA) screw - cast (iron) (E15080) Transco 0024.C000 A - 01 1 Hardware-fasteners (general) - head and nail or screw? (CGA) unidentified - unidentifiable shank - - - fe (iron) (E15080) Total ST #0010 2 0.0 ST #0013
D-22 Appendix D - Artifact Inventory - Adelphia Gateway - Tilghman Lateral
Site Name Catnum Stratum CountObject - Manufacture Portion - Decoration Weight Height Length WidthMarks Comments Object co Material - de Transco Analytical Unit B - Topsoil
Construction and Waste Material
ST #0013
Transco 0030.C000 A - 01 7 Fabric-general - brick - fragment - 61.4 Discarded in lab (CAA) machine made Red - brick (J20010) Transco 0030.C000 A - 01 1 Fabric-general - brick - fragment w/2 815.0 2.30 3.80 dense clayey matrix - (CAA) machine made dimensions - retained Tan - stoneware - refined (J20120) Transco 0030.C000 A - 01 9 Fabric-general - brick - fragment - Tan 8.1 from above brick - (CAA) machine made - stoneware - Discarded in lab refined (J20120) Transco 0030.C000 A - 01 6 Fuel and Waste fragment - - - 5.2 Discarded in lab (CKA) Product-general - coal - coal (F16030) quarried Transco 0030.C000 A - 01 1 Windows-Windows - glazing fragment - (CEA) (window glass) - plate Aqua, Light - glass (J20060) Transco 0030.C000 A - 01 2 Fabric-general - mortar - fragment - 18.3 with grit temper - (CAA) ground and mixed White - mortar Discarded in lab (P26050) Total ST #0013 26 908.0 ST #0015
Transco 0034.C000 A - 01 2 Fabric-general - brick - fragment - 1.2 Discarded in lab (CAA) unidentifiable Orange - brick (J20010) Transco 0034.C000 A - 01 1 Fuel and Waste fragment - - - 0.4 Discarded in lab (CKA) Product-general - coal - coal (F16030) quarried Total ST #0015 3 1.6 ST #0016
Transco 0036.C000 A - 01 1 Fuel and Waste fragment - - - 1.0 Discarded in lab (CKA) Product-general - coal - coal (F16030) quarried Total ST #0016 1 1.0 ST #0020
D-23 Appendix D - Artifact Inventory - Adelphia Gateway - Tilghman Lateral
Site Name Catnum Stratum CountObject - Manufacture Portion - Decoration Weight Height Length WidthMarks Comments Object co Material - de Transco Analytical Unit B - Topsoil
Construction and Waste Material
ST #0020
Transco 0045.C000 A - 01 2 Fabric-general - brick - fragment - Tan 1.4 see Cat.#30 (CAA) machine made - stoneware - refined (J20120) Transco 0045.C000 A - 01 3 Fuel and Waste fragment - - - 3.3 Discarded in lab (CKA) Product-general - coal - coal (F16030) quarried Transco 0045.C000 A - 01 1 Hardware-fasteners (general) - shank - - - fe in two pieces - rusted (CGA) nail - wire cut (iron) (E15080) Total ST #0020 6 4.7 ST #0028
Transco 0063.C000 A - 01 1 Fuel and Waste fragment - - - 0.2 Discarded in lab (CKA) Product-general - coal - coal (F16030) quarried Transco 0063.C000 A - 01 2 Windows-Windows - glazing fragment - (CEA) (window glass) - plate Aqua, Light - glass (J20060) Total ST #0028 3 0.2 ST #0031
Transco 0069.C000 A - 01 1 Fuel and Waste fragment - - - 0.6 Discarded in lab (CKA) Product-general - coal - coal (F16030) quarried Transco 0069.C000 A - 01 2 Windows-Windows - glazing fragment - (CEA) (window glass) - plate Aqua, Light - glass (J20060) Total ST #0031 3 0.6 ST #0033
Transco 0074.C000 A - 01 1 Fabric-general - brick - box fragment w/2 1,098.0 2.10 3.30 with a gray core and (CAA) molded dimensions - glazed header - some Red - brick mortar on bed - (J20010) Discarded in lab Transco 0074.C000 A - 01 1 Fabric-general - brick - fragment - 0.7 Discarded in lab (CAA) unidentifiable Red - brick (J20010)
D-24 Appendix D - Artifact Inventory - Adelphia Gateway - Tilghman Lateral
Site Name Catnum Stratum CountObject - Manufacture Portion - Decoration Weight Height Length WidthMarks Comments Object co Material - de Transco Analytical Unit B - Topsoil
Construction and Waste Material
ST #0033
Transco 0074.C000 A - 01 8 Fuel and Waste fragment - - - 14.4 Discarded in lab (CKA) Product-general - coal - coal (F16030) quarried Transco 0074.C000 A - 01 2 Hardware-fasteners (general) - shank - - - fe (CGA) nail - wire cut (iron) (E15080) Transco 0074.C005 A - 01 1 Hardware-fasteners (general) - whole - - - fe 2.50 (CGA) nail - machine cut with cut (iron) head (E15080) Total ST #0033 13 1,113.1 ST #0034
Transco 0078.C000 A - 01 1 Fabric-general - brick - fragment - 1.4 Discarded in lab (CAA) unidentifiable Red - brick (J20010) Total ST #0034 1 1.4 ST #0035
Transco 0080.C000 A - 01 8 Fuel and Waste fragment - - - 3.9 Discarded in lab (CKA) Product-general - coal - coal (F16030) quarried Total ST #0035 8 3.9 ST #0036
Transco 0082.C000 A - 01 1 Fabric-general - brick - fragment - 1.1 Discarded in lab (CAA) unidentifiable Orange - brick (J20010) Transco 0082.C000 A - 01 9 Fuel and Waste fragment - - - 14.9 Discarded in lab (CKA) Product-general - coal - coal (F16030) quarried Total ST #0036 10 16.0 ST #0037
Transco 0084.C000 A - 01 2 Fuel and Waste fragment - - - 6.5 Discarded in lab (CKA) Product-general - coal - coal (F16030) quarried Transco 0084.C000 A - 01 1 Hardware-fasteners (general) - head and (CGA) nail - wire cut shank - - - fe (iron) (E15080)
D-25 Appendix D - Artifact Inventory - Adelphia Gateway - Tilghman Lateral
Site Name Catnum Stratum CountObject - Manufacture Portion - Decoration Weight Height Length WidthMarks Comments Object co Material - de Transco Analytical Unit B - Topsoil
Construction and Waste Material
ST #0037
Transco 0084.C000 A - 01 1 Hardware-fasteners (general) - shank - - - fe (CGA) nail - wire cut (iron) (E15080) Transco 0084.C000 A - 01 1 Fuel and Waste fragment - - - 0.6 Discarded in lab (CKA) Product-general - slag - coal (F16030) quarried Transco 0085.C000 B - 01 8 Fuel and Waste fragment - - - 4.6 and coal ash - (CKA) Product-general - coal - coal (F16030) Discarded in lab quarried Transco 0085.C000 B - 01 1 Hardware-fasteners (general) - head and heavily rusted (CGA) nail - unidentifiable shank - - - fe (iron) (E15080) Transco 0085.C000 B - 01 2 Fuel and Waste fragment - - - 16.6 Discarded in lab (CKA) Product-general - slag - coal (F16030) quarried Total ST #0037 16 28.3 ST #0038
Transco 0087.C000 A - 01 1 Hardware-fasteners (general) - shank - - - fe (CGA) nail - wire cut (iron) (E15080) Total ST #0038 1 0.0 ST #0040
Transco 0090.C000 B - 01 1 Fuel and Waste fragment - - - 0.5 Discarded in lab (CKA) Product-general - coal - coal (F16030) quarried Transco 0090.C000 B - 01 3 Hardware-fasteners (general) - shank - - - fe heavily rusted (CGA) nail - unidentifiable (iron) (E15080) Total ST #0040 4 0.5 ST #0041
Transco 0092.C000 A - 01 9 Fuel and Waste fragment - - - 5.6 Discarded in lab (CKA) Product-general - coal - coal (F16030) quarried Transco 0092.C000 A - 01 3 Hardware-fasteners (general) - shank - - - fe (CGA) nail - wire cut (iron) (E15080) Total ST #0041 12 5.6 D-26 Appendix D - Artifact Inventory - Adelphia Gateway - Tilghman Lateral
Site Name Catnum Stratum CountObject - Manufacture Portion - Decoration Weight Height Length WidthMarks Comments Object co Material - de Transco Analytical Unit B - Topsoil
Construction and Waste Material
ST #0044
Transco 0099.C000 A - 01 1 Fuel and Waste fragment - - - 1.2 Discarded in lab (CKA) Product-general - coal - coal (F16030) quarried Transco 0099.C000 A - 01 25 Windows-Windows - glazing fragment - (CEA) (window glass) - plate Aqua, Light - glass (J20060) Total ST #0044 26 1.2 ST #0045
Transco 0102.C000 A - 01 1 Fabric-general - brick - box fragment - 1.5 Discarded in lab (CAA) molded Red - brick (J20010) Total ST #0045 1 1.5
Total Construction and 209 2,169.4 Waste Material
Total Analytical Unit B - 523 2,169.4 Topsoil
D-27 Appendix D - Artifact Inventory - Adelphia Gateway - Tilghman Lateral
Site Name Catnum Stratum CountObject - Manufacture Portion - Decoration Weight Height Length WidthMarks Comments Object co Material - de Transco Analytical Unit C - Subsoil
Prehistoric Material
ST #0011
Transco 0027.P001 B - 01 1 Lithics - Core - - fragment - (PAI0000000) silicates (natural) White quartz (K21130) Total ST #0011 1 0.0 ST #0012
Transco 0029.P001 B - 01 1 Lithics - Waste fragment - flakes-unutilized - tertiary- silicates (PAL0300000) (natural) Grey quartzite (K21140) Transco 0029.P002 B - 01 1 Lithics - Tools-Biface - fragment - may be a projectile unidentifiable- (PAA9900000) silicates point fragment? (natural) Colorless quartz (K21130) Transco 0029.P003 B - 01 1 Lithics - Waste fragment - flakes-unutilized - blocky- silicates (PAL0400000) (natural) Grey quartz (K21130) Total ST #0012 3 0.0 ST #0023
Transco 0052.P001 B - 01 1 Lithics - Waste fragment - weathered - with cortex flakes-unutilized - primary- silicates - may be non-cultural (PAL0100000) (natural) Grey jasper (K21100) Total ST #0023 1 0.0 ST #0027
Transco 0061.P001 B - 01 1 Lithics - Waste fragment - flakes-unutilized - tertiary- silicates (PAL0300000) (natural) Brown jasper (K21100)
D-28 Appendix D - Artifact Inventory - Adelphia Gateway - Tilghman Lateral
Site Name Catnum Stratum CountObject - Manufacture Portion - Decoration Weight Height Length WidthMarks Comments Object co Material - de Transco Analytical Unit C - Subsoil
Prehistoric Material
ST #0027
Transco 0061.P002 B - 01 1 Lithics - Waste fragment - flakes-unutilized - blocky- silicates (PAL0400000) (natural) White quartz (K21130) Total ST #0027 2 0.0 ST #0033
Transco 0075.P001 B - 01 1 Lithics - Tools-Utilized flake - - fragment - possible utilized flake - (PAC0000000) silicates both sides are (natural) Grey weathered - with cortex jasper (K21100) Transco 0075.P002 B - 01 1 Lithics - Waste fragment - flakes-unutilized - secondary- silicates (PAL0200000) (natural) White quartz (K21130) Transco 0075.P003 B - 01 1 Lithics - Core - - fragment - (PAI0000000) silicates (natural) White quartz (K21130) Total ST #0033 3 0.0 ST #0035
Transco 0081.P001 B - 01 1 Lithics - Waste fragment - small amount of red flakes-unutilized - secondary- silicates from heat treating (PAL0200000) (natural) Brown jasper (K21100) Transco 0081.P002 B - 01 1 Lithics - Waste fragment - small amount of cortex flakes-unutilized - primary- silicates (PAL0100000) (natural) Variegated jasper (K21100) Total ST #0035 2 0.0 ST #0036
D-29 Appendix D - Artifact Inventory - Adelphia Gateway - Tilghman Lateral
Site Name Catnum Stratum CountObject - Manufacture Portion - Decoration Weight Height Length WidthMarks Comments Object co Material - de Transco Analytical Unit C - Subsoil
Prehistoric Material
ST #0036
Transco 0083.P001 B - 01 2 Lithics - Waste fragment - flakes-unutilized - tertiary- silicates (PAL0300000) (natural) Colorless quartz (K21130) Transco 0083.P002 B - 01 1 Lithics - Waste fragment - worn and weathered flakes-unutilized - secondary- silicates surface - lt. brown/white (PAL0200000) (natural) color Brown jasper (K21100) Transco 0083.P003 B - 01 1 Lithics - Waste fragment - flaked cobble - may be flakes-unutilized - primary- silicates natural - grayish (PAL0100000) (natural) Grey exterior unidentified (K21999) Transco 0083.P004 B - 01 1 Lithics - Waste fragment - flaked cobble - may be flakes-unutilized - primary- silicates non-cultural (PAL0100000) (natural) Red, Dark unidentified (K21999) Total ST #0036 5 0.0 ST #0037
Transco 0086.P001 C - 01 1 Lithics - Core - - fragment - tested cobble - light (PAI0000000) silicates brown - entire surface (natural) is weathered - with Brown jasper cortex (K21100) Total ST #0037 1 0.0 ST #0040
Transco 0091.P001 C - 01 1 Lithics - Waste fragment - fire-reddened? flakes-unutilized - tertiary- silicates (PAL0300000) (natural) Red, Light quartzite (K21140) Total ST #0040 1 0.0 ST #0044
D-30 Appendix D - Artifact Inventory - Adelphia Gateway - Tilghman Lateral
Site Name Catnum Stratum CountObject - Manufacture Portion - Decoration Weight Height Length WidthMarks Comments Object co Material - de Transco Analytical Unit C - Subsoil
Prehistoric Material
ST #0044
Transco 0100.P001 B - 01 1 Lithics - Waste fragment - flakes-unutilized - secondary- silicates (PAL0200000) (natural) Pink quartz (pink) (K21120) Transco 0100.P002 B - 01 1 Lithics - Waste fragment - both side are weathered flakes-unutilized - primary- silicates - with cortex - may have (PAL0100000) (natural) been utilized Brown jasper (K21100) Transco 0100.P003 B - 01 1 Lithics - Waste fragment - with some heat flakes-unutilized - primary- silicates treatment - cortex (PAL0100000) (natural) White jasper (K21100) Total ST #0044 3 0.0
Total Prehistoric Material 22 0.0
Household Ceramics
ST #0014
Transco 0033.A001 B - 01 1 Food Service-Table body glazed both sides - (ACG) Hollowware (non-glass) - small sherd Unidentifiable - Redware - undecorated-lead glaze-clear - (072.10) Total ST #0014 1 0.0 ST #0024
Transco 0054.A001 B - 01 1 Food-related(?)-Unidentifiable body (ADA) - Unidentifiable - American or European porcelain - hard white paste-undecorated - (053.00) Total ST #0024 1 0.0 ST #0025
D-31 Appendix D - Artifact Inventory - Adelphia Gateway - Tilghman Lateral
Site Name Catnum Stratum CountObject - Manufacture Portion - Decoration Weight Height Length WidthMarks Comments Object co Material - de Transco Analytical Unit C - Subsoil
Household Ceramics
ST #0025
Transco 0056.A001 B - 01 1 Food Service-Tableware body small sherd (ACX) (non-glass) - Unidentified (sherd-level ident.) - Whiteware/Ironstone - undecorated - (023.00) Total ST #0025 1 0.0 ST #0030
Transco 0068.A001 B - 01 1 Food-related(?)-Unidentifiable body unglazed exterior - no (ADA) - Unidentifiable - Redware - interior surface (072.00) Total ST #0030 1 0.0 ST #0034
Transco 0079.A001 B - 01 1 Food Storage-Unidentifiable - base unglazed exterior - no (AAZ) Unidentifiable - Redware - interior surface (072.00) Total ST #0034 1 0.0 ST #0035
Transco 0081.A001 B - 01 1 Food Storage-Pantry vessels - body unglazed exterior (AAA) Unidentifiable - Redware - undecorated-lead/mang. glaze-black - (072.12) Transco 0081.A002 B - 01 1 Food body unglazed exterior (ABZ) Preparation-Unidentifiable - - - Redware - undecorated-lead/mang. glaze-brown - (072.11) Total ST #0035 2 0.0 ST #0036
Transco 0083.A001 B - 01 1 Food-related(?)-Unidentifiable glaze chip glaze chip (ADA) - Unidentifiable - Redware - undecorated-lead/mang. glaze-brown - (072.11) Transco 0083.A002 B - 01 1 Food-related(?)-Unidentifiable paste (ADA) - Unidentifiable - Earthenware fragment - paste fragment-red bodied - (099.11)
D-32 Appendix D - Artifact Inventory - Adelphia Gateway - Tilghman Lateral
Site Name Catnum Stratum CountObject - Manufacture Portion - Decoration Weight Height Length WidthMarks Comments Object co Material - de Transco Analytical Unit C - Subsoil
Household Ceramics
Total ST #0036 2 0.0 ST #0044
Transco 0100.A001 B - 01 1 Food Storage-Unidentifiable - body turned grooves on (AAZ) Unidentifiable - Redware - exterior - opaque brown undecorated-lead/mang. lead/manganese glaze glaze-brown - (072.11) Transco 0100.A002 B - 01 1 Food Service-Tableware unidentifiable unglazed exterior (ACX) (non-glass) - Unidentified (sherd-level ident.) - Redware - undecorated-lead glaze-clear - (072.10) Transco 0100.A003 B - 01 1 Food-related(?)-Unidentifiable body glazed one side - no (ADA) - Unidentifiable - Redware - opposing surface undecorated-lead/mang. glaze-black - (072.12) Transco 0100.A004 B - 01 1 Food-related(?)-Unidentifiable body unglazed exterior - no (ADA) - Unidentifiable - Redware - opposing surface (072.00) Transco 0100.A005 B - 01 1 Food-related(?)-Unidentifiable fragment (ADA) - Unidentifiable - Earthenware - paste fragment-red bodied - (099.11) Total ST #0044 5 0.0
Total Household 14 0.0 Ceramics
Miscellaneous Personal and Small Finds
ST #0036
Transco 0083.M001 B - 01 1 Unidentifiable-Unidentifiable - fragment - fe - 0.80 metal strap? - heavily (MZZ) metal fragment-iron- - - sheet (iron) rusted (E15080) Transco 0083.M002 B - 01 2 Unidentifiable-Unidentifiable - fragment - undecorated 1 rim sherd - may be (MZZ) Unidentifiable - molded glass lamp chimney (J20060) Purple, Light Transco 0083.M003 B - 01 1 Unidentifiable-Unidentifiable - fragment - unidentifiable (MZZ) Unidentifiable - molded glass molded exterior (J20060) Colorless
D-33 Appendix D - Artifact Inventory - Adelphia Gateway - Tilghman Lateral
Site Name Catnum Stratum CountObject - Manufacture Portion - Decoration Weight Height Length WidthMarks Comments Object co Material - de Transco Analytical Unit C - Subsoil
Miscellaneous Personal and Small Finds
ST #0036
Transco 0083.M004 B - 01 1 Unidentifiable-Unidentifiable - fragment - undecorated partially melted (MZZ) Unidentifiable - unidentifiable glass (J20060) Aqua, Light Total ST #0036 5 0.0 ST #0041
Transco 0093.M001 B - 01 1 Household body - exterior applied unglazed both sides (MHG) furnishings-Plantings earthenware band (Inter./Exter.) - Flower (J20030) pots-earthenware-pot- - - Orange turned Transco 0093.M002 B - 01 1 Unidentifiable-Unidentifiable - fragment - narrow engaved (MZZ) Unidentifiable - plate glass line on one side (J20060) Aqua, Light Total ST #0041 2 0.0 ST #0044
Transco 0100.M000 B - 01 1 Unidentifiable-Unidentifiable - fragment - - (MZZ) glass chip-milk glass- - - glass molded (J20060) Milk Glass Transco 0100.M000 B - 01 1 Unidentifiable-Unidentifiable - fragment - narrow ridge on safety glass? (MZZ) Unidentifiable - molded glass exterior (J20060) Colorless Total ST #0044 2 0.0
Total Miscellaneous 9 0.0 Personal and Small Finds
Glass Bottles and Commercial Containers
ST #0012
Transco 0029.G001 B - 01 1 - Lid - liner - - Closures Jars - fragment - undec. Mason jar lid liner (GBB) molded glass - Milk Glass Total ST #0012 1 0.0
D-34 Appendix D - Artifact Inventory - Adelphia Gateway - Tilghman Lateral
Site Name Catnum Stratum CountObject - Manufacture Portion - Decoration Weight Height Length WidthMarks Comments Object co Material - de Transco Analytical Unit C - Subsoil
Glass Bottles and Commercial Containers
ST #0022
Transco 0050.G001 B - 01 1 Bottle - Beverage - Containers body - glass - undec. (GAZ) - Unidentifiable - molded Colorless Total ST #0022 1 0.0 ST #0024
Transco 0054.G001 B - 01 2 Bottle - Beverage - Containers body - glass - undec. join (GAZ) - Unidentifiable - molded Colorless Total ST #0024 2 0.0 ST #0028
Transco 0064.G001 B - 01 1 Bottle - Beverage - Containers body - glass - undec. (GAZ) - Unidentifiable - molded Colorless Total ST #0028 1 0.0 ST #0035
Transco 0081.G001 B - 01 2 Bottle - Containers - finish-neck - undec. join (GAZ) Unidentifiable - molded glass - Aqua, Light Total ST #0035 2 0.0 ST #0036
Transco 0083.G001 B - 01 1 Bottle - Beverage - Containers finish - glass - undec. (GAZ) - Unidentifiable - molded Aqua, Light Total ST #0036 1 0.0 ST #0041
Transco 0093.G001 B - 01 1 Bottle - Containers - 101 - curved undec. oval body shape? (GAZ) Unidentifiable - molded - general - body - glass - Colorless Total ST #0041 1 0.0 ST #0044
Transco 0100.G001 B - 01 1 - Vials - Unidentifiable - - 105 - undec. pontil scar on base - (GAF) Containers - Medicine - blown cylindrical - small diameter bottle general - base - glass - Aqua, Dark
D-35 Appendix D - Artifact Inventory - Adelphia Gateway - Tilghman Lateral
Site Name Catnum Stratum CountObject - Manufacture Portion - Decoration Weight Height Length WidthMarks Comments Object co Material - de Transco Analytical Unit C - Subsoil
Glass Bottles and Commercial Containers
ST #0044
Transco 0100.G002 B - 01 1 Bottle - Wine - - Containers - 101 - curved undec. (GAA) Alcoholic beverages - blown - general - body - glass - Olive Green Transco 0100.G003 B - 01 1 Bottle - Containers - 101 - curved undec. (GAZ) Unidentifiable - molded - general - body - glass - Colorless Total ST #0044 3 0.0
Total Glass Bottles and 12 0.0 Commercial Containers
Construction and Waste Material
ST #0004
Transco 0011.C000 C - 01 2 Windows-Windows - glazing fragment - (CEA) (window glass) - plate Aqua, Light - glass (J20060) Total ST #0004 2 0.0 ST #0006
Transco 0016.C000 B - 01 2 Fuel and Waste fragment - - - 0.6 Discarded in lab (CKA) Product-general - coal - coal (F16030) quarried Transco 0016.C000 B - 01 1 Hardware-fasteners (general) - shank - - - fe encrusted (CGA) nail - unidentifiable (iron) (E15080) Total ST #0006 3 0.6 ST #0008
Transco 0020.C000 B - 01 1 Roofing-material - shingles - fragment - 4.2 (CBA) cut and ground Gray - slate (M23230) Total ST #0008 1 4.2 ST #0013
D-36 Appendix D - Artifact Inventory - Adelphia Gateway - Tilghman Lateral
Site Name Catnum Stratum CountObject - Manufacture Portion - Decoration Weight Height Length WidthMarks Comments Object co Material - de Transco Analytical Unit C - Subsoil
Construction and Waste Material
ST #0013
Transco 0031.C000 B - 01 2 Fabric-general - brick - fragment - 8.1 Discarded in lab (CAA) machine made Red - brick (J20010) Transco 0031.C000 B - 01 8 Fuel and Waste fragment - - - 3.3 Discarded in lab (CKA) Product-general - coal - coal (F16030) quarried Transco 0031.C000 B - 01 5 Fabric-general - mortar - fragment - 18.8 with sand temper - (CAA) ground and mixed Gray - mortar Discarded in lab (P26050) Total ST #0013 15 30.2 ST #0014
Transco 0033.C000 B - 01 3 Fuel and Waste fragment - - - 1.5 Discarded in lab (CKA) Product-general - coal - coal (F16030) quarried Total ST #0014 3 1.5 ST #0016
Transco 0037.C000 B - 01 1 Fuel and Waste fragment - - - 2.6 Discarded in lab (CKA) Product-general - coal - coal (F16030) quarried Total ST #0016 1 2.6 ST #0022
Transco 0050.C000 B - 01 1 Fuel and Waste fragment - - - 0.3 Discarded in lab (CKA) Product-general - coal - coal (F16030) quarried Total ST #0022 1 0.3 ST #0025
Transco 0056.C000 B - 01 5 Fuel and Waste fragment - - - 4.5 Discarded in lab (CKA) Product-general - coal - coal (F16030) quarried Total ST #0025 5 4.5 ST #0027
Transco 0061.C000 B - 01 1 Fuel and Waste fragment - - - 1.1 Discarded in lab (CKA) Product-general - coal - coal (F16030) quarried
D-37 Appendix D - Artifact Inventory - Adelphia Gateway - Tilghman Lateral
Site Name Catnum Stratum CountObject - Manufacture Portion - Decoration Weight Height Length WidthMarks Comments Object co Material - de Transco Analytical Unit C - Subsoil
Construction and Waste Material
ST #0027
Transco 0061.C000 B - 01 1 Hardware-fasteners (general) - head and (CGA) nail - Wrought or Cut shank - - - fe (iron) (E15080) Total ST #0027 2 1.1 ST #0035
Transco 0081.C000 B - 01 1 Windows-Windows - glazing fragment - (CEA) (window glass) - plate Aqua, Light - glass (J20060) Total ST #0035 1 0.0 ST #0036
Transco 0083.C000 B - 01 5 Fuel and Waste fragment - - - 5.8 Discarded in lab (CKA) Product-general - coal - coal (F16030) quarried Total ST #0036 5 5.8 ST #0041
Transco 0093.C000 B - 01 1 Fuel and Waste fragment - - - 0.1 Discarded in lab (CKA) Product-general - coal - coal (F16030) quarried Transco 0093.C000 B - 01 2 Windows-Windows - glazing fragment - (CEA) (window glass) - plate Aqua, Light - glass (J20060) Transco 0093.C000 B - 01 1 Hardware-fasteners (general) - shank - - - fe (CGA) nail - unidentifiable (iron) (E15080) Total ST #0041 4 0.1 ST #0044
Transco 0100.C000 B - 01 4 Windows-Windows - glazing fragment - (CEA) (window glass) - plate Aqua, Light - glass (J20060) Transco 0100.C000 B - 01 1 Hardware-fasteners (general) - head and (CGA) nail - machine cut with cut shank - - - fe head (iron) (E15080)
D-38 Appendix D - Artifact Inventory - Adelphia Gateway - Tilghman Lateral
Site Name Catnum Stratum CountObject - Manufacture Portion - Decoration Weight Height Length WidthMarks Comments Object co Material - de Transco Analytical Unit C - Subsoil
Construction and Waste Material
Total ST #0044 5 0.0
Total Construction and 48 50.9 Waste Material
Total Analytical Unit C - 105 50.9 Subsoil
D-39 Appendix D - Artifact Inventory - Adelphia Gateway - Tilghman Lateral
Site Name Catnum Stratum CountObject - Manufacture Portion - Decoration Weight Height Length WidthMarks Comments Object co Material - de Total Transco 715 2,282.5
D-40 Appendix D - Artifact Inventory - Adelphia Gateway - Tilghman Lateral
Site Name Catnum Stratum CountObject - Manufacture Portion - Decoration Weight Height Length WidthMarks Comments Object co Material - de Tilghman Lateral Analytical Unit A - Fill Strata
Household Ceramics
ST #0003
Tilghman Lateral 0310.A001 C - 01 1 Food Service-Tableware body small sherd (ACX) (non-glass) - Unidentified (sherd-level ident.) - White Granite - undecorated - (036.00) - slip cast Tilghman Lateral 0310.A002 C - 01 1 Food-related(?)-Unidentifiable glaze chip glaze chip (ADA) - Unidentifiable - Whiteware/Ironstone - undecorated - (023.00) Total ST #0003 2 0.0
Total Household 2 0.0 Ceramics
Miscellaneous Personal and Small Finds
ST #0003
Tilghman Lateral 0310.M000 C - 01 1 Unidentifiable-Unidentifiable - chips - glass - (MZZ) glass chip-aqua- - - (J20060) unidentifiable Aqua, Dark Tilghman Lateral 0310.M000 C - 01 2 Unidentifiable-Unidentifiable - fragment - fe - 1 small rectangular - 1 (MZZ) metal fragment-iron- - - sheet (iron) irregular shaped - both (E15080) heavily rusted Total ST #0003 3 0.0
Total Miscellaneous 3 0.0 Personal and Small Finds
Glass Bottles and Commercial Containers
ST #0002
Tilghman Lateral 0306.G000 D - 01 1 Bottle - Containers - body - glass - undec. (GAZ) Unidentifiable - molded Colorless Total ST #0002 1 0.0 ST #0003
Tilghman Lateral 0310.G000 C - 01 1 Bottle - Containers - base - glass - undec. (GAZ) Unidentifiable - molded Colorless
D-41 Appendix D - Artifact Inventory - Adelphia Gateway - Tilghman Lateral
Site Name Catnum Stratum CountObject - Manufacture Portion - Decoration Weight Height Length WidthMarks Comments Object co Material - de Tilghman Lateral Analytical Unit A - Fill Strata
Glass Bottles and Commercial Containers
Total ST #0003 1 0.0
Total Glass Bottles and 2 0.0 Commercial Containers
Total Analytical Unit A - 7 0.0 Fill Strata
D-42 Appendix D - Artifact Inventory - Adelphia Gateway - Tilghman Lateral
Site Name Catnum Stratum CountObject - Manufacture Portion - Decoration Weight Height Length WidthMarks Comments Object co Material - de Total Tilghman Lateral 7 0.0
D-43 Appendix D - Artifact Inventory - Adelphia Gateway - Tilghman Lateral
Site Name Catnum Stratum CountObject - Manufacture Portion - Decoration Weight Height Length WidthMarks Comments Object co Material - de Grand Total: 722 2,282.5
D-44
July 2, 2019
NV5 Attn: Sara Holmes, Environmental Scientist 1315 Walnut Street, Suite 900 Philadelphia, PA 19107
RE: ER 2017-2210-042-D – FERC: Phase I Archaeological Survey Report, Adelphia Gateway Project, Transco Meter Station and Tilghman Lateral, Lower Chichester Township and Trainer Borough, Delaware County
Dear Ms. Holmes:
Thank you for submitting this report for the above referenced project. The Pennsylvania State Historic Preservation Office (PA SHPO) reviews projects in accordance with state and federal laws. Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, and the implementing regulations (36 CFR Part 800) of the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, is the primary federal legislation. The Environmental Rights amendment, Article 1, Section 27 of the Pennsylvania Constitution and the Pennsylvania History Code, 37 Pa. Cons. Stat. Section 500 et seq.(1988) is the primary state legislation. These laws include consideration of the project’s potential effects on both historic and archaeological resources.
This report indicates that the Walker Goodley Allen Site (36DE0188) will be avoided by project impacts and preserved in place. It is our understanding that protective fencing will be installed to provide a 25-foot buffer around the area of the archaeological site. We agree that this avoidance area should be identified as such on the project construction plans and that there shall be no project related activity taking place within the protected archaeological site area.
Provided that this avoidance plan is adhered to, we agree with the recommendation that no further archaeological work is necessary for this project.
If you have any questions or comments concerning our review for archaeological resources, please contact Mark Shaffer at [email protected] or (717) 783-9900,
Sincerely,
Douglas C. McLearen, Chief Division of Environmental Review
Commonwealth Keystone Building | 400 North Street | 2nd Floor | Harrisburg, PA 17120 | 717.783.8947
Sara Holmes
From: Jean Howson Sent: Monday, July 8, 2019 12:52 PM To: Sara Holmes Subject: FW: [External] RE: Protective fencing - 25' buffer zone
Categories: Cultural
Sara,
Mark Shaffer at PHMC did not return my call but he emailed. Please see the exchange below. I am sorry this took so much back‐and‐forth but I think you’ll agree that it was indeed a bit confusing.
The meter station’s perimeter is shown on the map that we submitted to PHMC. That perimeter is the limit of disturbance (other than the ditch and driveway), and a perimeter fence will provide the required protection for the archaeological site during and after construction.
Jean
Jean Howson | Cultural Resources Specialist | NV5 7 Campus Drive, Suite 300 | Parsippany, NJ 07054 | P: 973.946.5651 | F: 973.984.5421
From: Shaffer, Mark (PHMC) [mailto:[email protected]] Sent: Monday, July 08, 2019 12:34 PM To: Jean Howson Subject: RE: [External] RE: Protective fencing - 25' buffer zone
Affirmative. Thanks, Jean.
Mark
From: Jean Howson
Mark,
Yes this seems best.
To be clear, the area shown with a red rectangle on the maps is the meter station area, which will have a permanent perimeter fence. No project activity will take place outside this area (except for the ditch and access drive, which are well away from the identified site).
If you don’t mind one more back‐and‐forth: If you respond to this email in the affirmative, I can share it with Adelphia – we have a conference call this afternoon.
Jean
Jean Howson | Cultural Resources Specialist | NV5
1 7 Campus Drive, Suite 300 | Parsippany, NJ 07054 | P: 973.946.5651 | F: 973.984.5421
From: Shaffer, Mark (PHMC) [mailto:[email protected]] Sent: Monday, July 08, 2019 10:46 AM To: Jean Howson Subject: RE: [External] RE: Protective fencing - 25' buffer zone
Yes, We think the 25’ buffer will be fine, provided there is no project activity within the site area or within the buffer zone. A concern with a temporary fence is that once the project is constructed, people may forget about why the fence was installed in the first place. This could become an issue if in the future, someone needs to get into this area for maintenance, repairs, etc. You suggest the fence will presumably be permanent. We feel that a permanent fence is the best way to deal with this. Does this make sense to you?
From: Jean Howson
ATTENTION: This email message is from an external sender. Do not open links or attachments from unknown sources. To report suspicious email, forward the message as an attachment to [email protected].
Hello Mark,
The client reads your letter as meaning that they need to install a fence surrounding the identified archaeological site, with a 25’ buffer, and wants to know if it can be a temporary fence to be put in place during construction. I read your letter as meaning that their perimeter fence around the meter station, since it is 25’ from the site, will provide an adequate buffer as long as there is no project activity outside it. That fence will presumably be permanent. Sorry for the confusion!
Jean
Jean Howson | Cultural Resources Specialist | NV5 7 Campus Drive, Suite 300 | Parsippany, NJ 07054 | P: 973.946.5651 | F: 973.984.5421
From: Shaffer, Mark (PHMC) [mailto:[email protected]] Sent: Monday, July 08, 2019 9:40 AM To: Jean Howson Subject: Protective fencing - 25' buffer zone
Jean – Concerning the voice mail message you left for me last week, your Phase I report states that ST 12, which produced two Pe‐Contact artifacts, was sited 25’ outside the proposed Transco Meter station boundary. The report goes on to state that ideally, a 50’ buffer is established between a known site and the area subject to subsurface impacts. The report states that because testing surrounding ST 12 was negative for Pre‐Contact material, a 25’ buffer should be adequate. We agreed with this in our review letter. You indicated in your message that the client wants clarification. What need s to be clarified?
Mark
Mark D. Shaffer/Historic Preservation Specialist PHMC/PA State Historic Preservation Office 400 North Street, Second Floor/ Hbg PA 17120 Phone: 717‐783‐9900 Fax: 717‐7720920
2 Call Log Date: October 15, 2019 From: Jean Howson, NV5 Time: 11:00 am To: Mark Shaffer, PA SHPO Topic: Acquisition of ATWS (homestead) at Quakertown – ER # 2017-2210-042
Summary of Discussion: Left message - explained that client has acquired farmstead property for TWS for Quakertown CS. We surveyed the farmstead for above-ground (visual impacts) and it is not eligible, but we had never evaluated for archaeology as it was outside the archaeological APE. Would like to discuss.
Follow Up Action: Wait for call back or follow up with a call.
Call Log Date: October 21, 2019 From: Mark Shaffer, PA SHPO Time: 1:00 pm To: Jean Howson, NV5 Topic: Acquisition of ATWS (homestead) at Quakertown – ER # 2017-2210-042
Summary of Discussion: Left message, returning call of 10/15. Mark asked for additional information on the property, he cannot locate the completed survey forms in their file. He specifically needs historic dates for property, any available description, photos. Also asked for our opinion as to potential archaeological significance.
Follow Up Action: Send copies of the Agricultural Property Abbreviated Historic Resource Survey Form for the property (Key #098089).
Sara Holmes
From: Shaffer, Mark (PHMC)
Follow Up Flag: Follow up Flag Status: Flagged
Categories: Cultural
Jean, Sara – If the property is not going to be disturbed by an undertaking, then I do not feel archaeology would be an issue.
Mark
From: Jean Howson
Mark,
Following up: our architectural historian sent me these additional photos from his 2017 survey. Also, he sent his notes, and based on the deeds he looked at, the property may have been developed as early as 1767, though the house has that 1827 date. He did not look further, as he found the farmstead not eligible due to loss of integrity.
In general, if a property is acquired and then sold, but not disturbed by an undertaking, does it fall within the archaeological APE?
Jean
Jean Howson | Cultural Resources Specialist | NV5 7 Campus Drive, Suite 300 | Parsippany, NJ 07054 | P: 973.946.5651 | F: 973.984.5421
From: Shaffer, Mark (PHMC)
Jean – You state below that Adelphia will be using the property for office space. Is the office space going to be in the existing farmhouse, or are they saying they are going to demolish the farmhouse and create a new office space?
Mark
1 From: Jean Howson
ATTENTION: This email message is from an external sender. Do not open links or attachments from unknown sources. To report suspicious email, forward the message as an attachment to [email protected].
Hi Mark,
So sorry I missed your call. I’m attaching the Agricultural Property Abbreviated Historic Resource Survey Form that was prepared and sent to PHMC. The Key # is oddly missing from the copy of the form, but it is 098089. The farmstead dates to 1827. It had been surveyed originally back in 1991 as the Heinrich Plank Farm and recommended as potentially eligible. But our architectural historian said not, based on loss of integrity, per the form, and PHMC concurred. I’ll look for and send additional photographs showing the property if I can find them.
Please call me, however, to discuss the issue of impacts – Adelphia will be using the property (which they have acquired) for office space. I have a conference call from 2 to 3 pm today but after that is fine.
Thank you,
Jean
Jean Howson | Cultural Resources Specialist | NV5 7 Campus Drive, Suite 300 | Parsippany, NJ 07054 | P: 973.946.5651 | F: 973.984.5421
2 Sara Holmes
From: Katie Shafer Sent: Thursday, March 19, 2020 1:52 PM To: '[email protected]' Subject: Adelphia Gateway Project Update (ER # 2017-2210-042) Attachments: 20200319_Quakertown_ENV_ATWS AR Map.pdf; 20200319_ltr_from_NV5 _to_PHMC_changes to Quakertown_FINAL.pdf
Good Afternoon Mr. McLearen,
On behalf of Adelphia Gateway, LLC, NV5 is submitting the attached documents to inform you of changes to the Adelphia Gateway Project. Additionally, a hard copy will be sent out via the USPS this afternoon.
Best,
Katie Shafer | Staff Scientist | NV5 C: 530.200.5711
Electronic Communications Disclaimer
1
March 19, 2019
Douglas C. McLearen, Chief Division of Archaeology and Protection Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission State Historic Preservation Office 400 North Street Commonwealth Keystone Building, 2nd Floor Harrisburg, PA 17120-0093
Subject: ER # 2017-2210-042 Adelphia Gateway Project Continuing Section 106 Consultation
Dear Mr. McLearen,
On behalf of Adelphia Gateway, LLC (Adelphia), NV5 is submitting this letter to inform you of changes to the Adelphia Gateway Project (Project), as follows:
Quakertown Compressor Station, Bucks County
Adelphia proposes to use approximately 7 acres of agricultural and residential land east and adjacent to the existing Quakertown Meter Station in Bucks County as additional temporary workspace (ATWS) and associated access roads during Project construction. The ATWS would be used for office space, parking, equipment staging, and light fabrication activities. The ATWS and access roads would be returned to pre- construction conditions upon Project completion.
The new proposed ATWS encompasses the historic Heinrich Plank House/Henry Blank Homestead (Key #098089), which was previously evaluated for the Project as an above-ground resource, as it was within the original visual impact area. It was found not to be National Register eligible. Because this historic property lay outside the original archaeological area of potential effects (APE), it was not evaluated for archaeological potential. Adelphia has already purchased the parcel.
Although the Pre-Contact Probability Model maps the area as having high potential, testing for an existing pipeline (see ER #1993-3905-042-J) that crosses the proposed workspace failed to produce any artifacts or identify any features. The proposed Project site is a minimum of 2,000 feet from the nearest permanent watercourses (Butter Creek, Morgan Creek, and a Tohikon Creek tributary). It is not considered to have potential for precontact resources.
The Henry Blank Homestead (Key #098089) is considered sensitive for historic-period archaeological resources associated with the early farmstead. The farmstead dwelling is dated to 1827, but deed evidence suggests this property may actually have been developed as early the 1760s. Project impacts include use of the former farmstead dwelling as office space during the Project and proposed access roads that are located approximately 275 feet west of the farmstead dwelling.
March 19, 2019
Based on the lack of potential impacts to sensitive areas within the Henry Blank Homestead (Key #098089), no archaeological testing is recommended. If Project plans change, the need for testing should be re-evaluated.
If you have any questions or require additional information, please contact me at (727) 565-9895 or via e-mail at [email protected].
Sincerely,
Sara Holmes Environmental Scientist NV5
30'
30'
¹ 0 45 90 180 Feet
LEGEND Proposed Additional Temporary Workspace
Proposed Access Road M P
9
www.NV5.com 1 : 7 2 : 2
DD 3/19/2020 1
DRAWN BY
Adelphia Gateway Project DESIGNED BY DD 3/19/2020 0 2 0
Quakertown East ATWS 2 CHECKED BY XXX XX/XX/18 / 9 1
XXX XX/XX/18 and Access Road / APPROVED BY 3 NV5 JOB NO. 527317-0000050.00 Quakertown, PA PLOT SCALE 1:1 r e
MODEL ID XXXXXX SCALE DRAWING NUMBER REV d u REV DESCRIPTION CHK DATE APP DATE AS SHOWN Quakertown_ENV_Map_080219 1 K
April 6, 2020
Sara Holmes NV 5
RE: ER No. 2017-2210-042-E; FERC: Adelphia Gateway Project; Quakertown Compressor Station, Bucks County
Dear Ms. Holmes,
Thank you for submitting information concerning the above referenced project. The Pennsylvania State Historic Preservation Office (PA SHPO) reviews projects in accordance with state and federal laws. Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, and the implementing regulations (36 CFR Part 800) of the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, is the primary federal legislation. The Environmental Rights amendment, Article 1, Section 27 of the Pennsylvania Constitution and the Pennsylvania History Code, 37 Pa. Cons. Stat. Section 500 et seq. (1988) is the primary state legislation. These laws include consideration of the project's potential effects on both historic and archaeological resources.
Based on the information received and available within our files, it is our opinion that the proposed project will have No Effect on historic properties, including archaeological sites, historic buildings, districts, structures, and/or objects.
Should you encounter archaeological resources during construction and/or be made aware of historic property concerns, please contact our office at (717) 783-8947 for reconsideration of the project.
Sincerely,
Douglas C. McLearen, Chief Division of Environmental Review
Commonwealth Keystone Building | 400 North Street | 2nd Floor | Harrisburg, PA 17120 | 717.783.8947