Coin Hoards from Roman Britain
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COLLECTION MONETA . 97 COIN HOARDS FROM ROMAN BRITAIN VOLUME XII EDITED BY RICHARD ABDY, ELEANOR GHEY, CELINE HUGHES AND IAN LEINS MONETA,WETTEREN 2009 COLLECTION MONETA – 97 COIN HOARDS FROM ROMAN BRITAIN VOLUME XII EDITED BY RICHARD ABDY, ELEANOR GHEY, CELINE HUGHES AND IAN LEINS MONETA, WETTEREN 2009 Cover: Hacksilver, coins and jewellery from the Patching hoard; © Trustees of the British Museum Coin of Domitian II from the Chalgrove hoard; © Trustees of the British Museum. © Moneta 2009 MONETA, Hoenderstraat 22, 9230 Wetteren, Belgique, Fax (32) 93 69 59 25 www.moneta.be 2 CONTENTS PREFACE ....................................................................................................... 7 CONTRIBUTORS ............................................................................................. 9 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .............................................................................. 10 NOTES TO THE CATALOGUE ......................................................................... 12 LOCATION MAP OF HOARDS ......................................................................... 13 LIST OF BUST VARIETIES .............................................................................. 14 LIST OF THIRD-CENTURY REVERSE TYPES .................................................... 15 1 Cowbit, Lincolnshire ............................................................................... 24 2 Llanddeiniolen, Wales ............................................................................. 27 3 Bungay, Suffolk ....................................................................................... 30 4 New Forest, Hampshire ........................................................................... 34 5 M1 Motorway, (possibly Leicestershire) ................................................ 36 6 Longford Grange, Shropshire ................................................................. 49 7 Nomansland, Wiltshire ............................................................................ 52 8 Ethy, Cornwall ........................................................................................ 63 9 Hambrook, South Gloucestershire .......................................................... 72 10 Kirton-in-Lindsey I, Lincolnshire ......................................................... 74 11 Kirton-in-Lindsey II, Lincolnshire ........................................................ 81 12 Stogursey, Somerset ............................................................................. 86 13 Langley with Hardley, Norfolk ............................................................. 97 14 Easterton II, Wiltshire ........................................................................ 111 15 Chalgrove II, Oxfordshire ................................................................... 113 16 Braithwell, South Yorkshire ............................................................... 149 17 Frampton, Dorset ................................................................................ 158 18 Breamore A, Hampshire ...................................................................... 171 19 Blunsdon Ridge, Wiltshire ................................................................. 190 20 Breamore B, Hampshire ...................................................................... 192 21 Yate, Bristol ......................................................................................... 199 3 22 Langtoft I, Yorkshire ........................................................................... 208 23 Ravenstone, Leicestershire.................................................................. 226 24 Goodnestone, Kent .............................................................................. 233 25 Prestwood B, Buckinghamshire .......................................................... 237 26 Taynton, Gloucestershire ..................................................................... 251 27 Langtoft II, Yorkshire .......................................................................... 254 28 Carleton St. Peter, Norfolk .................................................................. 261 29 Grassmoor, Derbyshire........................................................................ 265 30 Leatherhead area, Surrey ..................................................................... 278 31 Longbridge Deverill, Wiltshire ........................................................... 282 32 Hockwold, Norfolk ............................................................................. 290 33 Welbourn, Lincolnshire ..................................................................... 295 34 Haxby B addenda, York ...................................................................... 304 35 West Bagborough, Somerset ............................................................... 306 36 Little Smeaton, North Yorkshire ......................................................... 313 37 Kings Langley, Hertfordshire .............................................................. 316 38 Calstone, Wiltshire .............................................................................. 331 39 Wood Norton, Norfolk ........................................................................ 332 40 Bowerchalke, Wiltshire ....................................................................... 333 41 Chippenham, Cambridgeshire ............................................................. 337 42 Medina district, Isle of Wight ............................................................. 339 43 Eye area, Suffolk ................................................................................. 344 44 Ketton, Rutland ................................................................................... 347 45 Thetford, Norfolk ................................................................................ 354 46 Worlington, Suffolk ............................................................................. 355 47 Good Easter addenda, Essex ............................................................... 358 48 Thirsk, North Yorkshire ...................................................................... 359 49 Melcombe Horsey, Dorset ................................................................... 361 50 Stanchester, Wiltshire .......................................................................... 366 51 Cattal addenda, North Yorkshire ......................................................... 375 52 Lindsell, Essex .................................................................................... 377 53 Haynes, Bedfordshire .......................................................................... 379 54 Patching, West Sussex ......................................................................... 389 4 55 Oxborough, Norfolk ............................................................................ 393 Appendix .................................................................................................. 396 5 CHALGROVE II (2003), OXFORDSHIRE Jérôme Mairat1 (Plate 5-22) 4957 copper-alloy radiates to AD 279 BM ref.: 2003 T83 Circumstances of discovery (by R. Abdy) Found by Mr. Brian Malin with the aid of a metal detector, 7th April 2003 at a depth of 30-60 cm on arable farmland, about 10 miles south-east of Oxford. In 1989 Mr. Malin, along with his brother Ian Malin, found the remarkably similar Chalgrove I (RBCH 756A, 4145 radiates in two Romano-British black burnished pots), 100 feet away from the find spot of the present hoard. (See J. Mairat below for comparison between these two hoards). The condition of hoard, fused together with copper-alloy corrosion products within the jar made conservation (carried out by the British Museum conservators Simon Dove and Abby Dickson) a painstaking task that unavoidably delayed identification until early 2004. This did allow stratified spits to be taken: roughly 100-coin samples (actual 430) from the top, upper middle, lower middle, and bottom (analysed below). The presence of the second recorded example of a coin of Domitianus (Domitian II) in Chalgrove II provoked a great deal of media attention.2 The RIC plates showed that this new coin was a die-identical example of the previously unique first discovery. The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire (A. H. M. Jones et al) lists this Gallic Domitianus as: “Usurper under Aurelian, quickly suppressed Zos. 1.49.2. Possibly in Gaul, where a coin of doubtful authenticity was found with the legend ‘Imp. C. Domitianus p. f. Aug.’ RIC V.2 590”. The matching example from Chalgrove, certainly confirmed the authenticity of the coin. By coincidence, renewed research in France on the first Domitian II coin was coming to fruition around the time of the discovery of Chalgrove II. The first coin had been found as part of a hoard of 1,456 radiates to AD 274,3 at Cléons (Haute-Goulaine, Loire-Atlantique), 1900, and subsequently published by F.-M. A. de la Fuÿe.4 The Cabinet des Médailles in Paris refused to purchase the coin due to the unrealistic price,5 and in 1929 was given to the Musée Dobrée in Nantes, the owner’s hometown.6 It subsequently proved hard to locate, leaving the plaster cast published in RIC as the only reference throughout the century.7 It was declared to be a retooled Tetricus / Hilaritas Augg (RIC 79) by the influential Italian numismatist L. Laffranchi,8 while other doubters pointed out the unusual lack of praenomen and nomen on what should have been an inaugural issue.9 Despite its detractors, the coin was never quite dismissed. Apart