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M.F-Ii, Thesis M .f-ii, Thesis THE AWAKENING PROCESS OR THE ACHIEVEMENT OF MATURITY IN FOUR NOVELS OF HENRY JAMES UNIVERSIDADE: FEDERAL DE SANTA CATARINA PÓS-GRADUACSO EM INGLêS E LITERATURA CORRESPONDENTE: THE AUAKENIN6 PROCESS OR THE ACHIEVEMENT OF MATURITY IN FOUR NOVELS OF HENRY JAMES por IDA LUCIA MAROCHIO CYPRIANÜ Dissertação submetida à Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Letras» I-1 or i anópol i s Agosto de í'?9í Esta dissertação foi julgada adequada e aprovada em sua forma final para a obtenção do título de MESTRE EM LETRAS Opção Inglês e Literatura Correspondente. Dr$ Bernadete Pasold Coor d en ad or (a) Drü Bernadete Pasold Or i ent adora BANCA EXAMINADORA: ó X M d J L i Dr§ Bernadete Pasold Pres i dente __ Dr^J S i gr i!;d Rersaux Drâ Maria Llisa Cevasco Florianópolis, í? de agosto de Í99Í. Aos meus pais e -F am t ï i ares . AGRADECIMENTOS & Profä ßernadete Pasold da Universidade l-ederal de Saunt a Cat ar i na» À Prof£ Maria Elisa Cevasco da Universidade de Sio aiuiJ.P o. a Profä Sigrid Renaux da Universidade Federal do Paraná. 'A Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras “Madre Gertrudes de Säo José" de Cachoeiro de Itapeinirim, EIS. Ao João Inácio Müller do Núcleo de Informática do Centre» de Comunicação e Expressão da UF5C« Aos professores do Cur so de Pós-Graduação em Letras, da UFSC. ABSTRACT The tragedy of innocence plays an important role in the works of Henry James- Four of his novels (Roderick Hudson, The Portrait of a Lady, The Ambassadors and The Golden Bowl) have been selected t o p r e s e n t the w a y J a1« e s Id r o a c h e s t h e t r a g e d y u n d e r c o n s i d e r a t i o n i n three periods of his literary career. J a m e s's i n n o c e n t 1» r o t a g o n i s t s h a v e t heir p r o c e s s i n t o consciousness started when they come from America, the new world that obtained its freedom From Europe, and venture into' the great 0 Id world. TI-. e y c: o m e t o IE! u r o p e i n o r d e r to u n d e rgo t h e i r p r o c: e s s into awareness« T h e e p e r i e n c: e t h e A m e r i c a n i n n o c e n t s u n d e r g o a b r o a (J i s p o r t r a y e d t I t u s i n t I t e i r s e a r c h For f o r m s o n a c c o1.1 n t o F t I t e i r n e w world freshness. Their fall from innocence, or their fall into consciousness, takes place therefore in so Far as the cultural clash 1 s d e v e1op e d in t he Eu r op e a n s e 11 i n g. Each of the Four novels is analysed one by one in detail through a plot-I ike discussion in order to detect the peculiarities o F e a c h p r o t a g o n i s t while t h e y c o n F r o n t t It e E u r o p e a n s o c i e t y Finally, it is verified what the main character of each novel makes of the knowledge and experience he/she gains in the old world, and the conclusion is that there is an evolution in the characters' profit by their experience •- From a total failure to survive in Roderick Hudson to a complete harmony of the two worlds in The Golden Bowl. RESUMO A t r a g é cl i a d a i n o >::: ê n c; i a d s e m p e n h a i.t m i m p o r t a n t e p a p e 1 n a o ta r a de Henra James,. Quatro de seus romances (Roderick Hudson „ The iPor■■■• trait of a Lada, The Ambassadors e The Golden Bowl) Foram seleciona­ dos para explicar o modo que James aborda a referida tragédia, em três períodos de sua vida literária. Os protagonistas inocentes de James são iniciados em seus pro­ cessos de conscientização quando eles vem da América, o novo mundo que obteve sua liberdade da Europa, e aventuram.se no velho mundo.. Eles vêm para a Europa a fim de se submeterem a um processo de cons- c i en t i zaç ao ., A experiência que os americanos inocentes sofrem no exterior é r e t r a t a d a e n t a o e m s u a b u s c a p o r f o r m as d e v i d o à i m a t u r i d a d e d o n o v o miando. A per'd a da inocenc ia, ou a queda na consc i ent szaçao, ocorre portanto na med ida em que o choque entre culturas se desenvolve no cenário europeu. Cada um dos quatro romances é analisado detalhadamente através da discussão do enredo para detectar as peculiaridades de cada pro­ tagonista enquanto confrontam a sociedade europeia» I- i na 1 mente, ve~ r i f i ea-se o que o personagem principal de cada romance faz do conhe­ ci i mento e experiência que ele/ela adquire no velho mundo, e, a con­ clusão é que há uma evolução no aproveitamento que os personagens fazem de sua experiência do fracasso total para sobreviver em IRo- dericlt Hudson à harmonia completa entre os dois mundos em The Golden Bowl „ TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ...... ................................................... 1 RODERICK HUDSON ..................................... 12 THE PORTRAIT OF A L A D Y ............................. 33 THE AMBASSADORS ................................. 60 THE GOLDEN BOWL ......................... ............... ........... 84 CONCLUSION ................................... ........ ................ 100 BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................. 109 INTRODUCTION Statement of problem As James represents the tragedy of innocence through the impact: of European civilization on Americans in great: part: of his works and in many different ways, this dissertation focuses part: i cular 1 y on how James manages to develop the theme of the innocent abroad throughout three periods of his literary career. In order to achieve a general comprehensive view of the considering subject, four novels have been selected out of James's twenty complete long fictional works - Roderick Hudson (1875) from his early period, and the first: novel in which he broaches the American in Europe; The Portrait of a Lady (1881 ) from his middle period; and The Ambassadors (j.9@3) and The Golden Bowl (1904 - the last complete work of ...James's novels) from h i s late period,. Since the concern of this dissertation resides especifica 11y in the experience the main protagonist in each of the novels mentioned above undergoes in the old world, some questions may be asked to guide this research : In which way is each protagonist: incomplete, or innocent? What triggers their journey to Europe? Which conflicts do they face in Europe? How is awareness or/and 2 in a t u i" i fc y a c: h i e v e c! ? 1 s fc1-. e p r o c: e s s t h e s a m e f o r b o t l-i m a i e a n d f e in a I. e p r o t a. g o n i s t s'? I s i h e r e a p a. fc fc e r n f o r ivi a.). e s a. s o |:> p o s e d fc o ■F e m a I e s ? 1-1 o w cl o e s fc h i s p r o c: e s s fc o w a r d s c: o n s c: i o u s n e s s a n d m a fc u r i fc y f i fc i ii fc. o t h e fcheor ies expressed by cr it i cs? These are some of fche quest i ons fc hi s d i sserfc afc i on poses. Review of Criticism 1 n J a m e s ' s f i c: fc i o n fc hi i s p r o c e s s fc o w a r cl s l< n o w '1 e d g e a n d maturity is related to fche acquisition o-F fche ’conscious conscience’ as mentioned by Tonny Tanner in The Reign of Wonder; Naivety and Reality In American Literature 1 For Tanner, a conscious conscience is fche conscience fchafc has achieved knowledge- and experience o-F fche world. Wifch regard to James's -Fiction, this process is usually developed through the initiation of Americans in Europe.
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