Improvement of Resilience of Water Resources to Climate Change for Communities Living in the Mountain Ecosystems of Adrar Wilaya in Mauritania

IMPROVEMENT OF RESILIENCE OF WATER RESOURCES TO CLIMATE CHANGE FOR COMMUNITIES LIVING IN THE MOUNTAIN ECOSYSTEMS OF ADRAR WILAYA IN MAURITANIA

Mauritania OSS

13 February 2020 IMPROVEMENT OF RESILIENCE OF WATER RESOURCES TO Project/Programme Title : CLIMATE CHANGE FOR COMMUNITIES LIVING IN THE MOUNTAIN ECOSYSTEMS OF ADRAR WILAYA IN MAURITANIA

Country(ies): MAURITANIA

National Designated MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE Authority(ies) (NDA): DEVELOPMENT (Mauritania)

Observatoire du Sahara et du Sahel, Sahel and Sahara Observatory Accredited Entity(ies) (AE): (OSS)

Date of first submission/ [2020-02-13] [V.1] version number:

Date of current submission/ [[2020-02-13] [V.1] version number

Please submit the completed form to [email protected], using the following name convention in the subject line and file name: “CN-[Accredited Entity or Country]-YYYYMMDD”

PROJECT / PROGRAMME CONCEPT NOTE Template V.2.2

Notes • The maximum number of pages should not exceed 12 pages, excluding annexes. Proposals exceeding the prescribed length will not be assessed within the indicative service standard time of 30 days. • As per the Information Disclosure Policy, the concept note, and additional documents provided to the Secretariat can be disclosed unless marked by the Accredited Entity(ies) (or NDAs) as confidential. • The relevant National Designated Authority(ies) will be informed by the Secretariat of the concept note upon receipt. • NDA can also submit the concept note directly with or without an identified accredited entity at this stage. In this case, they can leave blank the section related to the accredited entity. The Secretariat will inform the accredited entity(ies) nominated by the NDA, if any. • Accredited Entities and/or NDAs are encouraged to submit a Concept Note before making a request for project preparation support from the Project Preparation Facility (PPF). • Further information on GCF concept note preparation can be found on GCF website Funding Projects Fine Print.

PROJECT / PROGRAMME CONCEPT NOTE Template V.2.2 GREEN CLIMATE FUND | PAGE 1 OF 4 A. Project/Programme Summary (max. 1 page) ☒ Project A.2. Public or private ☒ Public sector A.1. Project or programme ☐ Programme sector ☐ Private sector A.3. Is the CN submitted in ☐ Confidential Yes ☐ No ☒ A.4. Confidentiality1 response to an RFP? If yes, specify the RFP: ☒ Not confidential Mitigation: Reduced emissions from: ☐ Energy access and power generation ☐ Low emission transport ☐ Buildings, cities and industries and appliances A.5. Indicate the result ☐ Forestry and land use areas for the Adaptation: Increased resilience of: project/programme ☒ Most vulnerable people and communities ☒ Health and well-being, and food and water security ☐ Infrastructure and built environment ☐ Ecosystem and ecosystem services A.7. Estimated A.6. Estimated mitigation adaptation impact impact (tCO2eq over (number of direct 62,658 lifespan) beneficiaries and % of population) A.8. Indicative total project A.9. Indicative GCF Amount : USD Amount : 10,000,000 USD cost (GCF + co-finance) funding requested 9,500,000 A.10. Mark the type of financial instrument ☒ Grant ☐ Reimbursable grant ☐ Guarantees ☐ Equity requested for the GCF ☐ Subordinated loan ☐ Senior Loan ☐ Other: specify funding A.12. Estimated A.11. Estimated duration of a) disbursement period: 5 years project/ Programme 20 years project/ programme: b) repayment period, if applicable: lifespan A.13. Is funding from the Yes ☒ No ☐ ☐ A or I-1 Project Preparation Facility Other support received ☐ If so, by A.14. ESS category3 ☒ B or I-2 2 requested? who: ☐ C or I-3 A.15. Is the CN aligned with A.16. Has the CN been your accreditation Yes ☒ No ☐ shared with the NDA? Yes ☒ No ☐ standard? Yes ☒ No ☐ A.18. Is the CN A.17. AMA signed (if If no, specify the status of AMA included in the Entity Yes ☒ No ☐ submitted by AE) negotiations and expected date of Work Programme? signing: Mauritania is an arid LDC country whose bioclimatic context, aggravated by climate change, makes access to water a major challenge. Recurrent droughts, evapotranspiration, salinization and silting of oases make water resources scarce and A.19. Project/Programme often of poor quality. In the absence of resources, scientific information and an effective rationale, objectives and institutional framework, the Mauritanian State is struggling to provide the population, approach of particularly Saharan and women, with satisfactory access to water. It is these challenges programme/project (max that this project aims to address according to an inclusive approach, through the Ministry 100 words) of Hydraulics and Sanitation as an executing agency with the technical assistance of the GWP-Med.

1 Concept notes (or sections of) not marked as confidential may be published in accordance with the Information Disclosure Policy (Decision B.12/35) and the Review of the Initial Proposal Approval Process (Decision B.17/18). 2 See here for access to project preparation support request template and guidelines 3 Refer to the Fund’s environmental and social safeguards (Decision B.07/02)

PROJECT / PROGRAMME CONCEPT NOTE Template V.2.2 GREEN CLIMATE FUND | PAGE 2 OF 4 B. Project/Programme Information (max. 8 pages) B.1. Context and baseline (max. 2 pages)

Located between the 15th and 27th degrees of North Latitude and the 5th and 18th degrees of West Longitude over an area of approximately 1, 030,000 km² and a coastline of more than 700 Km., the Islamic Republic of Mauritania can be considered as a link between North Africa and sub-Saharan Africa. The population is estimated at 4.42 million in 2017 according to the World Bank. The poverty level in rural areas is around 60%, with 30% of the population living in extreme poverty. With an estimated GDP of USD 1,305 per capita in 2018 and an annual GDP growth rate of 3.10% (World Bank 2019), Mauritania is classified as a Least Developed Country (LDC). Its Human Development Index (HDI) (0.520) ranks it 159th in 2018 (UNDP). This level of poverty is reflected in the low rate of access to water, which is 61%, while the equipment rate is 12%. The latter reflects the small number of hydraulic structures. To this must be added the high water needs for livestock and agriculture. Rural areas lag behind urban areas in terms of access to safe drinking water, with a strong impact on the prevalence of waterborne diseases for the most vulnerable and women. Limited access to water is a priority for women, more than two thirds of whom spend more than 30 minutes a day to access the water point, mainly in rural areas. Climate hazardss at the national level Observed changes. Mauritania is one of the countries hardest hit by the drought cycles of recent decades due to its situation in the Saharo-Sahelian zone and its large coastal fringe. The average annual temperature has increased by 0.9°C since 1960. The rate of temperature increase is faster during the hot and dry season. Since 1960, there has been an increase in the number of hot nights and days and a decrease in the number of cold nights. Precipitation has shown a general downward trend from 0.5 to 2 mm/year. At the same time, the length of the dry period increases by an average of 23 days per decade. Projected changes. Most of the long-term projections (2071-2100) at national level predict a significant temperature increase for all months of the year, ranging from 2 to 6 degrees Celsius respectively depending on the scenario considered, optimistic or pessimistic. The average annual temperature is expected to increase by 2.1°C over the entire territory by 2050 and by 4.5°C by 2100 (QCN, 2019). With regard to annual precipitation, the climatic scenario for 2050 predict a decrease in rainfall of 17 to 20% compared to the 1961-1990 reference normal, which should be put into perspective, taking into account the limited and uneven increase in rainfall observed between 1990 and 2008 (IPCC). Climate hazards in the project area Observed changes in the mountain ecosystem in the project area. The project area corresponds to the Wilaya of Adrar (see map at annexe 1) which is a region covering 235,000 km², or 22.8% of the territory, with a population of 62,658 inhabitants in 2013. The ecosystem is very specific characterized by traditional oases, mountain oases in some areas. Between 2000 and 2013, the population growth rate entered a phase of decline with -0.8% largely due to the rural exodus to other Wilayas in Mauritania, which are economically and financially more attractive. The investments of this project will benefit to the 11 municipalities of the 4 Moughataas of Adrar, namely Aoujeft, Atar Chinguetii and Ouadane. The meteorological station located at Atar city is considered as the reference station for Adrar as it has the longest dat series. The average annual rainfall is 73.2 mm at Atar for the period 1960-2015. It is highly variable from one year to the next. From a temperature point of view, Atar has a continental-type thermal regime marked by high temperatures in summer. The annual average is 28.8°C. The project area includes two seasons: • a cold season from November to March with minimum temperatures in December and January of 14.9 and 13.6°C respectively; • a hot season from April to October with peaks above 40°C from June to September. The maximum average temperature for the period 1934 to 2017 varied between 34°C and 39.4°C, while the minimum fluctuated between 18.5 and 24°C. While the maximum and minimum temperatures for Atar station are increasing, there is a decrease in cold nights at Atar. Precipitation in the project area is drying out. Indeed, while three of the four wettest years observed at Atar were recorded before 1960, (1927, 2003, 1951 and 1957) three of the four driest years were observed after 1960 (1983, 1964, 1977 and 1982), with annual totals of 7.1 mm, 14.4 mm, 15.1 mm and 19 mm respectively. Although it increased slightly (78 mm) during the period 1981-2010, the normal decreased from 110 mm for the period 1931-1960 to 72 mm for the period 1960-1991. Drilling flows can be significant in some areas (5 to 20 m3/h), especially in continuous aquifers where the water quality is often good. In contrast, discontinuous aquifers have low flows and poor water quality. Groundwater is supplied by direct infiltration of rainwater or by lateral underground flows, and therefore, directly impacted by rainfall changes. However, the real potential of these water resources both at the national level and in the project’s area remains unknown and its accessibility difficult (INDC, 2015) while drinking water needs are increasing in a context of climate change. Domestic water needs are estimated in the wailaya at 2675 m3 of water per day in 20134. Today, they would be 2816 m3 per day. To these needs for drinking water, we must add those for irrigation water, livestock and industry. The wilaya have 24 drinking water infrastructures and 15 pumping stations. The equipment rate of the wilaya is estimated at 12%. Access to water is therefore a major challenge for the region, both for food and production.

Vulnerabilities of water resources to climate change in the Wilaya of Adrar. The challenge of water supply is all the more worrying as water resources are already affected by the effects of climate change. High evaporation due to high temperatures and winds, increasingly severe low water levels (early drying of water

4 Direction de l’Aménagement du Territoire (DAT). 2017. Monographie de la Wilaya de l’Adrar. Juillet 2017

PROJECT / PROGRAMME CONCEPT NOTE Template V.2.2 GREEN CLIMATE FUND | PAGE 3 OF 4 points such as ponds, wells, etc.), increased runoff and water erosion, the decrease of water recharge, lower piezometric levels, salinization of groundwater due to the series of droughts and silting of rivers associated with strong winds due to climate change, all affect availability and access to water resources. In addition, 80% of the surface water retention structures, located in 9 Wilayas, including the Adrar, require renovation work due to, among others, erosive runoff from torrential rains. Futhermore, several boreholes require deepening and rehabilitation or replacement to ensure pumping from higher depths because of the significant drop in groundwater levels induced by the reduction of recharge. Also, several boreholes were abandoned due to their salinization; limiting hence access to drinking water for thousands of people. According to the Third National Communication and the Fourth National Communication (TCN, 2014 & QCN, 2019), it is expected that the impacts of climate change on water resources will be significant and will result in a general decrease in water resources in the order of 10 to 15%, with the following consequences: (i) a decrease in runoff of about 10% between 2000 and 2020; (ii) an increase in evapotranspiration and a deterioration in water quality; (iii) a decrease in piezometric levels and an increase in salinity of waters in coastal areas and in discontinuous aquifers currently overexploited; (iv) a disruption of the wadi regime and a reduction in the filling capacity of dams due to concentrated rainfall and accelerated siltation by water erosion in highly exposed watersheds; and (v) warmer, less aerated, lower-flow surface waters and thus a reduction in their powers to dilute and biodegrade certain pollutants, etc. (TNC, 2014 & QCN, 2019). In 40 years' time, climate change will lead to the degradation of the oasis system with the gradual subsidence of the aquifer and the possible gradual drying up of the Senegal River (TCN, 2014 & QCN, 2019). Alignment with national priorities. This project, entitled "Improving water security for communities living in the mountain ecosystems of the wilaya of Adrar in a context of climate change in Mauritania" is included in the GCF Country Programme. It contributes directly to the achievement of the objectives of the various national planning documents. The construction of boreholes, water towers, reservoirs and linear structures contributes directly to the priorities of the NAPA (2004), namely: "construction of flood control structures in rainfed and oasis areas"; "reorganization of populations affected by climate change". Activities to improve the availability of water resources in project component 2 are aligned with the priority of the National Determined Contribution (NDC) on water resources management. Indeed, the NDC includes the following adaptation infrastructures for a total cost of US$9,377.4 billion, including US$1.5 billion for the water and sanitation sector (NDC, 2015):

• 300 boreholes (150 at depths higher than 200 m) for aquifer exploration, which can be transformed into exploitation boreholes and/or piezometers; • the realization of hydrogeological assessments and water resource assessment in difficult or vulnerable areas and the extension of regular monitoring to all catchment areas with the remote transmission system; • the implementation of the drinking water supply projects in 4 wilayas in the northern part of the country • the implementation of desalination projects for coastal and other areas, • the construction of 2500 small isolated drinking water supply networks in rural areas equipped with solar energy • strengthening the institutional and technical capacities of national and local structures in planning, financing and implementing climate change adaptation measures, • strengthening the resilience of natural ecosystems to the effects of climate change, • integrated and sustainable rehabilitation and management of wetlands against the effects of climate change, • the development of small water bodies on pilot sites. The project is well aligned with the Water and Sanitation Sector Development Strategy (SNADEA 2016-2030): Component 1 of the project on upgrading the water sector governance framework, which aims to integrate climate risk into governance frameworks, is aligned with Axis 4 of the SNADEA, which corresponds to "Improving Sector Governance". Component 2 is exactly in line with Axes 1 and 2 of the Development Strategy for the Water and Sanitation Sector (SNADEA 2016-2030). It contributes to one of the actions of Axis 1, which consists in "intensifying investment in the field of surface water mobilization (dams, lakes, ponds, retention basins, etc.) to meet the demand for different water uses". The outputs of component 2, which seek to improve storage, mobilization and distribution capacities on the one hand, and to improve integrated water resources management capacities on the other, are also in line with the following activities of Axis 2 of the National Strategy, namely "more equitable access to drinking water in peripheral and poor neighbourhoods by extending networks and promoting direct connections in Nouakchott and the Wilayas"; "the upgrading of distribution systems and the strengthening of production capacities in order to increase water supply in urban, semi- urban and rural areas" and "the consideration of water needs for domestic livestock and market gardening with the objective of rationalizing the use of the resource". Component 3 on water resources management planning based on scientific knowledge, through its activities to establish or strengthen the hydrometeorological and piezometric system, contributes to the following actions of the National Strategy: "complete knowledge of water resources and produce hydrogeological synthesis maps at appropriate scales for the whole country"; "ensure the monitoring of water resources"; "ensure concerted management at the regional level by involving the various stakeholders, in particular the municipalities and regional services, in water resource management and services at the level of each Wilayas and in the arbitration of conflicts that may arise on water-related issues". The activities of this component 3 also contribute to the priority of the NAPA (2004) on "better knowledge of surface water regimes for 20 basins". Overall, the activities planned through this project also contribute to the implementation of all the priority axes identified in the Action Plan for the consolidation of monitoring and evaluation systems for water resources, drinking water supply,

PROJECT / PROGRAMME CONCEPT NOTE Template V.2.2 GREEN CLIMATE FUND | PAGE 4 OF 4 hygiene and sanitation in Mauritania (M&E Action Plan RE-AEPHA). The project is also in line with the priorities defined in the National Strategy for Environment and Sustainable Development and its action plan for the period 2017-2021, namely the National Action Plan for Environment and Sustainable Development (PANEDD). Component 2 of this project reinforces the achievement of sub-theme 2 "Reasonable and integrated water resources management" of Thematic Axis 2.1 "Sustainable management and enhancement of terrestrial natural resources by integrating climate change" found in Strategic Axis 2 "Integrated and sustainable management of natural resources and terrestrial biodiversity (green environment')". The country has adopted its Strategy for Accelerated Growth and Shared Prosperity (SCAPP) for the period 2016-2030, which serves as an overall reference framework for all the country's development policies and strategies. The activities planned in this project will contribute to the three pillars of this strategy: (i) Promoting strong, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, (ii) Developing human capital and (iii) Strengthening governance in all its dimensions. Barriers Despite the strong political will expressed through the objectives defined in the various national planning documents, there are still some barriers that hinder the achievement of these national and sectoral objectives but also limit the resilience of the water sector to climate risks in Mauritania. They are of several kinds : - Scientific. This barrier refers to insufficient knowledge of the water resource. Little research has been done to determine the country's water reserves. As a result, the National Water Resources Centre (CNRE) that gives authorizations for drilling often does not have the necessary prior knowledge to do so. This obstacle hinders enormousely water resource planning and management, which is essential to build the sector's resilience to climate change. - Social: Access to the various WASH services shows social inequity. The constraints of development and adaptation to climate change in the water sector have led to significant migratory movements that have emptied the project area of its youth. Only women, children and the elderly are left behind. The water deficit therefore affects more these social groups. Also, the fact that women are socially responsible for the supply of water to households also exposes them more intensely compared to men to the scarcity of water resources due, inter alia, to repeated droughts and increased evaporation. This is more valid during the harvest period of dates called "guetna". Population and consequently needs in water of the oasis villages increase substantially during this period. This temporary but annual change in local demographics increases women’s vulnerability to climate change. - Institutional: The weaknesses and dysfunctions of the institutional framework. The landscape of water sector institutions involved in climate action in Mauritania is characterized by lack of coordination, overlap and lack of capacity (technical, human and financial). While Mauritania’s institutional framework shows that appropriate institutions for climate action are in place in the water sector, it should be stressed that most institutional interventions/actions are not adequately coordinated. This does not promote efficiency of action against climate change. The institutions involved in climate action are also under-equipped to carry out their mission. They suffer from a lack of staff with the knowledge and skills to understand and respond appropriately to the impacts of climate change. There are also problems of actors roles overlapping as well as an absence of an integrated water resources management framework and a formalized dialogue for the coordination of activities in the WASH sector. - Regulatory and political. From a regulatory point of view, existing texts and regulations need to be reviewed to integrate the issue of climate risk management. These regulatory adjustments will allow water sector institutions to take into account the complexity and multiplicity of the new challenges posed by climate change. Water sector planning documents such as the Water and Sanitation Policy and the Water and Sanitation Sector Development Strategy have often been developed in an approach that does not sufficiently integrate climate change. As a result, these instruments that guide government action do not allow the government and its structures to adequately integrate climate action. An effort will be made through the National Adaptation Plan to overcome this gap at the intersectoral scale and will have to be strengthened within the Water sector. - Technical: There are obvious limitations related to the current drinking water systems and to the practices of water management and use. The reduced storage capacity puts under risk the continuity of the supply service, particularly in the presence of limited and variable drilling flows. Leakages in drinking water networks are high and are estimated at more than 50% due among others to damages caused by salinity and runoff from heavy rainfall. There are also many water losses due to irrational and bad practices of water management and use that do not promote water savings. The low level of equipment in the area, estimated at 12%, reflects the dependency of a large number of the population on traditional wells that are highly exposed to climate hazards (drying up of wells in periods of drought, water contamination and health risks during floods). In addition, the large use of thermal pumping requires a daily supply of fuel and maintenance, which increases water production costs and at the same time contributes to increased greenhouse gas emissions. Solar pumps are more stable and easier to manage, even if they function only works during the day. All these technical deficiencies and inefficient practices do not make it possible to control the impacts of climate change and secure water supplies in the region. - Financial: Water actors and public operators such as the National Company for Water Distribution (SNDE), the National Office for Water Services in Rural Areas (ONSER), the National Water Resources Centre (CNRE) face

PROJECT / PROGRAMME CONCEPT NOTE Template V.2.2 GREEN CLIMATE FUND | PAGE 5 OF 4 difficulties to generate required financial resources and cover the services costs due to the regulatory and technical barriers mentioned above. Furthermore, rural communities, according to Mauritania’s third communication (2018), are among the most vulnerable and poorest. They do not have the financial resources to adopt climate-resilient techniques/practices in the water sector. This is even more true in the desertic regions of the north where natural resources are limited. Furthermore, this region attracts less donors and financial flows for development aid compared to the other regions of the country. As a result, the Government of Mauritania is struggling to provide the necessary investments and overcome the financial gap for this region. For this reason, this project is being submitted to the Green Climate Fund. - Organisational: Tackling the climate challenges facing Mauritania requires a high level of 5rganization of local communities. Indeed, the complexity of environmental problems makes individual strategies, which have so far predominated in the project area despite the few experiences of community organization, ineffective. This lack of organization at community level is a real obstacle preventing the reinforcement of the water sector resilience to climate extremes. The level of 5rganization of local policy makers and water operators is crucial in the response to climate change in the water sector. In this respect, the unfinished process of decentralization, which is expected to be enhanced with the recent establishment of the Regional Development Councils, is blocking the ownership of climate action at local level. Where relevant, and particularly for private sector project/programme, please describe the key characteristics and dynamics of the sector or market in which the project/programme will operate. Not applicable. B.2. Project/Programme description (max. 3 pages) The objective of the project is to strengthen the resilience of communities living in the desertic mountain ecosystems through the enhancement of their water security in the wilaya of Adrar in the North of Mauritania. The theory of change is provided in annex 2. The project is structured around three components as follows: COMPONENT 1: STRENGTHENING WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORKS IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE (Outcome 1: The institutional framework for water resources management is more operational and better adapted to the context of climate change and variability) Climate change poses new and complex challenges to States. Tackling these challenges requires a revision of the management frameworks of the various sectors in a harmonized way. This component is proposed to upgrade water resources management governance frameworks in Mauritania. Governance and management frameworks refer to institutions, laws, regulations and policies at different levels of decision-making. Output 1.1. Institutional, legal and policy frameworks for water resources management and governance in response to climate hazards are upgraded and improved Activities : 1.1.1. Upgrade the institutional, regulatory and legal frameworks for governance and management of the water sector for effective integration of climate change. The activity reinforces the government's ongoing action to revise the regulatory framework by focusing in particular on identifying gaps in the various frameworks that hinder the effectiveness of government action to promote climate change resilience in the water sector. The activity will also include improving thematic dialogue on water resources and climate resilience and pooling resources between stakeholders (national and regional level) 1.1.2. Implement water governance and management methods adapted to the local climatic and socio-economic context. The aim is to establish rational water management that takes into account and aims to reduce water resources decrease impacts due to reduced rainfall. The aim is also to reduce non-revenue water in order to ensure the financial sustainability of water services. To this end, water services management modes and related measures to improve the performance of public utilities as well as community and private operators will be proposed. A maintenance plan for water supply networks, a manual for monitoring and evaluating public water services in the context of climate change, a monitoring and evaluation system for water operators will be developed, and the BADIHA database in the regional departments of hydraulics of Adrar will be updated and operationalized. The project will seek to engage the existing structures that can be involved in the water services management, such as water users associations, the Collective Interest Groups that were created as part of the Programme for Sustainable Development in the Oasis (PDDO). Climate change is reducing groundwater reserves. This activity aims to establish good governance practices based on rationalizing resource use. 1.1.3. Develop an IWRM Plan for the Wilaya of Adrar through the activation of the Water Regional Council as a platform for consultation and engagement of local and national stakeholders. 1.1.4. Develop and implement a communication strategy for the water sector in the context of climate change in the Wilaya of Adrar. 1.1.5. Organise an advocacy campaign targeting decision-makers (at central and local levels) on the implementation of necessary changes in the policy, legal and regulatory frameworks in the water sector (based on the diagnosis made and on the revision of the regulatory framework) 1.1.6. Strengthen the capacities of the environmental structures in charge of coordinating the Climate Change program within the Ministry of Environment toward: - the implementation of actions supporting adaptation mainstreaming in the development plans of the Municipalities as well as adaptation financing planning and monitoring

PROJECT / PROGRAMME CONCEPT NOTE Template V.2.2 GREEN CLIMATE FUND | PAGE 6 OF 4 - climate change mainstreaming into planning tools/instruments (sectoral water policy, sectoral development strategy, action plans, methodological guide for public policy development) while ensuring consistency with the NAP 1.1.7. Strengthen the capacities of the staff of the National Water Resources Centre and the Ministry of Hydraulics in modeling to improve the knowledge of the available water resources in the country Output 1.2. The technical capacities of institutions in charge of water supply are developed to tackle climate hazards Activities: 1.2.1. Organize capacity building sessions for water actors on the integration of meteorological data and climate risk into planning as well as on methods, techniques and tools for optimizing the management of water resources and services 1.2.2. Organize 2 field visits (to Morocco and Tunisia) on the management of water networks and on the creation of individual/collective cisterns in connection with activity 2.2.1. 1.2.3. Strengthen the capacities of local policy makers of the Regional Development Council and the advisory bodies of the Regional Water Council on climate risks mainstreaming in water policies implementation COMPONENT 2: BETTER ACCESS TO WATER AND PROMOTION OF GOOD PRACTICES IN WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT ARE ACHIEVED (Outcome 1: Water mobilization infrastructure is improved and good water resource management practices are promoted) This component is proposed to address the problem of water scarcity due to reduced rainfall and reduce the randomness of access to the service. It consists in developing structures and infrastructures to increase the mobilization of the groundwater resource but also to make it available for domestic use. Thus, boreholes, water towers, reservoirs, delivery pipes and extension of supply will be built in the cities and communities of the wilaya of Adrar. Two results are expected through this component: (i) strengthening storage, mobilization and supplycapacities and improving network management, (ii) strengthening communities' adaptive capacities through integrated water resources management and organizational development practices. Output 2.1. Storage, mobilisation and supply capacities in Adrar are extended and network management improved Activities 2.1.1. Put in place climate resilient and low carbon water pumping systems. It consists on building 3 new boreholes in Atar, 3 new boreholes in Aoujeft, 2 new boreholes in Chinguitti and 2 new boreholes in Ouadane. In Atar, among the 5 boreholes, 02 will be equipped with solar pumps and 3 with hybrid pumps (solar and thermal). Among the 3 boreholes in Aoujeft, 2 will be equipped with solar pumps and 1 with submersible pump. In Chinguitti and Ouadane, 2 boreholes will be respectivey equipped with solar pumps. 2.1.2. Develop climate-smart water storage systems.It consists on building in Atar 1 reservoir (with a capacity of 1000 m3), 1 water tower (with a capacity of 200 m3), in Aoujeft 1 reservoir (with a capacity of 500 m3), 1 water tower (with a capacity of 100m3), in Chniguitti 1 water tower (with a capacity of 200m3) and Ouadane 1 water tower (with a capacity of 200m3). 2.1.3. Implement a water distribution system to reduce the deficit of access to drinking water associated with climate change. To do this, the project will realize Put in place 45 km of pipelines (30 km for pressure delivery, 15km of extension and 20 km of rehabilitation/reinforcement of supply network). 2.1.4. Develop a drinking water supply system to ensure water security in 20 rural localities in a context of drought frequency and intensity increase. The project will support the creation or deepening of boreholes, the establishment or strengthening of storage capacities and distribution systems, this will cover 15 existing drinking water systems (5 at Atar and 5 at Aoujeft, 3 at Chinguitti, 2 at Ouadane) and 5 new creations of drinking water systems. Output 2.2. Demonstrations of small and medium-scale climate change adaptation practices for water resources management are implemented in the Wilaya of Adrar Activities : 2.2.1. Organize demonstration actions for the construction of individual and/or collective cisterns in Adrar 2.2.2. Carry out community works (slowdown weirs, windbreaks and other techniques of erosion control) to combat runoff and silting of lowlands, promote groundwater recharge, and collect and use rainwater by the rehabilitation of 40 ha of watersheds and degraded soils through defensive techniques and soil restoration in the four mouqataas. 2.2.3. Rehabilitate rainfed agriculture in the Graras (water depressions) through soil restoration, desilting and construction activities to increase flow of runoff to the graras and its protection against silting and erosion 2.2.4. Establish and strengthen the capacities of 40 Producers Groups (i.e. Associations for Participative Management of Oases, Associations for the Management of Natural Resources, etc.) on integrated water resources management (IWRM) to improve water savings, mitigate the drastic drop in the level of traditional wells and improve crops yields 2.2.5. Establish and support community committees responsible of works management inspired from the successful approach of the Sustainable Oasis Development Project (PDDO) 2.2.6. Set up the management structures for the 5 newly created water supply networks in rural areas, 2.2.7. Train local committee members and private operators in the Wilaya of Adrar on integrated water resource management, management/maintenance techniques, organizational development and financial analysis to

PROJECT / PROGRAMME CONCEPT NOTE Template V.2.2 GREEN CLIMATE FUND | PAGE 7 OF 4 ensure users’ and payment monitoring (affordability and cost recovery analyses, customer inventory and monitoring, accounting, billing, etc.) 2.2.8. Conduct awareness-raising activities (workshops, meetings, networking) targeting local authorities, extension services and communities for the adoption and dissemination of good adaptation practices at the local level. This activity will be inspired and make use of PDDO's extension mechanism. COMPONENT 3: KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT This component consists on the generation and dissemination of reliable scientific information and knowledge on water resources quantity and quality. The component also covers activities related to documentation of good practices and lessons learnt. Therefore, the component addresses the lack of reliable knowledge on: (i) the state of water resources, especially with the recurrent droughts that have affected the resource; and (ii) the vulnerability of water resources to climate change and its security. (Outcome 1: Water resources management planning is based on scientific knowledge and the knowledge gained is shared to promote replication) Output 3.1. Knowledge and information on water resources are improved and disseminated Activities : 3.1.1. Create 4 new automatic agro-meteorological stations and 35 direct-reading rainfall stations 3.1.2. Set up 15 automatic recording piezometers: 4 at Atar, 5 at Aoujeft, 3 at Chinguitti and 3 at Ouadane 3.1.3. Build 20 weirs for flows and water yields measirung and undertake, as a pilot case, a hydrological study and an assessment of the impact of rainfall patterns variations in the project area. 3.1.4. Acquire equipment and software to initiate hydrogeological modelling of Adrar aquifers in order to inform the decision making for water pumping authorizations 3.1.5. Document aquifers status and exploitation through adequate data archiving, processing and sharing including the production of an annual yearbook Output 3.2. New products based on lessons learned for decision-makers, communities and development partners generated and disseminated Activities : 3.2.1. Develop awareness and training materials for users and beneficiaries on climate change 3.2.2. Develop a replication plan, that integrates the changes proceeded in plans and programmes and includes financing mechanisms for scale-up/replication 3.2.3. Raise awareness among parliamentarians, local elected authorities, journalists and other stakeholders on: (i) climate change risks to water sector; and (ii) lessons learned from the project to identify and tackle climate change impacts and ptromote and effective adaptation in the water sector. 3.2.4. Disseminate the lessons of the project through a short informative radio segment on local radios 3.2.5. Disseminate the knowledge products resulting from the project in paper and electronic form in national and international platforms and meetings

Describe in what way the Accredited Entity(ies) is well placed to undertake the planned activities and what will be the implementation arrangements with the executing entity(ies) and implementing partners. This GCF project has been officially approved by the Technical Committee of Projects Endorsment within the Ministry of Environement and Sustainable Development, the National Designated Authority (NDA) and endorsed by the GCF Focal Point. The project will be anchored in the Directorate of Hydraulics, that will act as the Executing agency with the technical assistance of the the Global Water Partnership-Mediterranean (GWP-Med). The Sahel and Sahara Observatory (OSS) will ensure the role of the Accredited Agency. OSS is an international institution with an African vocation accredited by the Green Climate Fund. OSS has a long and solid experience in the management and implementation of natural resource management projects in response to climate change, particularly in the water sector. A Steering Committee will be set-up. It will be chaired by the Secretary General of the Ministry of Hydraulics and Sanitation, and will include the Ministries of Environment, Agriculture, Women, the Interior and Decentralization, representatives of the organizations of the civil society, and local communities, etc. Metings will be held eaxh six months to oversee the following aspects: (i) technical and financial management of the project; ii) key performance indicators of the project; and iii) overall strategic orientation of the project. Execution Entity (EE) - Project Management Unit (PMU) The Executing Entity (EE) of this project will be the Directorate of Hydraulics (DH) at the Ministry of Hydraulics and Sanitation. The executing entity is responsible to OSS for the project management, including monitoring and evaluation of project interventions, achievement of project results and resource efficiency. The Director of Hydraulics will be the National Director of the project. He/she will provide overall institutional support and facilitate high-level coordination of project activities with other government institutions. The DH will host the Project Management Unit (PMU) and appoint a Project Coordinator (PC), paid for by the project, to coordinate the PMU and project operations. The role of the PMU will be to coordinate the day-to-day activities of the project between OSS, GWP-Med and the relevant stakeholders. Monthly meetings will be organized by the PMU to facilitate this coordination. The PMU will be held responsible to the Mauritanian Government. The responsibilities of the PC will include: i) supervision of the on the ground implementation of the project activities; (ii) the technical management of the project in accordance with the budget and work plan, in accordance with the national

PROJECT / PROGRAMME CONCEPT NOTE Template V.2.2 GREEN CLIMATE FUND | PAGE 8 OF 4 procedures while ensuring compliance with the GCF and OSS guidelines; and (iii) close collaboration with the national and local authorities to ensure that the the project is effectively managed at the local level. At the OSS level, a Task Manager (TM) will assume the responsibility for the project supervision and monitoring. TheTM will also ensure coherence with national regulations while ensuring compliance to GCF and OSS policies and procedures, while: i) participating in the six-months Steering Committee meetings; (ii) facilitating the mid-term and final evaluations of the project; iii) approving and validating progress and review reports of project implementation; (iv) undertaking the technical review of the project deliverables; v) preparing disbursement requests. OSS will ensure that project activities are aligned with the policies and priorities of the GCF and the Government of Mauritania (GoM). The GWP-Med, in accordance with the agreement that it will sign with the Directorate of Hydraulics, will ensure the technical assistance role. It will make available its expertise and experience in the field of Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) and Climate Resilience for the Directorate of Hydraulics and will responsible of the implementation of specific activities of the project as indicated in the agreement. It will provide the technical and financial activity reports as stipulated in the agreement with the Directorate of Hydraulics. Brief overview of the key financial and operational risks and any mitigation measures identified at this stage: Catégories de Description Niveau Probabi Mesures d’atténuation risque du lité risque Financial and Insufficient financial Medium High • Memoranda of understanding with management resources due to price suppliers to avoid price changes increases and/or exchange • Co-financing of activities rate fluctuations • Anticipate a fluctuation in the costing Operational Lack or low ownership of the Low Low • Adopt an inclusive approach by involving proposed activities all stakeholders without exception. • Communicate well on the project objectives Environmental The project's infrastructure Medium Medium • Take into account wind roses and the and equipment are taken dynamics of strong winds or sandstorms as out of service by natural part of an environmental and social impact disasters (strong winds, study supported by a management plan flooding by sandstorms, associated with the design and etc.) construction of infrastructure and equipment

B.3. Expected project results aligned with the GCF investment criteria (max. 3 pages) Potential impact: The project has a significant climate impact because it contributes significantly to the achievement of climate resilient development. In relation to climate change adaptation, the potential impact of the project is measured by its contribution to securing water supply, a vehicle for promoting sustainable and resilient development. Indeed, the population of Adrar will directly benefit from strengthening their livelihoods against climate extremes, especially women and youth. By involving women and youth in the fight against climate change, the project will reduce social inequalities and at the same time strengthen resilience. The project will also contribute to the development of tourism in the area in the absence of random and unsecured access to water. In addition, infrastructure will be built to withstand the effects of extreme events. Furthermore, the awareness-raising and training sessions on adaptation practices to climate impacts on water resources that the project will organize will promote knowledge about climate change, its impacts and the required adaptation measures. Paradigm shift, In order to catalyse the impact of the project beyond the Green Climate Fund investment, it is essential that the project's impacts are multiplied and replicated elsewhere without necessarily mobilizing the same additional investments. The revenues generated by the project will allow the beneficiaries to invest in other less climate-sensitive activities to increase their revenues. This scaling up will be facilitated by the knowledge sharing activities that will be implemented and supported by the project. By strengthening the regulatory and policy frameworks in component 1 and the level of community organization in the project area in component 2, this project contributes to a paradigm shift to the extent that these governance and management frameworks play a pivotal role for up-scaling and hence for transformational change. The knowledge-sharing activities planned in component 3, more specifically in output 3.3: "New products based on lessons learned for decision-makers, communities and development partners generated and disseminated" contribute to an evolution towards a new climate resilient development model in the water sector in Mauritania. By contributing to stopping the rural exodus of men in search of jobs, this could be replicated by other producers, other regions and other sectors, especially in the neighboring Wilayas. In addition, the internalisation of the approaches applied by the project for the IWRM plan preparation in the wilaya of Adrar will assist in evolving the sectoral planning processes towards more inclusive processes (better integration of local and regional stakeholders bases on a participatory approach) and science- based informed processes (knowledge of the state of resources as well as needs assessment while considering climate change projections and future scenarios). Sustainable development, The sustainable development potential, in other words, the opportunities that this project offers for the co-benefits of sustainable development, are significant and can be measured in terms of environmental and socio-economic benefits.

PROJECT / PROGRAMME CONCEPT NOTE Template V.2.2 GREEN CLIMATE FUND | PAGE 9 OF 4 Through component 2 that includes sustainable practices for adaptation and management of water resources, the project generates improvement of the quantity and quality of water and reduction of water losses due to bad practices. This same component, by preserving the natural resources capital (water & soil), contributes to improving agricultural productivity and consequently to increasing yields and food and nutritional security. This impact of the project is all the more important as it will improve children's health. Health and safety gains for women and men are also noted. Needs of recipients, Mauritania is an African country in the group of LDCs that is particularly vulnerable with the majority of lands are desertic (90%). Climate conditions are difficult for both humans and animals and livelihoods sustainability depends largely on the vital resources such as water as well as their proper management. Especially in rural areas, the two dominant livelihoods (agriculture and pastoralism) are highly dependent on climatic conditions and are among the most vulnerable. The project's intervention area (wilaya of Adrar) located in the middle of the Sahara Desert and in the particular mountainous ecosystem, is characterized by low rainfall, intense evaporation and difficult socio-economic conditions, thus challenging people's lifestyles and livelihoods. With a population of 62,658 inhabitants (mostly women) and a density of 0.9 inhabitants per km², the Wilaya of Adrar is an arid or Saharan area (less than 100 mm/year) with high male migration. Problems of access to drinking water are acute: 49.2% of rural households have access to water from wells without a pump. Women's vulnerability is generally much higher than that of men. This is due to the lower level of women’s education, the limited opportunities to earn money outside agriculture and small livestock farming, and women’s responsibility for children and household management, especially during their husbands' absence (temporary or permanent). The Mauritanian Government has shown real political will to address all these vulnerable situations. Its priorities included sustainable agricultural development, the preservation of ecosystems in oasis areas, access to water and electricity, but also financial services and a strengthening of the land tenure system. However, the Government's action remains hampered by institutional, legal, social, technical, technological and financial barriers. These can be reflected in the difficulties of mobilizing financing and investment to meet the challenges, in particular that water table decrease accelerated by climate change leads to higher costs of water infrastructure and operation (pumping, water transfer and supply, storage, etc.), the lack of training and mentoring of local actors (particularly associations for the participatory management of oases), insufficient extension due to the lack of qualified technical staff and poor coordination of institutional actors. This project seeks to remove these barriers and strengthen the resilience of the poorest and most vulnerable segments of the population. It is based on the priorities defined by the Mauritanian Government in the development strategies and dedicates particular emphasis on strengthening institutional capacities (technical, material and organizational) both at the national and local levels. It targets the wilaya of Adrar in the northern mountainous oasis regions of the country and aims to enhance water mobilization capacity to reduce oasis production systems vulnerability and improve drinking water supply. Country ownership This project proposal focuses on real priorities, identified by Mauritania within the framework of the 2015 INDC, and through its strategies and action plans at the various levels (national, local and sectoral). The project is in line with the orientations of the SCAPP (Strategy for Accelerated Growth and Shared Prosperity) and the Development Strategy for the Water and Sanitation Sector of Mauritania, both of which attach crucial importance to the governance of the water sector and the development of Integrated Water Resources Management. This project is included in the list of projects selected in the Mauritania Country Programme to GCF. Most of of the ongoing adaptation projects and programmes in agriculture place a strong focus on water resources: - development and rehabilitation of 12,000 ha of irrigated areas; - construction of 5 large dams and several small dams and other types of runoff retention structures; - revival of irrigated agriculture in Foum Gleïta for 1,950 ha, of which 800 ha have already been completed; - development and rehabilitation of hydraulic axes (cleaning and sedge cutting) to improve the water conditions of the tributaries of the Senegal River; - development of the Aftout Saheli channel for the irrigation of 16,000 ha; - rehabilitation of infrastructures in the wilaya of Trarza; - Integrated Water Resources Management /IWRM Project supported by the World Bank /IDA; - The project of the development of R'KIZ Eastern Basin and the transition area (2016-2018) supported by SDF; - Project for the development of basic infrastructure in arid rural areas of Mauritania, Oasis component (2014- 2018) supported by the FADES; - Programme to combat poverty in South Aftout and Karakoro (PASKII) supported by IFAD and GEF, The same applies to "Projects and programmes to improve the sustainable management of natural resources". These projects focus mainly on the protection, conservation and recovery of agricultural land and water (CES/DRS work) as well as the management and development of watersheds and wetlands. This is in addition to the ongoing or planned adaptation actions in the water sector, which are part of the Ministry of Hydraulics' action plan and whose financing needs are estimated at 450 million US Dollars for the period 2015-2020 and 1,500 million US Dollars for the period 2020-2030. This project is therefore part of a favourable national context that will facilitate the engagement of relevant stakeholders involved in water resources management. It benefits from strong support from the Ministry of Hydraulics, which is the main partner, but also from the Designated National Authority and all the Departments active in rural areas and the local authorities. Furthermore, this concept note was developed in consultation with the various stakeholders including civil society organisations in the sector, central and decentralised government structures, local authorities, etc. This participatory

PROJECT / PROGRAMME CONCEPT NOTE Template V.2.2 GREEN CLIMATE FUND | PAGE 10 OF 4 process, which will be expanded and enhanced during the preparation of the full project document, contributes to the national ownership of the project. Efficiency and effectiveness The financing plan including the instrument is adapted to the national context of the Least Developed Countries (LDCs), including Mauritania. Indeed, given the recurrent budget deficit, the financial instrument chosen, namely the grant, is the most appropriate to achieve the project objectives. The co-financing rate is 5 %. In addition, the project has a certain efficiency that is appreciated by the economic gains associated with IWRM and adaptation practices that will result in increased yields and incomes. In addition, the resources and means requested (financial and human) make it possible to carry out the activities and achieve the objectives of the project to the extent that all the activities necessary to overcome the barieres and address the effects of climate hazards have been integrated in this project thanks to the diversity of opinions of specialists in the sector during the stakeholders consultation process. This project will be built and capitalize the good results of other projects such as the PDDO, PDRC, etc. which will promote the achievement of the project's objectives by optimizing the use of the resources mobilized. B.4. Engagement among the NDA, AE, and/or other relevant stakeholders in the country (max ½ page) The formulation of the project was based on a broad consultation process alternating interviews with key stakeholders, working sessions with institutions directly benefiting from the project and consultation workshops. The stakeholder engagement process at this stage of the concept note development involved, in addition to the NDA and the Directorate of Hydraulics, the Ministries of Environment, Agriculture, Rural Development, Women, the Adrar Region, the municipalities and several key civil society organizations and research institutions. All these stakeholders were consulted in order to integrate their views and concerns into the project activities during a workshop. The list of actors consulted during the formulation of the project is presented in annex 3. During the development phase of the full funding proposal, broader engagement with stakeholders will continue. Non- governmental organizations and civil society groups, in particular those involved in water sector projects, will also be consulted. In addition, further consultations will be conducted at the village level, particularly with women (including the group of heads of households) and youth, to ensure that project activities respond to the needs of local communities and contribute to the empowerment of women and youth and the reduction of their vulnerability to climate change. Water resource management technologies, appropriate climate-resilient agricultural practices will be identified in consultation with technical experts and local communities in Mauritania. C. Indicative Financing/Cost Information (max. 3 pages) C.1. Financing by components (max ½ page) Please provide an estimate of the total cost per component/output and disaggregate by source of financing. Component/Output Indicative GCF financing Co-financing cost Amount Financial Amount Financial Name of (USD) (USD) Instrument (USD) Instrument Institutions COMPONENT 1: 694,524 657,292 Grant 37,232 In Kind Ministry of Strengthening water Hydraulics resources managemet and and governance Sanitation frameworks in the context of Climate Change COMPONENT 2: 7,505,009 7,101,461 Grant 403,548 In Kind Ministry of Better access to water and Hydraulics promotion of good practices and in water resources Sanitation management are achieved COMPONENT 3: 1,100,467 1,041,247 Grant 59,220 In Kind Ministry of Knowledge management Hydraulics and Sanitation PMC 700,000 700,00 Grant Indicative total cost (USD) 10,000,000 9,500,000 500,000

For private sector proposal, provide an overview (diagram) of the proposed financing structure. C.2. Justification of GCF funding request (max. 1 page) Mauritania is particularly vulnerable due to its geographical location as a Sahelo-Saharan country. The country is subject to high climate variability and increasingly frequent and intense climate extremes. The main contributors to GDP, namely

PROJECT / PROGRAMME CONCEPT NOTE Template V.2.2 GREEN CLIMATE FUND | PAGE 11 OF 4 agriculture and livestock, are affected by these climatic hazards. All these factors expose Mauritania to an even higher level of vulnerability as it belongs to the group of least developed countries (LDCs). Farmers and herders, who constitute the majority group, suffer considerable damage during droughts and floods. These multiple challenges are considerable and complex. The multiplicity of challenges means that the resources needed for Mauritania to cope with these climate hazards are largely insufficient. Indeed, Mauritania's financial needs, which are estimated in the INDC at several billion dollars, exceed the country's capacities. Therefore, to achieve the objectives set out in the NDC, Mauritania expects a lot from its external partners. This is why the unconditional share of the NDC covered by own resources is so low, particularly the part reserved for the water sector in the area. In this context, the resources of the GCF are crucial to overcome the obstacles that hinder the Government of Mauritania's ability to increase resilience to the impacts of climate change in the water sector. C.3. Sustainability and replicability of the project (exit strategy) (max. 1 page) One of the first measures taken within the framework of this project to ensure its sustainability is related to the organizational development of communities. The project will ensure the establishment of structures that will be gain the ownership of the communities and within their management capacity. Improving communitie’s organizational management capacity will contribute to the sustainability of the project's activities. In addition, technical capacity building activities aimed at equipping water operators with facility management skills are one of the necessary conditions for the sustainability of the project's impacts. The fact that the project also aims to overcome the institutional, regulatory, legal and political gaps promotes ownership at the political, strategic and decision-making levels that are crucial to the sustainability of climate action. Also, the fact of having included capitalisation/knowledge management activities in the project is a guarantee of the project's sustainability. Furthermore, the results of the project will be disseminated by OSS, the Mauritanian Government and GWP-Med within and outside the framework of the climate change events organized in Mauritania and at international level. The project will identify, analyze and share lessons learned that could benefit the design and implementation of similar future projects. Finally, there will be an exchange of information and lessons learned between this project and other related projects in Mauritania, the subregion and at the international level. D. Supporting documents submitted (OPTIONAL) ☒ Map indicating the location of the project/programme ☒ Diagram of the theory of change ☐ Economic and financial model with key assumptions and potential stressed scenarios ☐ Pre-feasibility study ☐ Evaluation report of previous project ☐ Results of environmental and social risk screening

PROJECT / PROGRAMME CONCEPT NOTE Template V.2.2 GREEN CLIMATE FUND | PAGE 12 OF 4

Self-awareness check boxes

Are you aware that the full Funding Proposal and Annexes will require these documents? Yes ☒ No ☐ • Feasibility Study • Environmental and social impact assessment or environmental and social management framework • Stakeholder consultations at national and project level implementation including with indigenous people if relevant • Gender assessment and action plan • Operations and maintenance plan if relevant • Loan or grant operation manual as appropriate • Co-financing commitment letters Are you aware that a funding proposal from an accredited entity without a signed AMA will be reviewed but not sent to the Board for consideration? Yes ☒ No ☐

PROJECT / PROGRAMME CONCEPT NOTE Template V.2.2 GREEN CLIMATE FUND | PAGE 13 OF 4 Annex 1: Location and climate hazards in the project area

Figure 1 : Location map of the project area

Evolution de la pluviométrie à Atar 300

250

200

150

100

1938 1986 2014 1926 1930 1934 1942 1946 1950 1954 1958 1962 1966 1970 1974 1978 1982 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2018 1922

Figure 2 : Rainfall evolution for the period 1922 - 2018 at Atar station

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Evolution de la température moyenne maximale et minimale pour la station d'Atar 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0

0.0

1934 1937 1940 1943 1946 1949 1952 1955 1958 1961 1964 1967 1970 1973 1976 1979 1982 1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 2009 2012 2015

Tmax Tmin

Figure 3 : Maximal and minimal average temperatures evolution for the period 1934 - 2015 at Atar station

Figure 4 : Evolution of cold and hot nights in Mauritania for the period 1945-2010

PROJECT / PROGRAMME CONCEPT NOTE Template V.2.2 GREEN CLIMATE FUND | PAGE 15 OF 4 Annex 2: Theory of change of the project Streghtening the résilience of communities

living in the desertic mountains ecosystems e trough the enhancement of water security in Objectiv the wilaya of Adrar, Mauritania

The institutional framework for water Communities sustainable livelihoods

s resources management is more are strengthened through better Best practices and lessons learned operational and better adapted to the access to water and good water from the project are documented context of climate change and variability resources management practices in and disseminated

the project area

Expected Expected outcome

1.1 Institutional, legal and 1.2 The technical 2.1 Storage, mobilisation 2.2 Demonstrations of small 3.1. Knowledge and 3.2. New products based on policy frameworks for capacities of institutions in and supply capacities in and medium-scale climate information on water lessons learned for decision- water resources charge of water supply Adrar are extended and change adaptation practices for resources are improved makers, communities and management and are developed to tackle network management water resources management and disseminated development partners governance in response climate hazards improved are implemented in the Wilaya generated and disseminated to climate hazards are of Adrar upgraded and improved

Outputs

1.1.1 Upgrade the 1.2.1 Organize capacity 2.1.1 Build 3 new 2.2.1 Construct individual and 3.1.1 Create 4 new 3.2.1 Develop awareness institutional, regulatory building sessions for boreholes in Atar, 3 new collective cisterns in Adrar automatic agro- and training materials and legal frameworks for water actors boreholes in Aoujeft, 2 meteorological stations and 2.2.2 Carry out community works 3.2.2 Develop a replication water governance and new boreholes in 35 direct-reading rainfall 1.2.2 Organize 2 field to combat runoff and silting of plan management Chinguitti and 2 new stations visits (to Morocco and lowlands, promote groundwater boreholes in Ouadane. 1.1.2 Implement water Tunisia) on the recharge, and collect and use 3.1.2 Set up 15 automatic 3.2.3 Raise awareness among parliamentarians, governance modes management of water 2.1.2 Build in Atar 1 tank rainwater recording piezometers local elected authorities, adapted to CC networks and on the and 1 water tower, in creation of Aoujeft 1 tank and 1 water 2.2.3 Rehabilitate rainfed 3.1.3 Build 20 weirs for journalists and other 1.1.3 Develop an IWRM individual/collective tower, in Chniguitti 1 water agriculture in the Graras flows and water yields stakeholder. Plan for the Wilaya of measirung cisterns tower and in Ouadane 1 2.2.4 Establish and strengthen the 3.2.4. Disseminate the Adrar water tower. 1.2.3 Strengthen the capacities of 40 Producers 3.1.4 Acquire equipment lessons of the project 1.1.4 Develop and capacities of local policy 2.1.3 Put in place 45 km Groups on IWRM and software to initiate through a short informative implement a radio segment on local makers of the Regional of pipelines hydrogeological modelling communication strategy 2.2.5 Establish and support radios Development Council 2.1.4 Securing water community committees 3.1.5 Document aquifers 1.1.5 Organise an and the advisory bodies responsible of works status and exploitation 3.2.5 Disseminate the

supply in 20 rural areas: advocacy campaign of the Regional Water management through adequate data knowledge products in 15 existing and 5 new targeting decision-makers Council on climate risks archiving, processing and national and international creations. 2.2.6 Set up the management mainstreaming in water sharing platforms and meetings 1.1.6 Strengthen the structures for the 5 newly created policies implementation capacities of the Climate water supply networks, Change Programme 2.2.7 Train local committee Coordination Unit ACTIVITIES members and private operators

- on IWRM, etc. 2.2.8 Conduct awareness-raising activities targeting local authorities, extension services and communities

Institutional barriers Regulatory and political Technical barriers Social barriers Scientific barriers • Limited capacities of the barriers • Limited stoarge capacity of water • Women are in charge of water • Limited knowledge of water

institutions • Regulatory and political systems supply for housholds resources • Lack of coordination framework do not • Leakages in water supply networks • Women, children and elder people • Inapprpriate and inefficient integrate CC • Inefficiency of water supplay remain in rural areas and are mchanisms for water practices exposed to difficulties including resources and services • High cost of water systems water scarcity evaluation and monitoring operation • Youth migrate due to lack of BARRIERS • Problems with thermal pumping livelihoods in the area • Limited access to water

PROBLEM: Drawdown of the piezometric level and drying up of the discontinuous aquifers induced by climate extremes

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Annex 3: List of consulted stakeholders during the formulatuion of the concept note

Name and Surname Institution Function Contacts Mohamed JIDDOU Ministère de l’Hydraulique et de Directeur [email protected] l’Assainissement - Direction de +222 22310746 l’Hydraulique Mohamed Yahya BAH Ministère de l’Hydraulique et de Directeur Adjoint [email protected] l’Assainissement - Direction de +222 26050550 l’Hydraulique Lavdal DADDE Ministère de l’Hydraulique et de Conseiller Technique [email protected] l’Assainissement Point Focal CC +222 22305133 Moulaye El Hassen Ministère de l’Hydraulique et de Directeur de la Planification, [email protected] Ould Ahmedou l’Assainissement du suivi et de la Coopération + 222 22 51 79 16 / 00 222 46 49 16 83 Centre National des Ressources en Directeur [email protected] Cheikh ZAMEL Eau (CNRE) +222 26306000 / 44306000 / 36306000 Assane GAYE Office National des Services d'Eau Directeur Général [email protected] en milieu Rural (ONSER) +222 46 71 68 62 Ely Chibani Office National des Services d'Eau Directeur du Département en milieu Rural (ONSER) Etudes Mme Mariam Yezid Office National des Services d'Eau Directirce Générale Adjointe [email protected] : en milieu Rural (ONSER) Ahmed Mohamed Office National des Services d'Eau Directeur Technique et +222 48527777 Lemine Mahmoud en milieu Rural (ONSER) Commercial [email protected] Mohamed Ely Office National des Services d'Eau Cadre [email protected] Levrawe en milieu Rural (ONSER)

M. Kane Société Nationale de Distribution Directeur des Etudes d’Eau (SNDE) Yahya Sid’Ahmed Société Nationale de Distribution Ingénieur en charge du projet +222 46491845 – d’Eau (SNDE) Aftout Chargui [email protected] Mohamedou Hanene Société Nationale de Distribution Coordinateur projet Dhar + 222 46491939 d’Eau (SNDE) [email protected] Sidi Mohamed EL Ministère de l’Environnement Chargé de Missions, Point [email protected] WAVI Focal National de la Tel. + 222 4524 3985 | Mobile : + CCNUCC | Coordonnateur du 222 4600 8383 Programme National sur le Changement Climatique (CCPNCC) et Point Focal de la Mauritanie pour le GCF Mohamed Ould Selmé Ministère de l’Environnement - Directeur Adjoint [email protected] Direction du Contrôle [email protected] Environnemental +222 464 609 08 / +222 268 009 08 Mohamed Ould Ministère de l’Aménagement Rural Conseiller Technique [email protected] Abdellahi + 222 49 26 91 01 Sidi Mohamed Ould Ministère de l’Aménagement Rural Mkhaitir Mme Maimouna Ministère de l’Economie et des Directrice Générale des Ahmed Salem Finances (MEF) - Investissements Publiques et YAHDHIH de la Coopération Economique MEF, Direction générale des Directeur Général Adjoint des [email protected] Saleck Mohamed Investissements Publiques et de la Investissements Publiques et AINATT Coopération Economique de la Coopération Economique Khayar FALL, Ministère de l’Economie et des Directeur de la [email protected] Finances (MEF) - Programmation des Tel : +222 46 74 65 86 Investissements Publique Sidi Mohamed Agence de la Grande Muraille Verte Directeur [email protected] LEHLOU (GMV) Mob. +222 47513133 / 46012323 / 22122210 Abderrahmane Office National de Météorologie Cadre [email protected] NGAIDE (ONM) +222 47688735 Coulibaly Office National de Météorologie Cadre +222 27062539 (ONM) Sidi Mohamed Lemine Office National de Météorologie DEPM projet [email protected] (ONM) +222 46466244 Samba Malik THIEYE Projet National Intégré du Secteur Coordinateur des activités du [email protected] de l'Eau en milieu Rural (PNISER) PNISER +222 22924729 Sidna Ould Sidi Société Toumour Mauritania Directeur Général [email protected] Mohamed [email protected] +222 46454565 / +222 26454565 Mohamed Fadel Projet Régional d’Appui au Directeur Technique [email protected] NEMA Pastoralisme au Sahel (PRAPS) +222 36624381 / +222 45251266 +222 46624381 Dr Idrissa DIARRA Projet Régional d’Appui au Coordonnateur régional [email protected] Pastoralisme au Sahel (PRAPS) +222 46843110 / +222 42801808

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Name and Surname Institution Function Contacts +222 44843110 Cheikhna Laghdaf Programme de Développement Directeur du Projet Durable des Oasis (PDDO) Programme de Développement Expert +222 46494565 Sidna Sidi Mohamed Durable des Oasis (PDDO) Ahmed Abdellahi Ould Programme de Développement Responsable suivi et +222 42167777 / 20207317 Mohamed Durable des Oasis (PDDO) Evaluation Abdellahi Baba Ministère de l’Agriculture, Direction Directeur +222 44 01 01 07 ZEYAD, de la Coopération et du Suivi- [email protected] Evaluation Mohamed Ould Ely Ministère des Affaires Sociales, de Conseiller du Ministre en + 222 43439008 Telmoudy l’Enfance et de la Famille (MASEF) matière de genre [email protected] Maire Maire de Commune : Nteirguant – Moqatta Aoujeft Mme Mint Lekbar Ministère des Affaires Sociales, de Cadre régional à Adrar + 222 43439023 l’Enfance et de la Famille (MASEF)

Mohammed Ould Maire de Commune - Chinguetti Maire +222 5400005 Amara Mustapha HAROUNA UNICEF Chef WASH [email protected] +222 42783630 / + 222 22342342 M. Ba Amadou Diam ONG Naforé Président [email protected] +222 45293031/ 46577327 / 37026090 Djibrill Sarr Expert Hydrologue [email protected] Sidaty Ould Dah Expert climatologue