Grammar Reference

UNIT 1 Ellie: Hi, I’m Ellie. Jill: Are you here with friends? Lesson A Ellie: Yes, I’m with two friends. (2) Their Present Tense of be names are Hussein and Lucas. And you? Subject Pronoun Be Jill: I’m with my husband. (3) His I am name is Jose. You are Sam. Lesson C He / She / It is We are Be + Adjective Sam and Sara. They are Subject Be Adjective I am single. Contractions with be You are tall. I’m He is handsome. You’re Sam. She is young and short. He’s / She’s / It’s We are married. We’re Sam and Sara. They are old. They’re Questions with be Short Answers Possessive Adjectives Are you married? Yes, I am. No, I’m not. My name is Sam. No, he / she / it Your name is Sara. he / she / Yes, he / isn’t. Is old? His name is Alex. it she / it is. No, he / she / it is not Her name is Ana. . Yes, they No, they’re not. Its name is Max. Are they tall? are. No, they aren’t. Our names are Yuki and Laura. *With yes short answers, don’t use contractions: Their names are Alex and Ana. Yes, I am. Yes, I’m. Yes, she is. Yes, she’s. A Underline the correct form of be. 1. I am / is a teacher. D Write the correct form of be, and the opposite 2. She is / are a teacher. adjective. 3. We is / are teachers. 1. I’m tall and my friend is short . 4. They am / are students. 2. They’re young and we are / ’re old . 5. This am / is my friend, Julia. 3. She’s single and he is / ’s married . 4. Bill is short with long hair and Sheila B Write the sentences with contractions. is / ’s tall with short hair. 1. He is Ruben. He’s Ruben. 2. I am Diego. I’m Diego. E Complete the conversation. Use contractions where possible. 3. You are Rebecca. You’re Rebecca. A: Hi! How’s it going? 4. They are Ahmet and Omar. They’re Ahmet and Omar. B: Great! And you? A: I’m fine. Are you here with Carol? C Write the possessive adjectives to complete the B: No, I (1) ’m not . Carol is at home. conversation. A: (2) Are you and Carol married now? Jill: Pleased to meet you. (1) My B: Yes, we (3) are . Are you and Nigel name’s Jill. married?

T-170 Grammar Reference

T170-T185_WE3_TB_Int_Grammar_Reference_ptg01.indd 170 2/3/20 5:42 PM A: No, we (4) ’re not / aren’t . • Use an before a word starting with a vowel sound: B: Is Nigel here? an artist, an engineer A: No, he (5) isn’t / ’s not . I’m here with a friend. • Don’t use a / an with plurals: teachers (not a teachers)

UNIT 2 C Write a, an, or – (no article). 1. He’s a waiter. Lesson A 2. She’s a musician. an Negative Present of be 3. Bill is engineer. Subject Pronoun be + not 4. Sue is an artist. I am not 5. They’re – architects. You / We / They are not from Peru. 6. Nigella and Vanessa are – students. He / She / It is not 7. I’m a nurse. 8. Aran is an architect. Contractions with be + not 9. We’re – taxi drivers. ’m not I 1 0 . I’m not a student, I’m a teacher. You / We / They You’re / We’re / from aren’t OR They’re not China. Lesson C He / She / It isn’t He’s / She’s / It’s not Be + Adjective + Noun A Write these sentences with contractions. Statements 1. I am not married. I’m not married. Subject + be Adjective Noun China is a big country. 2. We are not from Egypt. We aren’t from Egypt. / We’re not from Egypt. Africa and Asia are big continents. 3. It is not a big country. It isn’t a big country. / It’s not a big country. Microsoft isn’t a small company. 4. They are not 50 years old. They aren’t 50 years old. / They’re not 50 years old. Amazon and Alibaba small companies. 5. He is not a grandfather. He isn’t a grandfather. / He’s not a aren’t grandfather. *The article comes before the adjective in singular B Write the negative present form of be. Use sentences. contractions. 1. A: Is Fatima an artist? Questions Answers B: No, she isn’t / ’s not . Be Subject Adjective Noun 2. A: Are David and Maria married? Is China a big country? Yes, it is. Africa and Yes, they B: No, they aren’t / ’re not . Are big continents? Asia are. 3. A: Are you single? Is Microsoft a small company? No, it isn’t. B: No, I ’m not . Amazon No, they 4. A: Is this car from Spain? Are and small companies? aren’t. B: No, it isn’t / ’s not . Alibaba

Indefinite Articles (a / an) D Unscramble the sentences and questions. We often use a / an with a person’s job or occupation: 1. China / Is / a / country? / big a teacher, a student, an artist, an engineer Is China a big country? • Use a before a word starting with a consonant sound: 2. big / The / is / a / country. / United States a teacher, a student The United States is a big country.

Grammar Reference T-171

T170-T185_WE3_TB_Int_Grammar_Reference_ptg01.indd 171 2/3/20 5:42 PM 3. is / a / Russia / country. / cold 2. swimming pool / backyard Russia is a cold country. Is there a swimming pool in the backyard? 4. Is / hot / Saudi Arabia / a / country? 3. stairs / your house Is Saudi Arabia a hot country? Are there stairs in your house? 5. country? / small / Belize / Is / a 4. garden / front yard Is Belize a small country? Is there a garden in your front yard? 5. three bedrooms / your house E Answer the questions. Are there three bedrooms in your house? 1. Is Mexico a cold country? 6. closet / bedroom No, it isn’t. It’s a hot country. Is there a closet in your bedroom? 2. Is Chile a big country? Yes, it is. Singular Nouns Plural Nouns 3. Is Vietnam a hot country? 1 house 2 houses Yes, it is. 1 bathroom 2 bathrooms With most nouns, add -s at the end of the word to make 4. Is the UK a small country? Yes, it is. it plural: house houses 5. Is Egypt a wet country? bedroom bedrooms No, it isn’t. It’s a dry country. With some nouns ending with the letters s, y, and o , add -es. With nouns that end in y, we also replace the y with an i. UNIT 3 bus buses city cities Lesson A potato potatoes Some plural nouns are irregular: man men There is / There are child children Statement Question Answers person people There is a Is there a Yes, there is. bathroom. bathroom? No, there isn’t. C Write the plural form. There are two Are there two Yes, there are. 1. apartment apartments bathrooms. bathrooms? No, there aren’t. 2. teacher teachers 3. university universities A Write the correct form of be to complete the schools conversation. 4. school tomatoes My apartment is small. There (1) are 5. tomato children four rooms. There (2) is a 6. child buses kitchen with a table and four chairs. There 7. bus women (3) is a living room with a sofa 8. woman and a TV. There (4) are two Lesson C bedrooms and there (5) is Use prepositions of place to say where a person, object, a bathroom between them. The apartment is on or place is. the tenth floor. There (6) isn’t a Prepositions of Place balcony, but there are a lot of windows.

B Use the words to write questions about somebody’s house. Answers may vary. in on next to between under 1. bathroom / upstairs Is there a bathroom upstairs?

T-172 Grammar Reference

T170-T185_WE3_TB_Int_Grammar_Reference_ptg01.indd 172 2/3/20 5:42 PM D Complete the sentences with a preposition. UNIT 4 1. Lesson A

Demonstratives Singular Plural These are not my books. This is your pen. Near Are these your Is this your dictionary? sunglasses? That is your bag. Those are not my dogs. Far The table is under the window. Is that your notebook? Are those your bags? 2. *Use this and these + noun to talk about things close to the speaker. Use that and those for things far from the speaker.

A Match the words to the four pictures.

this pen that pen these pens those pens

1. Your books are in my bag. 3. these pens

2.

that pen The sofa is between two chairs. 4. 3.

those pens

4. The lamp is next to the TV. this pen 5.

B Write this, that, these, or those to complete the sentences. 1. There’s a red car over there. Is that car yours? Your bag is there. It’s on the table. 2. It’s right here. This bag is Michael’s. 3. Are these your books on this bookcase? 4. Those sunglasses are at my house.

Grammar Reference T-173

T170-T185_WE3_TB_Int_Grammar_Reference_ptg01.indd 173 2/3/20 5:42 PM Lesson B Lesson C Possessive Adjectives Have, Has Subject Pronoun I you he she it we they Statements Negative Possessive my your his her its our their I / You / We / They have I / You / We / They don’t have Adjective a phone. a phone. *Use possessive adjectives to talk about objects, He / She / It has food. He / She / It doesn’t have people, and places. food. My name is John. Those are her books. Yes / No Questions Short Answers What’s your name? Our house is here. That’s his car. Their daughter is a teacher. Do I / you / we / they Yes, I / you / we / they do. *Possessive adjectives have only one form for both have a phone? No, I / you / we / they don’t. singular and plural: his brother → his brothers Does he / she / it have Yes, he / she / it does. food? No, he / she / it doesn’t.

C Use possessive adjectives to complete the E Complete the sentences with have or has. conversation. 1. Jaime has a new laptop. A: What’s that? 2. Do you have a cell phone? B: It’s a photo of (1) my family. This is 3. I don’t have an interesting book. my sister and (2) her husband. They have two children. (3) Their names are 4. Does Lee have a TV? Karina and Juan. 5. Sofia has sunglasses. A: Are those (4) your parents? B: Well, that’s my mother and that’s my stepfather. UNIT 5 (5) His name is Leon.

Possessive Nouns Lesson A Singular Nouns Plural Nouns Simple Present Sheila’s car the men’s pens Use the simple present to talk about: the student’s house the students’ house (more than (one student) one student) • daily activities and routines: Every day, I start work at nine o’clock. *Talk about people + possessions with the possessive ’s. Add -’s to a name: Jim’s house • permanent situations: She lives in San Francisco. With plural nouns ending in s, put the apostrophe after Statement the s: my parents’ house, the students’ books I / You / We / They start *The possessive ’s is not a contraction of is: work at nine o’clock. Antonio’s from Brazil. = Antonio is from Brazil. He / She / It starts This is Antonio’s car. = The car is Antonio’s possession. Spelling Rules

D Put the words in order and add the possessive ’s. • Add -s to most verbs after He / She / It: start → starts, work → works 1. car / Joe / is / old. Joe’s car is old. • Add -es after verbs ending with -s, -sh, or -ch: finish → finishes, watch → watches 2. Vicky / these / are / pens. • With verbs that end in -y, replace the y with an i and These are Vicky’s pens. add -es: study → studies 3. Andrew / birthday / tomorrow. / is Andrew’s birthday is tomorrow. Negative I / You / We / They don’t work at nine 4. hair / is / Laura / long. start Laura’s hair is long. He / She / It doesn’t o’clock. 5. Kate / friends. / Lucas and Chen / are Lucas and Chen are Kate’s friends. 6. parents / it / is / my / house. It is my parents’ house.

T-174 Grammar Reference

T170-T185_WE3_TB_Int_Grammar_Reference_ptg01.indd 174 2/3/20 5:42 PM Wh- Questions 4. We go to the gym in the evening, after work. What do I / you / we / they do? 5. Do you finish work at five o’clock? What time start work? 6. On weekends, he visits his parents. When does he / she / it leave work? Where live? Lesson C

Simple Present Questions A Write the verb in the correct form. I 1. He plays (play) the piano. you Do 2. I don’t study (not study) math. we live in Brazil? 3. Where do they live they like soccer? (live)? he have a laptop? Does she 4. Mark watches (watch) TV every day. it 5. He doesn’t work (not work) in this office. 6. What time does she fnish Short Answers (finish)? I / you / we / they do. Yes, 7. Eliza studies (study) English in college. he / she / it does. 8. They don’t commute (not commute) on I / you / we / they don’t. No, weekends. he / she / it doesn’t.

B Unscramble the words. D Match the questions to the answers. 1. get / up / I / at / six thirty. I get up at six thirty. 1. Do you go to the gym every day? c 2. Do Luis and Felipe live on the same street? a 2. does not / at eight o’clock. / Elena / start work Elena does not start work at eight o’clock. 3. Does your mother travel a lot? d 3. at one thirty. / have lunch / We 4. Do they go to bed at ten? e We have lunch at one thirty. 5. Does the train leave at nine? b 4. morning. / I / every / take a shower a. Yes, they do. Their houses are next to each other. I take a shower every morning. b. Yes, it does. 5. work / finishes / at five o’clock. / Paolo Paolo fnishes work at fve o’clock. c. No, I don’t. I go about twice a week. d. Yes, she does. She often travels to Hong Kong for 6. at night. / starts work / My father My father starts work at night. work. e. No, they don’t. Time Expressions with the Simple Present on + days and in + the + times E Complete the conversation with the correct form at + times dates of the day of do. on Sunday(s) at five o’clock in the morning A: (1) Do you live in the city? on weekdays at noon / midnight in the afternoon B: No, I (2) don’t . I live in the countryside. on weekends at lunchtime in the evening My family has a house there. at night (time) A: Oh, (3) do you have any children? B: Yes, two. A boy and a girl. C Write on, at, or in. A: (4) Do they like it? 1. The meeting is at noon. B: My daughter (5) does . She loves the 2. I work at night, so I go to bed in the countryside. But my son (6) doesn’t . morning. 3. There’s a party on Saturday.

Grammar Reference T-175

T170-T185_WE3_TB_Int_Grammar_Reference_ptg01.indd 175 2/3/20 5:42 PM Adverbs of Frequency G Match 1–5 to a–e. Use adverbs of frequency to talk about how often you do 1. Get up! c something. 2. Stop the car! d always = 100% I always get up at seven o’clock. 3. Don’t play computer games all the time. a sometimes = 50% He sometimes eats eggs for breakfast. 4. Meet me at 5:00. e never = 0% She never goes to bed before midnight. 5. Open your books. b Word order and sometimes a. It’s bad for you. d. The light is red. Usually, the adverb of frequency is between the subject b. And do Exercise F. e. And don’t be late! and the verb: c. It’s time for school. He always / sometimes / never eats eggs for breakfast. You can also put sometimes at the beginning or the end of UNIT 6 the sentence with no change in meaning: Lesson A Sometimes, he eats eggs for breakfast. He eats eggs for breakfast sometimes. Prepositions of Place

F Rewrite the sentences with the adverb of frequency. 1. Every day, he goes to school at nine. (always) He always goes to school at nine. 2. She plays soccer once a week or once a month. on (the corner of) across (from) (sometimes) She sometimes plays soccer. 3. I don’t watch TV. (never) I never watch TV. 4. My father gets up at five o’clock on weekdays and weekends. (always) My father always gets up at fve o’clock. 5. His car is always at the garage. It doesn’t work. (never) His car is always at the garage. It never works. between (two buildings) near

Lesson E *Use prepositions of place to say where a person or object is. Imperatives *Prepositions of place are often after the verb be. Affirmative Negative *Use at with addresses: It’s at 100 Washington Avenue. Turn your phone on. Don’t run! Stop at the red light! Don’t work too hard. A Match the two halves of the sentences. *Use the imperative form of a verb to: Give instructions: Turn the computer on. Turn off 1. My house is at d the music. 2. I’m on b Give advice: Don’t work too hard. Be nice to him. 3. The bank is across e Give orders: Stop! Go! Be quiet! a Give directions: Turn left. Go straight ahead. 4. Your hotel is between 5. Is the airport near c a. the park and the shopping mall. b. the corner of Parkwood Road and Coventry Road. c. here? d. 51 Parkwood Road. e. from the library.

T-176 Grammar Reference

T170-T185_WE3_TB_Int_Grammar_Reference_ptg01.indd 176 2/3/20 5:42 PM Prepositions of Movement C Underline the correct form of have to. 1. Airplane pilots have to / don’t have to wear uniforms. 2. Drivers in the US have to / don’t have to drive on the right side of the road. go into go out of walk up walk down 3. It’s free, so Pablo has to / doesn’t have to pay any money. 4. When you rent a car, you have to / don’t have to show your driver’s license. drive down / along go across 5. Yuki has to / doesn’t have to clean her bedroom. It’s messy! *Use prepositions of movement to say the direction of movement. Prepositions of movement are used after 6. Do / Does you have to take the subway every day? verbs like walk, run, drive, move, fly, go, and travel. D Write sentences using have to. Answers may vary. B Write the correct prepositions. 1. Dan doesn’t have any money. A: How do I get to your office? He has to go to the bank. B: Go (1) into the building and take the 2. It’s 3:00, and your train leaves at 3:30. elevator. Get (2) out of the elevator on I have to leave. the fifth floor. Walk (3) down the 3. Mohamed goes to sleep at 10:00, and it’s 9:30. hallway. My office is on the right. He has to get ready for bed. A: How do I get to your school? 4. I have a toothache. B: Turn right at the train station and drive You have to go to the dentist. (4) down / along High Street. Drive two blocks 5. Ann’s phone is five years old. and then go (5) across Wimbourne She has to get / buy a new phone. Road at the intersection. Drive one more block and my school is on the left. Go in and walk E Write the correct form of do and have in these (6) up the stairs to the second floor. conversations. My classroom is there. 1. A: You have to turn right at the traffic Lesson C light. B: But I have to stop because it’s red. Have to A: Yes, but when it’s green, turn right ... OK, it’s Statements and Negatives green. I You have to 2. A: OK, you can park here. We don’t have to Do have rent a car. B: we to pay They for parking? He has to A: No, we don’t . She doesn’t have to *Use have to to talk about obligation. Use don’t have to 3. A: Where’s Nigella? to talk about no obligation to do something. B: She has to work late. Yes / No Questions A: Does she often have to work late? Do I / you / we / they have to take a taxi? does Does he / she B: Yes, she .

Short Answers I / you / we / they do. Yes, he / she does. I / you / we / they don’t. No, he / she doesn’t.

Grammar Reference T-177

T170-T185_WE3_TB_Int_Grammar_Reference_ptg01.indd 177 2/3/20 5:42 PM UNIT 7 B Write the correct form of be. A: Hi, (1) are you coming? Lesson A B: Where are you? Present Continuous A: I (2) ’m / am standing outside the movie Statements and Negatives theater. ’m I B: Oh, no! Sorry, I forgot. I’m doing my homework. My ’m not teacher wants it tomorrow. (3) Is ’s He / She / It listening to music. Pedro going as well? isn’t A: No, he (4) isn’t . He ’re You / We / They (5) ’s / is doing his homework, too! aren’t *Use the present continuous to talk about actions that C Make questions in the present continuous. are happening at the moment of speaking. 1. Who / call? Who’s calling? Yes / No Questions 2. What / you / do? What are you doing? Are you / they 3. Where / he / go? Where’s / Where is he going? working? Is he / she / it 4. Why / they / shop? Why are they shopping? 5. Dan / play / tennis? Is Dan playing tennis? Short Answers I am. D Match these answers to the questions in C. Yes, he / she / it is. a. They don’t have any food. 4 you / we / they are. b. Yes, he is. 5 I ’m not. No, he / she / it isn’t. c. It’s Christine. 1 you / we / they aren’t. d. To the gym. 3 e. I’m watching the soccer game. 2 Wh- Questions What are we / you / they doing? Lesson C Where is he / she / it going? Can Spelling Rules Can for Ability can can • Most verbs, add -ing to the end: play → playing, Use can to talk about ability: I play soccer. She go → going, watch → watching play tennis very well. • Verbs ending in a consonant + e: have → having, Statement and Negative come → coming can I / You / He / She / It / We / They ski. • Double the final consonant on some verbs: shop → can’t shopping, run → running, swim → swimming Can is a modal verb. There is no -s form with he / she / it. A Write the verb in the present continuous. He can ski. ✓ 1. We ’re going (go) to the movies. He cans ski. ✗ 2. She ’s playing (play) the guitar. Questions 3. I ’m running (run) for the bus! Can I / you / he / she / it / we / they ski? 4. Michael ’s cooking (cook) dinner. 5. I ’m not sleeping (not sleep). I’m awake. Short Answers Yes, I / you / he / she / it / we / they can. 6. Lucia isn’t working (not work) this week. She’s on vacation. No, I / you / he / she / it / we / they can’t. 7. They aren’t taking (not take) a taxi. It’s too Can for Rules expensive. You can also use can / can’t to talk about rules: 8. It isn’t raining (not rain). It’s sunny. You can kick the ball. You can’t use your hands.

T-178 Grammar Reference

T170-T185_WE3_TB_Int_Grammar_Reference_ptg01.indd 178 2/3/20 5:42 PM Can + Adverbs of Manner A Write requests with the words given. Use can + adverbs of manner to talk about how you do 1. Can / try on / this sweater / please? something: Can I try on this sweater, please? She can play the piano (very) well. He can run (very) fast. 2. Could / spell / that / please? How well can she play? Could you spell that, please? How fast can he run? 3. Can / say / that / again? Can you say that again? E Write can or can’t to complete the conversations. 4. Could / pass / the / milk, / please? 1. A: (1) Can you play the guitar? Could you pass the milk, please? B: No, I (2) can’t , but I can sing well. 5. Can / show / another dress? (3) Can you play the song “All Can you show me another dress? You Need Is Love”? can’t 6. Could / have a hamburger / please? A: No, sorry, I (4) . I don’t know it. Could I have a hamburger, please? 2. A: What languages (5) can you 7. Can / have / cup of coffee / please? speak? Can I have a cup of cofee, please? B: I (6) can speak Chinese, 8. Could / help me? Spanish, and English. Could you help me? A: Wow! I can speak English and Spanish, but I (7) can’t speak Chinese. B Check (✓) the polite or correct response. F Underline the correct words. 1. Can I try on a blue shirt? 1. We can ski, but we can / can’t skateboard. No, you can’t. ✓ I’m sorry, but we don’t 2. Yes, I can / can’t. have blue. 2. 3. In soccer, you can / can’t use your hands. Could I pay by cash, please? ✓ 4. Leo can’t swim very well / not very well. Yes, of course. Yes, you do. 5. No, I can / can’t. 3. Can you help me this afternoon? 6. In basketball, you can / can’t kick the ball. ✓ I’m afraid that No, I can’t. I’m busy. UNIT 8 4. Could you say that again? ✓ Lesson A Yes, sure. Yes, course. Lesson C Can / Could for Polite Requests Can I try it on, please? Could you pass the salt, please? Object Pronouns Can you repeat that? Could you say that again? Subject Pronoun Verb Object Pronoun Can I help you? Could you show me another? Can I have the sugar, Could you call me a taxi, I me. please? please? You love(s) you. He like(s) him * You can use can or could for polite requests. Could is . She (don’t / her more formal than can. . It doesn’t) like * In English, we often add “please” at the end of the it. We hate(s) request because it is more polite. us. They them. *Can and could are modal verbs. Do not use the auxiliary verb do with modal verbs in questions: *Object pronouns come after the verb and replace a noun: Can you repeat that, please? ✓ I like pizza. → I like it. Do you can repeat that, please? ✗ Bill loves Gill. → Bill loves her. He works with Chen and Joan. → He works with them. Affirmative Response Negative Response Can you help me and my friend? → Can you help us? Do you like Rafael? → Do you like him? Of course. I’m sorry, but... (give reason). Yes. I’m afraid that… (give reason). Sure.

Grammar Reference T-179

T170-T185_WE3_TB_Int_Grammar_Reference_ptg01.indd 179 2/3/20 5:42 PM C Put the words in the correct order. 3. Does she have some / any water bottles? 1. likes / she / him She likes him. 4. They have some / any exams this week. 2. don’t / I / them / like I don’t like them. 5. Can I have some / any chocolate cake? 3. do / like / you / me? Do you like me? 6. The supermarket doesn’t have some / any butter today. 4. my friend / it / hates My friend hates it. 7. Do you need some / any eggs? 5. them / are / we / meeting We are meeting them. 8. There isn’t some / any bread. Sorry! 6. doesn’t / us / like / Sheila Sheila doesn’t like us. B Write some or any to complete the conversation. D Complete the conversations with object pronouns. A: I’m going to the supermarket. Do we need 1. A: Do you like your new car? (1) any meat? B: I love it ! B: No, we have (2) some in the fridge. It’s 2. A: Can you help me / us / them? chicken. B: Sure. What’s the problem? A: OK. What about vegetables? Do we have 3. A: Do you know Rachel and Jim? (3) any ? B: Yes, I know them very well. B: We need (4) some potatoes. Oh, and can 4. A: I’m walking to the restaurant now. Is Susana you get me (5) some bottles of water? meeting us , too? A: How many? B: Yes, she’s already here. B: Six, please. Also, we don’t have (6) any ice.

UNIT 9 Lesson C Count Nouns and Non-count Nouns Lesson A Count Nouns (plural ending -s) Non-count Nouns Some and Any Some nouns are countable. Other nouns are non- Statement Negative Question You can count them and they count. You cannot count can become plural. They them, and they are There’s some milk We don’t have Do you have have a singular and plural always singular: rice, in the fridge. any soda. any fruit juice? form: chair → chairs, carrot water, information → carrots, pen → pens We use some and any before a noun to talk about quantities: There are some onions in the cupboard. = an amount Count nouns take singular Non-count nouns only (e.g., two or more) and plural verbs: The apple take a singular verb: The There aren’t any onions in the cupboard. = no amount (i.e., is red. The apples are red. water is hot. zero) We normally use some in positive statements and any with C Check (✓) count or non-count for the nouns. negatives and questions. But we can also use some with requests with can / could: Count Non-count Can / Could I have some water, please? 1. time ✓ ✓ You can also use some and any without a noun when you 2. house know what the person is talking about: 3. book ✓ A: Is there any milk? 4. ice ✓ B: Yes, there is some in the fridge. (some = some milk) 5. car ✓ A: Can I have an apple? 6. key ✓ B: Sorry, but I don’t have any. (any = any apples) 7. water ✓ 8. salt ✓ A Underline the correct word. 9. train ✓ 1. There are some / any vegetables in this bowl. 10. coffee ✓ 2. I don’t have some / any fruit. Let’s go to the store.

T-180 Grammar Reference

T170-T185_WE3_TB_Int_Grammar_Reference_ptg01.indd 180 2/3/20 5:42 PM How many / How much Affirmative and Negative How much + Non-count feel / don’t feel well. How many + Count Nouns I / You / We / They Nouns look / don’t look tired. feels / doesn’t feel sick. We use how many to ask We use how much to ask He / She / It about plural count nouns: about non-count nouns: looks / doesn’t look happy. How many trains are there How much coffee do you to London today? want? Yes / No Questions *We use how much / how many to ask about quantities. Do I / you / we / they feel tired? Does he / she / it look happy? D Write many or much to complete the conversation. Short Answers A: How (1) many people are coming? Yes, I do. No, you don’t. B: Twenty, I think. Yes, he does. No, she doesn’t. A: Do we have everything? How (2) much Information Questions soda is there? How do you feel? Fine, thanks. B: Ten bottles, so that’s fine. Don’t worry! How is he feeling? He’s fine. A: I’m not! How (3) many sandwiches *You can ask these questions with no are there? difference in meaning: How do you B: About one hundred! feel? / How are you feeling? A: Wow! How (4) much money are we spending on this party?! A Match the two halves of the sentences. 1. The two brothers feel g E Write the question for each answer. Start each 2. e question with How much or How many. Do you 3. Sasha doesn’t a 1. How many boxes of chocolates are there ? 4. You d There are three boxes of chocolates. 5. How are f 2. How much pasta is there ? 6. How do b Not much! I can buy some more pasta. 7. Does c 3. How many brothers do you have ? I have three brothers. a. feel well. 4. How much orange juice do we have ? b. you feel? We only have one bottle, so can you buy some c. she look tired? more orange juice? d. don’t look well. 5. How many friends do you have in your class ? e. feel OK? I have three friends in my class. f. you feeling? g. sick. UNIT 10 B Complete the sentences. Lesson A 1. A: Do you feel OK? Feel, Look + Adjective B: Yes, I do . 2. A: How is Melanie? We use an adjective after the verbs look and feel: You look great! B: She doesn’t feel well. They feel terrible! 3. A: How do you feel / ? are you feeling We often use these adjectives after look and feel: great, B: I feel terrible. happy, fantastic, OK, well / not well, terrible, sick, tired 4. A: What’s the matter? B: I don’t feel well.

Grammar Reference T-181

T170-T185_WE3_TB_Int_Grammar_Reference_ptg01.indd 181 2/3/20 5:42 PM Lesson C 2. We don’t should eat junk food. We shouldn’t eat junk food. Should (for advice) 3. Affirmative and Negative Bill shoulds go to bed. Bill should go to bed. I / You / He / She / It / should take the medicine. 4. Do I should take this medicine? We / They shouldn’t go to work today. Should I take this medicine? *We use should / shouldn’t to ask for and give advice. 5. *Should is a modal verb. No, you don’t should. • It has no third-person -s with he / she / it: He should No, you shouldn’t. go. He shoulds go. • Don’t use the auxiliary do with should: You shouldn’t UNIT 11 go. You don’t should go. • Don’t use to before the next verb: You should go. Lesson A You should to go. Be going to Yes / No Questions Short Answers Statements Yes, you should. / No, you am Should I go to bed? I shouldn’t. ’m He is go out for dinner. She Wh- Questions ’s going to have a barbecue. It What should I do? go to the movies. You Where should I go? are We ’re They C Match the questions and answers. *Use be going to to talk about making plans. 1. I feel sick. Should I see a doctor? d * We often use be going to with these time expressions: tomorrow, next Sunday / week / year. 2. I have a headache. What should I do? a 3. Nelson has a toothache. What should he do? b Negatives 4. Should Uzra see a doctor? e am not I 5. Hilary has a cough. What should she do? c ’m not He a. You should take some pain relievers. is not have a party. She isn’t meet my friends. b. He should see a dentist. It going to celebrate the c. She should take some cough medicine. You are not anniversary. We d. Yes, you should. aren’t They e. No, she shouldn’t. Yes / No Questions Short Answers D Write should or shouldn’t to complete the advice. Are you 1. You look tired. You should go back going have a Yes, I am. / No, I’m not. to party? Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t. to bed. Is he 2. He has a bad toothache, so he should Wh- Questions go to the dentist. What are you going to do tomorrow? 3. Sally has a fever, so she shouldn’t go to Where are you going to celebrate? school today. 4. My headache is terrible. I should take more pain relievers. A Match the questions to the answers. 1. Where are they going to live? d E Circle the mistake in each sentence and rewrite it. 2. Is she going to come tonight? b 1. You should to see the doctor. 3. Why are they going to have a party? c You should see the doctor. 4. Are Miles and Irina going to get new jobs? e 5. Are you going to take a vacation? a

T-182 Grammar Reference

T170-T185_WE3_TB_Int_Grammar_Reference_ptg01.indd 182 2/3/20 5:42 PM a. No, I’m not. Not this year. 3. to be / Would / you / a / doctor? / like b. Yes, she is. Would you like to be a doctor? c. Because it’s their anniversary. 4. Deng / medicine. / would / to / study / like Deng would like to study medicine. d. In a house near Monterrey. 5. What / like / to be? / would / you e. Yes, they are. What would you like to be? B Complete the sentences using be going to and D Write would or wouldn’t to complete the the verb. conversation. 1. I ’m going to learn (learn) a new language. A: would ’re going to buy What (1) you like to do when you 2. You (buy) some new clothes. leave school? is going to meet 3. Ella (meet) Ken at the cafe. B: I’m going to travel for a year, then go to college. aren’t going to celebrate 4. They (not celebrate) her A: That’s interesting. (2) Would you like to birthday. go around the world? isn’t going to go 5. He (not go) to college. B: No, I (3) wouldn’t . I (4) would / ’d 6. Is he going to have like to spend a long time in one country and learn (have) a party? about it. 7. What are you going to do (do)? E Circle the mistake in each sentence and rewrite it. 8. Are we going to take 1. She woulds like to have a party. (take) the bus? She would like to have a party. 2. We don’t would like to see that movie. Lesson C We wouldn’t like to see that movie. Would like to for Wishes 3. I would to like to go out this evening. Affirmative and Negative I would like to go out this evening. I / You / He / She / would / ’d study English 4. Do you would like to come to my birthday? like to It / We / They wouldn’t in college. Would you like to come to my birthday? *We use would like to to talk about wishes for the future. *In everyday English, we contract would: I’d like to study English. UNIT 12 *Would is a modal verb. • It has no third-person -s with he / she / it: He would Lesson A like... / He woulds like... Simple Past • Don’t use the auxiliary do with would: You wouldn’t Statements like. / You don’t would like. lived in London in 2000. I / You / He / moved to Lima last month. She / It / We / Yes / No Questions Short Answers went to the movies yesterday. They Would you like to be a Yes, I would. / No, left school three years ago. teacher? I wouldn’t. *Use the simple past to talk about completed actions and events in the past. Wh- Questions Answers *Verbs in the simple past have one form: I lived, you What would you like to do I’d like to play soccer. lived, he lived, she lived next? I’d like to go to the Regular Verbs Where would you like to go? movies. Spelling rules for regular verbs in the simple past: • Add to most verbs ending with a consonant: C Unscramble the words. -ed worked, stayed, started 1. to be / a / would / like / I / musician. • Change y to i with two-syllable verbs ending I would like to be a musician. in y: study → studied 2. Helen / like / What / would / to be? What would Helen like to be?

Grammar Reference T-183

T170-T185_WE3_TB_Int_Grammar_Reference_ptg01.indd 183 2/3/20 5:42 PM • Add -d to verbs ending in e: live → lived, B Correct the spelling mistakes in these regular verbs. move → moved 1. studyed studied • Double the final letter with some verbs ending in a vowel + consonant: stop → stopped 2. stoped stopped 3. visitied visited Irregular Verbs 4. liveed lived Some verbs are irregular. Do not add -ed in the simple past. Irregular verbs include: 5. moveed moved buy – bought do – did drive – drove C Complete this table of irregular verbs. eat – ate get – got give – gave go – went have – had leave – left Present Past make – made meet – met see – saw 1. sell sold sell – sold take – took wear – wore 2. take took 3. has had Negatives 4. go went live in London in 2000. 5. get got 6. do did I / You / He / move to Lima last month. She / It / We / didn’t go to the movies yesterday. They Cardinal Numbers Ordinal Numbers leave school two years ago. 1 one 1st first *Use didn’t for negative sentences in the simple past. 2 two 2nd second 3 three 3rd third Was / were 4 four 4th fourth The verb to be is irregular in the simple past. 5 five 5th fifth th I / He / She / It was born in 1966. 6 six 6 sixth 7 seven 7th seventh You / We / They were a doctor / doctors. 8 eight 8th eighth Negative 9 nine 9th ninth I / He / She / It wasn’t born in 1966. 10 ten 10th tenth th You / We / They weren’t a doctor / doctors. 11 eleven 11 eleventh 20 twenty 20th twentieth 21 twenty-one 21st twenty-first Change the sentences to the simple past. A 22 twenty-two 22nd twenty-second 1. I live in Amsterdam. I lived in Amsterdam. Lesson B 2. They arrive at 10. Simple Past Questions They arrived at 10. Was / Were Questions 3. I go to my English class. I went to my English class. Was I / he / she / it a student / Were you / we / they students? 4. He is a teacher. He was a teacher. Short Answers I / he / she / it was. 5. She studies mathematics. Yes, She studied mathematics. you / we / they were. I / he / she / it wasn’t. 6. We don’t travel by train to Paris. No, We didn’t travel by train to Paris. you / we / they weren’t. 7. I buy my clothes at that shop. I bought my clothes at that shop. Wh- Questions 8. My friends and I aren’t busy. What did you do? I went to the movies. My friends and I weren’t busy. When were you born? In 2001. 9. This computer doesn’t work. Where did you live? I lived in California. This computer didn’t work. How long did you study there? I studied for 3 years. 10. Pamela and Mike don’t like my cooking. Pamela and Mike didn’t like my cooking.

T-184 Grammar Reference

T170-T185_WE3_TB_Int_Grammar_Reference_ptg01.indd 184 2/3/20 5:42 PM D Unscramble the words. Lesson C 1. arrive at / when / did you / school / ? Yes / No Questions When did you arrive at school? Did I / you / he / she / it / we / they go to college? 2. home / you / did / leave / why / ? Short Answers Why did you leave home? Yes, I / he / she / it / you / we / they did. 3. your friends / at / were / the cafe / ? No, I / he / she / it / you / we / they didn’t. Were your friends at the cafe? 4. in / did / how long / you live / Bangkok / ? How long did you live in Bangkok? F Complete the questions and answers with did or 5. did / work / they / where / ? didn’t. Where did they work? 1. A: Did they have a goodbye party? 6. Michael / the party / was / at ? B: Yes, they did . It was fun! Was Michael at the party? 2. A: Did you sell the house? B: No, we didn’t . E Write the missing words to complete the 3. A: Did Ian buy the tickets? conversation. B: Yes, he did . Well, he bought the A: (1) Were you born in Canada? train tickets, but he didn’t buy the B: No, I (2) wasn’t . I (3) was bus tickets. born in Syria, but my parents moved to France. 4. A: Did she get a visa? A: How long (4) did you stay in France? B: No, she didn’t . She B: Twelve years. But then I left France when I didn’t need one. (5) was 18 to study in the US. A: (6) When did you come to Canada? B: I (7) came about five years ago.

Common Irregular Verbs

Base Form Simple Past Past Participle Base Form Simple Past Past Participle begin began begun make made made break broke broken meet met met bring brought brought pay paid paid buy bought bought put put put come came come read read read do did done ride rode ridden drink drank drunk run ran run drive drove driven say said said eat ate eaten see saw seen feel felt felt send sent sent get got gotten sit sat sat give gave given sleep slept slept go went gone speak spoke spoken have had had swim swam swum hear heard heard take took taken hurt hurt hurt tell told told know knew known think thought thought leave left left throw threw thrown let let let understand understood understood lose lost lost write wrote written

Grammar Reference T-185

T170-T185_WE3_TB_Int_Grammar_Reference_ptg01.indd 185 2/3/20 5:42 PM