ORE Open Research Exeter TITLE Rare earth mobility as a result of multiple phases of fluid activity in fenite around the Chilwa Island Carbonatite, Malawi AUTHORS Dowman, E; Wall, F; Treloar, PJ; et al. JOURNAL Mineralogical Magazine DEPOSITED IN ORE 13 February 2017 This version available at http://hdl.handle.net/10871/25754 COPYRIGHT AND REUSE Open Research Exeter makes this work available in accordance with publisher policies. A NOTE ON VERSIONS The version presented here may differ from the published version. If citing, you are advised to consult the published version for pagination, volume/issue and date of publication 1 Rare earth mobility as a result of multiple phases of fluid 2 activity in fenite around the Chilwa Island Carbonatite, Malawi 3 4 Emma Dowman1,2,3 Frances Wall2,3 Peter J. Treloar1 and Andrew H Rankin1 5 1 Department of Geography and Geology, Kingston University, Kingston-upon-Thames, KT1 2EE, UK 6 2 Camborne School of Mines, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, TR10 9FE, UK 7 3 The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK 8 Emma Dowman
[email protected] 9 Keywords: 10 fenite, rare earths, fluid inclusions, apatite 11 Abstract 12 Carbonatites are enriched in critical raw materials such as the rare earth elements (REE), 13 niobium, fluorspar and phosphate. A better understanding of their fluid regimes will improve 14 our knowledge of how to target and exploit economic deposits. This study shows that 15 multiple fluid phases penetrated the surrounding fenite aureole during carbonatite 16 emplacement at Chilwa Island, Malawi. The first alkaline fluids formed the main fenite 17 assemblage and later microscopic vein networks contain the minerals of potential economic 18 interest such as pyrochlore in high-grade fenite and RE minerals throughout the aureole.