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Home , 2014 Winter Olympics, Fisht Olympic Stadium, Olympic symbols, Paralympic symbols

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2014 Winter Olympic & Web Campaign

U.S. Embassy,

Phillip Bradshaw Cultural Affairs Intern, Summer 2013 [email protected]

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Overview: The U.S. Embassy Moscow 2014 Winter Olympic Campaign utilizes Facebook, Twitter and a new webpage to broadcast the U.S.’s support of the to a Russian audience. The location of the Games, , , is the motivation behind the campaign. The campaign will extend from now until the start of the Olympics in February of 2014. Content for August and September is complete. This document explains the organization of the current campaign material and gives guidance for future development.

The entire campaign content is located at: O:\CAO\U.S. Embassy Olympic Campaign. It is organized in subfolders:

U.S. Embassy Olympic Campaign

August •Written campaign content •Original photo files for images featured during August

September •Written campaign content •Original photo files for images featured during September

Olympic Images •4th of July Olympic PowerPiont Presentation & photos •Document with information and sources about presentation

Website •Document of plan for website design •Folder "Banner Photos" with photos used for webpage banner and an Excel chart of citations Additional Photos •Photos that are relevant to the campaign •Document with citations for additional photos

Calendar: The six-month calendar (Olympic Campaign Calendar.docx) shows the content topic and the recommended time for publication. The content topics are categorized thematically across weeks and months. These themes correlate with events in the American calendar as well as the Olympic Calendar. For example, the campaign will promote female Olympic athletes on August 26th – Women’s Equality Day, and highlight during the speed skating Olympic trials. The content should be modified as events develop leading up the Olympics. Significant upcoming events, such as the release of the U.S. Paralympic Team roster in mid-August and the announcement of the 2020 Olympic host city in September, are also noted in the calendar.

Design: The content themes are consistent across the website, Facebook and Twitter. Social media will gain the most exposure and direct attention towards the website. The website features links to other sections of the Embassy Moscow website. In September, there will be a photo contest to increase Russian engagement in the campaign. This photo contest should also be publicized to students involved English language programs. They are likely to participate and benefit the most.

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Videos/Photos: Content is accompanied by photos and links to YouTube videos. All photos are labeled [Figure #]. A list of citations corresponding to each [Figure #] is provided in the relevant Notes & References section. Important:

We have standing permission to use AP Images. We may use any photo from the Sochi 2014 Winter Games flikr photostream so long as it is cited: “Sochi 2014 Organizing Committee: Press Center.” Our contact person at the Sochi Organizing Committee is listed below. We have conditional permission to use the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) symbol. Information published with the Paralympic Symbol must meet the Paralympic Brand Book guidelines and be approved by the IPC. The Brand Book can be found in the “Olympic Campaign” folder. The September campaign content, which features the IPC Symbol, has been submitted to the IPC for approval. A final response will be sent to Emily Kenealy.

International Paralympic Committee Mikhail Rozhko Annika Zeyen, Design Project Coordinator Senior Manager, Liсensing Department Adenauerallee 212-214, 53113 Bonn, Germany Sochi 2014 Organizing Committee Tel. +49 228 2097-269, Fax +49 228 2097-209 40/3, Bolshaya Ordynka street [email protected] 119017, Moscow, Russia Mob.: + 7 925 999 34 62, Phone/Fax: +7 (495) 984 2014 (ext. 2-34-62) [email protected]

English Language Material: The campaign will be useful for students learning English. Additional language materials, such as website links and PDFs, are provided in the Additional English Language Resources section at the end of each month’s content.

Useful Links: For future development of the campaign, these are useful links and resources.

Team USA http://www.teamusa.org/ International Olympic Committee: http://www.olympic.org/ioc International Paralympic Committee: http://www.paralympic.org/ Russian Paralympic Committee: http://www.paralymp.ru/en/ o https://www.facebook.com/RussianParalympicCommittee Paralympic YouTube Channel: http://www.youtube.com/user/ParalympicSportTV Press Center of Sochi Olympics:https://www.sochi2014.com/en/media/press-center/

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AUGUST Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday U.S. Paralympics Team 1 22 2014 announced in first week of August

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 History of Olympics

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 History Paralympics

18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Host cities

25 26 Women’s 27 28 29 30 31 Equality Day Women & Olympics

Site Introduction:

On March 7th, 2014 the world’s finest athletes will gather in Sochi, Russia to compete in the 2014 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games! Bookmark this site, like us on Facebook, and follow us on Twitter for the latest news from now until the Opening Ceremony. 5

Week #1: August 7-11, 2013: History of Olympic Games History, part I: the

Website: [Figure 1] The earliest Olympic Games recorded in history took place in Olympia, in 776 BC and differed significantly from the Olympic Games that we know today. The Games were dedicated to the 12 Olympian Gods in Greek mythology and coincided with religious festivals. Back then, Greek society was organized according to a social hierarchy. All men of any social status were eligible to watch and compete in the ancient Olympic Games. Women, however, were banned from participating and only unmarried women were allowed to be spectators. Athletes competed in pentathlon, running, jumping, discus throwing, wrestling, boxing, pankration, and equestrian. The competitions lasted one day, at the end of which, one athlete was named the winner. Instead of awarding medals, Olympic judges tied the winning athlete’s hands and head with red ribbons. The Games repeated annually until 393 AD, when Emperor Theodosius abolished them, claiming they were influenced by pagan cults.

Figure 1

The earliest Olympic Games recorded in history took place in Olympia, Greece in 776 BC. That’s only 2,822 km from Sochi, Russia – the site of the 2014 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games!

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*Figure 2+ Approximately 1500 years after the Emperor’s decree, a French baron by the name of set out to revive the Olympic Games. De Coubertin believed that sports played an integral role in a person’s education and that a modern equivalent of ancient Olympics could become a platform for international cooperation, peace and equality. To fulfill his vision, he collected delegates from nine countries at a conference to discuss the possibility of reestablishing the Olympics. Initially, the delegation resisted De Coubertin’s idea, but in 1984, it changed its opinion and voted to form the International Olympic Committee. The Committee then organized the first modern of 1896 in , Greece. The Games soon gained international notoriety and are now regarded as the supreme international sports competition. Since then, there have been 30 Summer Olympic and 21 . Imagine, the next Olympic Games in Sochi, Russia are actually the continuation of a centuries-old tradition!

Figure 2

Pierre de Coubertin gathered countries together to revive the tradition of the Olympic Games.

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Facebook: *Figure 1+ The earliest Olympic Games recorded in history took place in Olympia, Greece in 776 BC. That’s only 2,822 km from Sochi, Russia – the site of the 2014 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games!

Twitter: [Figure 1] Distance between the first and next Olympic Games: 2,822 km.

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Week #: August 12-18, 2013: History of the Paralympic Movement Website: [Figure 3] The Paralympic Games are the world’s largest sporting event for people with a disability. Sir Ludwig Guttmann, started a movement that eventually developed into the Paralympic Games. In 1948, he organized the Games for World War II veterans in wheelchairs. The Mandeville Games were a great success and boosted the movement’s momentum. In 1960, Italy hosted the first . Four hundred athletes representing twenty-three countries competed in archery, athletics, dartchery, snooker, swimming, table tennis, wheelchair basketball and wheelchair fencing in Rome. In 1976, the Games expanded to include at the first in Sweden. Now the Paralympic Games occur every two years, alternating between Winter and Summer Games.

The XI Paralympics will be held in Sochi, Russia and begin on March, 7 2014. In Sochi, Paralympic athletes will compete in five sports: alpine , , cross-country skiing, ice sledge hockey, and wheelchair . Each sport is comprised of several individual events. For example, skiers may compete in downhill, slalom and super combined. Each event has unique rules and requires different athletic skills. For the first time in history, Para-snowboard will be an event at the Winter Olympic Games. The president of the Sochi 2014 Organizing Committee, said, “Its [para-snowboard] inclusion in the Paralympics programme will give a further boost to the promotion of across Russia and highlights the opportunities that sport provides to everyone. It also reflects our determination to deliver the most innovative and successful Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games in history.” This new addition brings the total number of events to 72! [Source: http://www.sochi2014.com/en/media/news/45891/ ]

Figure 3 Embed YouTube Video: Spirit in Motion: an introduction to the Paralympic Movement

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Facebook: [Figure 4] 502 Paralympic athletes from 44 countries competed in the 2010 Paralympic Winter Games. That makes the Paralympics the world’s largest sporting competition for people with a disability! The Sochi Paralympic Winter Games will host a new event and more amazing athletes. Get excited for the start of the Paralympic Games on March 7, 2014! Now it’s even less than a year away!

Figure 4 Embed YouTube Video: 1 Год до Паралимпийских Игр в Сочи http://youtu.be/OSnXLKMpfgs

Twitter: [Link to Website] Para- debuts at the Paralympics in Sochi, Russia 2014!

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Week #3: August 19-26, 2013: Host Cities

Figure 5

Website: [Figure 5] Since the first Winter Games in , France in 1924, 18 different cities have hosted the Winter Olympics. Becoming a host city is not an easy task. The rigorous selection process begins nine years in advance and competition is fierce. First, Cities interested in hosting must submit an application to the International Olympic Committee. This application requires the city to create a plan for developing the necessary infrastructure to accommodate the largest athletic competition in the world. From all of the submitted applications, the Committee chooses three, which it then visits to evaluate the feasibility of the development plan and suitability for hosting. After all of these steps have been completed, the Committee votes to elect one city to become the official host of the Olympic and Paralympic Games.

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But the work doesn’t stop there! Once a city has been selected, it then has seven to construct all the necessary transportation routes, training facilities, , restaurants and lodging. Most cities use the Olympics as an opportunity to showcase their best architectural designs. The opening ceremony of Sochi 2014 Winter Olympic Games and Paralympic Games will take place in the Fisht Olympic . “Fisht” means “white head” in Adyghe language. The Stadium is built to resemble the surrounding mountains and has a transparent roof so that spectators inside can see the snowy peaks outside. The Fisht is unique from any other in the world and is bound to become a trademark of the ! [Figure 6]

Host City Selection Process

2 years 7 years

Cities interested in The IOC reviews all the The host city hosting the Olympics applications and selects the top prepares for the submit an application three, which undergo further Olympic Games. to the International evaluation. After the suitability Olympic Committee of candidate cities has been (IOC). fully assessed, the Olympic Committee votes to choose one city to host the Games.

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Sochi was selected as host city in July 2007. Only a few weeks from now, on September 7, 2013, the International Olympic Committee will convene in Buenos Aires, to vote on the host of the 2020 Summer Olympics. Istanbul, and Madrid are the three candidate cities. Which city do you want to win? Where would you travel to see the Olympics?

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Week #2 Additional Posts:

Facebook: [Link to Website] Sochi hosts the 2014 Winter Games. Navigate to the U.S. Embassy’s Website to learn about how Sochi became the host and find out which city may be next in 2020!

Facebook: [Figure 7] The opening ceremony of Sochi 2014 Winter Olympic Games and Paralympic Games will take place in the . “Fisht” means “white head” in Adyghe language. The Stadium is built to resemble the surrounding mountains and has a transparent roof so that spectators inside can see the snowy peaks outside.

Twitter: [Figure 7] “Fisht” means “white head” in Adyghe language. The opening ceremony of Sochi 2014 Winter Olympic Games and Paralympic Games will take place in the Fisht Olympic Stadium. Figure 7 10

Facebook: [Link to Website] Which American cities have hosted the Winter Olympic Games? Answer: Lake Placid NY - 1932 & 1980, Squaw Valley CA - 1960, and UT – 2002.

Twitter: [Link to website] Can you name which American cities have hosted the Winter Olympics?

Facebook: [Figure 8] Only 8 cities have ever hosted the Olympics more than once. One of those cities in Lake Placid, New York,

Twitter: [Figure 9] It’s an , within an , within Sochi, within Russia. Building the 2014 Winter Olympics!

Figure 9 Figure 8 Embed YouTube Video: Construction (Russian) 11

Week #: August 19-26, 2013: Women in the Olympics

Website: *Figure 10+ Today is Women’s Equality Day! U.S. Congress designated this day to call attention to on-going fight for equality. There’s no doubt that women athletes are fighting their way to the top at the Olympics. The number of women Olympians has steadily increased over the past several years and at the 2012 Olympics, for the first time in history, women competed on every national team. More women than men competed on Team USA, and they also won the most medals! Women Olympians are more than just phenomenal athletes; they are also powerful role models. They demonstrate the enormous possibilities available to girls and women. August 26th, Women’s Equality Day, is a day to acknowledge women’s achievements and join the fight for full equality. At Sochi 2014, it’s anyone’s game!

Facebook: *Figure 10+ Today is Women’s Equality Day! Incredible female athletes from around the world will compete in the Winter Olympic Games in Sochi, Russia. At Sochi 2014, it’s anyone’s game!

Twitter: *Link to Website+ It’s Women’s Equality Day! Support Women Athletes at Sochi 2014!

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Notes & References - August

Figure Photo File Name/Video Description Source/ Credit Title 1 Host Cities Map.jpg Map marking Olympia and Generated on Sochi 2 Coubertin.jpg Photo Pierre de Coubertin, Copyright Bettmann/Corbis / Olympic co-founder AP Photo 3 “Spirit in Motion” Promotion/overview of http://youtu.be/t1YBr2gxrQw Paralympics 4 1 Год до Паралимпийских Promotional video leading http://youtu.be/OSnXLKMpfgs Игр в Сочи up to Paralympics 5 Host Cities Map.jpg Map marked with host mapsengine.google.com cities 6 Selection Process Timeline Diagram of host NONE – created on Word Diagram.docx city selection process 7 Fisht Stadium.jpg Computer design of Fisht Sochi 2014 Organizing Stadium Committee: Press Center 8 Lake Placid Olympics WPA poster for Lake Placid Wikimedia Commons: 1937.jpg Olympics Available by Lib. of Congress 9 Sochi Olympic Park Video clips of Sochi http://youtu.be/BDtZr6HrBpQ Construction (Russian) Construction w/ labels 10 Women’s Equality.jpg We Can Do It! Poster Wikimedia Commons: no copyright

Additional English Language Resources

History of the Olympics: PDF file “Ancient Olympic History.pdf” saved in the “Olympic Campaign - August” folder. Published by the International Olympic Committee. Describes the ancient Olympics.

Overview of the Paralympics:

1. What is Paralympic Sport? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wopRlzdXlj4&feature=share&list=PL6CBAXPeBajmDx3ENJ7Tm3XgpH23dOw L1

2. Sochi 2014: 1 Year to go until Sochi 2014 Paralympic Games (English) http://youtu.be/PavS8TiUM_0

Website of U.S. Olympic Host Cities:

1. Lake Placid: http://www.whiteface.com/facilities/olympic-center

2. Salt Lake: http://saltlake2002legacy.com/

Pentagon Library of Congress: Articles, links, and book citations for information about Women’s Equality Day

http://www.whs.mil/library/women.htm

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September Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Competition 2020 host Announcement Three Agitos city Olympic rings announced 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Motto/

22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Medals

29 30 Flame/Torch Contest Winner Announcement

September Introduction: Website: The theme for September is ! This means that each week the U.S. Embassy website, Facebook and Twitter is featuring information about the world’s most recognizable symbols, such as the Olympic rings, anthem, mottos and torch. Most importantly, the Embassy is holding a photo competition. Use any material of your choice to symbolize the Olympic rings. Take a photo of your design and send it to (email) by (date). At the end of the month, the photo of the most creative interpretation of the Olympic rings will be posted on the U.S. Embassy Website and social media!

For ideas, inspiration and examples of interesting ways to represent the Olympic rings, visit Sarah Hyndman’s blog at www.olympiclogoaday.com 14

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Olympic Symbol Creation Contest

[Figure 1] Use any material of your choice to symbolize the Olympic rings. Take a photo of your design and send it to (email) by (date). At the end of the month, the photo of the most creative interpretation of the Olympic rings will be posted on the U.S. Embassy Website and social media!

For ideas, inspiration and examples of interesting ways to represent the Olympic rings, visit Sarah Hyndman’s blog at www.olympiclogoaday.com

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Week #1: September 2-8, 2013: Olympic Symbols

Symbols, part I: Olympic Rings Website: French baron, Pierre de Coubertin, not only started the movement to found the modern Olympic Games, but he also designed the Olympic Rings. Coubertin described the Rings and their meaning in the following quote:

“ The Olympic *…+ has a white background, with five interlaced rings in the centre: blue, yellow, black, green and red *…+. This design is symbolic; it represents the five of the world, united by , while the six colours are those that appear on all the national flags of the world at the present time. ” (1931) Textes choisis, vol. II, p.470.

Many understood Coubertin’s statement to mean that the rings’ coloration represents each of the nations that competed in the first of the modern Olympic Games. The International Olympic Committee, however, states that the rings do not correspond to a specific nation or . Rather, the rings are interlaced to symbolize the universality of the Games; the Olympic Games invite people from around the world to engage in a peaceful and cooperative sporting event. Coubertin designed the Olympic rings in one way; how you would you design them? How would your design symbolize all nations engaging one another in healthy competition? Take a photo of your design and send it to (email) by (date). At the end of the month, the photo of the most creative interpretation of the Olympic rings will be posted on the U.S. Embassy Website and social media! [Figure 2]

Figure 4

Olympic rings like these ones at the Sochi Airport are among the most widely recognized symbols in the world. Participate in the Olympic Symbol Creation Contest and have your interpretation of the Olympic rings featured on the Embassy website and social media!

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Facebook: [Figure 2] Olympic rings like these ones at the Sochi Airport are among the most widely recognized symbols in the world. Participate in the Olympic Symbol Creation Contest and have your interpretation of the Olympic rings featured on the Embassy website and social media!

Twitter: [Link to Website] Coubertin created the Olympic Rings symbol in 1912. Create your own version of the Rings for the Olympic Symbol Creation Contest! 17

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Symbols, part II: The three Agitos

Website: The Paralympic Symbol (three Agitos) consists of three elements in red, blue and green – the three colors that are most widely represented in national flags around the world. The three Agitos (from the meaning “I move”) encircling a central point symbolize motion, emphasize the role of the Paralympic Movement in bringing athletes together from all corners of the world to compete. The symbol also emphasizes the fact that Paralympic athletes are constantly inspiring and exciting the world with their performances: always moving forward and never giving up. The previous , which are no longer in use, were based on the traditional Korean decorative component called ‘Tae-Geuk’. According to oriental philosophy, Tae-Geuk refers to the ultimate reality from which all things and values originate. Tae-Geuks started to be used at the 1988 Summer Paralympic Games in , . With five Tae- Geuks *Figure + arranged similarly to the Olympic Rings, in a similar set of five colors, the symbol was not considered distinctive enough and therefore was changed to a three-Tae-Geuk design. [Figure ] Until 2003, the three-Tae-Geuk design was used for the Paralympic Symbol. In the same year, after a strategic review process, this symbol was replaced by the current one – the three Agitos. [Source: International Paralympic Committee Brand Brook, February 2013]

Figure 3

Figure 4 Figure 5 The three Agitos, Symbol of the Paralympics

Facebook: *Figure 5+ The three Agitos (from the Latin meaning “I move”) encircling a central point symbolize motion, emphasize the role of the Paralympic Movement in bringing athletes together from all corners of the world to compete. Keep an eye out for the three Agitos at the Paralympic Games 2014 Paralympic Winter Games in Sochi.

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Week #2: September 9-15, 2013: , Hymn, Motto

Website: In addition to the official logos of the Olympics and Paralympics, there are other significant symbols, such as the oath, hymn and motto. The Olympic Oath states, "In the name of all competitors, I promise that we shall take part in these Olympic Games, respecting and abiding by the rules which govern them, in the true spirit of sportsmanship, for the glory of sport and the honor of our teams." Baron Pierre de Coubertin wrote the oath for the athletes to recite at each Olympic Games. During the opening ceremonies, one athlete from the host nation recites the oath on behalf of all the athletes while holding a corner of the Olympic flag. A judge from the host country also speaks the oath, with slightly different wording. The Olympic oath was first taken during the 1920 Olympic Games by Belgian fencer Victor Boin.

The taking of the Paralympic Oath is an important part of the protocol procedures during the Opening Ceremony at the Paralympic Games. After the Paralympic flag has been raised, an athlete from the team of the nation that is organizing the Paralympic Games mounts the official rostrum. He or she holds a corner of the Paralympic flag and raises his/her right hand while reciting the following solemn oath, thereby renewing his/her commitment to a fair competition and the ideals of the Paralympic Movement on behalf of all participants: “In the name of all the competitors I promise that we shall take part in these Paralympic Games, respecting and abiding by the rules which govern them, committing ourselves to a sport without doping and without drugs, in the true spirit of sportsmanship for the glory of sport and the honour of our teams.” This oath was adapted from the Olympic Oath written by Pierre de Coubertin. *Source: International Paralympic Committee]

Week #4: September 16-23, 2013: Olympic Mascot

Website: The Olympic are a warm and friendly presence amid the intensity of the world’s most competitive athletic events. The first official Olympic Mascot dates back to the 1972 Olympic Games. Since then, Olympic Mascots have become a main element of the Olympic image. There are three mascots for the Sochi Winter Olympics: the Hare, the Polar Bear and the Leopard. Whereas mascots are usually selected by the local organizing committee of the host city, the Sochi mascots were selected through a contest. The Sochi Organizing Committee allowed first and later internationals to send in drawings of ideas for mascots. The Committee received 24,048 submissions, Figure 6 from which it selected 10. Then, through the televised program “Talismaniya Sochi 2014 – The Final” on February 26, 2011 , the Russian public voted for the three mascots you see in the picture below! [Figure 6].

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Facebook: [Figure 7] Where have you seen the mascots of the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics?

Figure 7

Embed Video: Olympic Mascots (Russian): http://youtu.be/iqjpTNtcLQ4 20

Twitter: Sochi Mascot website (Russian): http://talisman.sochi2014.com/

Week #4: September 23-29, 2013: Olympic Medals

Website: The Olympic medals are designed for each individual Olympic Games by the host city's organizing committee. The medals - gold, silver, and bronze - represent the highest levels of athletic achievement at the Games. Olympic medals must be at least 60 millimeters in diameter and at least three millimeters thick. The gold and silver Olympic medals must be made out of 92.5 percent pure silver, with the covered in at least six grams of gold.

Figure 8 Figure 9

2014 Sochi Winter Paralympic Gold Medal (left), Olympic Gold Medal (right)

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Facebook: [Figure 9] The Olympic medals are designed for each individual Olympic Games by the host city's organizing committee. The medals - gold, silver, and bronze - represent the highest levels of athletic achievement at the Games. What would you give the Olympic champions?

Twitter: [Figure 9] Six grams of gold in every 1 place medal at the Sochi Winter Olympics!

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Week #5: September 30, 2013: Olympic Torch Relay

Website: [Figure 10] The or Olympic Torch is a symbol of the Olympic Games. The tradition of lighting an Olympic Flame comes from the ancient . During the Ancient Olympic Games, a sacred flame was ignited from the sun’s rays at Olympia in Greece and then kept burning until the closing of the Olympic Games. This flame represented the "endeavor for protection and struggle for victory." The flame was first introduced into our Modern Olympics at the 1928 Amsterdam Games. The modern Olympic Torch relay was first introduced at the 1936 Berlin Olympic Games. The Olympic flame is lit at the ancient site of Olympia by women wearing ancient-style robes. The Olympic Torch is then passed from runner to runner from the ancient site of Olympia to the Olympic stadium in the hosting city and symbolizes the continuation of Olympic traditions from one generation to the next! The Olympic Torch for the Sochi 2014 Olympics will arrive in Moscow on October 7th 2013. From Moscow, it will travel through all 83 of Russia’s federal subjects. Click the link to find out about the Torch Relay and when the Flame will be near you! http://torchrelay.sochi2014.com/

Figure 10

Ilia Averkbukh, Russian silver medalist and 2002 World Champion in ice dancing, presents the torch and uniform of the 2014 Olympic and Paralympic torch relay.

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Facebook: [Figure 10] The Olympic Torch for the Sochi 2014 Olympics will arrive in Moscow on October 7th 2013. From Moscow, it will travel through all 83 of Russia’s federal subjects. Click the link to find out about the Torch Relay and when the Flame will be near you! http://torchrelay.sochi2014.com/

Twitter: The Olympic Torch is on the move! When will it be near you? http://torchrelay.sochi2014.com/

Facebook: [Figure 11]

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Notes & References – September

Figure File Name Description Source/Credit 1 Interpretations - Olympic Compilation of interpretive Sarah Hyndman’s blog Rings.jpg designs of Olympic Rings www.olympiclogoaday.com 2 Olympic Rings_Sochi.jpg Sign in shape of Olympic AP Photo Rings at the Sochi Airport 3 Three Tae-Geuk.jpg Earlier Olympic symbol Wikimedia Commons 4 Five Tae-Geuk.jpg Earlier Olympic symbol Wikimedia Commons 5 Three Agitos London.jpg Paralympic Symbol on AP Photo (Sebastian London Bridge Widmann/dapd)

6 Sochi Mascots.jpg Postal stamp of Sochi Sochi 2014 Organizing Mascots Committee 7 Идеи талисманов Игр Description of development http://youtu.be/iqjpTNtcLQ4 of Olympic mascots 8 Sochi Paralympic Gold.jpg Paralympic Gold Medal Sochi 2014 Organizing Sochi 2014 Committee 9 Sochi Olympic Gold.jpg Olympic Gold Medal Sochi Sochi 2014 Organizing 2014 Committee 10 Torch Relay.jpg Ilia Averkbukh holding Sochi 2014 Organizing Olympic torch Committee: Press Center

Additional English Language Resources

Print Materials: PDF Files saved in folder “Olympic Campaign – September”

Topic File Name Description Mascots Mascots, 1976-2014.pdf Produced by International Olympic Committee. Contains history, photos, fun facts etc. about Olympic mascots from , 1976 to Sochi, 2014 Olympic Symbols The Olympic Symbols.pdf Published by the Olympic Museum, explanations of Olympic symbols Paralympic Symbols Paralympic Oath.pdf Published by IPC, description and history of Paralympic Oath IPC Brand Handbook IPC Brand Handbook.pdf Official IPC publication with info about Paralympic Movement & Symbol

Online Materials: 1. Official interactive website of Sochi Mascots: http://talisman.sochi2014.com/en/

2. IPC Symbols:

Motto: http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/[email protected]

Three Agitos: http://www.paralympic.org/Agitos 23

Olympic Hymn: The , also known informally as the Olympic Anthem, is played when the Olympic Flag is raised at the opening ceremony and again when the flag is lowered at the closing. It was during the 1896 Olympic Games held in Athens when the Olympic Hymn was first played. The music was composed by Spirou Samara. The lyrics were written by Greece's national poet, Costis Palamas. In 1958, the International Olympic Committee declared it as the official Olympic Anthem. The Paralympic Hymn is played at the start and end of the Paralympic Games. The Hymn is called “Hymn del L’Avenir” (Eng: Anthem of the Future) was composed by Thierry Darnis became the official Hymn in March 1996.

Text source: International Paralympic Committee Brand Brook, February 2013: http://www.paralympic.org/sites/default/files/document/130201151815660_IPC_13_Brandbook_130201_s.pdf)

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Extended Calendar

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Please feel free to contact me with any questions at my personal email address: [email protected]