Western Washington University Western CEDAR

Klipsun Magazine Western Student Publications

12-1978

Klipsun Magazine, 1978, Volume 09, Issue 02 - December

Gregg Olsen Western Washington University

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Recommended Citation Olsen, Gregg, "Klipsun Magazine, 1978, Volume 09, Issue 02 - December" (1978). Klipsun Magazine. 45. https://cedar.wwu.edu/klipsun_magazine/45

This Issue is brought to you for free and open access by the Western Student Publications at Western CEDAR. It has been accepted for inclusion in Klipsun Magazine by an authorized administrator of Western CEDAR. For more information, please contact [email protected]. December 1978 •/i -■

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2 KUPSUN/DECEMBER1978 December 1978 Vol. 9 Issue 2 13 23 Dixy and Neutrinos Seven Western faculty have the Press turned a dream into a reality Gov. Dixy Lee Ray’s — detection of neutrinos. The relationship with the press has wave of the future, maybe? not been an especially close by Beth Jacobson one. Who’s at fault? Ray? and Amie Klimke The press? Stay tuned . . . by Dawn Battson 26 Fairhaven Fairhaven must increase 5 enrollment or its doors might Scrimshaw 18 close — permanently. Who This art — or craft — starts Solar Power wants to go to a school that’s with a small piece of ivory that In spite of the clouds in on its way out? Not so fast! is etched and inked into Northwest skies, solar power Fairhaven is fighting to intricate designs. The scrim- is no longer the pet project of survive. shander has only one chance environmentalists here. by Rudy Yuly to get it right. by Laura Merkel by Janet Simmelink 9 20 Minorities Aquaculture Minority enrollment is Ten years after the Lummi down at Western and other project began, questions are colleges and universities. As still unanswered. Is the pro­ one faculty member said, ject worthwhile or is it a case “ Western is becoming a lily- of “throwing money down Behind the S to ry ...... 4 white campus again. ’ ’ the drain?” M isc ...... 8 by Judy Gish by Bill Bailey Opinion ...... 31

Editor: Rudy Yuly Inside Front Cover Gregg Olsen Laura Merkel by Clay Hartl Story Editor: Janet Simmelink Back Cover Bruce Stinshoff Marla McCallister by Darrell Butorac Production Manager: Dave McCracken Special Thanks to Leslie Kelly Roger Schauble Marla McCallister Production Ass V; Craig O ’Hara Kathy Johnson Klipsun is a twice quarterly Susan Stauffer publication funded with student fees Photo Editor: Gwen Collins and distributed without charge. Clay Haiti Billy Bailey Klipsun, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washing­ Office Manager: Linda Rodick ton 98225. Published at the Print Beth Jacobson Advisor: Shop, WWU, Bellingham, Staff: Carolyn Dale Washington. Kim Klein Typesetter: Copyright © 1978 Judy Gish Sharon K. Smith

DECEMBER 1978/KUPSUN 3 BEHIND THE STORY

As a writer gathers information, stories change — feasible and possible in the Northwest. ’ ’ some only slightly, others more drastically. Battson said she thinks Gov. Ray “ floated into Gish set up interviews and did research on the office on a wave of favorable ‘imagery’ press. Yet,” premise of doing a story on the decline and fall of the Battson said, “ from the beginning of her admin­ College of Ethnic Studies. istration she continually called ‘foul’ at many The story covered a larger scope than she realized. articles that appeared in newspapers. And the press “ As I began researching, I became aware that it would reply ‘fairplay.’ Why should this happen? was only a minor detail in a larger picture — the Was the press out to get Dixy, as the the governor future of minority education, ’ ’ she said. claimed? Was Dixy out to misinform and mislead “It was shocking and enlightening for me to the public, as the press claimed? realize how little I knew about the situation. I had “ Shades of the Nixonian era! The press vs. the blithly assumed that, since people were no longer executive except the battle was happening in our rioting in the streets, everything was getting better. own backyard. ’ ’ After all, one no longer read about minority dissatisfaction in the newspapers or saw it on TV — the old “ no news is good news. ’ ’ As a woman, Gish said she has faced discrimin­ ation. “As a reporter, I am supposed to be informed. I felt that if I could be so ignorant and unaware, others must be equally so. ” No one wants to confront unpleasant facts. It is much easier to ignore them or to pretend they don’t exist. Often they are not acknowledged until it is too late.” As Gish said, “ It is the journalist’s job to present Often upon completion of an article, a writer information. After that, it is all up to the reader. ’ ’ wishes he or she would have added, “ That quote Merkel first became interested in solar energy this about the ...,” or “ a little more background .... ” summer, when she worked at a Youth Conservation Yuly said he would have liked to have Corps camp on the Olympic Peninsula, (“ 37 miles mentioned — from the nearest sign of civilization. ” ) “ Vice President Talbot’s English accent, his One of the projects planned that Merkel found pleasant but realistic answers — patient answers — interesting was building a solar collector to heat hot to my repetitive and slow questions. water for the dorms, she said. “ Perhaps I would’ve said something about how It had never occured to her that “one could sweaty my palms were when I shook hands with actually use the sun’s energy directly, particularly to President Olscamp, how his polite, businesslike take a shower using no energy to heat the water answers gave me the impression that my fifteen whatsoever. ’ ’ minutes were almost up. It would’ve been nice to Unfortunately, Merkel said, they never got talk about Dean Ager’s obvious love for Fair haven, around to building the collector. ‘ ‘Although we often the intense and articulately sincere conversation that ran short of hot water for showers, and the hot water we had. Or Fairhaven faculty member Michael heater leaked terribly. Burnett smoking several cigarettes (Winston? After a week spent in a remote back-country camp Marlboro?) with nervous fingers and repeated with half of the enrollees, taking baths in mountain protestations that he wasn’t the best person to ask, streams, I valued even more the luxury of hot water. during our short interview. ’ ’ Coming back to Western this fall and remem­ Enough of the ‘ ‘would have’s. ’ ’ bering the cold baths I had endured, I decided to do So you see, there is always a story or stories my own checking into whether solar energy was behind the story. — G.O.

4 KUPSUN/DECEMBER1978 Photo by Kim Klein tes ok rm eoy Al have All memory. from work others of butterflies or ships to use as guides, guides, as use to ships or butterflies of tools. needle-like sharp, with ivory of pieces bent over well-lit workbenches, small workbenches, on designs well-lit intricate scratching over bent dozen or so craftsmen spend their days their spend craftsmen so or dozen Some have books opened to pictures pictures to opened books have Some n n l hue n elnhm a Bellingham, in house old an In and that’s about it it about that’s and “. . . It’s a very unforgiving medium . . . you get one chance one get you . . . medium unforgiving It’s avery . . “. cacig n Existence an Scratching Scrimshaw: years. working as a scrimshander for over four four for over as a scrimshander working beside beside them. One of them, Scott Judge, has been been has Judge, Scott them, of One scrimshaw. called is do they work the Alaska Silver and Ivory Company, and and Company, Ivory and Silver Alaska inks colored of rows and work, their magnifying eye-pieces to aide them in in them aide to eye-pieces magnifying ...” by Janet Simmelink Janet by These are the scrimshanders of the the of scrimshanders the are These ol da o te ed f pn” pin,” a of head the on draw could number. called the he child, a was he since drawings pencil said that building security employment ug si. ‘en n fo, asked I fool, no ‘‘Being said. Judge the at sign a saw he when Bill G.I. ‘ ‘artist wanted. ’ ’ Having done pen and and ‘ pen ’ wanted. done ‘artist ’Having Judge was attending Western on the the on Western attending was Judge ‘ ‘They asked me how many angles I angles many how ‘me asked ‘They EEBR17/LPU 5 1978/KLIPSUN DECEMBER

KLIPSUN/DECEMBER1978 6

Photo by Kim Klein how big of a pin. I’ve been working for for working been I’ve pin. a of big how buckles, etc. and does larger, more more larger, does and etc. buckles, detailed work by special order. When When order. special by work belt detailed bracelets, pendants, — jewelry ’ since. ever company ’ the Judge and the other scrimshanders get get scrimshanders other the and Judge outline and adds the details with an an with details the adds and the outline scratching begins he lead Then soft a pencil. with ivory the on etch will gold. in set already is it on, work a piece to of ivory carbide point. As he goes, he inks the the inks he goes, he As tungsten point. a carbide with tool a or knife exacto color, the darker portions of the picture picture the of portions darker the color, with working When grooves. scratched ink the wipes then ivory, of the surface away so that it remains only in the the in only remains it that so away are inked first. inked are that’s about it. You can’t tell what what tell can’t You it. about and chance one that’s get You “ said. Judge the completed picture. It seals the ink ink the seals It picture. completed the into the grooves of the ivory, and the the and ivory, the of grooves the into you so it, ink you until done you’ve work in stages, and ink as you go.” go.” you as ink and stages, in work excess isexcess wiped off. Alaska Co. specializes in making making in specializes Co. Alaska Judge first outlines the picture he he picture the outlines first Judge A thin coat of varnish is wiped over over wiped is varnish of coat thin A “ It’s a very unforgiving medium,” medium,” unforgiving very a It’s “ ug si h el ta a o o the of lot a that feels he said Judge regretted having to scrimshaw because because scrimshaw to having regretted euyo h ic stefe n look and feel the is piece the of beauty of the ivory itself. ivory of the boats that sailed fi*om New England in in fi*om England sailed New that boats their magnificient jaws and ivory teeth, teeth, ivory and jaws with magnificient whales, their Sperm century. 18th the piece of the was so ’ivory nice, ’ said. he lived far out in the oceans, and whale whale and oceans, the in out far lived of them. five to sea hunting at up years spend would oil, for eager their hunters believing a whaling ship would carry carry would ship whaling a into believing deluded boys country green were them to fabulous adventures in odd but but odd in adventures fabulous to them jobless environment, home unhappy an fleeing law, the from sanctuary seeking oprd o h Bak oe f Cal­ of as Hole ‘ hell and floating ‘asa close to Black cutta, the to compared romantic places far across the sea. places the across far romantic they because or starvation, facing and drunk, while shanghaied were they quarters which have often been been devised. have yet ’men ’ often have which quarters ihu ihigo wae ad the and whale, a of sighting a without “ Most ordinary seamen went because because went seamen ordinary Most “ Scrimshaw was bom in the whale whale the in bom was Scrimshaw According to Charles Meyer, author author Meyer, Charles to According ’e oe lt f ics ht I that pieces of lot a done I’ve “ They lived in crowded, filthy filthy crowded, in lived They ek o vn ots ol o by go could months even or Weeks Whaling and the A rt of Scrimshaw^ of rt A the and Whaling

bored whalemen started entertaining entertaining started whalemen bored hmevs y cacig itrs on pictures scratching by themselves the ivory teeth on board. on teeth ivory the taken on a single voyage. They were were They voyage. single a on taken to up yielded whale adult each as ship, carved on the ivory with jacknives or or jacknives with ivory the on carved to up and weighed 10five long to inches the grooves to complete the picture. the complete to grooves the scrimshanders first These pound. a i pee. ev hd oe really some had We’ve pieces. big whale from holders, pen and canes, spools pins, rolling chessmen, boxes, into ink black poured then needles, sail They arrive at the company whole or in in or whole company at the arrive They be would teeth of thousands and 50, packages weighing up to 150 pounds, in deliver 150 pounds, to up packages weighing men postal and UPI mystified The material. of scarcity this the of of little Very isbecause today done scrimshaw carved bone. and teeth work cages, bird including artifacts, Judge said, “ mostly the Mastadon Mastadon the Alaska. in up dug been have mostly that “ tusks said, Judge close it. to or species list, endangered the on are today animals ivory-bearing most but ivory killed, they their animals the from got old of scrimshanders Whales’ teeth were plentiful on the the on plentiful were teeth Whales’ hy lo avd vrey of variety a carved also They “ We specialize in fossilized ivory,” ivory,” fossilized in specialize We “ . They asked me how many angles I could draw on the head of a pin . . . I asked how big a pin ...” wrappings that twist around and around.” Judge said that pictorial scrimshaw today is limited by the demands of the market, and the demand now is for pictures of ships, seals, eagles, whales and flowers. But the early scrimshanders were limited only in their imaginations. Although some used pictures from the few magazines on board as models, most etched what they knew best — scenes of ships and whales, the hunt and the kill. Often they etched pictures of the women they left behind, or hoped to someday meet, and some of their pictures were pornographic. Although the whaling industry in America died out after the discovery of rock oil in the late 1800s, a few scrimshanders carried on the art. According to William Gilkerson, author of The Scrimshander, scrim­ shaw done before the early 1920s is generally considered “ old” scrim­ shaw, and until the 1960s it was stored in attics or garages. John Kennedy, an avid fan of scrim­ shaw, kept pieces of his collection on his desk. They often appeared in photographs with him. One piece depicting the presidential seal was done for the president by scrimshander Milton Delano. It was later placed in his casket by Mrs. Kennedy. That exposure of scrimshaw as part of a national heritage had an immediate impact on the art. The price of raw sperm whale teeth doubled and doubled again. Old scrimshaw done by whalers came out of the attics and went into the museums, or were bought by collectors. A demand for “new scrimshaw” was created, and a whole new gener­ ation of scrimshanders learned the PhotoHartl by Clay craft. Scott Judge is one of the new preclude art, it does get in the way. No generally agreed to mean “ wasting generation of scrimshanders who have one is doing abstract expression in time in idle pursuits. ’ ’ Looking around never been to sea. Yet his specialty is scrimshaw yet. the workshop of the Alaska Silver and pictures of whales and ships. “ As far as art with a capital A, 98 Ivory Co., it is obvious that scrim­ “ Scrimshaw has the possibility of percent of the stuff is definitely not. shaw is no longer ‘‘wasting time,” but being an art,” Judge said, “ but that But, of course. I’d say the same thing a business now gearing up for the hasn’t really been followed up much about 98 percent of the stuff in art Christmas rush. The whale hunters are yet. People are not interested in it as galleries, anyhow. ’ ’ gone, but the hunt lives on — etched art. They want to buy things they are The original meaning of the word on pieces of ivory by a new generation used to seeing. While that doesn’t scrimshaw has been lost, but it is of scrimshanders. □

DECEMBER 1978/KLIPSUN 7 MISC A Hero. . . Here Oh? Andy Cohen, a recreation/park management major, tells a hero’s story. But, he claims he isn’t a hero. “ Being a hero is when you’re the only one to know how scared you are,” Cohen said. Cohen was the Olympic National Forest ranger who frantically searched in icy cold rapids for 18-year-old Chuck Wamock, presumed drowned during a 1977 summer outing with his family. After the first hour of the four-hour long search, the family was informed the searchers were only looking for a New Support for Courts body. ‘ ‘I realized I was looking for a body, Western will build eight new tennis them,” Goltz said. “ We just didn’t not a person,” Cohen said. “ I didn’t courts, at an estimated cost of imagine they were going to settle so want to see it ... the though made me $153,000, University Planning Officer much and so unevenly. Hindsight tells nauseous. I kept hoping they would call H.A. “ Barney” Goltzsaid. me that putting the courts there was me out of the water. I wanted to be The new courts will be installed not the best decision, but we were anywhere but there ... but somebody “ west of the Environmental Studies going on the best information we had at had to do it.” center, close to the football field,” the time, and that information told us Cohen was secured with ropes by his Goltz said. that we could maintain the courts at a rescue team. Dressed only in his The existing tennis courts, which relatively low cost. Unfortunately, that uniform and heavy boots, he had to were installed years ago at a cost of didn’t turn out to be the case. ’ ’ continually go under water to look $40,000, are “ not in very good under rocks where they expected the condition” Goltz said. The courts The existing courts, located just body would be lodged. The rescuers settled because the ground they were south of Carver Gymnasium, have been had the right idea of where to look for built on could not support their weight. appropriated as the future sight of a the body, but they had no idea of the “ We knew that they were probably planned non-spectator gymnasium, miraculous outcome. going to settle when we installed Goltz said. The boy was forced under a huge rock by the tumulting water pressure of a small waterfall. Beneath the rock was a cavern-like air pocket big enough for Designing a Major the boy’s torso. There he could For those students whose academic program coordinator, said. The breathe. After four hours the river had interests do not fall into the category of program was initiated to provide risen and only his head was above one of the standard majors offered at method for students to satisfy indi­ water. Simultaneously as the rescue Western, an alternative exists. vidual preferences for education in a team were about to give up and call for Through the Liberal Studies depart­ specific area, or in a general area not replacements, a huge rush of water ment, Western students can design a covered by any standard major offered dislodged the boy. Cohen spotted and major taylored to their own interests, at Western. reached the boy in seconds and lifted as long as it does not closely resemble The student selects the classes he or him to safety, where first-aid began to any existing major offered. she feels are appropriate within the save his life. The program of Student-Faculty major and has ^em approved by the “The best part was meeting the designed majors grew out of dissatis­ respective departments and assigned parents on the trail and them seeing faction in the ’60s with what was committees. The major requires him alive,” Cohen said. “ It was so considered limited academic offerings approval at three different stages before emotional ... so tearful. ’ ’ by some students, Roscoe Buckland, final approval.

8 KLIPSUN/DECEMBER1978 Minorities: Whitewash at Western

by Judy Gish

“. . . Western is becoming a lily-white campus again . . . Little is being done to encourage minority students ...”

Like the sound of silence, minority 1972, a peak year for minority changes might be unsettling to those students at Western are most con­ enrollment. who believe discrimination disappeared spicuous by their absence. Check it out. The inevitable questions are: where with the sixties. How many non-white faces accent the did they go and why aren’t they here? Tommy Lee, Assistant Professor of colorless wash of people on campus? To The answers, according to several English, returning this quarter from a be exact, 356 ethnics of color were persons at Western connected with the sabbatical, said he believes minority enrolled in 1978, according to the study of ethnic problems, reflect major education is in a state of “retro­ registrar’s office. That is 73 fewer than changes in the direction of minority gression. ’ ’ the year before and 138 fewer than in education. The implications of the This statement is easily substan-

DECEMBER1978/KLIPSUN 9 . . . The recruiter pitch says ‘you’ll be welcome here’ . . . 99

tiated. The College of Ethnic Studies collapsed from lack of support in 1977. Its skeletal remains became the Ethnic Studies department. Now, the remaining courses in ethnic studies are in the process of being removed from the list of GUR electives. Hugh Fleetwood, chairman of the GUR Committee, said he things ‘ ‘there has always been some resistence on the part of the faculty to making the study of minorities a positive requirement. ’ ’ Assistant Dean for Minority Affairs Joyce Gomez said, “ We can honestly say we don’t have any minority programs here at Western. ’ ’ Lee said he thinks Western is becoming a lily-white campus again.’’ He added that he sees little being done here to encourage “ motivated, aca­ demically qualified students. ’ ’ On a national scale, he said he thinks institutions are more concerned with “ filling quotas” than with education. Minority students who are academ­ ically handicapped are recruited by colleges with the promise of “ implied assistance.” That assistance never materializes, Lee said, and the student finds himself stranded and unable to keep up. “ Schools do not support their ‘support systems’ programs,” he said. He cited as an example the Study Skill Tutorial Center at the University of Washington. Ostensiblity developed to assist minorities, in reality it is available to any student. A stiff of one full-time and two part-time writing teachers must handle the needs of the entire student body. Lee estimates the number of minority students who drop out of the University of Washington to be about two thirds of those who enter. He said they become disillusioned because so little attention is focused on their particular problems. “ The recruiter pitch says ‘you’ll be welcome here’,” Lee said. But what student actually encounters is profound ‘ ‘indifference, ’ ’ he said. Students who drop-out find them­ selves with a larger problem than they had before they start^ school, Lee said. While attending, a student might take out several thousands of dollars in

10 KLIPSUN/DECEMBER1978 “. . . Minorities are encouraged to participate in this system but are disadvantaged within it . . . ”

loans. Lee said he knew of a young man who, because of academic difficulties, was still a sophomore after four years of school with nothing to show for it other than an $8000 debt. WWU Minority Enrollment As the result of all these factors, fewer minorities are attending four- year schools, Lee said. They go to junior colleges because they receive more attention there. He said they are encouraged in this direction by high school counselors and friends. They are also being routed into the trade schools, he said. Those who do go to college are in what Lee calls a “ state of culture shock.” Because the environment is alien, they tend to insulate themselves into their particular culture and do not fully participate with the campus community. “ They are trying to blend in with the woodwork, ’ ’ he said. 356 Thus, the problem begins to take on a circular form. Corrections are made only when attention is drawn to an 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 injustice. The programs which were developed in the late sixties, such as the mistic that programs existing for narrow. What we have learned in this College of Ethnic Studies, were a direct minorities will continue.” He said it is decade, he said, is that minority and response to minority and student a matter of “priorities.” Specific majority concerns “ overlap.” He said protests. When the college was groups become the focus at different the major problems now are less related dissolved last year, there was no times. Programs for Blacks are dwind­ to race than to “ functioning,” i.e., resistance — Too few of those most ling, he said and added that now it aging, work, sexuality, etc. concerned were still around. seems to be the Chicanos who are “ Affirmative Action is only the Joyce Gomez said the students were receiving the most attention, along beginning of questions such as who responsible for the college’s demise with women. Another example, he works, what kind of work, etc.,” he because “ they didn’t stand up.” The said, is age. Between 1966 and 1970, said. strength of minority education depends the big concern was youth. Now it is on the strength of the minorities, she the elderly, he said. In terms of education, minorities are said, and added that they now suffer As new priorities emerge, the old discovering that the academic process is from a lack of leadership. ones are abandoned, he said, inspiring based on a “ Euro-American model” “ What has been made available for visions of former programs sitting like that, by its nature, must exclude them, minorities is the opportunity to work old shacks on some deserted plain. The he said. Instead of this avenue, within existing educational models,” only recourse is to be alert, know when minorities are turning back to them­ Tony Ruiz, assistant director of your time has come and use it wisely, selves to solve their own problems. continuing education, said. It is a subtle, he said. Ruiz said although this Where previously the issues were process of elimination. Minorities are approach tends to set one minority overall lack of identity and acceptance encouraged to participate in this system against another and is more or less in the larger culture, now they are but are disadvantage within it. Ruiz designed to perpetuate those in power, specific: treaty rights, natural resour­ said he believes “ the doors are he sees no alternatives outside the ces, fishing, etc. Ultimately, it is an somewhat closing — the entry into system. economic problem — “ the haves vs. education is becoming much more Although equally pessimistic about the have-nots. It’s a condition more stringent.” He said he thinks those minority programs as such, Jesse than anything else, ’ ’ he said. who have ‘ ‘already made it will stay in Hiraoka, former dean of the College of Hiraoka said that even to look at the system but there is little room for Ethnic Studies, said the failure of such problems nationally might be too newcomers.” programs simply indicated that our restrictive. In this age of international Ruiz said he is “ somewhat pessi­ interpretation of the problem was too interdependence, perhaps only a global

DECEMBER 1978/KLIPSUN 11 “. . . Minority programs are the first to disappear because they are considered‘superfluous’ ...”

approach is realistic. cautious in its experiments. One result A concensus among all of those Hyung-Chan Kim, a member of the is the movement “ back to basics” in questioned, however, was that the ethnic studies department, agrees with eduation. Of course, he said, minority issues have not gone away. this viewpoint. He said such programs programs are the first to disappear ‘ ‘Racism and sexism are here in this as the former College of Ethnic Studies because they are still considered super­ country and they are not going to are manifestations of the “ band-aid” fluous by the existing academic simply disappear,” Lee said. “ These approach. Now, awareness has shifted structure. things might not be talked about to recognizing a need for a ‘ ‘wider data “As long as the larger system anymore but they are not ‘fine’. ’ ’ base,” he said. continues to believe that what happens in minority cultures is not important to Lee also said students, contrary to “ What we are seeing now is more an understanding of America, nothing the popular image, are not ‘ ‘back in the systems analysis. Information is looked will change, ’ ’ Kim said. fifties. They are living in 1978 and they at more quantitatively. We can’t worry He added that he considers this an are hungry for information.” But he about the less significant details any era of “ personal isolationism.’’ said he thinks students have very little longer,” he said. Individuals seem to be unwilling or power right now. “They are Kim said the scarcity of financial unable to confront the larger problems eunuchs,” he said. resources is forcing society to be of society as a whole. Toga party, anyone? □

12 KLIPSUN/DECEMBER1978 War Stories Dixy vs. the Press by Dawn Battson

• • . Her town hall meetings allow her to escape from pia beat reporters who are familiar with the issues . .

The official transcript of Gov. Dixy weeks ago at the Fox Island Fair . . . In the beginning . . . Lee Ray’s press conference on Sep­ and I thought it only appropriate that In 1976, Dixy Lee Ray, candidate for tember 1,1978 reads: the one male pig . . . from Pierce Governor, was quoted in the Seattle Adele Ferguson (local syndicated County should be the one offered for Times as saying: “ I learned a long columnist): Governor, is it true that auction, so A1 Gibbs is heading for the time ago never to complain about what you have a pig on your Fox Island farm locker. (A1 Gibbs reports for the appears in print in a newspaper. You that had 11 little piglets and you named Tacoma News Tribune.^ can’t win (Times 3/14/77). them after the press corps here.^ The governor and the Olympia press Ray began lambasting the press for Gov: Yes, Ma’am (laughing)! corps can laugh now. But, it wasn’t too endorsing her Republican opponent, Ferguson: Is it also true that you long ago that a verbal/written battle John Spellman, right after the election. declined to name one Shelby because between the two powers seemed to be ‘ ‘Our success tonight is the failure of you said even a pig didn’t deserve that.? one of the top on-going news stories in the newspapers to elect the people they (Shelby Scates is a Seattle P-I reporter.) the state. wanted to elect . . . so they backed the Gov: (laughing) Your fact is correct. For over a year the Governor and the wrong horse. Do you think I’m going Your reason is wrong. I want you to press corps, representatives of major to forget that right away.?” Ray said know that any pig farmer comes to love media who regularly cover capitol (Times 3-14-77). pigs. You know, to have them is to love happenings, attacked and counter Had Ray forgotten all the campaign them. There’s only one that’s already attacked each other. The issues were coverage she received from the press? been marked for slaughter (laughter weapons and words were ammunition, She was presented as a non-political from corps). all in the name of honesty for the phenomenon . . . a fresh face. She had Gov: . . . he was auctioned off two citizens of Washington state. image. From topics as light as

DECEMBER 1978/KLIPSUN 13 4 KLIPSUN/DECEMBER1978 14

Photos by Kim Klein rbeswt o eotr. reporters.” you with problems criticism of President Jimmy Carter for Carter Jimmy President of criticism pretation when they reported her her reported they when pretation blasted She reporters. with problems h pes ih hre o misinter­ of charges with press the particular place. That’s one of the the of one any That’s or place. time particular particular any to down of One election. her after press the of Ray. of because Dr. transitional m atters. H er heated heated er H on pinned be to going ‘ atters. not work ‘I’m m response: to Evans transitional Dan Gov. with meet to planned gover­ she was when nor-elect the of asked questions first the press the of attention the get couldn’t as could topics she power, to nuclear pcx)dle, as complex her Jacques, quip and pun. Spellman complained he he complained Spellman pun. and quip 3-14-77) It didn’t take Ray long to find more more find to long Ray take didn’t It Ray continued to catch the attention attention the catch to continued Ray pigs. There’s only one that’s been marked for slaughter slaughter for marked been that’s one only There’s pigs. . 1 atyut nwta aypgfre cne o love to conies farmer pig any that know to you want .1 . . “ w ^)Times

citizens to cut back on energy use. energy back on cut to citizens contention Washington for need her no was there on that focused press the h nw rprs fe a es con­ news a after reports news with the displeased was She about conferences. local stories page 1977, firont 4, ran March papers On between. story, same the Within issue. servation eec we se a tkn the taken had she when news ference all off shut to threat Ray’s far and few were liked she people press expressed the tone and inflection in in inflection and tone the expressed of manner governor’s the and context over. and over studied were conference reports. The written word had not not had voice. Ray’s word the written in The included reports. not were speaking the However, right. were quotes The rnsadn” o te energy-con­ the on grandstanding” “ After this conference, the number of number the conference, this After Tape recordings of the second news news second the of recordings Tape the the ofrne drn hs 2 er in years 12 his during conferences fie H sae a redy adversary friendly a shared He office. that the press could not i^nderstand. not could press relations the press that to twist new a brought the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) Commission Energy Atomic the Science Pacific the At exchanges. delivering to accustomed and professor rn Rys akrud acrig to according background, Ray’s ering values journalistic questioned about themselves Reporters comprehend. to hard were press the to remarks biting her and conferences news of no threats press relations. The new administration new administration The relations. press Ray was in a more stately and scientific and stately more a Rayin was As happenings. nice to appointee Nixon’s nice — Richard President were about oriented relations stories publicity press mostly her director, verbal tough in getting not but lectures university popular a was Ray said. he government, state of business complex Richard W. Larsen, political writer for writer political Larsen, W. Richard consid­ tactics, relations press Ray’s Ray’s So press. the with relationship atmosphere than a give-and-take give-and-take a said. Larsen than atmosphere, atmosphere formerly was Ray where Center, big, the about underinformed standably and practices. and accustomed to former Gov. Dan Evans’Dan Gov. former to accustomed a hr is pes ertr. Joe secretary. press first her Duayne was aides. three as had she newsmen when former press the with Trecker, a former TV news reporter reporter news TV former a Trecker, troubles many so with administration assistants to the govemer. the to assistants of editor managing former Guzzo, Lou apl fre KR nwmn and newsman KIRO former Zaspel, the the n wy r h ohr ht e would we that other the or way one press the in out came what and cription conference. press of the cription trans­ verbatim a having of precaution have X number of press conferences, conferences, press of number X have said in never I have . . . was great very none or whatever. I want to remain remain to want I whatever. or none lxbe”flexible.” vn hl mr ta 100 press 1,000 than more held Evans There was nothing mysterious about mysterious nothing was There h Oypa rs cr were corp press Olympia The It is ironic that Ray began her her began Ray that ironic is It h dsaiy ewe ta trans­ that between disparity The “ etl Times. Seattle etl Post-Intelligencer Seattle From the press the From press perspective {Times ...” 3-4-77). a ws under­ was Ray

r key are “. . .1 learned a long time ago never to complain about what appears in print . . . you can’t win ...”

‘ ‘When Dr. Ray entered the political said. Her town hall meetings allow her that it wasn’t cronyism that influenced arena to run for governor, it was the to escape from Olympia beat reporters her granting Page an exclusive inter­ first time in her education-science- who are familiar with the issues, view. government career she had encoun­ Layton said. “ I didn’t go into the Olympia tered the pressure of give-and-take — Layton’s first impression of Ray was interview as an ‘adversary journalist,” and criticism, ’ ’ Larsen said. a bad one. Page said. ‘ ‘I wasn’t there to debate the While Larsen isn’t in the main “ I remember Ray saying at the governor or nail her hide to the wall in stream of belonging to the Olympia beginning of her administration that any issue. My job was to get policy press corp, Mike Layton, Seattle P-I she didn’t want anything to do with the statements from Dr. Ray on issues in reporter, is right in the midst of it. press,” he said. the marine and energy field that are Frequently under fire from the governor, Not all the press think of Ray important to you readers.” (P-I Layton insists that he doesn’t think derogatively however. 5- 12-77) he’s been vindictive. His major Don Page, Seattle P-/marine writer, Favoritism to those who share the complaints about the governor is that thinks of the governor as “warm, Governor’s point of view runs she uses simplistic statements and friendly, cooperative, honest and rampant, according to Shelby Scates, demagoguery. She mixes jokes and compassionate.” Page interviewed P-I political writer. humor with important statements, he Gov. Ray on marine matters and wrote “ The Governor’s handling of her staff compares with the unusual patterns of her relations with the press. There are almost no press conferences for wide open exchanges of questions and answers. Nor does she hold staff meetings. Instead, she meets staffers, like specified reporters, individually. If that pattern holds true, the staffers granted audiences with the governor are those most favorably disposed toward her points of view.” (P-I 6- 19-77) From the administration's perspective When Ray threatened to stop all news conferences, she still insisted on communicating to her constituents. Ray has used a town hall meeting approach and television announce­ ments to talk directly with the people of Washington. At one town hall meeting in Spokane, Ray said she had never seen “ any area of professional activity so obsessed with themselves” as the Olympia press corps. She contended they were “incensed” because she didn’t have a press secretary (at that time) to handle their ‘ ‘care and feeding.” (P-12-22-78) Ray suggested that changing the state capital press corps would be one method of improving reporting. “ Some members of the press corps have been here too long. They’ve seen it all. They’re too cynical. There is a problem of communication between the government and the public. Often

DECEMBER 1978/KLIPSUN 15 important things are not reported or interview, a reporter only has to who finally did find reason to “ move they are reported, commented on and request it, she said. There is no on down the road’ ’: dropped. Even now people who arrive administration strategy to intimidate “ At times Trecker had that awful are too easily infected with the virus of professional embarrassment of reporters. Smith said. She believes the explaining what he thought was a Ray cynicism. TTiey too easily believe that personality of the governor intimidates position on an issue, only to learn the people are crooks . . . Some capitol an inexperienced reporter, but that is position had inexplicably changed . . . reporting has been less complete and unfortunate and unavoidable. There was a memorable mix-up when less accurate reporting than I would “ I don’t believe any strong, the legislature obligingly passed a like to see. There have been plenty of ‘sunset bill’ which the governor said experienced reporter would feel she wanted. Only when it finally very good stories but others that were intimidated,’ ’ Smith said. reached her desk, she announced her grossly inaccurate . . . limited terms displeasure with it and vetoed it. When such as those proposed for elected The Job of Press Secretary everyone’s howling for an explanation officials might be appropriate for Richard Larsen hinted at the difficult of that strange happening, the only thing a press secretary can do is take a government reporter . . . I don’t think job of being a press secretary for Gov. swig of Pepto Bismol to wash down the a reporter can stand it for too many Ray in an article he wrote about F. aspirin.’’ (Times 6-19-77) year (P-/3/29/77). Duayne Trecker, the governor’s first When he quit, Trecker referred to Respect for the office of the governor press secretary, who quit to take his former position as being at “ the is a major concern of Dixy Lee Ray. She another job. exact top of the lightning rod” and at thought it was a lack of respect for the Only three months before he quit, “the point of the spear” in Ray’s post when a group of editors failed to Trecker had told members of the disputes with the press. Trecker said he stand as she entered the room where Washington State Chapter of the Public would have felt more at ease in the they were waiting to talk with her. Relations Society of America; more conventional areas of a press The governor’s sister Marian Reid “ I am a very lucky man. I work for a secretary — getting out press releases, said that Ray takes it as an affront to her boss who is an independent, intellec­ serving as a go-between for the office when the press calls her “ Dixy” tually honest person. Occasionally we are at odds, and then the press reports it governor and the members of the press P-/2/22/78). . . . I’m having fun. No sympathy is and setting up press conferences. He Janice Smith, press secretary, said needed. When I need sympathy I’ll just said he didn’t feel his personal talents the press has extremely good access to move on down the road. ’ ’ (P-I 3-18-77) were being fully used in the governor’s the governor. To get an exclusive Larsen sympathized with Trecker, office. “. . . The written word had not expressed the tone and inflection in Ray’s voice ...”

16 KLIPSUN/DECEMBER1978 “. . . Dixy Lee Ray is a fat, brilliant, abrasive woman who is usually covered in dog hairs ...”

No one held Trecker’s official post Press Corps . . . Love and Kisses, Press Relations Today for two months. Meanwhile, Trecker’s ‘Dixy’.” . statements, like this one from the In contrast, Layton tells the story of In her 15th month as Governor, it Tacoma News Tribune, were pub­ when he and Ray got into a shouting looked as though Ray and the Olympia lished: match outside the capitol in January. Press Corps made amends and began a “ She doesn’t need a press secretary Since Ray had left a dull meeting early, . . . all she needs is somebody to type up more conventional press-politician announcements on demand and arrange Layton slipped out to ask her a relationship that’s lasted. Town Hall meetings ... she needs a question. It was a routine question At the end of March, Bill Lee, community organizer.’’ (TNT 8-7-78) about when she would be making a Olympia Press Club president, invited Trecker had apparently hoped for a decision on some issue. She didn’t the governor to speak at a luncheon. It more open flow of information between answer. Layton pressed her to answer. was an off-the-record luncheon to talk the governor and the press. Though Finally she raised her voice as she about news conferences. Trecker thought it would be a good idea walked away saying something like ‘ T Mike Layton sighs with relief as he for Ray to hold news conferences, she can just see the headlines in tomorrow says, “ Somebody must have gotten refused. morning’s paper . . . governor can’t through to her. ’ ’ After Trecker quit it became more make up her mind. ’ ’ Layton said some important than ever that Ray have a exciting verbal exchange followed, but After the luncheon, Ray agreed to press secretary that she could trust and he didn’t want to elaborate. have two press conferences each month. whom the press could depend . . . Critics of the War having both the ear of the governor and Friends, enemies, legislators and But how much longer will it last.? the respect of the press corps. others in the political arena have Press corps members and Ray’s press secretary are confident. They both The P-1 and Dixy criticized Ray and the press for their “ war.” attribute the long drawn-out “ blown- Visitors at the governor’s mansion, Donald Matthews, chairman of the up” media war to outsiders. who are taken on a grand tour, are political science department at the One thing is for sure. It was a long, often led to a parakeet cage as one of the University of Washington said: hard 15 months to battle. Governor tour stops. Here, Ray points to the ‘ T feel that a public official can’t win Ray learned a lot about the press and bottom of the cage and gleefully in an argument with the news media about her responsibilities. Smith says pronounces . . . “That’s the P-l . . . the best thing to do is not get into a fight with the media. It’s a losing Ray is more confident . . . and that {B.C Today 9/15m ). strategy for Ray. ’ ’ (P-12-22-78) helps her deal with the press. Visitors at Mike Layton’s office in the Insurance Building find a “Don’t Georgette Valle, a former Democrat The media learned that it isn’t easy blame me, I voted OWL” bumper congressional contender from Seattle, to quote laughs, winks, gaffaws . . . sticker on his door. It’s next to a said government officials have no the sarcasm of Dixy Lee Ray . . . touched-up photograph showing Gov. business criticizing news judgments: without hearing complaints. Ray ‘ ‘flipping the bird’ ’ to a crowd ... “ I get the impression that Governor some one forged it “ To Mike Layton, Ray was saying she was dissatisfied with It took 15 months to improve press Love, Dixy.” what the press chose to print, not with relations in her own backyard. Layton is perhaps Ray’s least favorite the accuracy of their reporting . . . We Maybe Ray’s next press relations of the press corps members . . . Ray is have seen on a national level what can battle will be fought in Australia where happen when government officials Layton’s least favorite governor. become distrustful of the media.’’ (P-I this article appeared. But occasionally, brief periods of 2-22-78) “ Dixy Lee Ray is a fat, brilliant, peace are felt on both sides. For Sen. August Mardesich, an Everett abrasive woman who is usually covered instance, last September Ray sent a gift in dog hairs, and prefers to live in a Democrat, looks at the press-politician mobile home .., As subtle as a sledge to the press corps office. Layton wrote relationship as just part of their life. He the story: hammer and about as attractive as a has been through more than one war wart hog. Dixy Lee Ray, since last “ Gov. Dixy Lee Ray yesterday with the press: January has been Governor of the state offered an olive branch — actually a of Washington, one of the most “ She’s not used to the kind of strawberry cheese cake — to the beautiful, unspoiled pieces of terrain whipping around you get on occasion Olympia press corps. (Editor’s note: for America has left . . . she has reduced . . . She has a tendency to withdraw. I some reason, the other reporters the conservation movement to fear and think any normal person would. You insisted the P-I’s Mike Layton take the trembling . . . the State Parliament get spanked and you go to your room — first bite.) . . . It was eaten cautiously fumes that Dixy Lee Ray has no whether you’re told to or not ... I’ve by reporters and some of their friends, grasp of basic lawmaking procedures advised her to sit down and hash it out a all of whom pronounced it very good. ’ ’ and seems unwilling to learn. ’ ’ (P-19-15-77) little bit with the press. She’s willing to try, but she also says to me, ‘How do I Now that’s something to feel defen­ The cake was inscribed “ Olympia doit?’ ’’ (P-I2-22-78) sive about. □

DECEMBER 1978/KLIPSUN 17 Using Those Old Cosmic Rays by Laura Merkel Photos by Rick Eskil

. Solar energy has grown from a backyard project of environmentalists to a multi-million dollar industry ...”

The idea of solar energy has been Washington state for one year would the air inside, causing it to move around for quite some time, as the pet eliminate the need for one nuclear upward. Vents at the top of the project of environmentalists, the toy of power plant. greenhouse could be opened to allow physicists and the ideal solution to “ Solar energy is important, and it’s the hot air to move into the structure. heating bills. It wasn’t until the advent a reality if we want to lessen our The heated air could also be stored in a of the energy crisis, though, that dependence on fossil fuels and nuclear bed of rocks underneath the structure. anyone took any real notice of it. energy, ’ ’ he said. At night the vents of the greenhouse Richard Lindsay teaches a class in There are basically two types of solar would be closed, and the warmed rocks solar energy through the physics energy systems for heating a home, would re-radiate heat into the house. ’ ’ department at Western, and has been Lindsay said: active and passive. Active The house could also be cooled this teaching it for the past three years. systems use energy and devices such as way by opening the vents at night to “ Power use in this country doubles solar collectors and a pump to capture allow cool air to circulate. every 10 years,” he said. “ You can’t and circulate the heat of the sun. An active system would work much blame industry for promoting products Active systems cost more, but heat along the same lines, with perhaps a that use large amounts of energy, and better overall. Passive systems rely on pump to move the air around more, you can’t blame the public for buying natural movement of the air to circulate solar collectors on the roof to collect those products. Everyone wants a the heat and have no special devices to more sunlight, and a storage tank to higher standard of living, and no one capture heat other than glass windows. hold the heat, he said. wants to cut back or do without. ’ ’ “ An example of a passive system The Seattle area has the lowest daily Lindsay said that it has been would be a greenhouse attached to a solar radiation in the US, according to estimated that the use of solar energy to regular structure, ’ ’ Lindsay said. ‘ ‘Sun the National Weather Bureau. Yet heat water for the inhabitants of flowing into the greenhouse would heat enthusiasts are building homes fully

18 KLIPSUN/DECEMBER1978 . The average person can design a solar home on the back of an envelope ...”

heated by solar energy in this area, solar water heaters and solar green­ houses. Lindsay said solar heating in the northwest is very possible because of the small difference in temperatures year round. With few temperature extremes, what little solar radiation tne area gets can be stored, instead of being used immediately. John Sisko, a Western student, spent the past year with architect George Reynoldson of Bellevue putting together a book of 30 floorplans for solar homes. The book, titled Let's Reach for the Sun, includes designs from townhouses to beach cottages, some using passive systems and others using active systems. It contains the floor plans for a solar home built on Lopez Island. “ The beauty of solar energy is its simplicity,” Sisko said. “ The average person can design a solar home on the back of an envelope. It’s just as easy to build one, too. Because of that aspect, it requires a lot of low-technology maintenance. A plumber or carpenter which is then pumped down to a In Washington there are 12-15 solar could maintain the house’s energy storage tank in the basement. The cost houses, including a solar bank in Port system, instead of having a nuclear of operating the pump is about 50 cents Angeles, and one in Spokane, with the physicist at a nuclear power plant in electrical bills a month. number doubling every year. splitting atoms. It would make this Lindsay sees the economic advan­ Solar energy has a long historical society a lot less specialized and tech­ tages as one of the best things about past. The Indians of Central America nological.” solar energy. and Mexico used adobe bricks to build “ Solar energy makes people more “ Solar energy can save you their huts; the bricks captured the independent,” Sisko said. “ They thousands of dollars over the years, and sun’s heat during the day while keeping control their source of energy, and it pays for itself, which oil, gas and the inside of the hut cool, and they’re not dependent on one big dam electricity can’t do. The long-range re-radiated the heat out into the hut at or power plant. They could care less if investment of a solar system leaves night. the lights went out at Puget Power. some question marks, but people are Interest in solar energy has Lindsay has applied solar energy to very responsive. They see that their blossomed in the past five years, his own home, with two solar collectors investment will be returned to them in Lindsay said. It has grown from a on his roof to heat water. On a clear a matter of years. backyard project of environmentalists day, the collectors heat 100-150 gallons It can cost you $20 a square foot to to a multi-million dollar industry, and of water, he said. He built his collectors buy solar collectors for your home, ’ ’ he the federal government is even getting five years ago. The collectors have paid said. ‘ ‘If you make them yourself, the in on it. In California, hon^^wners themselves in electric bill savings. The cost is about $2-3 a square foot. ’ ’ who install solar energy systems receive collectors are in use all year, except for There are more than 200 manu­ a rebate from the federal government the months of November, I>ecember facturers of solar collectors of some sort and from the state as well. If you and January, when he takes them down throughout the country, including consider that the cost of a complete, for cleaning. some big names like Reynolds active solar system costs $15,000 and Lindsay’s system pumps water from Aluminum, General Electric, and the government pays $10,000 in the basement to pipes on the roof inside “ Sears soon, I think,” Lindsay said. rebates, the cost of a solar energy solar collectors on the roofs to heat Even the power companies are getting system can be deferred as much as blackened pipes and heats the water. in on it. 60-70 percent. □

DECEMBER 1978/KLIPSUN 19 0 KLIPSUN/DECEMBER1978 20

Photos by Bill Bailey drain drain Ti poet s wy f orn mny on the down money pouring of way a is project This . ...” h Lmi Way Lummi The Aquaculture by Bill Bailey Bill by

. The success of such projects cannot be measured in economic profits ...”

Ten years have passed since the Lummi Indians began their aquaculture project and differing opinions among the people who are affected by the project still exist. Some people still question the effectiveness of such projects, and some wonder whether the money is being well-spent. Warren Hanson, a local fisherman who has been active in the fight against the Boldt decision, argues that the money spent far exceeds any benefit the project could have. “ This project is a way of pouring money down the drain,” Hanson said. “ I don’t agree with enhancement programs. I’m not against the project because it is an Indian project ...” He said he just doesn’t like the idea of his job being subsidized by someone else. Hanson said the money the fishermen pay in taxes already goes to enhancement programs. So, instead of paying into other enhancement programs, the fishermen “should develop their own enhancement program.” Since his job is in peril he said he feels the fishermen should pay for their own enhancement program. He also disagrees with projects like this because they never make a profit. “ The success of such projects cannot be measured in economic profits,” Bemie Thomas, Lummi Indian Tribal Enterprises (LITE) representative said. LITE has reported $14.5 million being spent on the project. Thomas said he sees the In 1%7 the Lummis proposed to the their bodies acclimatize to the salt project as being successful in terms of OEO a plan for an aquaculture project. water. Then the fish can continue their human values. Thomas said there are After feasibility studies were done and journey to the oceans. more people finishing high school and approved, construction of the sea pond The second way of releasing the fish going on to higher education than did on Bellingham Bay began. On June 4, is by putting the fish into containers, before the aquaculture project existed. 1970 the sea pond was completed. The loading the containers on a truck, and He added, “ There are Indians who next year construction began on the then taking the fish to the sea pond. At have jobs that are directly related to the fish hatchery facility on Skookcum the sea pond the fish are released into project and people who helped build the Creek and the oyster hatchery next to the holding pens to allow them to project who have jobs or private the sea pens. acclimatize to the saltwater. Then they businesses.” The fish hatchery raises the salmon are released through the tide gates and to a size that will dlow the fish to be join the river run salmon on their ocean In 1964 President Lynden Johnson released. The release is done two ways. journey. signed the Economic Opportunity Act The first is by releasing the fish directly The second way of releasing the fish as part of his design for the Great into Skookcum Creek. From the creek appears to be the most efficient method. Society. Programs such as the Office of the salmon travel downstream to the By releasing the fish from the sea pens Economic Opportunity were created to Nooksack River and eventually into the fish don’t mix with river run eliminate the chronic problems of Bellingham Bay. When the fish reach salmon. By not mixing with river run poverty. Bellingham Bay they must wait until salmon the sea-pen fish allow more

DECEMBER 1978/KLIPSUN 21 river run fish to go upstream. Also, fish that survive and return to spawning Department of Fisheries, said. after the fish have spawned and the eggs groinds or are caught by fishermen. According to Seymour the Lummis become small fiy there is not that According to Seymour, at the Lummi release around 15 fish per pond. additional competition between project 20 percent of a test group of Few projects around the world hatchery released fish and the natural Coho salmon survived. Of that 20 achieve such high survival rates and spawning fish. percent, 11 percent were caught in even fewer that are profit makers. A second reason for the release into Washington waters. According to Seymour explained that such sea the bay being more efficient is that the Washington State Fisheries, the normal ranching ventures are not economically fish acclimatize in a sea pen free of survival rate for river release salmon is feasible. Industrial nations pour too natural predators. Since there are no between 5-10 percent when they release much energy into the system and get predators attacking the small salmon, 20 salmon per pound. Washington only a small amount back. Vast there is less death. State fisheries operate with river amounts of equipment, construction, release systems. labor and food are designed for a fish Steve Seymour, fisheries biologist for “ Those figures of 20 percent sur­ that will yield only a small amount of the aquaculture project, said, “ The vival are rather high. They might be money and an even smaller amount of reason for such a high survival rate releasing only a few fish per pound and energy. Seymour said the reason such might be due to the fact that we release getting a higher survival rate, but on projects continue is due to the market­ directly into the bay and by-pass the the whole we only get around 10 ability of such fish as salmon. natural predation that takes place in percent statewide,” Duane Finney The salmon that the Lummi project estuaries. ’ ’ Assistant Division Chief of Puget raised one year were fed 263,000 The survival rate is the amount of Sound Management, Washington State pounds of fish meal. Recent Lummi figures showed only 138,460 pounds of fish harvested. When cost of the fish meal was measured against the price of salmon, the total showed $76,720 in profits, but research and development and bills that had to be paid made the project run at a loss. After that money is gone, any additional money comes from the government. The federal government supports the program. The OEO was the original sponsor for the project, but since 1964 the names have been changed and so has the direction. Now the OEO is the Community Services Administration and the division that deals with the aquaculture project is the Office of Economic Development. The change in direction is seen in that now there must be a profit shown with any project subsidized by the CSA. So the aqua­ culture project was given notice by the government. “ Americans are too used to looking at things &*om a short term angle,” Thomas said. “ The quest for winter wheat took 25 years and millions of dollars, but finally a strain was found that was of use. That is how this project should be looked at, a long term project. Until 1985 the fisheries portion will be a research and development project and in 1981 the oyster hatchery should be paying itself off. ’ ’ □ “. . . Even though profits are not being realized . . . Indians now realize they can exist in modem society ...”

22 KLIPSUN/DECEMBER1978 The Men from UNCLE and the Elusive Neutrino by Beth Jacobson and Arnie Klimke

r ^ V

. . .By 1995, we will be able to transmit the equivalent of 50 TV channels on one neutrino beam ...”

' 'Both physics and philosophy had In 1975, 23 scientists from various record. Their presence was first their beginnings in those dim ages in fields gathered at Western to discuss a predicted in 1930, and successfully which man was first differentiating dream which would open a new recorded in 1956. himself from his brute ancestry, window on the universe. Today seven Aside from using neutrinos for acquiring new emotional and mental Western faculty are turning that dream communication with nuclear characteristics which were henceforth into reality, penetrating what once submarines and aiding in earthquake to be his distinguishing marks. Fore­ were barriers in the world of high- analysis, anything now transmitted by most among these were an intellectual energy physics. radio waves might someday be curiosity out of which philosophy has Their experiments deal with transmitted on neutrino beams, Peter grown, and practical curiosity which detecting high-energy neutrinos, a Kotzer, of the Bureau of Faculty was ultim ately to develop into by-product of nuclear fusion. Because Research, said. science. neutrinos are particles without mass or The neutrino might lock up as much electrical charge, they pass freely as 50 percent of the universe’s energy, — Sir James Jeans through matter and are difficult to and if harnessed, will revolutionize the

DECEMBER 1978/KLIPSUN 23 . . Anything now transmitted by radio waves might someday be transmitted on neutrino beams ...”

world of communications, astronomy else was doing any kind of underwater first toying around with it, was some and geophysics, he said. physics in the world because the kind of little fantasy, ’ ’ he said. ‘ ‘But by Kotzer, along with James Albers, general consensus was you scaling up machines now on the vice provost for instruction and couldn’t learn any physics that way so drawing board, we can say by about research, head the UNderseas Cosmic why waste your time, ’ ’ Kotzer said. 1995, we will be able to transmit the Lepton Experiments, known as A major turning point took place in equivalent of 50 TV channels on one UNCLE. April, 1977 when Kotzer, who shares neutrino beam. UNCLE took root in 1975 at a an office at the University of Washing­ “ Currently, all we want to do is send physics seminar dealing specifically ton, was contacted by the Office of out a message, saying for example, with underwater laboratories. Scientists Naval Research - Physics Division. ‘Here I am, send more money, quick.’ gathered here hoping to find a way to Kotzer, who said he never turns down Well, not really that,” he said. “ But a solve the “ neutrino mystery,” Kotzer money, was offered a grant of $117,000. practical message. It would be done in said. While Kotzer primarily is interested in Morse code . . . dots and dashes.” He was referring to missing the science, the Navy’s main interest Neutrino beams will be used to neutrinos from the sun. in the project was the possible gather data to help understand the Scientists feel they know how many emergence of a communications system movements of the earth’s crust, Kotzer neutrinos the sun emits but only capable of reaching a nuclear sub­ said. one-third to one-half this number reach marine anywhere, Kotzer said. If man-made neutrino sources and the Earth, Kotzer said. The neutrinos “We id not know if neutrino detectors were located at specific points could be changing form. communication would be practical or on earth, the measured time lapse K an artificial neutrino source were feasible. Today, almost two years later, between emission and detection of the created, scientists would know exactly people all over the world are arguing neutrino would allow scientists to how many were being sent. K this numbers — not whether it can be done detect a shift of even a fraction of a number differed drastically from the — but how much information can centimeter of the earth’s surface, he number received, it would be evidence be transmitted. It is all beginning to said. the neutrino actually is “changing take an aura of reality which I never The information provided would be sexes,” he said. anticipated it would. useful to geologists, helping confirm At the time of the seminar, ‘ ‘no one “ The commimications idea, when present theories about the earth’s

24 KLIPSUN/DECEMBER1978 . . So many people question the ability to do all these things. Some of it’s envy, some of it’s greed ...”

crust, Andre Lehre, of the geology Three photo-multipliers are encased the detector must differentiate between department, said. in an aluminum cylinder 14 by 16 random background radiation and the inches. After being sealed with optical flashes of light associated with the Such measurements are extremely coupling and two inches of plexiglass, neutrino interactions. This is difficult and in some places impossible the detectors will be placed on the accomplished by electronically with equipment and systems employed today, Kotzer said. ocean bottom at depths of 1,000 - 2,000 requiring the three photo-multiplier feet. tubes ‘ ‘see” the flash at the same time. “ Neutrinos will expand the con­ When a neutrino interacts with a Although the men who comprise ceptual framework of nature, to help us particle, in this case a particle in sea UNCLE firmly believe in their work, have a more complete formulation of water, the neutrino decays, emitting a the amount of mail they receive is a what we are and the universe we are particle which gives off a blue sign that not all scientists agree. in,” he said. Cherenkov light, as seen when nuclear “ There are so many skeptics,” Typically, a neutrino detection lab, materials are stored in water. This light Kondratick said. ‘ ‘So many people who like one existing in the Soviet Union, is “ seen” by the photo-multipliers and question the ability to do all these costs about $10 million to build, and turned into electronic impulses, which things. Some of it’s envy, some of it’s has the same weight and volume as a can be counted by accompanying greed, some of it’s stupidity. All you building the size of Bond Hall. UNCLE electronics, Kotzer said. have to do is be able to take a lot of has managed to avoid much of these Because small amounts of natural static, and believe me, you get a lot of costs while building a detector with a radio activity are found in all matter. it.” surface area 100 times a big as those used now. “ We just use ocean water, which is free, for a target,” Kotzer said. “ We take the basic elements of a detector, which are relatively inexpensive, and take them out into the ocean and set up our laboratory that way. ’ ’ When comparing building costs, u n c l e ’s project is about 15 million times cheaper than conventional neutrino labs. “This is one reason why this experiment is so beautiful,” Kotzer said. A few months ago, UNCLE retreived cosmic ray detectors which had been placed in the Bahamas more than a year ago. Because the detectors showed signs of neutrinos, the project is K expanding. In late November, Kotzer and Kondratic traveled to the Fermilab in Illinois to continue the experiments. An artificial neutrino beam will be fired from the Fermilab and received by detectors placed in Puget Sound. While .Vi less than one centimeter wide at the source, the beam will be about six kilometers wide when it reaches Puget I Sound. For every 1,000 neutrinos projected through a square centimeter per second A neutrino (Vj^i) enters from the left and decays into a the men from UNCLE predict to detect muon ( ^ ) emitting a cone of Charenkov Light. If the path of only one. Kotzer labeled the equipment the muon is within 10 meters of the detectors, it will be they will use as ‘ ‘fairly primitive. ’ ’ seen.

DECEMBER 1978/KLIPSUN 25 0 ‘ ■ *

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Sim. ; 4 ■ «'

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(►'IS* =*«» V v x J: *.-‘ ? r ■ '• Y f , m . " i i l A '* Y :i-:;;::;i;i:i:i:i:i|!|:?sisBiiyi V * ' tf % iH IIB IB * m. . . ^ * Fighting For a Renaissance For Fairhaven More is at Stake than Reputation by Rudy Yuly

“. . . Fairhaven has never had any course outlines, no core curriculum . . . no spelled out intentions ...”

FAIRHA VEN COLLEGE: ‘ ‘Small is academic program creates a lot of typewriter, fighting off imaginary beautiful. '' Interdisciplinary BA, a needless and wasteful foundering.” dragons.” personal and humane liberal arts Furthermore, there are those at Fair­ “ The whole thing was brought to a program for talented students. Faculty haven who “ espouse anti-intellectual head,” University President Paul includes Annie Dillard, author and viewpoints which are counter to the Olscamp said, “when Fairhaven’s naturalist. —From Harper ’ s Magazine educational goals of the university.” faculty took a vote of “ no-confidence’ The minority report concludes by in former Dean Joe Bettis early last In the past Fairhaven has been to recommending that “ Fairhaven year. We planned to evaluate Fairhaven Western as the right half of the human College should be closed by June 30, College in a year anyway — the brain is to the left half of the human 1979.” no-confidence vote just moved things brain. The left brain, which controls the Fairhaven’s complete lack of a up.” right side of the body, acts in a prescribed course of study was not Perhaps the most surprising thing calculating, mathematical, language- deemed critical by Western’s adminis­ about Fairhaven’s 1977 vote to oust and fact-oriented fashion. The right tration until it became aggravated by a Dean Bettis is that two years earlier brain, which crosses over to control our rapidly falling enrollment (from 444 they had recommended to Talbot — left side, is picture-oriented, emotional, students in the fall of 1972 to 267 in the the second highest administrator at and in part responsible for creativity. fall of 1977), extremely high support Western — that Bettis be given a Western has always been a school of costs ($53.29 above tuition per year per two-year contract extension. facts and hard knowledge: what student at Fairhaven, $23.90 per year “I thought it was rather odd,” Fairhaven is has been harder to say, per student at Western), and a growing Talbot said. “ All deans are contracted because Fairhaven has never had any disillusionment with Fairhaven on the for one year only. And I hadn’t even course outlines, no core-curriculum, part of many people in the Western asked them for a recommendation, they nothing at all in the way of spelled out community. just up 3ndgave me one. In 1976, they intentions. And now, there is a good Fairhaven was, in the words of sent me another recommendation — possibility that Fairhaven will be Western’s Academic Vice President completely on their own, mind you. closed. James Talbot, ‘ ‘operating under a siege This time, they asked for a four-year June R.P. Ross, a Western biology mentality. I hate to use technical terms extension of Bettis’s contract! professor, in the Minority Report to the when I can’t back them up, but it was “Then, when they voted no- Fairhaven Evaluation Committee, almost as if they were paranoid. confidence,” Talbot said, “ they came pointed out that “ for many students Fairhaven used to be the place where to me — the faculty, staff, and a few ... the lack of almost any structured people spent all their time at the students as well — and they said, ‘we

DECEMBER 1978/KLIPSUN 27 (( . Fairhaven has until 1981 to bring its student-to-facuity ula to within 10 percent of Western’s . .

want another dean,’ and I said ‘well whoops, what’re you telling me this for? Last year you said you wanted four more years of Bettis, and now you turn around and tell me this?” According to Michael Burnett, a Fairhaven faculty member, when the two-year extension was recommended by the Fairhaven Tenure and Pro­ motion Committee “ quite a number of people who were very uncomfortable with Joe’s presence as Dean — who felt that he was making decisions without consulting those most affected, that he was somewhat secretive and so on — objected, and challenged the decision. ’ ’ They did so by means of a “ refer­ endum” process within Fairhaven. “There were lots of community meetings and position papers and all that kind of thing, ’ ’ Burnett said, ‘ ‘and by the time it finally came to a vote, things had been manuevered to the point where it was a question of four years or not — either fire the man, or give him four years presence. ’ ’ “ The vote was close, but the majority felt that he should be given a chance. It was a very emotion-packed kind of thing, ’ ’ Burnett said. After the vote was taken, Bettis ‘ ‘informally” told a group of Fairhaven faculty members ‘ ‘that he would resign if he could not get back the confidence of the faculty within a year,” Burnett said. Unfortunately, the problems with Bettis’s “ authoritarian, strictly administrative, (as opposed to by January of 1978, the Committee had (Princeton, Columbia and Sorbonne “ educational” ), and secretive” completed a report over 70 pages long, University of Paris are a few notable deanship continued to grow. An covering everything from enrollment examples). Also, the job records of emergency meeting was called in the data to student interviews, from Fairhaven graduates were surprising: fall of 1977 and the Fairhaven faculty questionnaires sent to high school and ranging from mayor of Pelican, Alaska, decided, unanimously, that they did community college counselors to to firefighter in Oregon, to community not have confidence in Bettis. That was graduate school acceptance rates for planner in Tuscaloosa, to Washington when they went to Talbot. Fairhaven graduates. state assistant attorney general to Rather than giving Fairhaven medical intern in Kansas, to freelance another dean, Talbot decided, after two It was, in the words of minority writer. It pointed out that Fairhaven weeks’ thought, to “ get to the bottom report chairwoman Ross, a “ cumber­ faculty members and students have of the matter.” some and complex” document. published their work in magazines Cumbersome, perhaps, but the report An eight-member committee was including Time, the Atlantic Monthly answered many important questions formed, and was told to recommend, and the Christian Science Moniter. It about Fairhaven. among other things, “ whether or not also found that “ Fairhaven does not Fairhaven College should continue to Positively, it found that Fairhaven have a negative image with most high operate.” graduates have an excellent record of school and community college That was in September of 1977, and acceptance into graduate schools counselors. ’ ’

28 KLIPSUN/DECEMBER 1978 On the other hand, it reported what “explicit (written) goals.” Also, students Olscamp has a slightly different should take “ at least 50 credits,” separate many people had expected: in the words from Fairhaven — generally speaking at view: “ I don’t want to have quarrels of Fairhaven’s new Dean, Phil Ager, Western. about a word — that’s not important. ‘ ‘some of the classes being offered were (3) Significantly, ‘ ‘the separation of Fairhaven What is important is that Fairhaven College and the rest of WWU sould be reduced bullshit.” Fairhaven classes included by encouraging the movement of students and College will be closed unless it meets all “ Holistic Healing” (6 credits), “ Bio­ faculty between units,” and Fairhaven must the conditions on the report. I call that dynamic Gardening” (3-5 credits) and “ reduce administrative costs by at least 40%. being on probation.” And, in the “ Massage Instruction” (2 credits). The above are not the only recom­ words of Vice President Talbot, “ the Talbot commented that “ some of the mendations made by the committee — President is the one who makes final courses were just so flaky it was altogether, 22 recommendations, plus decisions on anything. ’ ’ unbelievable — very few — but they an additional 24 from the minority, Probation or non-probation — no happened often enough to meet with were made — but they are probably the matter what it is called, the fact widespread derision around campus.” most important. remains that Fairhaven has certain Also, most importantly, enrollment The committee submitted the report goals to meet if it is to remain open. was found to have dropped by over 50 to Talbot, who in turn submitted it to The “ target dates” for most of the percent in a five-year period, while the Olscamp; with one small, but signifi^ recommendations fall during this year, number of faculty and staff members cant, change: the word “ probation” and Talbot stated that ‘ ‘if you’ll look at stayed about the same. “ From the was carefully omitted. Talbot the records, you’ll see that they’ve standpoint of economics, that is commented, “ we can’t very well done, or are in the process of doing, simply unacceptable,” Olscamp said. expect Fairhaven to get its enrollment just about everything that was required “It is neither a wise nor a prudent back up if it’s on probation — that of them.” expenditure of the taxpayer’s dollar. ’ ’ sc^.tesaway students.” Specifically, Fairhaven has instituted Talbot had given the evaluation However, the probation question is a core curriculum of 45 credits for all committee the charge to act, and act not entirely closed. Fairhaven’s dean enrolling freshmen. The curriculum, they did. Their recommendations Phil Ager, agrees with Talbot; which is quite different from Western’s included the following items: “ Fairhaven is not on probation;” and general university requirements, is he agrees for precisely the same reason: broken into three basic sections: (1) Fairhaven should be put on probation in Ager’s words, “ no one wants to go “ Ideas and History, Mathematics and “ through spring 1981,” but “ with sub­ stantial . . . reorganization,” “ phase out” to a school that’s going to be closed Science, and the A rts.” Most of the procedures should be started by the vice down. ’ ’ Ager also advises that it is not courses are worth 10 credits and last for president at anytime, should Fairhaven fail to a good idea to “ say that word two quarters. Ager points out that the meet the committee’s requirements. (2) Fairhaven should “ design a core curric­ ‘probation’ around Fairhaven much. core curriculum is similar to Harvard ulum of 45 credits,” one, conspicuously, with It’s a pretty touchy subject here. ’ ’ University’s, but adds, “ we came out

“. . .N o one wants to go to a school that’s going to be closed down ...”

DECEMBER 1978/KLIPSUN 29 “. . .If they don’t II eet the stipulations, they will have to be closed down . .

with ours first. I’m not saying that winter quarter, to 236 during spring Although both Talbot and Olscamp we’re a Harvard, by any means, but the quarter. Enrollment this fall quarter speak positively about the action curriculum comparisons are sur­ stands at 210. ‘‘There is a real Fairhaven has already taken, both are prising.” Fairhaven has also made a possibility that students are simply no unsure whether it will be possible to move to meet the committee’s require­ longer as interested in an alternative raise enrollment so drastically in such a ment that they encourage ‘ ‘the move^ type of education as they once were,” short period of time — especially with ment of ... faculty” between Western Talbot said. the possibility of closure to scare away and Fairhaven. However, only one Fairhaven has attempted to actively prospective students. Olscamp such faculty trade^off (between recruit students by advertising. During comments that although “ Dean Western’s English department and the months of July, August, and Ager’s working very hard and doing a Fairhaven) has taken place so far. September of 1978, Fairhaven College good job,” he can at best only hope Although Fairhaven has done, in placed small ‘‘classified” type adver­ “ that they’ll be able to do what they Talbot’s words, ‘‘just about every^ tisements (much like the one from set out to do.” Talbot feels that “ the thing,” there is still one notable Harper's which precedes this story) in will is certainly there — if they don 7 exception: enrollment. Fairhaven has publications such as The Seattle Sun, meet the goals, it certainly won’t be until 1981 to bring its student^to^ Friend's Journal, Backpacker their fault. ’ ’ faculty formula to within 10 percent of Magazine, Mother Jones, The Ager concluded, “ I don’t know if Western’s. In order to accomplish this, Progressive, and others. The money for Fairhaven can survive. I really don’t Fairhaven needs to at least double its these advertisements was taken from a know. But I sure hope so. ” Talbot said student body within the next three ‘‘Fairhaven College Fund” at the that he doesn’t like “ gazing into years, or cut its staff by 50 percent. Western Foundation. All the money in crystal balls,” but admits that he is According to Phyllis Guy, Fair^ the fund was donated by Fairhaven “ strangely confident” that Fairhaven haven’s registrar, no faculty cuts have faculty and staff persons — notably will pull through. Still, comments yet been made; and enrollment Ager and Robert Keller, a faculty Olscamp, “ like I said, if they don’t continues to fall. During the 1977-78 member at Fairhaven. ‘‘We had,” meet the stipulations, they will be school year, enrollment went from 267 Ager said, “ a very limited amount to closed down. And I’d hate to have to during fall quarter, to 250 during work with. ’ ’ close them down. ’ ’ □

30 KLIPSUN/DECEMBER1978 OPINION A Purrrfect Solution I love cats ... broiled. does anyone really consider a cat to be “ man’s best Actually, I hate cats. The thought of getting cat friend?’’ hair stuck between my teeth is a catastrophy I would Some people say they just get a kick out of cats. I like to avoid. would rather get a cat to kick. I’m sure I will receive catcalls for my catchy This might sound cruel, but there is a certain opening remarks, but these remarks will serve as a catapult for further discussion. The reason I hate cats isn’t because our house feline was directly responsible for this summer’s flea-festation. It isn’t because our cat leisurely chooses to walk across my turntable while a record is playing and it isn’t because the smelly dish of Purina

Cat Chow stays uneaten for days because the finicky cat doesn’t want to touch tuna flavor after we’ve bought 10 cans of the stuff. These things have only intensified my hatred. I hate cats purely for political reasons. I have always believed in the free-enterprise system, pulling oneself up by the bootstraps and doing things the American way. Cats are distinctly un-American. When was the last time you saw a cat do a lick of work? When was beauty in watching a cat sail gracefully through the the last time you saw a cat bring in a newspaper? air. Aviation, as we know it today, might have been When was the last time a cat ever did anything you completely different if the Wright brothers had told it? owned a cat. Cats don’t even catch mice any more. These However, the one or two redeeming values cats socialist animals don’t do a dam thing all day but might have will never outweigh their many sleep and complain when they’re not fed promptly. disadvantages. Cat lovers claim their precious pussy cats are Fortunately a solution to the cat problem exists. smart because they avoid work and responsibility. I As cartoonist Jeff MacNelly wrote in his comic strip say cats are nothing more than worthless moochers of “ Shoe’’: the welfare state. Cats don’t contribute a thing to ‘ ‘It’s time we had a responsible cat policy in this society. Even catgut isn’t made from cats any more. country ... and the only way we can do it is to kick Why we have chosen to domesticate these useless cat-lovers where it hurts the most: In their cats. ’ ’ mammals is beyond me. It seems the reason for — Bruce Stinshoff domesticating any animal is to get some use out of it. For example, dogs have been trained to hunt certain Typesetter’s Note: I would like all readers to know game, sniff out escaped criminals, detect drugs at that this editorial was typeset under great protest airports and border crossings, rescue lost mountain and that it is only my appreciation of freedom of climbers, protect people and property, lead the speech and the press that I forced myself to endure blind, pull sleds and many other things. When was this article. As for Mr. Stinshoff— If there is such a the last time you saw a cat lead the blind? thing as reincarnation, I hope he returns as a cat. I I don’t want this to sound like a pro-dog editorial, am sure he would change his mind about kicking since I’m not too crazy about canines either, but cats. — S.K. Smith

DECEMBER 1978/KLIPSUN 31