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Gardening Forest Symbiosis in EFGing Definition & Description Native plants & EFGs Symbiosis is an ecological relationship An Edible Forest Garden (EFG) is ‚a There are many native Pacific Northwest between organisms of different species living perennial polyculture of multipurpose plants‛ species that have been identified as well- in direct contact; these interactions are the (Dave Jacke, Edible Forest Gardens). suited for EFGs, and still more that have basis of EFGing, and connect garden layers Gardens are consciously-designed, self- yet to be recognized due to lack of modern and components together to ensure overall renewing, diverse ecosystems that follow a experimentation. The largest barrier to wellbeing. A few examples: In mycorrhizal woodland-like pattern to provide food, widespread use of native plants is relationships, soil-dwelling fungi grow into medicine and other useful products. EFGing availability, as species are sold primarily for cells of roots and use the plant’s sugars to encompasses an entirely new way of thinking re-vegetation projects and are difficult to bring in nutrients and water. Leguminous - an ecological worldview. EFGs provide a find commercially. Shade tolerance is a key plants provide nitrogen surpluses for other more resistant, sustainable, diverse, holistic, characteristic for growing productively below plants through associations with soil bacteria and energy-efficient form of food production a canopy, and this region features many that extract nitrogen from the air. Pollination than modern agriculture. A small-scale, such plants. Perennial vegetables and and seed dispersion create links between locally-cropped system facilitates awareness herbs are generally grown in the herbaceous flora and fauna and lead to co-evolution. about, interaction with, and love of whatever story and rhizosphere, while the shrub and Companion plants constantly exchange patch of earth you are lucky enough to be canopy layers provide nuts, berries, and nutrients, fluids, water, and even hormones a part of. EFGing is the intersection of other fruits. 90% of the world’s food with neighbors. Mixed-age stands create development and preservation, creating comes from just 20 species, and EFGing more systematic stability, and the different productive spaces based around forests to offers the potential to increase this number composition of each plant contributes different help ensure their survival. exponentially by providing diverse habitats nutrients to the soil upon decay. that allow many different plants to flourish. While sustainable through careful cultivation careful through sustainable temperate climates temperate ecosy rainforest concepts ofsymbiosis concepts book In widespread agroforestry and alley cropping are based around similar around arebased cropping alley and agroforestry are over 3.5 million forest gardens, most of which are are which most of 3.5 million gardens, over forest are EFG Java, Java, in tropical regions, and and regions, tropical in Local Resources family Forest Gardening Forest a Terra Commons ing Native Olympia relatively relatively http://www.oly-wa.us/Terra/ dense - owned. owned. Despite this this Despite , notably, it Non-profit, creates edible forest gardens . self Native Plant Salvage been taking been ly populated rural areas rural populated ly been stemhave http://www.nativeplantsalvage.org/ is ancient. ancient. is A ‚ , and , new Non-profit, salvages plants for use in restoration works with works practiced extensive extensive practiced In in Brief History Brief . Fungi Perfecti ‛ the Western world, practice world, theWestern sparked public interest in interest public sparked India, since that point that since http://www.fungi.com/ In the 1990s, Robert Hart 1990s,Robert theIn concept concept Starting in the ‘90s, the the‘90s, in Starting hold in thisreg in hold Fungi resource center and mushroom supplier forest village systems remain remain systems village forest currently currently . ‚ Washington Native Plant Society T F , hailand, ood forests ood traditionally used http://www.wnps.org/index.html rials to in this Region this in Guides and forums on WA’s native plants profit mo . - D.E.A.P. Permaculture Garden for thousands ofy thousands for dern Western Society, Society, Western dern In Kerala, India there there India Kerala, In remain beautiful remain and Student group, garden next to EG organic farm and ing on public and private property. property. private and public on the idea has slowly slowly has theidea ion ‛ that mimic a mimic that parts ofAfrica parts . encourage a diversity of useful species while ofuseful species diversity a encourage Bibliography rainforests totropical only second , Jacke, Dave and Eric Toensmeier. Edible Forest Gardens. White River EFG gardens gardens E s like s Junction: Chelsea Green Publishing Company, 2005 FGing in FGing Hart, Robert. Forest Gardening: Cultivating an Edible Landscape. and his and White River Junction: Chelsea Green Publishing Temperate forests are some of the most productive ofthemostsome productive are forests Temperate Company, 1991. t field of lack is itation ears ears practice has gained more widespread attention. Terra attention. Terra widespread more gained has practice strong historical and ecological foundation, most EFG mostEFG foundation, ecological and historical strong Pojar, Jim and Andy MacKinnon. Plants of the Pacific Northwest ecosystems community members to them help establish edible forest forest edible establish help tothem members community peoples of North America America ofNorth peoples lim . current biggest The regions. other for written is literature patches and patches Coast. Vancouver: Lone Pine Publishing, 1994. non local a Commons, agroforesty, typically using fire management to create habitat habitat tocreate management fire typicallyusing agroforesty, habitat. thedominant as forest still maintaining Garden Structure Ethnobotany Forest gardens come in a gigantic range of Bioregions are areas with a clearly forms, sizes, and ecological contexts, but the recognizable identity in terms of geological principals remain constant. A garden is structure, soil, climate, history, culture, and ‚more than the sum of its parts‛ (Jacke). energy. The patterns found in the way Organisms are mutually beneficial, and all Edible things grow and interact reflect a bioregion’s are integral to the health of the self- character, and this context helps to shape sustaining system. Instead of separating the many aspects of human societies. A diet ecosystem by species, the yield of the whole Forest that is based around native species positively system is taken into account. The 5 main affects human and environmental health, the components of any garden are: vegetation two of which are inextricably linked. Eating layers, soil horizons, vegetation density, Gardening locally, which requires less net energy, is a patterning, and diversity. Species niches are key step towards climate stability. Minerals commonly divided into 4-7 vertical layers, and nutrients are obtained from diverse but these layers overlap without specific at evergreen, the sources, and, in addition to being a source distinctions, and are not necessarily present of food, regional plants also provide in all gardens. These layers encompass a pacific northwest, medicine, fuel, fiber, and fodder for livestock. diversity of species and vary in density and beyond! Traditions and customs of native peoples are accordingly. The structure of a garden both a wealth of ethnobotanical wisdom gained affects and is affected by the larger through millennia of living with the land, and governing ecological patterns and soil. are vital for guiding EFGs. =13= Contents Cover =4= Contents he throat he (Climbing vines) D vines) (Climbing on all layers, adaptable to to adaptable layers, all on *you are here* goals of garden but can can but garden of goals Vertical layer =15= 1 4 Definition 7 be parasitic be =17= fern Licorice The canopy/overstoryThe Helps soot Helps (Taller trees) A trees) (Taller History Found on tree trunks tree on Found nutrients and water, water, and nutrients patches, uses most most uses patches, 2 5 8 =11= glycyrrhiza Polypodium garden’s habitat habitat garden’s undergo photosynthesis This region 3 9 =16= 6 nut Structure evelops evelops es most most es =18= one paper, Symbiosis ffects =1-3= two sides Layer descriptions =10= 16 Ethnobotany food for wildlife for food large shrubs) P shrubs) large ( 13 Low and Low =12= will join overstory join will 10 cornuta Corylus 17 Native plants 14 11 18 =7-8= Hazelnut Beaked Understory Plant bios Large shrub with edible with shrub Large Eaten alone and as flavoring as and alone Eaten maturity young trees and and trees young =5-6= C 15 Garden Garden 12 EG’s garden ( an form thickets, important important thickets, form an Shade ,s =14= rovides key rovides habitat for wildlife for habitat ome trees ome Local resources upon upon - tolerant Shrubs Layers Evergreen’s EFG species) species) As one of Evergreen’s teaching gardens, this bes sanguineum sanguineum bes flowering Currant flowering - layer and banking horizons banking and nutrients) site (located next to the HCC) is meant to Ri material Include ed Bright, fragrant flowers fragrant Bright, provide an opportunity for learning more shrub beloved Beautiful, R make up topsoil up make through key nutrients, nutrients, key through about EFGs and the overall ecology of this diversi insect populations insect highly productive highly s 6horizons: s (accumulates nutrients for nutrients (accumulates
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