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IIM METAL NEWS ISSN 0972-0480 Monthly Vol.23 No.2 FEBRUARY 2020 Metallurgy Materials Engineering The Indian Institute of Metals 1 2 IIM METAL NEWS Vol. 23 No. 2 February 2020 C TECHNICAL ARTICLE O Zinc and its Critical Role in Human Health 6 - L Pugazhenthy N TECHNICAL ARTICLE T Case Hardening Steel for Manufacturing 8 E Piston Pin - Srikumar Chakraborty N TECHNICAL ARTICLE T Spring Materials : Stainless Steel and 14 Nonferrous S - M K Das Recent Developments 18 News Update 21 Member News 24 IIM Chapter Activities 26 Obituary 28 Seminars & Conferences 29 Steel Statistics 30 Non-Ferrous Statistics 33 The IIM Metal News and The Indian Institute of Metals do not accept any responsibility for the statements made and the opinion expressed by the author(s) in the technical articles. Printed and Published by Shri Kushal Saha, Secretary General, on behalf of “The Indian Institute of Metals”, and printed at Print Max, 44, Biplabi Pulindas Street, Kolkata-700009 • Email : [email protected] and published at ‘Metal House’, Plot 13/4, Block AQ, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata-700091, West Bengal, India E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Phone: 033-2367 9768 / 2367 5004 Website: www.iim-india.net Fax: (033) 2367 5335 Editor : Dr. Santanu Ray Vol.23 No.2 FEBRUARY 2020 3 IIM METAL NEWS THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF METALS PATRONS Mr R M Dastur Mr Sajjan Jindal Dr Baba Kalyani Mr Satish Pai ADVISORY COMMITTEE OF FORMER PRESIDENTS Mr R N Parbat Dr Dipankar Banerjee Prof K Chattopadhyay Mr L Pugazhenthy Mr M Narayana Rao Dr R N Patra Dr Sanak Mishra Mr H M Nerurkar Mr S S Mohanty Dr U Kamachi Mudali, Convenor COUNCIL FOR THE YEAR 2019-20 PRESIDENT Dr U Kamachi Mudali VICE PRESIDENT & CHAIRMAN VICE PRESIDENT & CHAIRMAN VICE PRESIDENT & CHAIRMAN Non-Ferrous Division Ferrous Division Metal Science Division Prof Amol A Gokhale Mr T V Narendran Dr Samir V Kamat IMMEDIATE FORMER PRESIDENT Mr Anand Sen SECRETARY GENERAL Mr Kushal Saha HON TREASURER CONTROLLER OF EXAMINATION CHIEF EDITOR, TRANSACTIONS MANAGING EDITOR, IIM METAL NEWS Mr Somnath Guha Prof P K Mitra Prof B S Murty Dr Santanu Ray Jt. SECRETARY (Office of President) Mr Niraj Kumar MEMBERS Mr Raghavendra Adiga Prof Sushil K Mishra Dr Daniel Sagayaraj T A Dr R Balamuralikrishnan Prof N K Mukhopadhyay Mr B Saha Dr Suddhasatwa Basu Dr P Ramesh Narayanan Dr Arjit Saha Podder Mr Anirban Dasgupta Prof Jagannath Nayak Prof S Raman Sankaranarayanan Dr D De Sarkar Dr Vinod K Nowal Mr D K Saraogi Mr Debashis Deb Dr Sarmishtha Palit Sagar Mr Babu Sathian Mr K K Ghosh Prof Prita Pant Dr J D Sharma Mr B M Hasan Dr P Parameswaran Mr Sanjay Sharma Mr S K Jha Mr Sudhanshu Pathak Mr Kaushal Sinha Dr Sunil D Kahar Mr Abhijit Pati Mr Lokendra Raj Singh Dr Vivekanand Kain Dr Pradip Prof Sudhanshu Shekhar Singh Prof M Kamaraj Mr Amarendu Prakash Mr Sushil Kumar Singh Dr J Krishnamoorthi Dr N Eswara Prasad Dr Piyush Singhal Prof Rampada Manna Dr Divakar Ramachandran Dr A Srinivasan Mr K L Mehrotra Mr Pradosh Kumar Rath Dr Dinesh Srivastava Mr Bibhu Prasad Mishra Mr Gajraj Singh Rathore Prof Satyam Suwas Mr Manasa Prasad Mishra Mr Barun Roy Dr P V Venkitakrishnan FORMER PRESIDENTS 1946-48 Late J J Ghandy 1977-78 Late V A Altekar 1992-93 Late A C Wadhawan 2007-08 Dr Srikumar Banerjee 1948-50 Late P Ginwala 1978-79 Late T R Anantharaman 1993-94 Dr R Krishnan 2008-09 Mr L Pugazhenthy 1950-52 Late Phiroz Kutar 1979-80 Late P L Agrawal 1994-95 Dr S K Gupta 2009-10 Dr Sanak Mishra 1952-54 Late G C Mitter 1980-81 Late EG Ramachandran 1995-96 Mr R N Parbat 2010-11 Dr D Banerjee 1954-56 Late M S Thacker 1981-82 Late C V Sundaram 1996-97 Late P Rodriguez 2011-12 Mr M Narayana Rao 1956-58 Late K S Krishnan 1982-83 Late Samarpungavan 1997-98 Late S Das Gupta 2012-13 Mr H M Nerurkar 1958-60 Late S K Nanavati 1983-84 Late J Marwaha 1998-99 Dr C G K Nair 2013-14 Prof K Chattopadhyay 1960-62 Late G K Ogale 1984-85 Late A K Seal 1999-00 Prof S Ranganathan 2014-15 Dr R N Patra 1962-65 Late Dara. P. Antia 1985-86 Dr J J Irani 2000-01 Mr V Gujral 2015-16 Mr S S Mohanty 1965-67 Late B R Nijhawan 1986-87 Late Y M Mehta 2001-02 Late P Parvathisem 2016-17 Prof Indranil Manna 1967-70 Late M N Dastur 1987-88 Dr V S Arunachalam 2002-03 Late P Ramachandra Rao 2017-18 Dr Biswajit Basu 1970-72 Late Brahm Prakash 1988-89 Late S R Jain 2003-04 Dr S K Bhattacharyya 2018-19 Mr Anand Sen 1972-74 Late P Anant 1989-90 Late L R Vaidyanath 2004-05 Dr T K Mukherjee 1974-76 Late FAA Jasdanwalla 1990-91 Dr P Rama Rao 2005-06 Late Baldev Raj 1976-77 Late S Visvanathan 1991-92 Dr T Mukherjee 2006-07 Mr B Muthuraman FORMER SECRETARIES/SECRETARY GENERALS* 1946-57 Late Dara. P. Antia 1968-76 Dr M N Parthasarathi 1986-97 Late S S Das Gupta 2006-13 *Mr J C Marwah 1958-67 Mr R D Lalkaka 1977-86 Late L R Vaidyanath 1997-06 Mr J C Marwah 2013-15 *Mr Bhaskar Roy 2015-18 *Mr Sadhan Kumar Roy IIM METAL NEWS 4 Vol.23 No.2 FEBRUARY 2020 Vol.23 No.2 FEBRUARY 2020 Vol.23 No.2 FEBRUARY 2020 5 IIM METAL NEWS TECHNICAL ARTICLE Zinc and its Critical Role in Human Health L. Pugazhenthy Zinc is an essential element for good health in element zinc which can help the body not to absorb individuals. Moreover, it is the mineral in which people these metals. Atomic absorption spectrometry is the are most likely to be deficient. Trace elements are preferred method for determining zinc and gives values found in body in minute quantities, without them none with good reproducibility. of the boy’s vital chemical reactions could take place. The average adult human (body weight of 70 kg) The trace element zinc helps to form the enzymes that contains between 1.4 and 2.30 g of zinc, as compared enable proteins to become the ‘building blocks’ of new with 4.2-6.1 g of iron and 81-230 mg of copper. Zinc cells. Deficiency can lead to various syndromes with deficiency may result from a number of factors, the immune disorders, disturbances of liver, disturbances in most obvious one being an inadequate diet. Even in sexual development, disturb wound healing and cause Western countries, food stuffs may often contain only skin diseases. Zinc is, therefore, essential for growth, small amounts of zinc. The World Health Organization sexual development and good heal and also helps to has recommended a daily intake of 15 mg of zinc for decrease susceptibility to infection and promotes the average individual person. Without this intake, the wound healing. Zinc has been shown to have beneficial body will contain insufficient zinc. Intake is via food, effects on muscle strength and endurance and in raising water and air. Its absorption is equal when taken as the threshold of fatigue. oxide, carbonate, sulphate or metal, but as sulphide Dermatologists in Sweden have successfully treated and as mixed Fe-Zn-Mn oxide it is excreted practically skin ailments with zinc supplements. In some instances, unaltered. people who suffered from severe acne, and who had found that no other treatment had helped, noticed Table 1 : Zinc – Recommended Daily Intake (mg/day) that after taking a special preparation of zinc sulphate their skin condition had improved within 4 weeks and continues to get better. Approximate zinc content (in milligram) in food items Owing to the increased public concern about heavy metal such as lead and cadmium, commonly found in the atmosphere of most industrial and inter-city areas, scientists are now showing a greater interest in the trace Executive Director, India Lead Zinc Development Association & Past President, The Indian Institute of Metals IIM METAL NEWS 6 Vol.23 No.2 FEBRUARY 2020 Low levels of zinc have been found in patients with The intake from water is limited even if it contains heart disease, liver disease, some cancers, ulcer and in 5mg/ litre. A human being drinks approx. 1.5L of liquid women who are pregnant, breast-feeding or taking oral per day and there is a further intake of 1.5L of water contraceptives. Zinc appears to play an important role content of foodstuffs, water of oxidation as a metabolic in regulating hormonal changes in the body that relate product etc., According to the recommended value, to many of the side effects experienced by woman for 1.5L of fluid drunk, intake would only be around on the contraceptive pill, and during premenstrual 7.5mg zinc, while coffee, tea and alcohol can inhibit and menopausal problems, e.g., depressions, brittle the body’s absorption of zinc. fingernails and thinning hair. A suitable alternative may be zinc supplements, An intake of 15mg/ day of zinc in suitable form is although everybody should be careful to check the recommended for adults, with an additional 15mg/ day amount of zinc contained in these preparations. For during pregnancy and 19mg /day during lactation (6 example, most multivitamins say that they contain months). Benefits attributed to zinc supplements have zinc, but usually the quantity is very small and under included such diverse items as reduced body odour, less certain circumstances is bound with other substances acne and some relief of persons suffering from chronic that prevent much of the zinc being absorbed by the prostrate inflammation.