Index

A heat 1526 ab initio 39,424,426,430,455,470,485,655,661, isotherm 1510 711 kinetics 1509,1511 abiotic preferential 274 attenuation 1579 adsorption-desorption 1160 degradation 1175 adsorptive power 1510 process 1151 aerosolization 354 absorbance 343 aerospace 852,1640 absorption capacity 1635 AFM 569,706 acceptor number 566 agar 710 acetaldehyde 1131 aggregate mass 689 acetic acid 9,506,829 vesicular 690 acetone 341-342,640,829,847,849,854,881,906, aggregates 506,580,697 959,1149,1508 aggregation 565,570,578,689,697 acetonitrile 2,13 agitation speed 798 acetophenone 819 agriculture 1640 acid/base air 1149 character 580 contaminants, standard 925 interaction 3,565,570,584,683,689 velocity 1526 properties 617 airflow 353-354 acidic groups 348 airways 1082 acidity 585,806,1053 Alagona approach 444 acids 574 alcohol consumption 1396 acoustic alcohols 127,137,806,828,880 dissipation 364 alkahest 7 wave admittance analysis 342 alkalinity 1053 acrylics 848 alkanes 127 acrylonitrile 787 N-alkylpyridinium 1468 activated carbon 1509,1513,1543,1634 allergic effects 1319 service life 1531 potential 1320 activation Allerhand-Schleyer scale 588 energy 778,807 p-allylanisole 826 theory 362 allylation 811 activity coefficient 177,282 altitude 1191 at infinite dilution 164 alumina 1513 adhesion 14,339,570 aluminum stearate 693 adhesives 581,847,849,851,1638 amine 510 anaerobic 847 aminoacids 23 chemically reactive 847 ammonia 16 polychloroprene 849 amobarbital 286 pressure-sensitive 851 amorphous UV-curable 847 phase 351 adsorbent 1509 structure 348 inner surface area 1510 amphiphiles 691 adsorption 570,1151 amphotericity 577 capacity 1510 n-amyl acetate 848-849 enthalpy 1509 n-amyl ketone 849 fundamentals 1509 analytical ultracentrifuge 186 anemia 1376 1658 Index anhydrous form 282 bioavailability 1130 aniline 9 biocatalysis 875 point 102,1056 biodegradation 1151 anisole 819 first-order 1153 annealing 254 potential 1054 anthraquinone 701 biofilm 1624 antifungal properties 881 biological antigens 1361 membrane 866,870 antiparallel orientation 12 monitoring 1080 Antoine equation 389 biomarker 1375 apolar 875,884 bioreactor 1624 approximation, two-body 37 biosphere 856 aprotic 762-763,798,811,813,829 biotic process 1151 aquifer 1572 biotransformation 859,1133,1618 Arrhenius description 573 biphenyls 287,301 asphalt 855 bleaching 344 processing 1640 blends 184,694 association blistering 956 heteromolecular 505-507 blisters 1131 number 692,689 Blodgett-Langmuir film 496 self 350 blood 1081 asthma 1328 blue shift 639 atomic surface tension 482 blush resistor 956 ATP 866 boiling attenuation capacity 1163 point 1055 autoignition temperature 1054 temperature 15 automotive 851 Boltzmann factor 476,655 finishing 1641 bond industry 958 covalent 16 maintenance 1641 energy 16 painting operations 1641 intermolecular 345 autoprotolysis 524 strength 849 Axilrod-Teller term 453 Bondi approach 126 Bootstrap model 791 B Born bacteria approach 482 Gram-positive 862 equation 769 solvent-tolerant 859 formula 677 Bader charges 444 model 769 barbituric acid 286 radius 771 Barker-Henderson approach 749 term 652 barotropic effect 1425 theory 133,738 barrier properties 693 Born-Kirkwood-Onsager expansion 665 basicity 585 Born-Oppenheimer approximation 422 bathochromic shift 590,592,602 Bose-Einstein statistics 429 battery electrolytes 1472 boson 429 Beer law 353 boundary Benard cells 412 condition 312 benzene 1,39,105,127,342,697-698,812,817, surface 419 829,848,882,952,957,1127,1133,1334 Brannon-Peppas equation 348 exposure 1365 breakdown voltage 1059 benzonitrile 794 breakthrough time 342,1631,1633,1635 benzyl alcohol 778,854 breath monitoring 1079 benzyl cyanide 815 breathing 1634 BET 1510 Brillouin theorem 659 binding energy 754 Bristow-Watson method 246 binodal 131,148,184,191-192,400,408 bromine index 1055 Handbook of Solvents 1659 bromobenzene 691-692,784 reaction 2 1-bromobutane 811 catheters 956 Brönsted equation 587 cation radius 771 Brooker scale 590 cavitation 371 Brownian dynamics 472 free energy 11,17 bubble cavity 284,366 collapse 360 boundary 498 dynamics 356,366 collapsing 366 formation 354 ellipsoidal 680 growth 360 field 682 small 363 formation 292,648,663 surface 364 molecular 480 Buckhingam radius 717,769 formula 682 shape 482,652,662,665 potential 459 surface 21,284,484 burning, sustained 1069 surface area 284 butabarbital 286 volume 648 1-butanol 545,694,854 cell 2-butanol 694 membrane 860 t-butanol 694,1397 multiplication 1176 2-butanone 794,854 physiology 866 butyl acetate 848,881 toluene-adapted 862 butyl glycol 880 cellophane 1535 t-butyl methyl ether 2 cellulose 127,694 2-butylhexanol 848 acetate butyrate 881 γ-butyrolactone 696 chain dimension 706,711 C flexibility 127,273 calorific value 1056 rigid 127 calorimeter 243,1056 segment 345 calorimetric study 540 separation 128 capillary topology 709,711 condensation 1510,1524 transfer 779 effect 379 chair conformation 711 force 365 Chako formula 680 carbon dioxide 2,39,688,897 charge carbon tetrachloride 591,648,697,754,827,1133, density 709 1382,1396 distribution 132 carbonyl transfer 463,586,780,782 frequency 698 complex 571 group 842 state 641 stretching frequency 567 Charnahan-Starling equation 762 stretching mode 349 chemical 344 carcinogen 1367 composition 419 classification 1322 equilibrium 1 carcinogenic 2,1133 potential 101,149,159,198,307,341,344-345, carcinogenicity 1132,1321 575 Car-Parrinello simulation 470 reaction rate 132 carrageenan 710 reactivity 1,737,739,741,743,745,747,749, cartridge 1636 751,753,755,757,759,761,763,765, catalysis, triphase 830 767,769,771,773,775 catalyst 1467 resistance 339 phase 826 shift 591 phase transfer 824 chemisorption 1509 separation 828 chlorinated hydrocarbons 827 catalytic chlorobenzene 506,794,810,812,830 oxidation 1508 1-chlorobutane 811 1660 Index

1-chlorooctane 826 Compton scattering 757 chlorofluorocarbons 853,1189 condensation 852 chromatographic separation 2 conductivity chromophore 589,592 electrical 516,1126 chromosomal changes 1375 thermal 354 chromosomes 1376 configuration 18 circulation cell 1625 interaction 431,658 clathrates 1130 conformation 18,25,707,710,788 Clausius-Clapeyron equation 244 conformational state 706 Clausius-Mosotti conformer 506,711 relation 680 energy 530 theory 738 equilibrium 530 Clean Air Act 929 form 532 Clean Water Act 932 stability 531 cleaners 1644 transformation energy 531 cleaning 853,894,957 conformic equilibrium 506 processes 1508 construction industry 1648 cleavage 702 products 855 climate forcing 1192 contact angle 565 clothing 339 containers 693 materials 1631 continuum dielectric theory 133 protective 342 continuum models 479 cloud point 101,184,189-190,271,273,408,695 convective movement 1151 Cluff-Gladding method 334 conversion 798 coagulation bath 695 copolymer 686 coal 952 copolymerization 779 tar 855 model 781 coatings 386,565,963,1169,1555,1557 corrosion 339,852,1057 environmental performance 965 cosmetics 881,1319,1643 multilayer 35 COSMO 481,484 waterborne 352-353 cosolvency 267,793 coefficient criterion 320 hydrodynamic interaction 685 cosolvent 282,284-286,288,867,1175 mutual 340-341 power 269 of diffusion 354 Coulomb of volumetric absorption 353 contribution 444 self-diffusion 340-341,344 hole 430 coffee 1441 integral 448 cohesion energy 115,261 law 430,875 coil term 459 conformation 709 Coulombic dimension 273 attraction 575 expansion 268 interaction 439,451,574,727 coil coating 880,1641 Coupled-Cluster theory 431 collisions 419 coupling reactivity 816 color 1056 covalence 463 colorimetric analysis 1056 cranial nerve 1328 combustion 1056 cresol 957 cometabolism 1582 meta 590 compatibility 318 crew-cut 690 compatibilizer 693 critical complex formation 556 behavior 191 complexation 780,782,824 molar volume 340 composites 1642 point 191-192,202 compressibility 126,200 region 214 factor 244 scattering, pulse-induced 184 isothermal 648 solution temperature 129 Handbook of Solvents 1661

temperature 193 des Cloizeaux Law 308 crosslink density 128 desorption 566 crosslinked elastomer 130 free energy 569 crosslinks 128,331,701 DFT 481 distance 345 dialysis 956 cross-propagation reaction 786,790 dibromomethane 807 cryoscopy 147,149,188 p-dichlorobenzene 699 crystal 1,2-dichloroethane 127,686,819,1133 energy 282 dichloromethane 686,692,694-695,698,701,810, lattice 1,1130 812-813,815-817,819,827,826,829,956, surface 1130 1396,1398 texture 1118 dichroism 592 crystalline phase 350 dielectric constant 25,115,190,454,459,479,487, crystallinity 351,694 652,738,754,763,781,829,875 degree 352 continuum 584,649,663 crystallization 348,567,694 response function 133 crystals 694 surface 494 curing time 343 continuum theory 674 cybotactic 585 enrichment 613 cavity 585 Diels-Alder 1470 region 584,608 diethyl ether 2 cyclodextrin 294 di-2-ethyl hexyl phthalate 686 cyclohexane 105,185,188,506,591,701,810, diethylaniline 815 826-827 differential refractometer 158 cyclohexanone 698,704,813,956,1131,1165 diffusion 339 cyclopentanone 956 coefficient 38,310,351,388,1152,1157,1509 cytochrome 1099,1112,1356,1379,1394 control 779 distance 346,348,1526 elastic 340 D equation 307 Dalton law 364 gradient 339 Deborah number 339-340 molecular 1082 Debye rate 344,350 longitudinal relaxation time 136 time 340 model 134 translational 779 relaxation model 137 diffusive transport 340 relaxation time 134 diffusivity 341 Debye-Hückel approximation 728 dilute 282 decaffeination 1441 dilution ratio 102,1058 n-decane 810,812,830 dimeric interaction 425 Dee-Walsh equation 203 2,3-dimethyl-butane 341 defect, stress-related 386 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone 1136 defects 388 N,N-dimethylacetamide 694,1135,1400 deformation 344 dimethyl-benzene 854 history 360 N,N-dimethylformamide 127,188,694-695,956, degreasing 1227,1233 1135,1170,1400 dehydrobromination 826 dimethylsulfoxide 302,507,694,709 dehydrogenase 1356 Dimroth-Reichardt dehydrohalogenation 827,1572 scale 588 de-icing fluids 853 value 281 DelPhi 481 1,4-dioxane 686,691,694,709,956,1401 demixing 176,184,189 - 190,206,273,695 dip density 505,516,521,1057 coating 956 density-functional theory 574 molding 956 deprotonation 33 diphenyl ether 2 dermal exposure 1079 diphenylhydantoin 286 dermatitis 881 dipolar moment 15 1662 Index

term 750 E dipole moment 12,298,506,585,641,653,754, ebulliometry 147,149,167 763,807,875 ecosystem 1617 dipole-dipole forces 584 ecotoxicity 1170 interaction 12,138,528,530-531 ecotoxicological effects 1185 permanent 767 effluents 1149 Dirac function 662 efflux pump 863 dispersion 13 eigenfunction 427 forces 454,649 eigenvalue 420 disproportionation 783 Einstein’s equation 684 dissociation 508 elastic linkage 361 dissolution spontaneous 127 elasticity potential 128 dissolving power 1422 electron distillation units 962 affinity 574 diurnal 1195 cloud 469 DMF 754 transfer reaction 765 DNA 454 transport 1099 dodecane 826 electron beam curing 880 domain electronegativity 754 amorphous 350 equalization 444 crystalline 350 electronic Dong-Winnick scale 589 nose 1222 donor state 462 complex 785 transition 291,655 number 566,738 electronic industry 894,1644 donor-acceptor electronic-vibrational spectra 639 approach 744 electron-pair acceptors 3 interaction 574,584 donation 571 properties 527 donors 3 reactions 571 electrophilic species 782 Doppler broadening 644 electrostatic double-liner system 1165 forces 649 Drago interaction 12,453,541,651-652 scale 591 potential 481 equation 569 electrostatics 480 driveway sealer 855 electrosynthesis 1473 driving force 339 elongational flow 360 drug acceptability 1130 embryotoxicity 1133,1334 degradation 1131 Emergency Planing Act 933 dry cleaners 1091 emission 1149 dry cleaning 883,1189 limit value 1214 dryer 353 - 354,387 enantiomeric ratio 877 drying 339,565 enantioselectivity 858,877 conditions 386,1118 encephalopathy 1327 convection 353 energy defects 409 consumption 388 rate 396 minimum 18 technology 386 of activation 341 time 351 potential 345 DTA 190 enhancement factor 1429 Dubois-Bienvenue scale 590 enthalpy 566-567,755 dye reduction 1100 conformational 254 dyes 1169 differential 195 dynamic light scattering 689 evaporation 243,1509 exothermic 567 molar 345 Handbook of Solvents 1663

of melting 346 fiber 695,1535,1645 entropic contribution 722 diffraction 708 entropy 130 fibrosis 1394 component 332 Fick law 1084,1151 conformational 257 Fickian kinetics 340 dilution 195 film 693 hydration 760 casting 956 ideal 105 thickness 354 environmental fate 1149,1151,1153,1155,1157, filters 1633 1159,1161,1170 Fixman theory 728 laws 924 flammability limits 1060 enzymatic flanges 962 factors 1317 flash point 1060 reaction 857,874 flocculation 14 enzymes 857,872,1395 Flory equation 308 epoxy 847 Flory matrix 723 equidensity 21 Flory-Huggins equilibrium equation 365,389 chemical process 528 interaction parameter 112,151,321,345,347, constant 788 569 equipotential 21 theory 154,793,1125 ESR 2,700,790 Flory-Orwoll-Vrij model 199,206 ethanol 286,694,701,847,882 Flory-Rehner ethers 127 equation 128,321,331 2-ethoxyhexyl acetate 848 theory 344 ethyl acetate 342,694,816,827,881 fluorescence 342,610,689 ethyl benzene 341-342,854 intensity 692 N-ethyl carbazole 816 recovery 344 ethyl ether 810 fluorescent radiation 701 ethyl formate 1131 fluorination 693 ethylene glycol ether 1169 fluorine 693 eutectic point 1465 fluorocarbon resin 880 eutectics 1466 foam-enhanced remediation 1626 EVA 347 folding rate 350 evaporation food 709,923 rate 353-354,956,1059 industry 1128 cooling 354 safety 934 Ewald approach 487 force excimer 268 field 451 exciplex 752,766 - 767 repulsive 14 excitation energy 641 formaldehyde 1190 excited state 2 resin 881 explosive limits 388,1060 formation heat 790 exposure parameters 1315 formic acid 591 extraction 1058,1068,1442 fractionation 689 efficiency 940 Franck-Condon process 2 principle 291,752 temperature 943 state 644 - 645,654,658 extrusion 956 free energy of mixing 345 free volume 125 F freedom, degree 199-200,433,470,715 factor of chain expansion 685 free-volume theory 339,353 fermentation 1584,1599 freezing point 1061 Fermi hole 430 frequency shift 699 Fermi-Dirac statistics 428 Freundlich fermion 428 equation 1152 fetotoxicity 1338 isotherm 1510,1525,1575 1664 Index

Friedel-Crafts alkylation 1468 Hammond-Stokes relation 39 frontier orbital interaction 574 Hansen solubility 112 FTIR 2,342-343,396,565,570,698,756,759 parameters 106,264,695 fuel, sulfur 1056 hard sphere fugacity 149, diameter 746 coefficient 170,195,207 potential 14,37 furniture 1169,1205,1222-1223,1646 hard-core cell 201 future trends 946,1637 hardness absolute 575 Hartree-Fock G approximation 484 description 430 gas cleaning 1507 equation 665 gas chromatography 1062,1064,1116,1135, method 655 1228,1562 procedure 423 gas tank 693 theory 661,666 gasoline 1169 hazard communication standard 926 Gaussian chain 685 hazardous wastes 1548 Gay-Berne potential 458 health and safety laws 924 GC-IR 1131 heart 1415 GC-MS 1131 heat gel 333,344,707,710 capacity 254,1460 stable 194 conductivity 392 structure 698 dissipation 363 gelation 697 flow 354 genetic of vaporization 387 component 1361 transport 1 geometry change 450 Helmholtz free energy 493,566 Gibbs hematopoietic effect 1365 energy of mixing 124 hematoxicity 1365 free energy 101,148,152,191,705 Henry Gibbs-Dugem-Margulis equation 157,553 constant 173,177,206,213,1155 glass transition temperature 176,254,340, law 148,389,1125,1150,1578 348-349,703 diagram 112 glassy state 350 hepatotoxicity 1337,1379,1385,1393 gloss 704 hepatoxins 1396 gloves 1631-1632 n-heptane 590,697,848,1126 surgical 956 herbicides 1102 glycerol 286 hexamethylphosphoric triamide 2 glycol ester 880 n-hexane 2,127-128,323,590,697,812,828, glycol ethers 1169 848-849,1127 goniometer 689 Hildebrand theory 124 grafting Hildebrand-Scatchard efficiency 703 equation 104 green hypothesis 345 chemistry 1422 hole 339-340 strength 849 HOMO 571,573-574,789 greenhouse gases 1189 homomorph 585-586,593,600 ground transportation 950 homopolymerization 777-778 groundwater 1150,1163,1571,1599 homopropagation 778 well 1623 homotactic interaction 722 Grunwald-Winstein scale 587 Hook law 160 Gutmann concept 738 Hookean energy 732 hops 1441 H HPLC 759 habit 1119 HSGC 154-155,167,178 hair spray 881 Huggins equation 246 halorespiration 1582 Hughes-Ingold theory 745 Handbook of Solvents 1665 humidity 852 intersolute 282 relative 353 effect 282,293 Huyskens-Haulait-Pirson approach 103 ion association 546 hybridization 754 ion-dipole interaction 528,545 hydrate 282 ionic hydrocarbons 102,941,1361,1617 associate 507 hydrodynamic interaction 361 liquid 2,1459 hydrodynamics 356 melts 616 hydrogen radius 768 bond 15,683,709,760 ion-ion interaction 528 bonding 111,573,584,613,703,740,1126 ionization 816 hydrolase 858 iron and steel industry 951 hydroperoxide 700 irradiation 1131 hydrophilicity 830 isobutanol 351 hydrophobic 866 isomerization 506,826 effect 16,285,758,760 equilibrium 530 interaction 11,16,282 iosoctane 347 hydrophobicity 758,760,830,875 isopiestic measurement 158 parameter 286 isopleth diagram 1194 hydroxyl group 806 isopropanol 302,848,851,881,906,1397 radicals 1559 isotactic 578 hypernetted chain approximation 461,465 isotropic liquid 1465 hypsochromic sensitivity 607 J shift 590,607,609 Jackob number 376 hypsochromism 588 joint filling 855 jump unit 339-340 I IGC 148-149,154-155,164,166,177,565-566 K immune system 1356,1367 Kapustinskii equation 1461 incineration 880 Kauri number 101 infrared absorption 111 Kelvin equation 1510 ingestion 1079 ketones 880 inhalation 1079,1316,1355 kidney initiation 777 disease 1355,1357,1359-1361,1655 injection molding 956 function 1359 ink 1647 kinetic rate 807 inorganic chemicals 950 Kirkwood interaction factor 754,762 charge transfer 16 theory 738 constant 566 Kirkwood-Riseman-Zimm model 361 dimeric 424 Kitaura-Morokuma decomposition scheme 429 electrostatic 16 knots 691 intermolecular 639 Knudsen method 245 parameter 345 Kohlemann-Noll theory 360 polymer-solvent 1125 Kohn-Sham equation 471 potential 455 Kosower scale 589 trimeric 424 interatomic force 470 L interface 339,565 labeling 1062 air-solvent 288 laboratory hoods 962 intermolecular laminar thickness 694 bonding 755 laminates 1642 distance 12 land disposal 1149 forces 1 Langevin dynamics 472 interaction 37,261 Langmuir internal gradient 386 isotherm 1510,1575 1666 Index

method 245 Mark-Houwink equation 363,728 laser 689 Markov chain theory 475 lattice-hole theory 203 Martin correlation 362,390 LCST 198,268,372,380,384,1424 mass transfer 387,816 leachate concentration 1165 material degradation 1632 leather 1222 Maxwell Leffler-Grunwald operator 285 element 361 Lennard-Jones equation 358 energy 749 model 360 interaction 138 Mayo-Lewis model 780 potential 37,40,458,462,467,477 mechanical solvent 748 equilibrium 307 lethality 1176 toughness 339 leukemia 1365 medical Lewis applications 955 acidity 740 devices 955 basicity 738 melting 253 definition 571,617 melts 200 donor 705 membrane 689 number 376,392 cytoplasmatic 863 parameter 565 morphology 694 lifetime 654,1190 memory effect 357 Lifshitz-van der Waals interaction 565 Menschutkin reaction 1,9,30,742,745 light absorption 2,680 menstruum 8 limonene 864 menstruum universale 7 linear Mercedes-Benz logo 761 response 133 mesomorphic solid 1465 response theory 133 mesophase 1465 lipase 878 mesopores 1513 lipophilic contamination 898 metabolites 1317,1356 liposomes 860 metal cation 450 liquid metal casting 957 compressibility 356 methane 208 constrained 495 methanol 188,286,341-342,547,694,826,829, crystals 485 957,1131 general condition 357 4-methyl-2-pentanone 854 motion 365 N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone 398,686,694-695,698, Newtonian 356 778,841,847,956 surface 493 2-methyl-pentane 341 system 419 methyl acetate 342,694,881,1131 lithology 1627 methyl chloroform 1396 liver 1379,1393 methyl ethyl ketone 127,129,687,842,847,849, function 1394 854,881,952,956 London methyl glycol acetate 881 dispersion 469 methyl isobutyl ketone 703,881 equation 718 1-methyl naphthalene 688 formula 447,672 methylcyclopentane 129 Lorentz-Lorenz relation 680 1-methylimidizole 1460 LUMO 571,573-574,789 micelles 690 lungs 1082 microbial membrane 860 Lux-Flood definition 573,618 microcoulometry 1065 lyophilization 874 microdomains 350 microfiltration 694 M microflora 1620 macroscopic level 1 microorganisms 857,865 Manning theory 729 growth 1176 Marangoni number 413 solvent resistant 865 Handbook of Solvents 1667

survival 1176 structure 689 micropores 1513 morphology 339 microscopy 689 of skin 339 microstructure 386 Mulliken charges 444 Millington equation 1152 mutagenicity 1132 mineral spirits 847-848,855,950 mining 1169 N miscibility gap 268,273 nail polish 881 mitochondria 1112 remover 881 mixing nanofibers 691 configurational entropy 124 nanospheres 690 entropy 124,292 nanostructures 689 free energy 104 naphtha 848,854,881,950,957,1233 model naphthalene 288,302 classical 419 natural attenuation 1571,1573,1575,1577,1579, continuum 17,20,25,133 1581,1583,1585,1587,1589,1591,1593, electrostatic 9 1595,1597,1599,1601,1603,1605,1607, free volume 196 1609,1611,1613,1615 iceberg 16 navy 1472 lattice 198 nephropathy 1359 lattice-fluid 196 nephrotoxicology 1356 supermolecule 18,22 Nernst layer 831 molar nervous system 1407 cohesive energy 103 network 331 volume 516,521 networks 710 molecular neuropathy 1328 arrangement 698 neuropsychological assessment 1329 design 36 neurotoxicity 1132 dynamics 18,472 neutron scattering 185,698,756 ensemble design 36 small angle 147 mass 345 Newton-Euler equation 37 mechanics 450 Newtonian viscosity 361 model 698 nitrile rubber 848 motion 254 nitrobenzene 641,819-820 orbital 423 nitrocellulose 848,881,1646 orbital theory 571 nitroethane 1400 orientation 752 nitromethane 754 packing 752 nitroparaffins 1400 sieves 1513-1514 2-nitropropane 1400 theory 361 NMR 2,342,351,388,705-706,713,759,788, toxicity 860 793,1432 weight 343,351-352,689,703 1H-NMR 1135 molecule-molecule interaction 475 shift 738 Møller-Plesset nondipolar 754 perturbation 670 nonpolar 827 theory 431 surface area 286 treatment 671 non-solvents 177 molten salt 1459 Norrish type II 701 Momany approach 444 nucleic acids 16 monoclinic 1119 nucleophilic monomer agent 807 emission ratio 268 species 782 feed 781 nucleophilicity 813 monomer-monomer complex 785 number of arms 689 Monte Carlo 17,19,37,208,472,476,662,723,760 Nusselt number 392 morphological feature 690 1668 Index

O Papirer’s equation 566 octane 127,185 partial pressure 1150 1-octanol 287-288 partition coefficient 288,291,860,875,1082, octupolar 754 1149,1153 odor 851,1219 partitioning 2,867 hedonic tone 1221 patching 855 in industrial plants 1222 patent literature 1637 in materials 1222 Pauli intensity 1220 exclusion principle 427-430 testing 1063 repulsion 649 unit 1220,1223 Pauling crystal radius 770 odorant concentration 1220 PDAC 445 oils 923 Pekar factor 766 Oldroyd equation 358,361 Peklet number 363 olfactometer 1223 PEL 925,1079 Onsager penetration 1422 cavity radius 654 perchloroethylene 914,956,1057 dipolar term 653 Percus-Yevick approximation 461,465 model 651,667 perfluorohexane 2 reaction field 654 performance 1422 theory 655,715 perichromism 2 Onsager-Bottcher theory 682 permeability 693,860,1631 opalescence, critical 190 temperature effect 1632 operation cost 1508 permeation optical clarity 339 flux 694 orbital radius 574 number 1631 organic acids 16 permittivity 505-506,513,517-518,531,540,669 organic chemical industry 962 perturbation theory 436,461 orientational order 762 pervaporation membrane 693 Ornstein-Zernike pesticides 1169 equation 464 PET 688 theory 490 pH 297,348,688,1064 Orofino-Flory theory 726 pharmaceutical 709,1552 orthorhombic 1119 industry 1468 Osawa concept 729 product 1119 OSHA standards 925 substances 282,1129,1135 osmometry 147,149,154,168,195,267 pharmacopoeia 1129 membrane 178,183 phase Ostvald-Freundlich equation 1491 boundary 344 oxidation degree 618 diagram 129-130 oxygen, singlet 702 homogenization 190 ozone 1189,1192,1267 separation 125,190,386 depletion 1192 thermally-induced 694 precursor 1189 toxicity 860 production 1196 transfer, catalyst 824 tropospheric 1190 transition 1420 phenol-formaldehyde resin 847 P phenomenological model 288 phospholipids 860 pacemaker 956 photochemistry 1194 packing density 746 photodegradation 1151 Padé approximation 750 photoefficiency 1559 paints 354,581,709,1169,1235,1555,1557 photoionization 133 emissions 1559 photolysis 701,1175,1192 industry 1063 photooxidation 700,1175 painting 950 photoreactor 1563 paper 1647 photoresists 701,1546 Handbook of Solvents 1669 photosensitizers 701 polyethersulfone 694 photostabilization 702 polyethylene 128-129,693,701-702 phytoremediation 1622 polyethylene glycol 808,817,826 pickling 952,957 polyethylmethacrylate 103 piezoelectric method 163 polyimide 692,694,702,841,847 pinholes 956 polyisobutylene 685,848 Piola tensor 306 polyisobutylmethacrylate 103 pipeline coatings 855 polyisoprene 127 plasma cleaning 897 polymer plasticizer 856 coil 271,779 plasticizing action 701 drying 350 plastisol 847 segment 339 PLUME 1164 semicrystalline 350 p-nitrophenol 699 solubility 198 Poisson equation 480 polymerization 842 polar 750,754,760,807,824,842,897 free radical 777 bond 754 polymers 253 character 586 polymethylmethacrylate 127,269,343,568,570, liquids 693 578,686,1437 solvation 746 polymorph 755 polarity 2,9,288,531,577,584-585,610,700,745, polymorphic transition 1119 803,813,815,875 polymorphism 709 effect 780,782 polyolefins 694 index 527 telechelic 694 parameter 288 polyphenylene 685 scale 584,588 polyphenyleneoxide 694 polarity-polarizability scale 584 polypropylene 693 polarizability 298,584,655,740,749,785 polypyrrole 568 polarizable continuum model 481 polysaccharides 706-707,709,711,713,715,717, polarization 12,133,428,486 719,721,723,725,727,729,731,733,735,1654 effect 459 polysiloxanes 273 orientational 669 polystyrene 127,129,186,188,269,342,344,686, poly(acrylic acid) 687 698 poly(amide-imide) 841 atactic 128 poly(ethylene glycol) 206 isotactic 128,697 poly(ethylene oxide) 186,687,699 syndiotactic 697-698 poly(vinyl methyl ether) 185 polysulfides 818,848,853 poly(vinylidene fluoride) 693 polysulfonate 818 polyacrylonitrile 127,694 polysulfone 694 polyaddition 841,963 polyurethanes 331,346,354,694,847-848,850, polyamide 694 855,956,1640 polyamides 694,847 polyvinylacetate 185,351-352,848 polyaniline 703,1126 polyvinylalcohol 127 polybutadiene 127 polyvinylchloride 127,129,691-692,698,880 polybutylene 848 pore polycarbonate 694,700,820 diameter 1509,1524 polychloroprene 127,848-849 size 694 polycondensation 818,820,841,963 system 1513 polycrystalline particles 1118 porins 862 polydimethylsiloxane 185,206,704 porosity 1118 polydispersity 154 porous polyelectrolyte 454 matrices 1422 polyester 880-881 membrane 694 polyesters 694,847 potential energy surface 422 polyether 818 potentiometric titration 619 polyetheretherketone 348-349,699 powder coating 881 polyetherimide 694 Poynting correction 171,1429 1670 Index

Prandtl number 392 R Prausnitz theory 208 radiant energy 353 pregnancy 1333,1335,1337,1339,1341,1343, radicals 700,782 1345,1347,1349,1351,1353,1655 lifetime 701 pressure stability 790 drop 1526 radius of gyration 684-685,689,691 partial 353 Raman 756 pressure-temperature relationship 1420 Raoult law 154,196,365,372,389,613,794 Prigogine activity coefficient 877 approximation 199 Rayleigh cell model 200 factor 182 theory 125 ratio 689 Prigogine-Flory-Patterson time 363 equation 202 reaction theory 199-200,207 endothermic 1 primer 705,881 field 481,651-652 printing 1169,1647 field approach 487 probability function 430 nucleophilic 9 process safety management 927 rate 798,807,811,815-816 propagation 778 reactive barriers 1628 heat 787,790 reactivity 700 pathway 785 reactors 962 radical 793 recrystallization 2,1130 step 780,782 recycling 880 1-propanol 545,694 red shift 752 2-propanol 694 refractive index 158,190,740,1066 propyl acetate 342 regional scale 1193 propylene carbonate 591 regulations 1267,1269,1271,1273,1275,1277, propylene glycol ether 1169 1279,1281,1283,1285,1287,1289,1291, protagonism 15 1293,1295,1297,1299,1301,1303,1305, protection 1631 1307,1309 protective equipment 1080 in Europe 1311,1313 proteins 16,754,866 regulatory approaches 1199 protic 745,752,762,798,813,829 Reichardt scale 740 protolysis 524 reinforcing 339 proton relaxation influx 860 enthalphy 254 leakage 860 segmental 346 transfer 507 spectrum 361 proton-donor function 510 time 133,340,358,361,654 pulmonary blood vessels 1082 relief devices 962 pulping 1647 reproductive pump valves 962 toxicity 1169 pupil dilatation 1222 toxicology 1353 purity 1065 reptation 344 pycnometer 1057 repulsion 14 pyridine 507 residence time 387 Q residual stress 339 resistance specific 1059 QM/MM 478 resistive heating 1626 quadrupolar 754 resistivity 1058 forces 753 resorcinol 699 quantum Resource Conservation Act 932 description 419 respirator 1633 level 18 respirators 1371 number 430 yield 702 Handbook of Solvents 1671 respiratory self-diffusion coefficient 38 physiology 1081 self-remediation 1622 protection 1633 SEM 689 respirometer 1099 semiconductor 1546 retardation time 358 shear modulus 347 retention volume 566 Sherwood number 392 retroreflective coating 881 shoe industry 849 rewind station 387 shrinkage 354 Reynolds number 366,370 silica gel 1513 rheological silicones 847-848 equation 356 Simha-Somcynsky equation 203 properties 683,704 similia similibus solvuntor 8 Rider approach 122 simulated-annealing 470 rigid spheres 14 simulation 137 ring deformation 711 numerical 132 RISM 466 skeletal structure 806 rod-like micelles 690 skin 1631 Röntgen model 755 absorption 1355 rotamer 591 layer thickness 697 energy 531 protective devices 1371 rotation 711 Slater determinant 669 barrier 532 small molecule 339 freedom 1477 Small method 261 Rouse theory 361 Smidsrød-Haug approach 729 rubber 847 Snyder’s polarity 851 elasticity 148 Soave-Redlich-Kwong eqaution 213 natural 342 soil 1149,1157 nitrile 342 contamination 1617 rubbery state 349 solar cell 1476 Runge-Kutta-Gill method 393 solid matrix 339 solubility 16 S behavior 3 sample collectors 962 demands 318 Sanchez-Lacombe equilibrium 282 equation 201 parameter 103,111,198,243,253,261,347 theory 207 relative 285 SANS 185-186,706 supercritical pressure 1425 SAPT 440 solute 684 SAXS 184-185,706 electrostatic field 133 scaled-particle theory 461 mass concentration 684 Scatchard equation 263 polarization 11 Scatchard-Hildebrand theory 197 pure 282 scattered intensity 689 surface area 286 scattering angle 689 solute-solute interaction 282,292,301 Schlieren photography 186 solute-solvent interaction 455,481 Schrödinger equation 420,482,656-657,663,671, solution 768 674,676 dilute 362 sealants 847-849,851,855 free energy 285 seals 962 inhomogeneous 148 second viral coefficient 689 lattice 125 sedimentation velocity 186 processing 956 segment solvation 282,759-760,807 fraction 200 continuum 482 size 200 dynamics 133 statistical 361 effect 283 selectivity 694 energy 133,505,528,639,657,667 self-consistent field 423 free energy 132 1672 Index

function 137 polarity scale 588 preferential 613 poor 569 process 133 power 101 selective 538 probe 585-586 shell 17,132,284,288,301,450 quality 346 solvatochromic 288 recovery 1507,1509,1511,1513,1515,1517, analysis 609 1519,1521,1523,1525,1527,1529,1531, dyes 660,705 1533,1535,1537,1539,1541,1543 shift 639,655,660,665,674,677,738 reduction 847 solvatochromism 2,590,593,601,610,751 removal 386 negative 602 replacement 847 solvent residual 349,1125,1129 acidity 607 retention 570 activity 146,194,207 route of entry 1355 adsorbed on crystal faces 1116 selection 1 allergen 1319 separation 693 basicity 600 solubility 1150 binary 505,513 state 345 cavity 288,291 symmetric 318 chemical potential 125 toxicity 1097,1132 choice 872-873,875,877,879 traces 701 cleaning 952 transport 3 concentration 388 transport phenomena 339 cost 657 treated 1556 crystalline 346 uptake 348 definition 1201,1234 vapor phase 196 degradation 700 solvent activity diffusion 344,353 data 198 donor 787 solvents 1150 effect 281 applications 1507 emission 1232 binary 318 evaporation time 697 chlorinated 1572 expansibility 747 classification 1235 explicit effect 780 cleaning 1056 exposure 1078 critical properties 1420 extraction 923 diffusion 305 extraction process 935 new 1637 flux 342 oxygenated 694 good 569,685 polar 683 hydrophilic 1152 residual 1067 implicit effect 780 spent 1555 interaction 1130 theta 685 ionizing power 587 use 847 loss 931 solvent-solute interaction 282 maximum contaminant level 1164 solvent-solvent interaction 282,284,455 maximum permissible concentration 1164 solvent-tolerant bacteria 859 metabolism 1317 solvolysis 297 mixed 505 rate 584,587 mixture 267,281,352,683 solvophobic effect 285 motions 133,137 sorption isotherm 177 movement 339 sorption-desorption hysteresis 177 neurotoxicity 1327 spatial ordering 419 occluded 1116 scale 1191 oxidation 1559 specific gravity 1057 partitioning 1067,1152 specification 1068 penetration 1631 spectral polarity 3,593,610,702,705 band 639 Handbook of Solvents 1673

broadening 643 solubility 1131 line 639 tension 14,284,288,301,352,364,567,570, shift 585,639 648,690,898,901-902,1460 spectroscopy surfactant-aided remediation 1625 dielectric 581 surgical gloves 956 UV 689 Svedberg equation 187 spillages 962,1149 swell ratio 309 spin 430 swelling 128,305,339,565 spinodal 131,148,183-184,190-192,400,408 binary solvents 318 spin-spin interaction 530 data 327 spontaneous abortion 1343 equilibrium 128,130,189,308,318,344-345, Spriggs law 362 348 stability 700 extreme 320 stabilization 700 kinetics 310,347 starlike 690 maximum 326 Staverman relation 203 mode 312 steam-enhanced extraction 1628 pressure 195,346 stereochemical evidence 789 stage 313 stereocomplex 578 syndiotactic 578 stereoregularity 578 synergistic effect 267 steric system free energy 132 properties 785 repulsion 448 T Stockmayer tableting 1552 fluid 138,767 tacticity 778 model 462 tautomeric equilibrium 506 Stockmayer-Casassa relation 180 tautomerism 1,33 stoichiometric equilibrium 283 Taylor diffusion coefficient 1432 Stokes shift 592,612 tear strength 850 storage tanks 962 TEM 689 strain, solvent-tolerant 862 temperature 341,349,353,798,852 strands 691 temperature-shift factor 362 stress cracking 1059 teratogenic 1334 tensor 356 teratogenicity 1132,1336,1341 stripping 853,950 teratology 1337 reactor 1623 termination 779 styrene 1385 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 1396,1398 styrene-butadiene copolymer 848 tetrachloroethylene 348,1149,1334,1336,1388, styrene-butadiene-styrene 848 1396, 1399 subsurface contamination 1617 tetrachloromethane 2,813 suit materials 1633 tetrahedric coordination 16 sulfur dioxide 853 tetrahydrofuran 347,569,686,694,696,700-701, supercritical 754,956,1401 fluid 2,202 texture 1119 technology 1420 TGA 396,1134 CO2 854 theophylline 282 supermolecule approach 674 thermal surface capacity 126 crazing 700 desorption 1626 distribution 569 expansion 190,198 energy 566 oxidation 1508 free energy 565 thermochromic coefficient 752 inhomogeneity 566 thermodynamic 360 isopotential 653 equilibrium 148,157-158,176 layers 339 work of adhesion 565 lubricity 956 thermolysis 702 modifier 565 thickness 343,353 1674 Index

change 350 solid 653 time scale 339 sphere 662 time-temperature superposition 362 surface 21,445,663,721 titanium dioxide 1559 volume 206 TLV 1079 van Oss-Good's expression 565 toluene 127,185,188,334,341-342,344,347,365, van’t Hoff parameters 558 686,704,794,816,826-827,829-830,847-849, vapor 851,854,881,952,957,959,1328,1334,1336, data 161 1385,1388 degreasing 1056, 1233 tomography 1628 measurement 147,149,154 torsional angle 711 pressure 157,262,365,1069 Toth isotherm 1437 solubility 1084 toxcicodynamics 1315 vaporization toxic residues 339 energy 198 Toxic Substances Control Act 933 entropy 762,765 toxicokinetics 1315 heat 15,261 transesterification 877 vapor-liquid equilibrium 198 transfer reaction 779 varnishes 344,583,1169,1235 transition state 9,786,807 velocity field 356 tribological properties 339 vents 962 1,1,1-trichloroethane 854,914,959,1138,1398 vibronic transitions 589 1,1,2-trichloroethane 695,1396 N-vinylpyrrolidone 703 trichloroethylene 854,914,952,1328,1387,1396, viscoelasticity 357 1399 viscosity 351,505,515,517,683,844,1069,1432, triethylamine 30 1460 trinitrotoluene 1400 intrinsic 268,684,687 Trouton measurement 689 entropy 762 Newtonian 684 rule 762 relative 685 tubes 956 specific 684,692 TWA 925 VOC 854,959,1196,1201,1546 calculation 1069 U calculation methods 1205-1209 UCST 268-269,272,1424 definition 1202,1241,1267 Uhlig model 284 emission 388,848 ultrafiltration 694 exempt 1070 ultrasonic absorption 190 Vogel-Tammann-Fulcher equation 1474 unimolecular heterolysis 1 volume unit cell 755 excluded 273,689 uptake fraction 308,345,347,350 dermal 1316 free 274,340-341 routes 1315 hydrodynamic 272 UV 788 molar 341-342,345 curing 880 vorticity 360 radiation 853 Vrentas-Duda theory 353,388 UV/Vis 2 W V wash plant 1556 van der Waals wastes 1163 dispersion 469 water 15,137,1149 envelope 673 waterproofing 855 equation 467 wave function 423 equation of state 1423 Wertheim pertubation theory 208,750 forces 16,1477,1509 wettability 570 interaction 451,875 wetting 496,898,902 radius 663 index 916 repulsion 647 Wilke-Chang equation 38 Handbook of Solvents 1675 wood coatings 1646 Y workplace yellowing 881 monitoring 1079 Yvon-Born-Green approximation 461 regulations 925 wound dressing 956 Z X Z scale 589 zeolites 495,1514 XPS 565,567,569 Zimm X-ray 708,756,770 plot 183 small angle scattering 147 equation 689 xylene 127,186,341,696,700-701,847-848,851, zwitterion 1471 854,881,952,959,1385