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Filorexant | Medchemexpress
Inhibitors Product Data Sheet Filorexant • Agonists Cat. No.: HY-15653 CAS No.: 1088991-73-4 Molecular Formula: C₂₄H₂₅FN₄O₂ • Molecular Weight: 420.48 Screening Libraries Target: Orexin Receptor (OX Receptor) Pathway: GPCR/G Protein; Neuronal Signaling Storage: Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month SOLVENT & SOLUBILITY In Vitro DMSO : 100 mg/mL (237.82 mM; Need ultrasonic) Mass Solvent 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg Concentration Preparing 1 mM 2.3782 mL 11.8912 mL 23.7823 mL Stock Solutions 5 mM 0.4756 mL 2.3782 mL 4.7565 mL 10 mM 0.2378 mL 1.1891 mL 2.3782 mL Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. In Vivo 1. Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO >> 40% PEG300 >> 5% Tween-80 >> 45% saline Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.95 mM); Clear solution 2. Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO >> 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in saline) Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.95 mM); Clear solution 3. Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO >> 90% corn oil Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.95 mM); Clear solution BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY Description Filorexant (MK-6096) is an orally bioavailable potent and selective reversible antagonist of OX1 and OX2 receptor(<3 nM in binding). IC₅₀ & Target Ki: < 3 nM(Orexin receptor)[1]. In Vitro In radioligand binding and functional cell based assays Filorexant (MK-6096) demonstrated potent binding and antagonism of both human OX(1)R and OX(2)R (<3 nM in binding, 11 nM in FLIPR), with no significant off-target activities against a panel Page 1 of 2 www.MedChemExpress.com of >170 receptors and enzymes. -
Neuroendocrine and Sympathetic Responses to an Orexin Receptor Antagonist, SB-649868, and Alprazolam Following Insulin-Induced Hypoglycemia in Humans
Psychopharmacology (2014) 231:3817–3828 DOI 10.1007/s00213-014-3520-7 ORIGINAL INVESTIGATION Neuroendocrine and sympathetic responses to an orexin receptor antagonist, SB-649868, and Alprazolam following insulin-induced hypoglycemia in humans Ameera X. Patel & Sam R. Miller & Pradeep J. Nathan & Ponmani Kanakaraj & Antonella Napolitano & Philip Lawrence & Annelize Koch & Edward T. Bullmore Received: 8 October 2013 /Accepted: 24 February 2014 /Published online: 26 April 2014 # The Author(s) 2014. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract it has previously been validated using the insulin tolerance test Rationale The orexin-hypocretin system is important for (ITT) model in humans. translating peripheral metabolic signals and central neuronal Results Of the primary endpoints, ITT induced defined in- inputs to a diverse range of behaviors, from feeding, motiva- creases in pulse rate, plasma cortisol, and adrenocorticotropic tion and arousal, to sleep and wakefulness. Orexin signaling is hormone in the placebo condition, but these responses were thus an exciting potential therapeutic target for disorders of not significantly impacted by alprazolam or SB-649868 pre- sleep, feeding, addiction, and stress. treatment. Of the secondary endpoints, ITT induced a defined Objectives/methods Here, we investigated the low dose phar- increase in plasma concentrations of adrenaline, noradrena- macology of orexin receptor antagonist, SB-649868, on neu- line, growth hormone (GH), and prolactin in the placebo roendocrine, sympathetic nervous system, and behavioral re- condition. Alprazolam pre-treatment significantly reduced sponses to insulin-induced hypoglycemic stress, in 24 healthy the GH response to ITT (p<0.003), the peak electromyogra- male subjects (aged 18–45 years; BMI 19.0–25.9 kg/m2), phy (p<0.0001) and galvanic skin response (GSR, p=0.04)to using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, acoustic startle, the resting GSR (p=0.01), and increased within-subject crossover design. -
Orexin Receptor Antagonists As Therapeutic Agents for Insomnia
REVIEW ARTICLE published: 25 December 2013 doi: 10.3389/fphar.2013.00163 Orexin receptor antagonists as therapeutic agents for insomnia Ana C. Equihua 1, Alberto K. De La Herrán-Arita 2 and Rene Drucker-Colin 1* 1 Neuropatología Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México 2 Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA Edited by: Insomnia is a common clinical condition characterized by difficulty initiating or maintaining Christopher J. Winrow, Merck, USA sleep, or non-restorative sleep with impairment of daytime functioning. Currently, Reviewed by: treatment for insomnia involves a combination of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBTi) Matthew R. Ebben, Weill Medical and pharmacological therapy. Among pharmacological interventions, the most evidence College of Cornell University, USA Gabriella Gobbi, McGill University, exists for benzodiazepine (BZD) receptor agonist drugs (GABAA receptor), although Canada concerns persist regarding their safety and their limited efficacy. The use of these Matt Carter, University of hypnotic medications must be carefully monitored for adverse effects. Orexin (hypocretin) Washington, USA neuropeptides have been shown to regulate transitions between wakefulness and Michihiro Mieda, Kanazawa University, Japan sleep by promoting cholinergic/monoaminergic neural pathways. This has led to the *Correspondence: development of a new class of pharmacological agents that antagonize the physiological Rene Drucker-Colin, Departamento effects of orexin. The development of these agents may lead to novel therapies for de Neurociencias, Instituto de insomnia without the side effect profile of hypnotics (e.g., impaired cognition, disturbed Fisiología Celular, Universidad arousal, and motor balance difficulties). However, antagonizing a system that regulates Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito exterior S/N, Apdo. -
Preventive Report Appendix
Title Authors Published Journal Volume Issue Pages DOI Final Status Exclusion Reason Nasal sumatriptan is effective in treatment of migraine attacks in children: A Ahonen K.; Hamalainen ML.; Rantala H.; 2004 Neurology 62 6 883-7 10.1212/01.wnl.0000115105.05966.a7 Deemed irrelevant in initial screening Seasonal variation in migraine. Alstadhaug KB.; Salvesen R.; Bekkelund SI. Cephalalgia : an 2005 international journal 25 10 811-6 10.1111/j.1468-2982.2005.01018.x Deemed irrelevant in initial screening Flunarizine, a calcium channel blocker: a new prophylactic drug in migraine. Amery WK. 1983 Headache 23 2 70-4 10.1111/j.1526-4610.1983.hed2302070 Deemed irrelevant in initial screening Monoamine oxidase inhibitors in the control of migraine. Anthony M.; Lance JW. Proceedings of the 1970 Australian 7 45-7 Deemed irrelevant in initial screening Prostaglandins and prostaglandin receptor antagonism in migraine. Antonova M. 2013 Danish medical 60 5 B4635 Deemed irrelevant in initial screening Divalproex extended-release in adolescent migraine prophylaxis: results of a Apostol G.; Cady RK.; Laforet GA.; Robieson randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. WZ.; Olson E.; Abi-Saab WM.; Saltarelli M. 2008 Headache 48 7 1012-25 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2008.01081.x Deemed irrelevant in initial screening Divalproex sodium extended-release for the prophylaxis of migraine headache in Apostol G.; Lewis DW.; Laforet GA.; adolescents: results of a stand-alone, long-term open-label safety study. Robieson WZ.; Fugate JM.; Abi-Saab WM.; 2009 Headache 49 1 45-53 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2008.01279.x Deemed irrelevant in initial screening Safety and tolerability of divalproex sodium extended-release in the prophylaxis of Apostol G.; Pakalnis A.; Laforet GA.; migraine headaches: results of an open-label extension trial in adolescents. -
Classification Decisions Taken by the Harmonized System Committee from the 47Th to 60Th Sessions (2011
CLASSIFICATION DECISIONS TAKEN BY THE HARMONIZED SYSTEM COMMITTEE FROM THE 47TH TO 60TH SESSIONS (2011 - 2018) WORLD CUSTOMS ORGANIZATION Rue du Marché 30 B-1210 Brussels Belgium November 2011 Copyright © 2011 World Customs Organization. All rights reserved. Requests and inquiries concerning translation, reproduction and adaptation rights should be addressed to [email protected]. D/2011/0448/25 The following list contains the classification decisions (other than those subject to a reservation) taken by the Harmonized System Committee ( 47th Session – March 2011) on specific products, together with their related Harmonized System code numbers and, in certain cases, the classification rationale. Advice Parties seeking to import or export merchandise covered by a decision are advised to verify the implementation of the decision by the importing or exporting country, as the case may be. HS codes Classification No Product description Classification considered rationale 1. Preparation, in the form of a powder, consisting of 92 % sugar, 6 % 2106.90 GRIs 1 and 6 black currant powder, anticaking agent, citric acid and black currant flavouring, put up for retail sale in 32-gram sachets, intended to be consumed as a beverage after mixing with hot water. 2. Vanutide cridificar (INN List 100). 3002.20 3. Certain INN products. Chapters 28, 29 (See “INN List 101” at the end of this publication.) and 30 4. Certain INN products. Chapters 13, 29 (See “INN List 102” at the end of this publication.) and 30 5. Certain INN products. Chapters 28, 29, (See “INN List 103” at the end of this publication.) 30, 35 and 39 6. Re-classification of INN products. -
OREXIN ANTAGONISTS BELSOMRA (Suvorexant), DAYVIGO (Lemborexant)
OREXIN ANTAGONISTS BELSOMRA (suvorexant), DAYVIGO (lemborexant) RATIONALE FOR INCLUSION IN PA PROGRAM Background Belsomra (suvorexant) and Dayvigo (lemborexant) are orexin receptor antagonists used to treat difficulty in falling and staying asleep (insomnia). Orexins are chemicals that are involved in regulating the sleep-wake cycle and play a role in keeping people awake (1-2). Regulatory Status FDA-approved indication: Orexin receptor antagonists are indicated for the treatment of insomnia, characterized by difficulties with sleep onset and/or sleep maintenance (1-2). Orexin Antagonists are contraindicated in patients with narcolepsy (1-2). Orexin Antagonists are central nervous system (CNS) depressants that can impair daytime wakefulness even when used as prescribed. Medications that treat insomnia can cause next-day drowsiness and impair driving and other activities that require alertness. Orexin Antagonists can impair driving skills and may increase the risk of falling asleep while driving. People can be impaired even when they feel fully awake. Patients should also be made aware of the potential for next-day driving impairment, because there is individual variation in sensitivity to the drug (1-2). The failure of insomnia to remit after 7 to 10 days of treatment may indicate the presence of a primary psychiatric and/or mental illness that should be evaluated (1-2). Warnings and precautions that should be discussed with the patient on Orexin Antagonist therapy include adverse reactions on abnormal thinking and behavioral changes (such as amnesia, anxiety, hallucinations and other neuropsychiatric symptoms), complex behaviors (such as sleep- driving, preparing and eating food, or making phone calls), dose-dependent increase in suicidal ideation, and sleep paralysis which is the inability to move or speak for up to several minutes during sleep-wake transitions (1-2). -
Perspective Rxpipeline a Pharmacy
A PHARMACY ON PERSPECTIVE THE RXPIPELINE Understanding changes in the medication market and their impact on cost and care. EnvisionPharmacies continuously monitors the drug pipeline. As treatment options change, we evaluate and share our perspective on the clinical benefits, cost-effectiveness and overall impact to payers, physicians and patients. Our Perspective on the Rx Pipeline report provides insights on what you should expect from your pharmacy partners to get patients the treatment they need. Included in this Edition } Clinical Pipeline } FDA Drug Approvals } New Indications } Upcoming and Recent Generic Launches } FDA Safety Update } Drug Shortages and Discontinuations 1 | A PHARMACY PERSPECTIVE ON THE RXPIPELINE • OCTOBER 2019 Clinical Pipeline PIPELINE STAGE R & D FDA In Market Off Patent Open Source Off Approved Brand Exclusive Generic Alternative Market crizanlizumab SEG101 Manufacturer: Novartis Indication/Use: Sickle cell disease Dosage Form: Infusion Pipeline Stage: PDUFA 1/2020 Sickle cell disease is a debilitating genetic blood disorder that affects approximately 100,000 Americans.[1] Patients with sickle cell disease can suffer from vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs) that are incredibly painful and can cause irreversible tissue infarction and vasculopathy. VOCs are also associated with increased morbidity and mortality. [2] Hydroxyurea and pharmacy-grade L-glutamine are the only two FDA-approved pharmacotherapies currently available for the prevention of VOCs.[3] Crizanlizumab is a monoclonal antibody that works through selectin -
Clinical Pharmacology of Daridorexant, a Novel Dual Orexin Receptor Antagonist
Clinical pharmacology of daridorexant, a novel dual orexin receptor antagonist Inauguraldissertation zur Erlangung der Würde eines Dr. sc. med. Vorgelegt der Medizinischen Fakultät der Universität Basel Von Clemens Mühlan aus 4055 Basel, Schweiz Basel, 2021 Originaldokument gespeichert auf dem Dokumentenserver der Universität Basel edoc.unibas.ch Genehmigt von der Medizinischen Fakultät auf Antrag von Prof. Dr. Stephan Krähenbühl Prof. Dr. Matthias Liechti Dr. Alexander Jetter Dr. Jasper Dingemanse Basel, 24. Februar 2021 Dekan Prof. Dr. Primo Leo Schär 2 of 118 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ............................................................4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................8 SUMMARY .........................................................................................................................9 1 BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION ................................................................15 1.1 Insomnia .......................................................................................................15 1.2 The orexin system as a therapeutic target .....................................................18 1.3 Review of orexin receptor antagonists .........................................................20 1.4 Selective vs dual orexin receptor antagonism ..............................................23 1.5 Orexin receptor antagonists available in clinical practice ............................24 1.6 Orexin receptor -
G Protein-Coupled Receptors
S.P.H. Alexander et al. The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2015/16: G protein-coupled receptors. British Journal of Pharmacology (2015) 172, 5744–5869 THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2015/16: G protein-coupled receptors Stephen PH Alexander1, Anthony P Davenport2, Eamonn Kelly3, Neil Marrion3, John A Peters4, Helen E Benson5, Elena Faccenda5, Adam J Pawson5, Joanna L Sharman5, Christopher Southan5, Jamie A Davies5 and CGTP Collaborators 1School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK, 2Clinical Pharmacology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK, 3School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK, 4Neuroscience Division, Medical Education Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK, 5Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK Abstract The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2015/16 provides concise overviews of the key properties of over 1750 human drug targets with their pharmacology, plus links to an open access knowledgebase of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. The full contents can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/ 10.1111/bph.13348/full. G protein-coupled receptors are one of the eight major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being: ligand-gated ion channels, voltage-gated ion channels, other ion channels, nuclear hormone receptors, catalytic receptors, enzymes and transporters. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. -
G Protein‐Coupled Receptors
S.P.H. Alexander et al. The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2019/20: G protein-coupled receptors. British Journal of Pharmacology (2019) 176, S21–S141 THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2019/20: G protein-coupled receptors Stephen PH Alexander1 , Arthur Christopoulos2 , Anthony P Davenport3 , Eamonn Kelly4, Alistair Mathie5 , John A Peters6 , Emma L Veale5 ,JaneFArmstrong7 , Elena Faccenda7 ,SimonDHarding7 ,AdamJPawson7 , Joanna L Sharman7 , Christopher Southan7 , Jamie A Davies7 and CGTP Collaborators 1School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK 2Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia 3Clinical Pharmacology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK 4School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK 5Medway School of Pharmacy, The Universities of Greenwich and Kent at Medway, Anson Building, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK 6Neuroscience Division, Medical Education Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK 7Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK Abstract The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2019/20 is the fourth in this series of biennial publications. The Concise Guide provides concise overviews of the key properties of nearly 1800 human drug targets with an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to the open access knowledgebase source of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. Although the Concise Guide represents approximately 400 pages, the material presented is substantially reduced compared to information and links presented on the website. -
IJBCP International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology Orexin
Print ISSN: 2319-2003 | Online ISSN: 2279-0780 IJBCP International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20161493 Review Article Orexin receptors: a journey through their discovery to the development of suvorexant, the new sleeping pill Anandabaskar Nishanthi*, Mourouguessine Vimal, Selvarajan Sandhiya, Steven Aibor Dkhar JIPMER, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and ABSTRACT Hospital, Puducherry, India Orexin (OX) neuropeptides acting through G-protein coupled OX1 and OX2 Received: 29 March 2016 receptors are implicated in a variety of physiological roles including regulation Accepted: 27 April 2016 of feeding, sleep-wake cycle, energy metabolism and reward pathways. Accumulating experimental evidence indicates that orexins are wake promoting *Correspondence to: neuropeptides and deficits in orexinergic neurotransmission leads to narcolepsy, Dr. Anandabaskar Nishanthi, a debilitating sleep disorder. This has led to a search for orexin receptor agonists Email: nishanthi11189 for pharmacotherapy of narcolepsy. However, development of orexin receptor @gmail.com agonists are still in their infancy stage and it invokes further research to know whether it could turn into a reality. In addition, the role of orexin neuropeptides Copyright: © the author(s), in promoting arousal and wakefulness has generated considerable interest in publisher and licensee Medip developing orexin receptor antagonists for treatment of insomnia. This quest Academy. This is an open- was accomplished with the approval of suvorexant by United States food and access article distributed under drug administration in 2014. This remarkable discovery has opened a novel the terms of the Creative approach for treatment of insomnia through neuromodulation of orexin Commons Attribution Non- signaling. Hence this review focuses on the orexinergic system, their Commercial License, which physiological action and potential role as pharmacological targets. -
Ep 2330124 A2
(19) TZZ ¥¥Z_ T (11) EP 2 330 124 A2 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION (43) Date of publication: (51) Int Cl.: 08.06.2011 Bulletin 2011/23 C07K 14/575 (2006.01) (21) Application number: 10012149.0 (22) Date of filing: 11.08.2006 (84) Designated Contracting States: • Lewis, Diana AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR San Diego, CA 92121 (US) HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC NL PL PT RO SE SI • Soares, Christopher J. SK TR San Diego, CA 92121 (US) • Ghosh, Soumitra S. (30) Priority: 11.08.2005 US 201664 San Diego, CA 92121 (US) 17.08.2005 US 206903 • D’Souza, Lawrence 12.12.2005 US 301744 San Diego, CA 92121 (US) • Parkes, David G. (62) Document number(s) of the earlier application(s) in San Diego, CA 92121 (US) accordance with Art. 76 EPC: • Mack, Christine M. 06801467.9 / 1 922 336 San Diego, CA 92121 (US) • Forood, Behrouz Bruce (71) Applicant: Amylin Pharmaceuticals Inc. San Diego, CA 92121 (US) San Diego, CA 92121 (US) (74) Representative: Gowshall, Jonathan Vallance et al (72) Inventors: Forrester & Boehmert • Levy, Odile Esther Pettenkoferstrasse 20-22 San Diego, CA 92121 (US) 80336 München (DE) • Hanley, Michael R. San Diego, CA 92121 (US) Remarks: • Jodka, Carolyn M. This application was filed on 30-09-2010 as a San Diego, CA 92121 (US) divisional application to the application mentioned under INID code 62. (54) Hybrid polypeptides with selectable properties (57) The present invention relates generally to novel, tions and disorders include, but are not limited to, hyper- selectable hybrid polypeptides useful as agents for the tension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, eating treatment and prevention of metabolic diseases and dis- disorders, insulin-resistance, obesity, and diabetes mel- orders which can be alleviated by control plasma glucose litus of any kind, including type 1, type 2, and gestational levels, insulin levels, and/or insulin secretion, such as diabetes.