DOCSLIB.ORG

Iran: Foreign Policy Challenges and Choices

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Iran: Foreign Policy Challenges and Choices Iran: Foreign Policy Challenges and Choices Empowering the Democratic Opposition Caption: Si-o-Se Pol, Bridge of 33 Arches, Esfahan, Iran Photo: Simon Richard Iran: Foreign Policy Challenges and Choices Empowering the Democratic Opposition November 2006 Neither the DLA Piper nor the GlobalOptions reports were prepared under the direction, control, or with any financing from MEK or NCRI. © DLA Piper US LLP 2006 Table of Contents Illustration: Map of Iran ....................................................................................... 2 Table of Acronyms ............................................................................................... 3 A New Approach to US Iran Policy: A Response to the Failure of Engagement ......................................................... 5 Independent Assessment of the Mujahedin-e Khalq and National Council of Resistance of Iran .................................................... 109 DLA Piper US LLP was retained by an American citizen to examine the threat that Iran poses to the United States and to evaluate various policy alternatives for a prospective response. DLA Piper has produced Iran: Foreign Policy Challenges and Choices. Further, DLA Piper subsequently commissioned GlobalOptions to produce its own report, Independent Assessment of the Mujahedin-e Khalq and National Council of Resistance of Iran. Both reports are included in this publication. IRAN: FOREIGN POLICY CHALLENGES AND CHOICES 1 Map of Iran L Bonab L Ramsar L Natanz Arak I Saghand I Bushehr L Research reactor Arak (heavy water Esfahan (uranium plant) conversion plant) I Uranium mine Bushehr (nuclear Natanz (uranium reactor) enrichment plant) Source: 1155/New Scientist Global Security 2 IRAN: FOREIGN POLICY CHALLENGES AND CHOICES Table of Acronyms ALF Arab Liberation Front APC Armored Personnel Carrier ANO Abu Nidal Organizaton CIA Central Intelligence Agency DFLP Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine EU-3 United Kingdom, France, and Germany FPMR/D Manual Rodriguez Patriotic Front Dissidents FTO Foreign Terrorist Organization IACNV Iranian-American Community of Northern Virginia IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency ICCO Islamic Culture and Communications Organization IED International Educational Development IRA Irish Republican Army IRNA Islamic Republic News Agency (official news agency of Iran) IRP Islamic Republican Party (party of Ayatollah Khomeini) JAG Judge Advocate General Corps KDP Kurdish Democratic Party MEK Mujahedin-e Khalq MIPT National Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism MP Member of Parliament NLA National Liberation Army (part of MEK) NPT Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons NSC National Security Council NSDD National Security Decision Directive NCRI National Council of Resistance of Iran PLF Palestine Liberation Front PLO Palestine Liberation Organization PMOI People’s Mujahedin Organization of Iran (also known as MEK) PUK Patriotic Union of Kurdistan RIRA Real Irish Republican Army SAVAK Organization for Intelligence and National Security (Iran), from the Farsi Sazeman-i Ettelaat va Amniyat-i Keshvar UNHCR Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees EMPOWERING THE DEMOCRATIC OPPOSITION 3 4 IRAN: FOREIGN POLICY CHALLENGES AND CHOICES A New Approach to US Iran Policy: A Response to the Failure of Engagement Prepared by DLA Piper US LLP, November 2006 Foreword Many Americans today are understandably concerned over the increasing power of the fundamentalist Islamic Republic of Iran and the rapidly growing threat that it poses to the United States’ security interests. Especially disturbing are the regime’s efforts to acquire nuclear weapons technology while it acts as the leading state sponsor of global terrorism. This concern has been underscored in recent months by Iranian president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, whose rhetoric has increased the level of tension throughout the region. In that context, DLA Piper was retained by a concerned Iranian American to objectively examine the threat that Iran poses to the United States and to evaluate various policy alternatives for a prospective response. This report takes on particular relevance in the aftermath of the 2006 Congressional elections as decision-makers grapple with the question of Iraq policy. A relevant question in the debate centers on the role of Iran’s expanding influence over affairs in Iraq and the short- and long-term consequences of Tehran’s projection of Islamic fundamentalist power in Iraq and throughout the region. Our conclusion is that the two most frequently cited options for addressing the Iranian threat – direct military confrontation and continued “soft” engagement – are untenable and will offer no effective solutions. We believe, as do many others, that a response which has significant potential is the adoption of a policy of regime change through active support for organizations that advocate for democracy in Iran. There are a number of these organizations but one of the groups is the Mujahedin-e Khalq (MEK), an organization currently listed by the United States, United Kingdom, and European Union as a Foreign Terrorist Organization (FTO), and currently located primarily at Camp Ashref, Iraq. Belief in the MEK and its goals has attracted a substantial body of informed opinion and international support. Indeed, since the MEK was first designated an FTO in October 1997, the public support for removing it from the list has been widespread, including a non-partisan group of 220 members of the US Congress, 331 members of Parliament and 122 members of the House of Lords in the United Kingdom, and many EMPOWERING THE DEMOCRATIC OPPOSITION 5 European Union parliamentarians, as well as Iraqi officials and members of the US military forces in Iraq. As a result of the contradiction between the MEK’s designation as an FTO and the strong international support it has attracted, we were also asked to compile and analyze publicly available materials and to assess whether the designation is valid and should be maintained. In the course of our review, we have examined a wide range of documentary sources. These sources include print media, reports by major foreign policy think tanks and NGOs, statements by US and foreign government officials, and comments by US military personnel in Iraq. Based on this review, we have prepared a detailed report which analyzes the situation based on the historical record. As a result of our analysis, we believe there are ample grounds to conclude that the MEK and a broader coalition of organizations of which the MEK is a part, the National Council of Resistance of Iran (NCRI), should be removed from the US list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations. Because the pace of events is so dynamic in the region, we will continue to update this report as developments warrant. – Dick Armey – Neil Livingstone 6 IRAN: FOREIGN POLICY CHALLENGES AND CHOICES Table of Contents Executive Summary............................................................................................ 10 I. The Iranian Threat to the United States ....................................................... 12 A. Iran’s Nuclear Program............................................................................... 12 B. Iran as an Obstacle to Peace .................................................................... 21 1. Iran’s Support for Terrorism .................................................................... 21 2. Iran’s Terrorism and Meddling in Afghanistan and Iraq ........................... 25 C. Iran’s Abysmal Human Rights Record ........................................................ 30 1. Iran’s Exploitation of Islam....................................................................... 30 2. No Freedom of Speech and Association................................................. 31 3. Violations of Religious Freedom.............................................................. 32 4. Denial of Women’s Fundamental Rights ................................................. 33 5. Torture and Inhumane Treatment by Iranian Officials ............................. 34 II. Options for Responding to Iran...................................................................... 36 A. The Risk of US Military Intervention........................................................... 36 B. Continuing the Policy of Engagement ........................................................ 39 C. Supporting the Iranian Opposition.............................................................. 44 III. Removal of MEK/NCRI from the FTO List .................................................... 50 A. The MEK/NCRI ........................................................................................... 50 1. The Formation and Subsequent Destruction of MEK ............................. 52 2. Re-establishment of MEK........................................................................ 53 EMPOWERING THE DEMOCRATIC OPPOSITION 7 3. MEK’s Opposition to the Theocracy ........................................................ 54 4. Exile in Paris ............................................................................................ 55 5. Movement to Iraq ..................................................................................... 55 6. MEK at Camp Ashraf ............................................................................... 56 7. MEK’s Response to US Invasion of Iraq in March 2003 ......................... 57 8. International Support for MEK ................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • International Crisis and Neutrality: United States Foreign Policy Toward the Iran-Iraq War
    Mercer Law Review Volume 43 Number 2 Lead Articles I - The Legal Article 1 Implications of a Nation at War 3-1992 International Crisis and Neutrality: United States Foreign Policy Toward the Iran-Iraq War Francis A. Boyle Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.mercer.edu/jour_mlr Part of the International Law Commons, and the Military, War, and Peace Commons Recommended Citation Boyle, Francis A. (1992) "International Crisis and Neutrality: United States Foreign Policy Toward the Iran- Iraq War," Mercer Law Review: Vol. 43 : No. 2 , Article 1. Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.mercer.edu/jour_mlr/vol43/iss2/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Mercer Law School Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Mercer Law Review by an authorized editor of Mercer Law School Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LEAD ARTICLES International Crisis and Neutrality: United States Foreign Policy Toward the Iran-Iraq War by Francis A. Boyle* Prescript This Article was written in 1986 and submitted to the University of New Orleans Symposium on Neutrality. The Article reflects the author's analysis regarding the United States military intervensionism into the Middle East with a special focus on the Persian Gulf region. The author analyzes the United States' policies to divide-and-conquer the Arab oil * Professor of International Law, University of Illinois College of Law, Champaign, Illi- nois. University of Chicago (A.B., 1971); Harvard Law School (J.D., magna cum laude, 1976); Harvard University (A.M., 1978 and Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • The Doolittle Family in America, 1856
    TheDoolittlefamilyinAmerica WilliamFrederickDoolittle,LouiseS.Brown,MalissaR.Doolittle THE DOOLITTLE F AMILY IN A MERICA (PART I V.) YCOMPILED B WILLIAM F REDERICK DOOLITTLE, M. D. Sacred d ust of our forefathers, slumber in peace! Your g raves be the shrine to which patriots wend, And swear tireless vigilance never to cease Till f reedom's long struggle with tyranny end. :" ' :,. - -' ; ., :; .—Anon. 1804 Thb S avebs ft Wa1ts Pr1nt1ng Co., Cleveland Look w here we may, the wide earth o'er, Those l ighted faces smile no more. We t read the paths their feet have worn, We s it beneath their orchard trees, We h ear, like them, the hum of bees And rustle of the bladed corn ; We turn the pages that they read, Their w ritten words we linger o'er, But in the sun they cast no shade, No voice is heard, no sign is made, No s tep is on the conscious floor! Yet Love will dream and Faith will trust (Since He who knows our need is just,) That somehow, somewhere, meet we must. Alas for him who never sees The stars shine through his cypress-trees ! Who, hopeless, lays his dead away, \Tor looks to see the breaking day \cross the mournful marbles play ! >Vho hath not learned in hours of faith, The t ruth to flesh and sense unknown, That Life is ever lord of Death, ; #..;£jtfl Love" ca:1 -nt ver lose its own! V°vOl' THE D OOLITTLE FAMILY V.PART I SIXTH G ENERATION. The l ife given us by Nature is short, but the memory of a well-spent life is eternal.
    [Show full text]
  • Vol. 24, No. 6, Jul, 1979
    SNffUBK* >raft Perspectives, 1979-1980 THE SHIFT IN GLOBAL POLITICS AND THE NEED FOR X :^ A PHILOSOPHY OF REVOLUTION In this special issue we are publishing our Draft Perspectives Thesis, part of our preparation for tbjSnitional gathering of News and Letters Committees over Labor Day weekend. We are asking you to join in me discus­ sion of these Perspectives with us. We have done this every year since 1975, breaking new ground for the Marxist movement as we work to overcome the barriers between "inside" and "outside", workers and intel­ lectuals, theory and practice, philosophy and revolution. i nrroduction peasement in its purest essence") — we are also term is that that flow of oil is nothing short of '••I ml So perilous are our times, economically and offered appeals for "philosophical meanings." "a life and death" question. Dlitically, militarily and intra-imperialistically— 2: , Thus, James Reston devoted his Sunday New nd in a state-capitalist age this means East as All the meanderings through history and York Times column (5-27-79) to a speech by ex- o eJI as West — that the two truly global nuclear geographic switching from the Near to the Middle Foreign Minister from Lebanon, Charles Malik, owers, U.S. and Russia, urge adoption of SALT East, and from the West in general, to the U.S. who asks us to go beyond "the loss of gas" to , not just as a sort of holding action, and, as in particular, may have satisfied the Middle East "the philosophic meanings of the fuel crisis." resident Carter put it, not even as only a question professorial politician and a top bourgeois West­ F war and peace, but as nothing short of the We are asked to go deep into the West's ern journalist, but the only thing it proved is that, +~» jrvival of humanity.
    [Show full text]
  • DC Comics These 103 Comic Book Characters and Titles Make DC Comics a Marvel in the Field
    DC Comics These 103 Comic Book Characters and Titles make DC Comics a marvel in the field. E U H S A L F E H T A L D E T C E P X E N U E H T F O S E L A T R U H K H M V Y A Y E D S R E S O L E H T H E P H A N T O M H L I C S K I A T B E G E E I L O N U E I L B R E Z A L B L L E H H P L R M I N Z P N E L R R K B L I T Z K R I E G D E P M U W O A L E A O M E G A M E N I P O E P R A T A T D R O D R X N O U T U A E T E P D N D M D G N K F V T E A T H H E O O A R K S S C C E S R S V M E K C O R T G S B O E A A W L E M S W U N H E C C I R T B K O L S R P E M U O R L D S V R E N P U E L O I O S I N U G I O R L D J L P N B C L L U D A D Y A A R M N W U F N V T I L U C Y A G M N U R H L E O D E N U H R T K I O N S S P A I C Y V Y M F D N E S A S I E S L M B A E R R I T S S T E E M M M A T M G A B S U O E U M T G E R O E K O O D Y B O O C S P E D I T I A A N C C O I B N S M I T T E E W L O U R L N R N I K T N T E N D R I A I Y M R N E G O C A W T A T T E D N E V R O F V A H R I O D M P M A O N K R A N C E B L H P E I A T R E Y T F A S A A F W N A T O R D B E U L H I Y L E K G E N S E O N N N N T E L C N O E N A C R E H C A E R P S O E C R I R I N A I E K A H H N S I D R I I N L S P N I D X T U S B A Y M F A P A O H T M F T U S E A T A N O U T P U W M A T V E S L G R G M R C I I E O R M R N E H T C A I P Y R O S R S M R D M B S U O B O M C D R W S E B A D S H S T T N B R S C I M O C E V I T C E T E D L H R T D C F T M E E S O C E L T O D C N H C S M A R H M F A A E D E A E E G I U H R U M A D A M E X A N A D U S E T C H C A R Q E S C U R U T C T
    [Show full text]
  • Soore Mehr Publishing Co
    Soore Mehr Publishing Co. Visit us Hall5.0/B132 16-20 Oct 2019 Soore Mehr Publishing Co. is one of the Best and huge Publishing group in Iran, and established 1998, we selected 7 years as the best Publisher in Iran and get the prize with cultural ministry Of Iran. we published about 10000 title books up to now, and we publish about 300 new title( 1st edition) every year, we have fiction, Non-fiction, Poem, War story and Memory for Adults. In addition we have a special Department for Children›s and Young Adults that name is «Mehrak Publication», and we have about 1000 books for children›s and young Adult it›s included Poem, Story, comic story, poem story. we register Mehrak publication Brand last year. Mehrak Puplication Children's Department www.mehrak.ir Title: The Twenty-three Ones Author: Ahmad Yousefzadeh Subject: Non-Fiction (Memory) Year of Publishing: 2017 / 58th Edition No. of Pages: 408/Paperback Size: 14 × 21 ISBN: 9786001755842 Awards: The book was honored by the supreme leader of Iran. about book The age of Ahmad (the author of the book) is sixteen. His name, after military training, is finally listed on the list of expeditions to the warfront. He participates in Operation Baytol-Moghaddass . But after a while, he has taken as a prisoner of war. There, during his captivity in the Iraqi POW camp, he is called a «minor child» due to his young age and his small body. He is being taken to the city of Basra along with 150 other prisoners of the war.
    [Show full text]
  • CAUTION: ZIONISM! Essays on the Ideology, Organisation and Practice of Zionism
    CAUTION: ZIONISM! Essays on the Ideology, Organisation and Practice of Zionism Yuri Ivanov Moscow Progress Publishers 1970 Contents Preface I Myth and Reality II "A Time to Cast Stones and a Time to Gather Stones Together" III Roofless Labyrinth IV Crossroads V Caution: Zionism! To fellow countrymen and foreign comrades whose kind advice has been of such help. Yuri Ivanov Preface Gone are the days when the enemies of the young Soviet republic fervently awaited the collapse of the world's first workers' and peasants' state. The Land of Soviets proved its viability in the face of armed intervention and its magnificent performance in the life- and-death struggle against the nazi hordes already belongs to history. Gone, indeed, are many of the illusions harboured by the enemies of communism, but not their hatred and their intention to continue the struggle with all the means that remain at their disposal. Lenin held that it was the fundamental duty of the Soviet press to make a concrete analysis of the forces acting against communism, however secondary they might appear at first glance. This book makes a study of modern Zionism, one of the most tenacious, though veiled varieties of anti-communism. Meir Vilner, Secretary of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Israel, wrote in a letter to Soviet journalists in January 1968: "Zionism is, alas, a 'forgotten' question but nonetheless a most actual one. ." How right he is! For a long time many champions of Zionism were sparing no efforts to make Zionism appear nothing more than an obsolete term.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Tribalism and Sectarianism in Defining the Iraqi National Identity
    The Role of Tribalism and Sectarianism in Defining the Iraqi National Identity The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Abdallat, Saleh Ayman. 2020. The Role of Tribalism and Sectarianism in Defining the Iraqi National Identity. Master's thesis, Harvard Extension School. Citable link https://nrs.harvard.edu/URN-3:HUL.INSTREPOS:37365053 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA The Role of Tribalism and Sectarianism in Defining the Iraqi National Identity Saleh Ayman Abdallat A Thesis in the Field of Middle Eastern Studies for the Degree of Master of Liberal Arts in Extension Studies Harvard University May 2020 Copyright 2020 Saleh Ayman Abdallat Abstract In this thesis, I examine the roots that aggravated the Iraqi national identity to devolve into sectarianism. The thesis covers 603 years of historical events that coincided during the time the Ottoman ruled Mesopotamia, until the U.S. invaded Iraq in 2003. The thesis is divided into four chapters, in which I address the factors that aggravated to deteriorate the Iraqi national unity. The historical events include the Ottoman-Persian rivalry that lasted for more than three centuries, and the outcomes that precipitated the Iraqi national identity to devolve into sectarianism. Furthermore, the thesis covers the modern history of Iraq during the period that Britain invaded Iraq and appointed the Hashemite to act on their behalf.
    [Show full text]
  • Comic Book Collection
    2008 preview: fre comic book day 1 3x3 Eyes:Curse of the Gesu 1 76 1 76 4 76 2 76 3 Action Comics 694/40 Action Comics 687 Action Comics 4 Action Comics 7 Advent Rising: Rock the Planet 1 Aftertime: Warrior Nun Dei 1 Agents of Atlas 3 All-New X-Men 2 All-Star Superman 1 amaze ink peepshow 1 Ame-Comi Girls 4 Ame-Comi Girls 2 Ame-Comi Girls 3 Ame-Comi Girls 6 Ame-Comi Girls 8 Ame-Comi Girls 4 Amethyst: Princess of Gemworld 9 Angel and the Ape 1 Angel and the Ape 2 Ant 9 Arak, Son of Thunder 27 Arak, Son of Thunder 33 Arak, Son of Thunder 26 Arana 4 Arana: The Heart of the Spider 1 Arana: The Heart of the Spider 5 Archer & Armstrong 20 Archer & Armstrong 15 Aria 1 Aria 3 Aria 2 Arrow Anthology 1 Arrowsmith 4 Arrowsmith 3 Ascension 11 Ashen Victor 3 Astonish Comics (FCBD) Asylum 6 Asylum 5 Asylum 3 Asylum 11 Asylum 1 Athena Inc. The Beginning 1 Atlas 1 Atomic Toybox 1 Atomika 1 Atomika 3 Atomika 4 Atomika 2 Avengers Academy: Fear Itself 18 Avengers: Unplugged 6 Avengers: Unplugged 4 Azrael 4 Azrael 2 Azrael 2 Badrock and Company 3 Badrock and Company 4 Badrock and Company 5 Bastard Samurai 1 Batman: Shadow of the Bat 27 Batman: Shadow of the Bat 28 Batman:Shadow of the Bat 30 Big Bruisers 1 Bionicle 22 Bionicle 20 Black Terror 2 Blade of the Immortal 3 Blade of the Immortal unknown Bleeding Cool (FCBD) Bloodfire 9 bloodfire 9 Bloodshot 2 Bloodshot 4 Bloodshot 31 bloodshot 9 bloodshot 4 bloodshot 6 bloodshot 15 Brath 13 Brath 12 Brath 14 Brigade 13 Captain Marvel: Time Flies 4 Caravan Kidd 2 Caravan Kidd 1 Cat Claw 1 catfight 1 Children of
    [Show full text]
  • Broca's Region
    Broca’s Region Yosef Grodzinsky Katrin Amunts, Editors OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS BROCA’S REGION This page intentionally left blank BROCA’S REGION EDITED BY Yosef Grodzinsky Katrin Amunts 1 2006 Oxford University Press Oxford University Press, Inc., publishes works that further Oxford University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Copyright © 2006 by Yosef Grodzinsky and Katrin Amunts Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 www.oup.com Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Broca’s region / edited by Yosef Grodzinsky, Katrin Amunts. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13 978-0-19-517764-0 ISBN 0-19-517764-9 1. Broca, Paul, 1824–1880. 2. Neurolinguistics. 3. Psycholinguistics. 4. Frontal lobes. 5. Sign language. 6. Aphasia. I. Grodzinsky, Yosef. II. Amunts, Katrin. QP399.B76 2005 612.8Ј2336—dc22 2004023816 1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper Contents Contributors ix II.
    [Show full text]
  • Nir Avissar University of Virginia July, 2016
    PHOTOACTIVISM: POLITICAL ICONOGRAPHY IN FRANCE, 1944-1968 Nir Avissar Tel Aviv, Israel Master of Arts, Tel Aviv University, 2008 Bachelor of Arts. Tel Aviv University, 2005 A Dissertation presented to the Graduate Faculty of the University of Virginia in Candidacy for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of History University of Virginia July, 2016 © 2016 Nir Avissar Abstract The aim of this dissertation is to provide a critical history of French reportage photography in the decades following the Second World War, beginning with the Liberation in 1944 and ending in May ’68. During the Trente Glorieuses, reportage photography became an integral part of the media, which operated as the central platform for engaging the public in political discourse. My research explores how, during this era of mass communication, the photographic medium participated in the nation’s political life in concrete historical circumstances. In the course of this investigation, I inspect both the material, thematic, and formal strategies photographers employed to produce images in different political contexts, and the publication history of their works (who published their images, in what format, and for what purposes). The dissertation thus examines the role reportage photography played in promoting political discourse in France by visually engaging the most critical historical processes the nation was undergoing: modernization, democratization, and decolonization. At the same time, it also analyzes the reciprocal impact that changing political climate had on reportage photography. Specifically, it provides an historical account of the multiple causes that effected during the 1960s the displacement of humanist photography by photojournalism as the medium’s prominent current.
    [Show full text]
  • Roy Thomas Roy Thomas
    Edited by RROOYY TTHHOOMMAASS Celebrating 100 issues— and 50 years— of the legendary comics fanzine Characters TM & ©2011 DC Comics Centennial Edited by ROY THOMAS TwoMorrows Publishing - Raleigh, North Carolina ALTER EG O: CENTENNIAL THE 100TH ISSUE OF ALTER EGO, VOLUME 3 Published by: TwoMorrows Publishing 10407 Bedfordtown Drive Raleigh, North Carolina 27614 www.twomorrows.com • e-mail: [email protected] No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without written permission from the publisher. First Printing: March 2011 All Rights Reserved • Printed in Canada Softcover ISBN: 978-1-60549-031-1 UPC: 1-82658-27763-5 03 Trademarks & Copyrights: All illustrations contained herein are copyrighted by their respective copyright holders and are reproduced for historical reference and research purposes. All characters featured on the cover are TM and ©2011 DC Comics. All rights reserved. DC Comics does not endorse or confirm the accuracy of the views expressed in this book. Editorial package ©2011 Roy Thomas & TwoMorrows Publishing. Individual contributions ©2011 their creators, unless otherwise noted. Editorial Offices: 32 Bluebird Trail, St. Matthews, SC 29135 • e-mail: [email protected] Eight-issue subscriptions $60 U.S., $85 Canada, $107 elsewhere (in U.S. funds) Send subscription funds to TwoMorrows, NOT to editorial offices. Alter Ego is a TM of Roy & Dann Thomas This issue is dedicated to the memory of Mike Esposito and Dr. Jerry G. Bails, founder of A/E Special Thanks to: Christian Voltar Alcala, Heidi Amash, Michael Ambrose, Ger Apeldoorn, Mark Arnold, Michael Aushenker, Dick Ayers, Rodrigo Baeza, Bob Bailey, Jean Bails, Pat Bastienne, Alberto Becattini, Allen Bellman, John Benson, Gil Kane panel above from The Ring Doc Boucher, Dwight Boyd, Jerry K.
    [Show full text]
  • Contemporary American Comic Book Collection, Ca
    http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/ft567nb3sc No online items Guide to the Contemporary American Comic Book Collection, ca. 1962 - ca. 1994PN6726 .C66 1962 Processed by Peter Whidden Department of Special Collections and University Archives 2002 ; revised 2020 Green Library 557 Escondido Mall Stanford 94305-6064 [email protected] URL: http://library.stanford.edu/spc PN6726 .C66 19621413 1 Language of Material: English Contributing Institution: Department of Special Collections and University Archives Title: Contemporary American Comic Book Collection Identifier/Call Number: PN6726 .C66 1962 Identifier/Call Number: 1413 Physical Description: 41 box(es)41 comic book boxes ; 28 x 38 cm.(ca. 6000 items) Date (inclusive): circa 1962 - circa 1994 Abstract: The collection consists of a selection of nearly 6000 issues from approximately 750 titles arranged into three basic components by publisher: DC Comics (268 titles); Marvel Comics (224 titles); and other publishers (280 titles from 72 publishers). Publication dates are principally from the early 1960's to the mid-1990's. Collection Scope and Content Summary The collection consists of a selection of nearly 6000 issues from approximately 750 titles arranged into three basic elements: DC Comics, Marvel Comics, and various other publishers. Publication dates are principally from the mid-1960's to the early 1990's. The first part covers DC titles (268 titles), the second part covers Marvel titles (224 titles), and the third part covers miscellaneous titles (280 titles, under 72 publishers). Parts one and two (DC and Marvel boxes) of the list are marked with box numbers. The contents of boxes listed in these parts matches the sequence of titles on the lists.
    [Show full text]