About the Sony Hack
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(U//Fouo) Assessment of Anonymous Threat to Control Systems
UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY A‐0020‐NCCIC / ICS‐CERT –120020110916 DISTRIBUTION NOTICE (A): THIS PRODUCT IS INTENDED FOR MISION PARTNERS AT THE “FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY” LEVEL, ACROSS THE CYBERSECURITY, CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND / OR KEY RESOURCES COMMUNITY AT LARGE. (U//FOUO) ASSESSMENT OF ANONYMOUS THREAT TO CONTROL SYSTEMS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (U) The loosely organized hacking collective known as Anonymous has recently expressed an interest in targeting inDustrial control systems (ICS). This proDuct characterizes Anonymous’ capabilities and intent in this area, based on expert input from DHS’s Control Systems Security Program/Industrial Control Systems Cyber Emergency Response Team (ICS‐CERT) in coordination with the other NCCIC components. (U//FOUO) While Anonymous recently expressed intent to target ICS, they have not Demonstrated a capability to inflict Damage to these systems, instead choosing to harass and embarrass their targets using rudimentary attack methoDs, readily available to the research community. Anonymous does have the ability to impact aspects of critical infrastructure that run on common, internet accessible systems (such as web‐based applications and windows systems) by employing tactics such as denial of service. Anonymous’ increased interest may indicate intent to Develop an offensive ICS capability in the future. ICS‐CERT assesses that the publically available information regarding exploitation of ICS coulD be leveraged to reDuce the amount of time to develop offensive ICS capabilities. However, the lack of centralized leadership/coordination anD specific expertise may pose challenges to this effort. DISCUSSION (U//FOUO) Several racist, homophobic, hateful, and otherwise maliciously intolerant cyber and physical inciDents throughout the past Decadea have been attributeD to Anonymous, though recently, their targets and apparent motivations have evolved to what appears to be a hacktivist1 agenda. -
Protecting Sensitive and Personal Information from Ransomware-Caused Data Breaches
Protecting Sensitive and Personal Information from Ransomware-Caused Data Breaches OVERVIEW Over the past several years, the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Ransomware is a serious and increasing threat to all government and Agency (CISA) and our partners have responded to a significant number of private sector organizations, including ransomware incidents, including recent attacks against a U.S. pipeline critical infrastructure organizations. In company and a U.S. software company, which affected managed service response, the U.S. government providers (MSPs) and their downstream customers. launched StopRansomware.gov, a centralized, whole-of-government Ransomware is malware designed to encrypt files on a device, rendering webpage providing ransomware files and the systems that rely on them unusable. Traditionally, malicious resources, guidance, and alerts. actors demand ransom in exchange for decryption. Over time, malicious actors have adjusted their ransomware tactics to be more destructive and impactful. Malicious actors increasingly exfiltrate data and then threaten to sell or leak it—including sensitive or personal information—if the ransom is not paid. These data breaches can cause financial loss to the victim organization and erode customer trust. All organizations are at risk of falling victim to a ransomware incident and are responsible for protecting sensitive and personal data stored on their systems. This fact sheet provides information for all government and private sector organizations, including critical infrastructure organizations, on preventing and responding to ransomware-caused data breaches. CISA encourages organizations to adopt a heightened state of awareness and implement the recommendations below. PREVENTING RANSOMWARE ATTACKS 1. Maintain offline, encrypted backups of data and regularly test your backups. -
Sample Iis Publication Page
https://doi.org/10.48009/1_iis_2012_133-143 Issues in Information Systems Volume 13, Issue 1, pp. 133-143, 2012 HACKERS GONE WILD: THE 2011 SPRING BREAK OF LULZSEC Stan Pendergrass, Robert Morris University, [email protected] ABSTRACT Computer hackers, like the group known as Anonymous, have made themselves more and more relevant to our modern life. As we create and expand more and more data within our interconnected electronic universe, the threat that they bring to its fragile structure grows as well. However Anonymous is not the only group of hackers/activists or hacktivists that have made their presence known. LulzSec was a group that wreaked havoc with information systems in 2011. This will be a case study examination of their activities so that a better understanding of five aspects can be obtained: the Timeline of activities, the Targets of attack, the Tactics the group used, the makeup of the Team and a category which will be referred to as The Twist for reasons which will be made clear at the end of the paper. Keywords: LulzSec, Hackers, Security, AntiSec, Anonymous, Sabu INTRODUCTION Information systems lie at the heart of our modern existence. We deal with them when we work, when we play and when we relax; texting, checking email, posting on Facebook, Tweeting, gaming, conducting e-commerce and e- banking have become so commonplace as to be nearly invisible in modern life. Yet, within each of these electronic interactions lies the danger that the perceived line of security and privacy might be breached and our most important information and secrets might be revealed and exploited. -
The 2014 Sony Hack and the Role of International Law
The 2014 Sony Hack and the Role of International Law Clare Sullivan* INTRODUCTION 2014 has been dubbed “the year of the hack” because of the number of hacks reported by the U.S. federal government and major U.S. corporations in busi- nesses ranging from retail to banking and communications. According to one report there were 1,541 incidents resulting in the breach of 1,023,108,267 records, a 78 percent increase in the number of personal data records compro- mised compared to 2013.1 However, the 2014 hack of Sony Pictures Entertain- ment Inc. (Sony) was unique in nature and in the way it was orchestrated and its effects. Based in Culver City, California, Sony is the movie making and entertain- ment unit of Sony Corporation of America,2 the U.S. arm of Japanese electron- ics company Sony Corporation.3 The hack, discovered in November 2014, did not follow the usual pattern of hackers attempting illicit activities against a business. It did not specifically target credit card and banking information, nor did the hackers appear to have the usual motive of personal financial gain. The nature of the wrong and the harm inflicted was more wide ranging and their motivation was apparently ideological. Identifying the source and nature of the wrong and harm is crucial for the allocation of legal consequences. Analysis of the wrong and the harm show that the 2014 Sony hack4 was more than a breach of privacy and a criminal act. If, as the United States maintains, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (herein- after North Korea) was behind the Sony hack, the incident is governed by international law. -
Risk Report Back in October 2016, Dyn Encountered a Massive DNS Ddos Attack That Knocked
Dyn DNS Cyberattack By Bryce Kolton 12/7/2016 | INFO 312 Introduction On October 21st 2016, a terabit sized attack took down internet connectivity for users across the globe. Over three waves, millions of users were interrupted during main business hours. The attack targeted Dyn (pronounced “dine”), a company that in part provides Domain Name Service registration for websites. Companies affected included Amazon, BBC, CNN, Comcast, Fox, GitHub, Netflix, PayPal, Reddit, Starbucks, Twitter, Verizon, Visa, Wikia and hundreds more. Credit card terminals were inoperative, news sites unavailable, and users unable to reach some of the internet’s most popular websites. The internet ground to a halt for several hours, with major Fortune 500 companies among those affected. The focus of this risk management report will be the cyberattack at large; The background, causes, previous mitigations, response, still present risks, and recommendations after one of the largest cyberattacks ever recorded. Understanding the Domain Name Service As an illustrative example, let’s say you want to visit a new grocery store your friend just told you about, “Sya’s Grocery.” You know the name, but you need to find the physical address. By using a service like Google Maps, you can transcribe the human-readable name into the destination. The Domain Name Service works much the same way, but for URLs. When you type in “google.com,” your computer is clueless to the ‘real address’ it’s supposed to go to. That’s where DNS steps in: your device asks its closes DNS server “Who is ‘google.com’?” If the server doesn’t know, it’ll pass the request along until it finds a server that does. -
Attack on Sony 2014 Sammy Lui
Attack on Sony 2014 Sammy Lui 1 Index • Overview • Timeline • Tools • Wiper Malware • Implications • Need for physical security • Employees – Accomplices? • Dangers of Cyberterrorism • Danger to Other Companies • Damage and Repercussions • Dangers of Malware • Defense • Reparations • Aftermath • Similar Attacks • Sony Attack 2011 • Target Attack • NotPetya • Sources 2 Overview • Attack lead by the Guardians of Peace hacker group • Stole huge amounts of data from Sony’s network and leaked it online on Wikileaks • Data leaks spanned over a few weeks • Threatening Sony to not release The Interview with a terrorist attack 3 Timeline • 11/24/14 - Employees find Terabytes of data stolen from computers and threat messages • 11/26/14 - Hackers post 5 Sony movies to file sharing networks • 12/1/14 - Hackers leak emails and password protected files • 12/3/14 – Hackers leak files with plaintext credentials and internal and external account credentials • 12/5/14 – Hackers release invitation along with financial data from Sony 4 Timeline • 12/07/14 – Hackers threaten several employees to sign statement disassociating themselves with Sony • 12/08/14 - Hackers threaten Sony to not release The Interview • 12/16/14 – Hackers leaks personal emails from employees. Last day of data leaks. • 12/25/14 - Sony releases The Interview to select movie theaters and online • 12/26/14 –No further messages from the hackers 5 Tools • Targeted attack • Inside attack • Wikileaks to leak data • The hackers used a Wiper malware to infiltrate and steal data from Sony employee -
Account Protections a Google Perspective
Account Protections a Google Perspective Elie Bursztein Google, @elie with the help of many Googlers updated March 2021 Security and Privacy Group Slides available here: https://elie.net/account Security and Privacy Group 4 in 10 US Internet users report having their online information compromised Source the United States of P@ssw0rd$ - Harris / Google poll Security and Privacy Group How do attacker compromise accounts? Security and Privacy Group Main source of compromised accounts Data breach Phishing Keyloggers Security and Privacy Group The blackmarket is fueling the account compromised ecosystem Security and Privacy Group Accounts and hacking tools are readily available on the blackmarket Security and Privacy Group Volume of credentials stolen in 2016: a lower bound Data breach Phishing Keyloggers 4.3B+ 12M+ 1M+ Data Breaches, Phishing, or Malware? Understanding the Risks of Stolen Credentials CCS’17 Security and Privacy Group Data breach Phishing Keyloggers Stolen credentials volume credentials Stolen Targeted attack Risk Security and Privacy Group Stolen credential origin takeaways The black market Password reuse is Phishing and fuels account the largest source keyloggers poses compromise of compromise a significant risk Security and Privacy Group How can we prevent account compromise? Security and Privacy Group Defense in depth leveraging many competing technologies Security and Privacy Group Increasing security comes at the expense of additional friction including lock-out risk, monetary cost, and user education Security and Privacy -
The Ultimate Guide to Vendor Data Breach Response
The Ultimate Guide to Vendor Data Breach Response This paper was authored by Corvus’s VP of Smart Breach Response Lauren Winchester in collaboration with Dominic Paluzzi, Co-Chair of the Data Privacy and Cybersecurity practice at the law firm McDonald Hopkins. Commercial insurance reimagined. The Ultimate Guide to Vendor Data Breach Response Cyber insurance brokers help their clients plan for what happens when they experience a data breach or ransomware incident. Something often overlooked is how that plan may change when the breach is at a vendor and the investigation is outside of their control. Most organizations are in the midst of a decade-old shift to deeper integration with managed service providers, software-as-a-service tools, and other cloud-based software solutions. Having worked with thousands of brokers and policyholders, we’ve observed an unspoken assumption that these vendors, with their highly advanced products, are also par- agons of cybersecurity. That’s a misplaced assumption for three reasons. The bigger and more complex an organization, generally the harder it is to keep safe. Vendors may have excellent security teams and practices, but 1. face a sisyphean task given their scale. The adversarial question. These companies may be at greater risk because criminals see them as a rich target -- if they can infiltrate the vendor, they 2. can potentially extend their attack to hundreds or thousands of customer organizations. Some providers have an air of invincibility about their exposure, likely for the same reason their customers instinctively trust them. A survey by 3. Coveware shows a large disconnect between what MSPs believe to be the cost and consequences of an attack, and what they are in reality. -
Transparent Data Protection for Smartphones and Tablets
Transparent data protection for smartphones and tablets. Dell Data Protection | Mobile Edition Secure iOS Devices Dell Data Protection | Mobile Edition enables Today employees, partners and vendors alike work any administrators to enforce policies at the user level and time, anywhere, using any device to download and share commands at the device level. Device management files. Personally owned smartphones and tablets, like commands are sent to managed iPhone and iPad devices desktops and laptops, have become a standard work tool. via the Apple Push Notification Service (APNS). Policies, Accordingly, most organizations are embracing the bring restrictions and commands are implemented in iOS as a your own device movement, recognizing it helps to both configuration profile, which are deployed over-the-air. reduce equipment costs and increase productivity. Secure Android Devices But without proper encryption and password enforcement, Managed through the Microsoft Exchange ActiveSync data accessed on mobile devices, whether from a corporate (EAS) protocol, Android mobile device protection lets you server or a public cloud, is unprotected. If the device is lost set and enforce policies at the user level and commands or stolen, or if data is accessed through an open wireless at the device level. Device management commands hotspot, it could be hijacked, putting companies in jeopardy are sent and enforced on Android devices via Exchange of a security breach and compliance violations. IT teams are ActiveSync. Allow, block and remote wipe commands are struggling to strike a balance between protecting data and deployed over-the-air. impeding worker productivity by restricting data access. iOS-Only Policies Dell Data Protection | Mobile Edition helps to put IT back Grace period before device locks Force iTunes password in control of data security by enabling you to protect data Reset passcode Allow untrusted https certs accessed on smartphones and tablets running iOS or Remote lock Allow iCloud backup Android operating systems. -
A PRACTICAL METHOD of IDENTIFYING CYBERATTACKS February 2018 INDEX
In Collaboration With A PRACTICAL METHOD OF IDENTIFYING CYBERATTACKS February 2018 INDEX TOPICS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 OVERVIEW 5 THE RESPONSES TO A GROWING THREAT 7 DIFFERENT TYPES OF PERPETRATORS 10 THE SCOURGE OF CYBERCRIME 11 THE EVOLUTION OF CYBERWARFARE 12 CYBERACTIVISM: ACTIVE AS EVER 13 THE ATTRIBUTION PROBLEM 14 TRACKING THE ORIGINS OF CYBERATTACKS 17 CONCLUSION 20 APPENDIX: TIMELINE OF CYBERSECURITY 21 INCIDENTS 2 A Practical Method of Identifying Cyberattacks EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW SUMMARY The frequency and scope of cyberattacks Cyberattacks carried out by a range of entities are continue to grow, and yet despite the seriousness a growing threat to the security of governments of the problem, it remains extremely difficult to and their citizens. There are three main sources differentiate between the various sources of an of attacks; activists, criminals and governments, attack. This paper aims to shed light on the main and - based on the evidence - it is sometimes types of cyberattacks and provides examples hard to differentiate them. Indeed, they may of each. In particular, a high level framework sometimes work together when their interests for investigation is presented, aimed at helping are aligned. The increasing frequency and severity analysts in gaining a better understanding of the of the attacks makes it more important than ever origins of threats, the motive of the attacker, the to understand the source. Knowing who planned technical origin of the attack, the information an attack might make it easier to capture the contained in the coding of the malware and culprits or frame an appropriate response. the attacker’s modus operandi. -
FUNDING HATE How White Supremacists Raise Their Money
How White Supremacists FUNDING HATE Raise Their Money 1 RESPONDING TO HATE FUNDING HATE INTRODUCTION 1 SELF-FUNDING 2 ORGANIZATIONAL FUNDING 3 CRIMINAL ACTIVITY 9 THE NEW KID ON THE BLOCK: CROWDFUNDING 10 BITCOIN AND CRYPTOCURRENCIES 11 THE FUTURE OF WHITE SUPREMACIST FUNDING 14 2 RESPONDING TO HATE How White Supremacists FUNDING HATE Raise Their Money It’s one of the most frequent questions the Anti-Defamation League gets asked: WHERE DO WHITE SUPREMACISTS GET THEIR MONEY? Implicit in this question is the assumption that white supremacists raise a substantial amount of money, an assumption fueled by rumors and speculation about white supremacist groups being funded by sources such as the Russian government, conservative foundations, or secretive wealthy backers. The reality is less sensational but still important. As American political and social movements go, the white supremacist movement is particularly poorly funded. Small in numbers and containing many adherents of little means, the white supremacist movement has a weak base for raising money compared to many other causes. Moreover, ostracized because of its extreme and hateful ideology, not to mention its connections to violence, the white supremacist movement does not have easy access to many common methods of raising and transmitting money. This lack of access to funds and funds transfers limits what white supremacists can do and achieve. However, the means by which the white supremacist movement does raise money are important to understand. Moreover, recent developments, particularly in crowdfunding, may have provided the white supremacist movement with more fundraising opportunities than it has seen in some time. This raises the disturbing possibility that some white supremacists may become better funded in the future than they have been in the past. -
Analysis of Human Factors in Cyber Security: a Case Study of Anonymous Attack on Hbgary
Analysis of Human Factors in Cyber Security: A Case Study of Anonymous Attack on Hbgary Benjamin Aruwa Gyunka Directorate of Information and Communication Technology National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN) Abuja, Nigeria [email protected] Abikoye Oluwakemi Christiana Department of Computer Science University of Ilorin Ilorin, Nigeria [email protected] ABSTRACT awareness programmes for workforces and the Purpose: This paper critically analyses the implementations and maintenance of basic human factors or behaviours as major threats to security culture and policies as a panacea for cyber security. Focus is placed on the usual roles social engineering cyber attacks against played by both the attackers and defenders (the individuals and organizations. targets of the attacker) in cyber threats’ Originality: Lots of work has been done and pervasiveness and the potential impacts of such many still on-going in the field of social actions on critical security infrastructures. engineering attacks and human factors, but this Design/Methodology/Approach: To enable an study is the first to adopt an approach of a effective and practical analysis, the Anonymous practical case study to critically analyze the attack against HBGary Federal (A security firm effects of human factors on cyber security. in the United State of America) was taken as a Keywords: The Anonymous; HBGary Federal; case study to reveal the huge damaging impacts Uniform Resource Location (URL); Content of human errors and attitudes against the security Management System (CMS); SQL Injection; of organizations and individuals. Cross-site Scripting (XXS); Social Engineering; Findings: The findings revealed that the Cyber Security; Information Security powerful security firm was compromised and Paper Type: Research Paper overtaken through simple SQL injection techniques and a very crafty social engineering attack which succeeded because of sheer 1 Introduction personnel negligence and unwitting utterances.