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San Juan National Historic Site Long-Range Interpretive Plan San Juan National Historic Site Long-Range Interpretive Plan

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San Juan National Historic Site Long-Range Interpretive Plan San Juan National Historic Site Long-Range Interpretive Plan National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior San Juan National Historic Site Puerto Rico San Juan National Historic Site Long-Range Interpretive Plan San Juan National Historic Site Long-Range Interpretive Plan Prepared by the Department of Interpretive Planning Harpers Ferry Center and San Juan National Historic Site September 2006 National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Contents Introduction and Background 1 Introduction 1 Executive Summary 3 The Planning Process 6 Legislation 6 Background for Planning 8 Foundation for Planning 15 Purpose and Significance 15 Interpretive Themes 16 Visitor Experience Goals 17 Existing Conditions 19 Visitor Profiles 19 Visitor Experience Parkwide 23 Facilities 26 Interpretive Media 35 Media Assets 41 Personal Services 49 Partnerships 53 Recommendations 55 Pre-visit Information 56 Arrival Experience 57 Personal Services 58 Facilities 64 Media 66 Partnerships 76 Appendices 81 A: Interpretive Themes and Related Stories 81 B: 1999 Visitor Survey Report Summary 85 C: Accessibility 87 D: New Orleans Chapter 88 E. Conservation Guidelines 90 F. Station Interpretation 103 G. Itemized List of Interpretive Media 104 H. References 113 I. Planning Team 114 J. Matrix 116 Acronyms AV: audiovisual CLR: Cultural Landscape Report GMP: General Management Plan HFC: Harpers Ferry Center IDP: Interpretive Development Program IPM: Integrated Pest Management LRIP: Long-Range Interpretive Plan NHS: National Historic Site NPS: National Park Service RH: Relative Humidity UNESCO: United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization USDOI: United States Department of Interior INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND Introduction nent historic value of the Spanish fortifications as one of the finest surviving examples of military The fortifications of San Juan, Puerto Rico, have engineering and worked to protect them. The dominated the Caribbean landscape for over four United States Secretary of Interior designated the centuries. They stand as a formidable testimony to fortifications a national historic site in 1949. the people and issues of the day bearing symbolic Twelve years later, in 1961, they were transferred to witness to changing uses and values over time. the National Park Service and the Commonwealth Designated by the United Nations Educational, of Puerto Rico. Scientific and Cultural Organization as a World Heritage Site in 1983, today these awe-inspiring Today three forts - San Felipe del Morro, San structures are protected by San Juan National Cristóbal and San Juan de la Cruz, (better known Historic Site, a unit of the National Park Service, as El Cañuelo) and most of what remains of the United States Department of Interior. fortress wall that surrounds the City of Old San Juan along with the San Juan Gate compose San On the islands that we know today as Puerto Rico, Juan National Historic Site (NHS). The remaining the Spanish Empire constructed, modified, and sections of the fortification system are managed by maintained an outpost settlement whose primary the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. The slow goal was to protect the strategic port of San Juan. transference from a military reservation to a unit of This outpost provided access to the Caribbean the National Park Service (NPS) parallels the evo- Sea, the Caribbean Islands, New Spain (Mexico lution of the island's residents from Spanish and Central America) and South America. From colonists to United States citizens in the 1521-1898 Spanish military personnel and the resi- Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, a territory of the dents of San Juan successfully defended the terri- United States. For many native Puerto Ricans the torial interests of Spain. Following the 1898 forts represent their unique cultural heritage. Spanish American War, the fortifications were Images of the forts, particularly the sentry boxes or transferred to the United States. garitas are found throughout all of Puerto Rico. This shift in world power at the end of the 19th San Juan NHS has received approval from the century marked the beginning of a significant peri- Washington Office, NPS to proceed with planning od of change, both for the fortifications and the for interpretive media projects using 80% fee people of this island. The forts became strategic money. These projects are defined through the outposts for the United States during World War I, NPS' Project Management Information System World War II, and the Cold War. The forts were program. In light of these upcoming projects and upgraded by the U. S. Army with a variety of mili- the significant improvements required, San Juan tary defense structures and support buildings and NHS requested the NPS' Interpretive Design renamed Fort Brooke. Although an active military Center, commonly referred to as "Harpers Ferry reservation, the U.S. military recognized the emi- Center or "HFC", to undertake comprehensive 1 Introduction and Background interpretive planning with park and regional staff, partners, historians, stakeholders, and media spe- cialists. Partners and Stakeholders included pri- vate citizens and staff from Puerto Rico National Park Company, Puerto Rico Tourism Company, Eastern National, US Forest Service, and State Historic Preservation Office, among others. This Long-Range Interpretive Plan (LRIP) is a direct result of two workshops held in August 2003 and May 2004. LRIP recommendations will guide the development and implementation of interpre- tive facilities, media, personal services and part- nerships that support the delivery of the interpre- tive program for the next decade. The goal of the planning team is to promote park resource values through specially planned visitor experiences and excellence in interpretation. 2 Introduction and Background Executive Summary Interpretive Design Center, commonly referred to The fortifications of San Juan, Puerto Rico are as "Harpers Ferry Center" (HFC) to undertake the protected by San Juan National Historic Site planning effort. During the August 2003 and May (NHS), a unit of the National Park Service, United 2004 LRIP workshops, a wide cross-section of States Department of Interior and the park partners and media specialists assisted the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, a territory of the staff in re-defining park purpose and significance United States. They are also designated as a World statements, the development of interpretive Heritage Site by the United Nations Educational, themes and visitor experience goals, and the evalu- Scientific and Cultural Organization. Today three ation of existing conditions. This LRIP will guide forts - San Felipe del Morro, San Cristóbal and San the development and implementation of interpre- Juan de la Cruz, (better known as El Cañuelo) and tive facilities, media, personal services and the most of what remains of the fortress wall that sur- partnerships that support the delivery of the inter- rounds the City of Old San Juan along with the San pretive program for the next decade. It is critical Juan Gate compose San Juan NHS. The remaining to acknowledge that successful implementation of recommendations to produce new interpretive Park Guide Kina Gonzalez gives a program in sections of the fortification system are managed by the tunnels at Fort San Cristobal, NPS Photo the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. Over one mil- media and create additional interpretive positions lion visitors travel to visit this historic site each is funding dependent. year. Superintendent Walter Chavez approved the draft- The park requested Servicewide planning money LRIP in August 2004. The 2-year delay in the pub- to replace their very outdated 1985 General lication of the LRIP is due to several factors. In Management Plan (GMP). During 2002, the essence, the park staff and planner have been busy Southeast Regional Office conducted an addressing program deficiencies identified during Interpretive Review and recommended that the the planning process. Actions included: park also seek funding for a Long-Range Interpretive Plan (LRIP). While it is best that a • Superintendent Chavez requested the planner to GMP precede an LRIP, the planning money for the work with HFC media specialists to obtain Class LRIP became available first, in 2003. Park man- C estimates for all LRIP recommended media agers felt that it was critical to proceed with the projects. These estimates were provided to the development of the LRIP to better protect park park in January 2005. resources, communicate their values, and serve visitors. To date, the request for a new GMP has • Media projects: In anticipation of the numerous not been funded. It is the intent of the park man- media projects that would be going through agement staff to utilize the work of this plan to HFC, in the fall 2005 an HFC project manager inform the future GMP. was assigned to assist the park. During 2005 sev- eral media projects were funded - the develop- The park requested the National Park Service's ment of a Parkwide Wayside Exhibit Proposal/Plan, a Wayfinding Assessment/Plan 3 Introduction and Background and the captioning of two park films for pro- The planning team consistently identified seven grammatic accessibility. During 2006, funding major areas of emphasis in order to interpret park was secured to begin the early planning stages themes and achieve park management goals for for a parkwide Exhibit Proposal and related visi- interpretation and visitor services. All recommen- tor assessment. dations reflect and support this program emphasis. The planning team defined the need to: • The Chief of
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