J. Bangladesh Acad. Sci., Vol. 43, No. 2, 113-122, 2019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v43i2.4573 2
CHECKLIST OF DEUTEROMYCTEOUS FUNGI OF BANGLADESH I1
SHAMIM SHAMSI Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
ABSTRACT
Eighty three species of anamorphic fungi under 20 genera belonging to Moniliaceae, Tuberculareaceae and Stilbelaceae found in Bangladesh from 1952 till date are enlisted. The alphabetical checklist of the genera is provided herewith. Further updates will be added in the subsequent versions of the publication.
Keywords: Checklist, Fungi, Moniliaceae, Tuberculareaceae, Stilbelaceae, Bangladesh
INTRODUCTION The fungal flora in Bangladesh have not been Trichocomaceae: Penicillium, Aspergillus, and fully recorded as yet. However, the hot humid Paecilomyces. Anamorphs of Erysiphales: climatic conditions of the country are highly Oidium and its Segregates. Anamorphs of the congenial for them. As such, a rich fungal Hypocreales: Acremonium, Cylindrocarpon, biodiversity is evident in the country. Cylindrocladium, Fusarium, Gliocladium, Deuteromycota ("Deuteromycetes") or fungi Stachybotrys, Trichoderma, Verticillium, and imperfecti are anamorphic fungi, or mitosporic others (Seifert and Gams 2001). Climate of fungi, but these are terms used without Bangladesh is suitable for growth and taxonomic rank. Anamorphic or conidial fungi reproduction of various mycroflora in nature as are asexually or mitotically sporulating fungi parasites or saprophytes. Present paper deals traditionally classified in the Fungi Imperfecti or with monilaceous hyphomycetes including the form taxon Deuteromycotina, with subsidiary genera of Moniliaceae, Tuberculareaceae and form taxa Hyphomycetes and Coelomycetes Stilbelaceae that are enlisted in Bangladesh from (Alexopoulos et al. 1996, Kendrick 1981, Taylor 1952 till date (Ahmed 1952, Wadud and Ahmed 1995 and Anonymous 2017). 1962, Ishaque and Talukdar 1967, Talukder 1974, Fakir 1987, Miah 1993, Siddiqui et al. Under the former system, a name for an 2007, Bakr et al. 2007, Aktar and Shamsi 2010, asexually reproducing fungus was considered a Helal et al. 2018 and Nahar et al. 2019). form taxon. For example, the ubiquitous and Classification of fungi were based on Thom and industrially important mold, Aspergillus niger, Raper 1945, Raper et al. 1949. Booth 1971, has no known sexual cycle. Thus A. niger is Barnett and Hunter 1972 and 1998. considered a form taxon. In contrast, isolates of its close relative, A. nidulans, revealed to be the Ellis (1971 and 1976), Ellis and Ellis (1997) and anomorphic stage of a teleomorph (the ascocarp Barnett and Hunter (1972 and 1998) extensively or fruiting body of the sexual reproductive stage worked on anamorphic fungi and they followed of a fungus), which was already named “Saccardean system of classification” Emericella nidulans. When such a teleomorphic Form Class Deuteromycetes stage is known, that name will take priority over Form Order Mucorales the name of an anamorph (which lacks a sexual Moniliales reproductive stage). Hence the formerly Sphaeropsidales classified Aspergillus nidulans is now properly Melanconiales called E. nidulans. Anamorphs of the Eurotiales, Mycelia sterilia
*Corresponding authors:
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MATERIALS AND METHODS RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The present paper deals with substratum range The Hyphomycetes, like other groups of of 83 species of moniliaceous Hyphomycetes Deuteromycetes, is an artificial one composed reported so far from different habitats of almost entirely of anamorphic fungi of Bangladesh. They were found as pathogens or ascomycete affinity. The majority are known saprophytes on stem, leaf, woody debris and leaf anamorphs of Ascomycetes, although some have litter environment. Asexual fruiting structures of these fungi were studied directly from the basidiomycete affinities. Several of the latter are samples or isolated from the samples. The aquatic or aero-aquatic. They lack locular fruit research was conducted in Bangladesh Jute bodies (conidiomata), and so sporulation occurs Research Institute (BJRI), Dhaka, Bangladesh on separate or aggregated hyphae, which may or Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Joydebpur, may not be differentiated, the thallus consists of Gazipur, Dhaka, Bangladesh Agricultural septate hyphae. About 1400 genera comprising Research Institute (BARI), Joydebpur, Gazipur, more than 11,500 species are recognized Dhaka Bangladesh Agricultural University, (Anonymous 2017a and 2017b). (BAU), Mymensingh, Dhaka University, Dhaka, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi, Chittagong Siddiqui et al. (2007) have reported 275 fungal University, Chittagong, Jahangirnagar species under 125 genera from Bangladesh. University (JU), Savar, Dhaka and Jagannath Shamsi (2017a and 2017b) presented check list University (JnU), Dhaka The checklist of of forty species of lower fungi and 208 species Deuteromycetous fungi recorded from of anamorphic fungi under 51 genera of the Bangladesh is compiled on the basis of family Dematiaceae from Bangladesh. published literatures of the Country. The fungi were isolated from the respective hosts Eighty three species of anamorphic fungi under following ‘Tissue planting method’ (CAB 1968). 20 genera belonging to Moniliaceae, Seed borne fungi were isolated following Tuberculareaceae and Stilbelaceae found in ‘Blotter method’ or ‘Paper towel method’ Bangladesh from 1952 till date are enlisted. One (Anonymous 2014). Soil borne fungi were isolated following ‘serial dilution method’. variety of Fusarium moniliformae, three Distribution of 83 species of fungi reported so varieties of F. oxysporum and one variety of F. far from various sites of Bangladesh is provided. udum are also included in the present account. The most frequently collected species of the Fungi are listed in Table 1. genera are Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium, Oidium and Trichoderma. The checklist Present document will enrich the list of includes detail of the substrata on which they mycoflora in Bangladesh and subsequently it encountered as far as possible. This data will be will be also helpful for studying fungal diversity useful in the compilation of fungal biodiversity in the country. of Bangladesh.
CHECKLIST OF DEUTEROMYCTEOUS FUNGI OF BANGLADESH 115
Table 1. Form-Order Moniliales Form Family Moniliaceae SL. Name of fungi Host/Habitat Status References No. 1. Aspergillus aculeatus In Soil of rice and wheat Occurrence Bakr et al. 2007 Iizuka field infrequent Associated with seeds of Occurrence 2. A.candidus Link Bakr et al. 2007 Pisum sativum L. infrequent On Vigna mungo L. Occurrence 3. A. clavatus Desm. Bakr et al. 2007 Causing rot infrequent Occurrence 4. Flavus Link On seeds Siddiqui et al. 2007 frequent A. flavipes (Bainier & On seeds of Cicer Occurrence 5. Siddiqui et al. 2007 Sartory) Thom & Church arietenum L. infrequent Occurrence 6. A. fumigatus Fresenius On seeds, fruits and Soil Siddiqui et al. 2007 frequent Soil, contaminated food Occurrence 7. A. funiculous Smith Siddiqui et al. 2007 and seeds infrequent Storage seeds of Bombax Occurrence 8. A. gloucas (L.) Link Bakr et al. 2007 L.. ( shemul cotton) infrequent A. humicola Choudhri and Occurrence 9. On saw dust, compost Siddiqui et al. 2007 Sachar infrequent Soil, Storage food and Occurrence 10. A. luchuensis Inui Siddiqui et al. 2007 grain infrequent Occurrence 11. A. nidulans (Eidam) Wint. On oryza sativa L. Shamsi et al. 2010 infrequent On storage seeds of Occurrence 12. A. niger van Tieghem Siddiqui et al. 2007 cereals , soil, fruits, bread. frequent Soil, plant debris and Occurrence 13. A. ochraceous Wilhelm Siddiqui et al. 2007 seeds frequent Occurrence 14. A. repens (Corda) Sacc. Soil and air Siddiqui et al. 2007 infrequent A. sydowii Isolated from Cucurbita Occurrence 15. (Bainier & Sartory) Thom Bakr et al. 2007 L.. (Cucurbits) infrequent and Church Occurrence 16. A. terreus Thom Isolated from soil Bakr et al. 2007 infrequent Solanum lycopersicum Occurrence 17. A. tamarii Kita L.. (Lycopersicon Bakr et al. 2007 infrequent esculentum Mill.) tomato Occurrence frequent in Beauveria bassiana Disease of Bombyx mori Rajshahi district 18. Siddiqui et al. 2007 (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. L. specially in silkworm growing area Candida krusei (Castell.) Isolated from lemon in Occurrence 19. Shamsi et al. 2015 Berkhout, storage infrequent
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Table 1. (contd.)
SL. Name of fungi Host/Habitat Status References No. On leaf and sheath of Occurrence 20. Chlamydomyces Bainier Talukdar 1974 Araeca catechu L. infrequent On leaves of Dalbergia. 21. Cylindrocladium Morgan Rare Shamsi et al. 2012a sissoo Roxb (Sisam). C. crotalariae (Loos) D.K. 22. On Arachis hypogaea L. Rare Miah 1993 Bell & Sobers Dectylaria dimorphospora Isolated from 23. Rare Shamsi 1999 Veenb.-Rijks Oryza sativa L. Isolated from Arthrospira platensis (Nordstedt) Biocontrol 24. Gliocladium Corda Gomont [Spirulina Bakr et al. 2007 against R. solani platensis (Gomont) Geitler]
Isolated from Arthrospira platensis (Nordstedt) Gomont Occurrence 25. Geotrichum candidum Link Kibria et al. 2016 [Spirulina platensis (Gomont) infrequent Geitler] Monilia impicata Gilman Occurrence 26. Siddiqui et al. 2007 & Abbott infrequent Oidium azadirachtae On Azadirachta indica Occurrence 27. Bakr et al. 2007 Narayanas. & Ramakr. A. Juss. frequent Occurrence 28. Oidium Link On cucurbits Bakr et al. 2007 infrequent Causing powdery 29. O. mangiferae Berthet On Manigifera indica L. mildew disease at Shahjahan 1993 flowering stage Occurrence 30. O. heveae On Havea braziliensis L. Bakr et al. 2007 frequent On old seeds of Glycin Causing rot of 31. Oidium lini. Škorič Bakr et al. 2007 max L. seeds
Ovulariopsis sissoo On Dalbergia. Sissoo Occurrence 32. Shamsi et al. 2008a Shamsi, Sultana and Azad Roxb frequent sp. nov Occurrence 33. Paceilomyces Bainier Air borne Shamsi et al. 2014 infrequent Paecilomyces lilacinus Occurrence 34. On Triticum aestivum L. Bakr et al. 2007 (Thom) Samson frequent Penicillium atramentosum In Soil of rice and wheat Occurrence 35. Bakr et al. 2007 Thom field infrequent In Soil of rice and wheat Occurrence 36. P. chrysogenum Thom Bakr et al. 2007 field infrequent CHECKLIST OF DEUTEROMYCTEOUS FUNGI OF BANGLADESH 117
Table 1. (contd.)
SL. Name of fungi Host/Habitat Status References No. Occurrence 37. P. digitatum (Pers.) Sacc. On Citrus fruits Bakr et al. 2007 frequent Occurrence 38. P. expansum Link Soil of grass land Bakr et al. 2007 frequent Isolated from Arthrospira platensis (Nordstedt) Occurrence 39. P. frequentans Westling Gomont [Spirulina Kibria et al. 2016 infrequent platensis (Gomont) Geitler] Penicillium funiculosum Soil of rice and wheat Occurrence 40. Bakr et al. 2007 Thom field infrequent Occurrence 41. P. italicum Wehmer, Bakr et al. 2007 frequent Occurrence 42. P. notatum Westling On Cicer arietinum L. Bakr et al. 2007 infrequent P. oxalicum Currie & Occurrence 43. Zea mays L. Bakr et al. 2007 Thom infrequent Isolated from Allium 44. P. pinophilum Hedgc Occurrence Bakr et al. 2007 sativum L. infrequent Causal agents of Sarocladium oryzae Isolated from Oryza sativa sheath rot of rice. 45. (Sawada) Gams and Shamsi et al. 2003 L. Occurrence Hawksw frequent Isolated from aromatic Occurrence 46. Scopulariopsis Bainier. Shamsi et al. 2010 rice Oryza sativa L. infrequent
Isolated from Atrocurpus Occurrence 47. Spikeria sp. Shamsi et al. 2012b altalis Fosb. infrequent Occurrence 48. Trichoderma album Preuss Soil, cow’s rumen. Siddiqui et al. 2007 infrequent Occurrence 49. T. glaucum Abbot Soil Siddiqui et al. 2007 infrequent Occurrence 50. T. herzineum Rifai Soil Bakr et al. 2007 frequent T. lignorum (Tode) Occurrence 51. Soil Siddiqui et al. 2007 Hughes infrequent Occurrence 52. T. koningii Oudem. Soil Bakr et al. 2007 infrequent Occurrence 53. T. viride Pers. Ex Fries. Soil Bakr et al. 2007 frequent
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Table 1. (contd.)
SL. Name of fungi Host/Habitat Status References No. Also Isolated from the infected dried Trichothecium roseum Isolated from infected pod surface of Shamsi and Sultana 54. Link. dried fruit surface of jute. BARI Chola-3 2008b (Cicer arietinum L.)
Family Tuberculariaceae Fusarium avenaceum (Fr.) Occurrence Shamsi and 55. On Arachis hypogaea L. Sacc. infrequent Sharmin 2012c Fusarium buharicum Occurrence Shamsi and 56. On Arachis hypogaea L Jaczewski infrequent Sharmin 2012c On Solanum tuberosum 57. F. caeruleum Lib. ex Sacc. Dry rot major Bakr et al. 2007 L. potato F. culmorum Occurrence 58. On Triticum aestivum L. Bakr et al. 2007 (Wm.G.Sm.) Sacc. infrequent Occurrence Shamsi and Sharmin 59. F. equiseti (Corda) Sacc. On Arachis hypogaea L infrequent 2012c Occurrence Isolated from Oryza sativa frequent 60. F. fujikuroi Nirenberg Miah 1993 L. causing bakanae disease of rice Occurrence 61. F. flocciferum Corda On Caryca papaya L. Helal et al. 2018 infrequent On Chorcorus capsularis Occurrence 62 F. gramiearum Bakr et al. 2007 L. frequent F. heterosporum Nees ex Occurrence Shamsi and 63. On Arachis hypogaea L Fr. infrequent Sharmin 2012b Shamsi and Hosen 64. F. merismoides Corda On Sesamum indicum L. Rare 2016 On soil, rice grains and Occurrence 65. F. moniliforme Sheldon Siddiqui et al. 2007 fruits frequent F. moniliforme var. Occurrence a. Isolated from Zia mayze L Yasmin 2007 subgluitans Wr. & Reink infrequent F. nivale (Fr.) Ces. Occurrence Aktar and Shamsi 66. On Datura metel L. Rabenh. infrequent 2010 F. orthoceros Appel. & 67. On Cicer arietinum L. Major disease Bakr et al. 2007 Woll.
CHECKLIST OF DEUTEROMYCTEOUS FUNGI OF BANGLADESH 119
Table 1. (contd.)
SL. Name of fungi Host/Habitat Status References No. Occurrence 68. F. oxysporum Schlecht On Musa spp. Talukdar 1974 frequent F. oxysporum f. sp.cubens Panama disease a. On Musa spp. Talukdar 1974 (Smith) Snyder & Hanson Major 80 F .oxysporum f. sp. Lini On Linum usitatissimum causing minor b. Talukdar 1974 (Bolley) Snyder & Hansen L. wilt disease F. oxysporum f. sp c. vasinfectum (G.F. Atk.) On Gossypium hirsutum Causing cotton Talukdar 1974 W.C. Snyder & H.N. L. wilt Hansen Fusarium pllidoroseum Occurrence 69. On Oryza sativa L. Shamsi 1999 (Cook) Sacc. infrequent F. poae (Peck) Occurrence 70.. On Allium sativum L. Bakr et al. 2007 WollenWeber infrequent F. proliferatum Occurrence 71. (Matsush.) Nirenberg ex On Oryza sativa L. Sultana et al, 2018 infrequent Gerlach & Nirenberg, F. semitectum, Occurrence Shamsi and Sharmin 72. On Arachis hypogaea L. Berk. & Rav. infrequent 2012c Soil, infected plants and Occurrence 73. F. solani (Mart.) Sacc. Siddiqui et al. 2007 animals frequent Fusarium sporotrichioides Isolated from seeds of Occurrence 74. Nahar et al. 2019 Sherb, Mem Gossypium arboreum L infrequent Isolated from Arthrospira platensis (Nordstedt) F. trichothecioides Occurrence 75. Gomont [Spirulina Kibria et al. 2016 Wollenw infrequent platensis (Gomont) Geitler] Occurrence 76. F. tumidum Sherb. On cereal grain Bakr et al. 2007 infrequent 77. F. udum Butler On Cajanus cajan L. Major disease Talukdar 1974 F. udum var. crotalariae 78. On Crotalara juncea Major disease Talukdar 1974 (Kol) Pad. Occurrence 79. Fusarium vasinfectum Atk. Causing cotton wilt Talukdar 1974 infrequent Microdochium oryzae Occurrence 80. (Hashioka & Yokogi) On Oryza sativa L. Bakr et al. 2007 infrequent Samuels & Hallett, Occurrence 81. M. fisheri On Oryza sativa L. Sultana et al. 2018 infrequent Cusing leaf scold 82. Rhynchosporium oryzae Bakr et al. 2007 Hashioka & Yokogi, On Oryza sativa L. disease of rice
Family Stilbaceae Causing minor 83. Isariopsis Fres. On Zizypus jujube Talukdar 1974 leaf spot
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(Received revised manuscript on 30 June 2019)