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8AF-Tacticalrpt-14Apr45.Pdf 1 7£ 1It llbIB!I By ~tuthor ity of CG, VIII F)~~ter Cmd. Initials/'.' :·~-;J ~~~ . -n..te / 3 .S 1~ r /9;/..:>- ~ . .' . COPY NO. -----2 9 EIGHTH A IR FORCE TACTICAL REPORT ~ ..... -- .... ...-- .... - ..,.. ....... -- ... __.. - 14 APRIL 1945 • FIELD ORDER NO. TARGETS OPERATION NO. 1972 T~iEKTY ..,.T',iO ( 22) ENEMY DEFENSIVE 948 INSTJ~LLATIONS, CONSISTING OF ANTI- AIRCRAFT AND ARTILLERY POSITIONS aND STROHGPO UTTS COVERiiJG THE GIRONDE ESTUARY IN SOUTHWEST FFAHCE. ~BLE 0 F COlJT'.8NTS REPORT OF OPE..rl..aTIONS Annexes Routes A.nd Targets Bombing Weather Statistics EIGHTH AIR FORCE OPERATIONS 14 April 1945 l, IDENTIFICA.TION. a. Operation No, 948 (Ce-deword: "Venerable"), b. ~ssi{g'!ed Targets. Twenty-two (22) enemy defensive installations. consisting of anti..aircraft and artillery posit.ions and strongpoints covering the Gironde estuary in southwest France. (See paragraph 3,b.(2) for specific targets.) 2. INTRODUCTION. a. As part of the German plan to deny to the Allies port facili­ ties in liberated countries. the enemy maintained a pocket of resistance at the mouth of the Gironda River, the entrance to the port of Bordeaux, long after substantially all of France had been reclaimed. In December 1944 an air'""'ground operation, entitled "Independence", was planned to eliminate • this pocket. Three small-scale operations by the Eighth Air Force against a coa..stal battery in the Pointe de la Coubre and a large scale attack by BAF Bomber Command against Roya.n ~both localities in the Gironde estuary area - were undertaken under this plan. "Independence n was temporarily abandoned on 9 January 1945 but in early April this operation was revived and renamed "Venerable". b. Operation "Venerable" was to combine the efforts of the First u.s. Tactical Air Force (specifically two of its four sub-forces, the 42nd Bomb Wing and the Western French Air Force), the Eighth Air Force, Sixth ~rmy Group (contributing a ground force of French troops referred to as the Army Detachment of the Atlantic) and some French naval units. The air forces were to attack strongpoints and artillery emplacements selected by the ground forces prior to, during, and after D-day, Meetings were held at the headquarters of First U.S. Tactical Air Force at which representa­ tives of all the aforementioned commands participated in the overall plan-tiing. The ground attack was to be preceded by air assaults dejigned to soften the enemy defenses. The Western French Air Force was to commence operations on 13 April and the! Eighth Air Force a.nd the 42nd Bomb Wing were to begin their missions on 14 April. Since the ground attack was to be launched immediately after the second day of Eighth Air Force operations, D~a.y was to be determined by the Eighth Air Force based upon weather on or after 15 Apr!l, · 3. EIGHTH AIR FORCE PI.ANNING. a. \weather. Although earlier forecasts indicated the possibility of visuals in southern Germany, the 2200-hour weather conference of 13 April forecast 5-9/10 low cloud and 3-9/10 middle cloud over all of Germany. In western France 2-5/10 small cumulus from 2000-6000 feet, 3-5/10 middle cloud from 15,000-18,000 feet, and 0-3/10 patchy cirrostratus from 22,000.24,ooo feet was indicated. Base weather conditions were forecast as satisfactory for take.,.off. There was a possibility that a front moving eastward might cause substantial middle cloud in the area of western FrRnce towards the afternoon. n\ !-"':· '\, ;· i i:, - l - DEC~~,~;~:~:£~~· ~-U b. Target Selection and Force Assignment. I (l) On 13 April decision was ma.de to initiate the first 11 ph"1se of the heavy bot'lbardmen t aspect of operation "Venerable • At the 1600-hour conference of that day it was decided to employ the entire 2nd Air Divisicn and pa.rt of the Jrd Air Division in connection with "Venerable~ The balance of the Eighth Air Foree was to attack certain communication targets north of Regensb'l,l.rg as requested by SHA.EF through USSTAF ~ At 2200 hours 13 April. weather devolopments having precluded the possibility of visuals in so~thern Germany, the mission against these communication tar• gets was cancelled; to the units thus made a.vaila.ble other targets 1n the area of the Gironde estuary were assigned. Due to the late hour at which this decision was made and the special nature of the briefing material, these additional groups of the 1st and 3rd Air Divisions could not be readied in time to reach their targets as early as the units previously assigned. Consequently the attack was planned in two waves, with an inter­ val of approx1roo.tely one hour between we.ves - this interval was subsequently reduced to one~he.lf hour due to necessity for delaying the first wave of bomber fo:rces to enable the 3rd Air Division units to travel the consider­ able distance between their assembly area at Givet and the time control point at Orleans. Contemple.ting a. continuation of attacks on "Venerable" targets on 15 April, 3rd Air Division was requested to draw their first wave force from those units assigned to drop Napalm fire bombs on the follQwing da.y; this was to insure adequate time for loading this type of incendiary in its initial adaptation to heavy bomber use. (2) The bombers were to operate in four forces. this being determined in a large measure by the revision in pl.ans to accommodate the units initially detailed to objectives in Germany, The lead force in the first wave (Forces l and II) had as its principal task the neutralization of the heavy anti~ircraft defenses in the area. The specific assignments were; FIRST WAVE Target Type of Gr id Reference Nwnber lifumber J~ecality ~arget GSGS 4249, 6 M of Sgs Force I - 3rd Air Division ~B~l7's) (Tactical Unit - group of tbTee 12....alrcr~ft or four 9-aircraft squadrons) Sub-Force Ia 1 Roya:n/Vaux-sur­ 3xl55 mm guns; 353771 3 mer 4 heavy AA guns. 137 Roya.n Heavy AA guns . 2 33 Rgyan (Fort de 3x75 mm AA guns; 2 Royan) light AA positions; s trongpo int. lA Roya.n/Poin te de 4x88 mm AA guns. 2 Vallieres Sub-Force lb 15 Po tn te de Grave 4x88 mm .A.A guns • 3 19 Pointe de Grave 4x165 mm guns casemated; 3 2x77 mm guns casemated; 3x75 mm AA guns • 24 Pointe de ls. 2xl05 mm guns casemated. 302755 3 Cou.bre-Royan ( I.e Fort) , Pointe de la Coubre Heavy AA guns. " 232843 3 29 Pointe dlJ.·.t~.; t-G.. o~ .... te. lfx24o mm gun~ -o.~;?ed. 239847 4 11 ·", . 'I I .Ji l~'-, ~; it·,~ ~, it:-~t ~ ~· i I ,-.!M (.;k ~D. .; .. ' ') '1:'i'!; 111 .,. ~'l,,ll:1l ..:-".,.., d tt- ~2 - Target Type of Grid Reference Number Number Locality Tar~t GSGS 4249, 6 M of Sgs Force II - 2nd Air Division B-24 1s) (Tactical Unit - combat wing of ...:1g· sqs ea.ch con"'Sisting of 6-10 a~rcraft) 7 Royan/Vaux-sur-mer See Fcroe I 4 24 Royan/Pointe de la See Force I 4 Coubre (Le Fort) 32 B.oyan/Pointe de 6x75 mm coastal guns; 401699 6 Susac 2xl20 mm coastal guns; light AA guns 11 Reye.n /Va ux-s ur-me r 6xl55 mm guns, casemated; 344760 6 3x75 mm AA guns : 4x37 mm guns; ammunition depot, 33 Royan (Fort de See Force I 6 Roya.n) 17) Po in te de Grave 4xl55 mm guns. casemated; 343693 4 38) (in close proximity) 4xl05 mm guns, casemated. 340691 19 Pointe de Grave See Force I 3 18 Pointe de Grave 3x77 mm guns, casemated 342628 3 28 Pointe de la Coubre 2x220 mm coastal guns, 214835 3 casemated; 4 medium AA guns. 27 Pointe de la Coubre 4xl50 mm guns, casemated. 229839 3 26 Pointe de la Coubre 4xl38 mm guns, casemated. 239840 3 SECOND WAVE Force III ~ 2rd Air Division (B-11 1s) (Tactical Unit ..,. combat 1groupof three 12-aircraft or four 9..-e. ir era.ft sq_s) g Royan/Vaux-sur-mer S trongpo int . 349779 3 7 Ro yan /Va. ux~ ur-rpe r See Force I and Force II 5 10 Royan/Vaux-su:r:-mer Strongpoint. 348771 2 12 Ro yan /V H ux-sur-me r Strongpo int. 348767 4 11 noyan/Vaux-sur-mer See Force II 4 137 Rcyan See Force I 2 Foree IV - ls t Air Div is ion (B-lJ' s) (Tactical Unit - combat gro~p of three 12-aircraft squadrons) 33 Roynn (Fort de Royan) See Force l and Force II 9 l Ro ya.n-1"1e dis Strongpo1nt. 408755 9 338- Royan Strongpoint: various 388754 9 batteries; possible headquarters building; railway AA guns. ,. ~ ~ ~ ~ ·~ ~ -.'<, ~ r' r'\ t,'~·. ';)r-f~~ D~c • .1 !til: C.:. iJ~ :,,;:.er; fL...J° ... ~· "",.~rg ~j . ... i, I !,, . I ·~ :, . ··' . ' ' . ~·· f JI. [ . .... ... J ' .• fii •. ~ t . !; ; .·· ' f-;1 . DE~- ..._'J kl , ...... t.~ ( • b ...:ii 1'' ·. Ncte: a. With the exception of three targets (lA; 27A, 338-) all target numbers refer to a target designati~n sheet submitted by the ] 1rench ground forces to all air forces involved in operation "Venerable"~ b. Targets numbered 7 and 33 were assigned to units of three separate forces; targets numbered 137, 19, 24 and 11 were assigned to units of two separate forces. Second priority targets for all forces were to be any objective assigned to other units as their first priority targets. A.ll bombing we.a to be accomplished iisutJ,lly and, therefore, no other priorities were es·~ablished.
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