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Análisis De Los Impactos Ambientales De La Construccion De La Base Científica Temporal De Verano “Almirante Padilla” De Colombia En La Isla Rey Jorge

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Análisis De Los Impactos Ambientales De La Construccion De La Base Científica Temporal De Verano “Almirante Padilla” De Colombia En La Isla Rey Jorge ANÁLISIS DE LOS IMPACTOS AMBIENTALES DE LA CONSTRUCCION DE LA BASE CIENTÍFICA TEMPORAL DE VERANO “ALMIRANTE PADILLA” DE COLOMBIA EN LA ISLA REY JORGE AUTOR ADRIANA MARCELA ZORIANO V. 2147172 UNIVERSIDAD SANTO TOMÁS FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA DEPARTAMENTO DE INGENIERÍA AMBIENTAL BOGOTA D.C JUNIO DE 2018 1 ANÁLISIS DE LOS IMPACTOS AMBIENTALES DE LA CONSTRUCCION DE LA BASE CIENTÍFICA TEMPORAL DE VERANO “ALMIRANTE PADILLA” DE COLOMBIA EN LA ISLA REY JORGE AUTOR ADRIANA MARCELA ZORIANO V. 2147172 Trabajo de grado DIRECTOR ANA PAOLA BECERRA QUIROZ Docente de Ingeniera Ambiental Universidad Santo Tomás CODIRECTOR TENIENTE DE FRAGATA LINA MARÍA OLANO VENEGAS Jefe del Área de Asuntos Internacionales y Políticos Comisión Colombiana del Océano-CCO ASESOR NICOLÁS VILLEGAS VALLEJO Asesor de Asuntos Antárticos Comisión Colombiana del Océano-CCO UNIVERSIDAD SANTO TOMÁS FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA DEPARTAMENTO DE INGENIERÍA AMBIENTAL BOGOTA D.C JUNIO DE 2018 2 CONTENIDO RESUMEN ....................................................................................................................... 11 1. INTRODUCCIÓN ...................................................................................................... 12 2. OBJETIVOS ............................................................................................................. 14 3. MARCO REFERENCIAL .......................................................................................... 15 3.1. Marco contextual ............................................................................................... 15 3.2. Marco teórico ..................................................................................................... 16 3.2.1. Generalidades del análisis de impactos ambientales .................................. 16 3.2.2. Análisis de impactos ambientales en la Antártida ....................................... 17 3.3. Marco conceptual .............................................................................................. 19 3.3.1. Actividad, acción, aspecto ambiental e impacto ambiental ......................... 19 3.3.2. Línea base .................................................................................................. 19 3.3.3. Evaluación ambiental.................................................................................. 19 3.3.4. Proyecto de Evaluación Medioambiental Global (EMG) ............................. 19 3.4. Marco legal ........................................................................................................ 20 4. DESARROLLO DE LA PASANTÍA .......................................................................... 22 5. FASES Y ACTIVIDADES DE LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE LA BASE CIENTÍFICA TEMPORAL DE VERANO ALMIRANTE PADILLA ........................................................ 23 5.1. Propósito y necesidad de la actividad ................................................................ 23 5.2. Características de la actividad ........................................................................... 24 5.2.1. Acciones y aspectos ambientales de la actividad propuesta ....................... 24 5.2.2. Principales residuos que genera la actividad propuesta ............................. 29 5.2.3. Principales emisiones que genera la actividad propuesta ........................... 29 5.2.4. Desmantelamiento de las construcciones provisionales ............................. 30 5.2.5. Monitoreo de parámetros ambientales ........................................................ 30 5.2.6. Capacidad para responder con prontitud y eficacia a los accidentes .......... 30 5.2.7. Otros aspectos importantes de la actividad propuesta ................................ 31 5.3. Infraestructura correspondiente a la base científica ........................................... 32 5.3.1. Casa principal ............................................................................................. 32 5.3.2. Casa de emergencia .................................................................................. 35 5.3.3. Planta de generación eléctrica .................................................................... 35 5.3.4. Bodega de talleres, materiales y almacenamiento de residuos ................... 35 5.3.5. Tanques de almacenamiento de combustible ............................................. 36 5.3.6. Helipuerto ................................................................................................... 36 5.3.7. Refugio ....................................................................................................... 36 3 5.3.8. Muelle o vías .............................................................................................. 36 5.3.9. Otros .......................................................................................................... 36 5.4. Personal de la base científica temporal ............................................................. 36 5.5. Planos técnicos de la Base Científica ................................................................ 37 6. DIAGNÓSTICO DE LAS CONDICIONES ACTUALES DE LA ISLA REY JORGE .. 40 6.1. Descripción de la zona geográfica ..................................................................... 40 6.2. Condiciones ambientales ................................................................................... 41 6.2.1. Componente biótico .................................................................................... 41 6.2.2. Componente abiótico .................................................................................. 47 6.2.3. Valores especiales de la zona .................................................................... 58 6.2.4. Vulnerabilidad del medio ambiente ............................................................. 63 6.3. Condiciones socioeconómicas ........................................................................... 64 6.3.1. Monumentos históricos (SMH) .................................................................... 67 6.3.2. Indicadores socioeconómicos ..................................................................... 69 7. IDENTIFICACIÓN Y EVALUACIÓN DE LOS IMPACTOS AMBIENTALES ............. 72 7.1. Metodología de evaluación de impacto ambiental ............................................. 72 7.2. Identificación de impactos ................................................................................. 81 7.3. Priorización de impactos .................................................................................... 82 7.4. Análisis de impactos ambientales ...................................................................... 84 7.4.1. Impactos ambientales ................................................................................. 86 7.4.2. Impactos socioeconómicos ......................................................................... 93 8. DEFINICIÓN DE MEDIDAS DE MANEJO AMBIENTAL .......................................... 94 9. CONCLUSIONES ................................................................................................... 106 10. RECOMENDACIONES ....................................................................................... 107 11. REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS ................................................................... 108 ANEXOS .................................................................................................................... 120 4 LISTA DE IMÁGENES Imagen 1. Isla Rey Jorge ................................................................................................. 37 Imagen 2. Plano Vista Lateral de la Casa Principal .......................................................... 38 Imagen 3. Plano del Primer Nivel de la Casa Principal .................................................... 38 Imagen 4. Plano del Segundo Nivel de la Casa Principal ................................................. 39 Imagen 5. Plano de la Base Científica Temporal de Verano "Almirante Padilla" de Colombia en la Isla Rey Jorge ......................................................................................................... 39 Imagen 6. Ubicación geográfica de la Isla Rey Jorge ...................................................... 40 Imagen 7. Áreas importantes para la conservación de aves (IBA) en la Isla Rey Jorge .. 44 Imagen 8. Promedio de precipitación de los últimos 30 años y del periodo de 01/01/2018- 08/06/2018....................................................................................................................... 48 Imagen 9. Evolución de las temperaturas medias anuales, mínimas medias y máximas medias en el periodo 1986-2006 ...................................................................................... 50 Imagen 10. Promedio de temperatura de los últimos 30 años y del periodo de 01/01/2018- 08/06/2018....................................................................................................................... 51 Imagen 11. Velocidad superficial y espesor de hielo de la Isla Rey Jorge ....................... 54 Imagen 12. Glaciares de la Isla Rey Jorge....................................................................... 56 Imagen 13. Regiones Biogeográficas de Conservación Antártica .................................... 59 Imagen 14. Bases Científicas e instalaciones Temporales y Permanente en la Isla Rey Jorge ............................................................................................................................... 65 5 LISTA DE ECUACIONES Ecuación 1. Índice de aumento/disminución de parejas reproductoras ...........................
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