SAN JOSÉ MODERNISM HISTORIC CONTEXT STATEMENT ...................................................................................................................................................... Prepared for: Prepared by: Preservation Action Council of San José PAST Consultants, LLC 72 North 5th Street, Suite #9 P.O. Box 283 San Jose, California 95112 Petaluma, California 94953 June 2009 San José Modernism Historic Context Statement PAST Consultants, LLC June 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .....................................................................................1 Introduction ...............................................................................................................1 Project Team .............................................................................................................2 Project Description and Objectives ...........................................................................2 Methodology .............................................................................................................5 Report Organization ..................................................................................................7 Suggestions for Further Research .............................................................................8 Acknowledgments .....................................................................................................9 II. SAN JOSÉ DEVELOPMENTAL HISTORY .......................................................10 Introduction ...............................................................................................................10 San José 1920–1941: Valley of Heart’s Delight.......................................................12 Fruit Industry during the Interwar Period ............................................................12 City Development: 1920–1941...........................................................................14 1941–1950: World War II Transforms San José .....................................................21 A.P. “Dutch” Hamann’s Annexation Crusade: 1950–1970 .....................................26 A.P. Hamann and the 1950s.................................................................................27 A.P. Hamann and the 1960s.................................................................................35 A.P. Hamann’s Legacy Expressed in Modernist Buildings.................................38 Urban Renewal in San José........................................................................................44 Park Center Plaza.................................................................................................45 San Antonio Plaza................................................................................................47 The Influence of Silicon Valley ................................................................................48 Key Developments...............................................................................................48 Educational Buildings in San José ............................................................................52 Primary and Secondary Schools ..........................................................................53 San José State University.....................................................................................58 San José City College ..........................................................................................59 III. SAN JOSÉ MODERNISM STYLES ....................................................................62 Introduction to Modernism Styles ............................................................................62 Streamline Moderne ..................................................................................................65 Minimal Traditional ..................................................................................................67 Tract Ranch ...............................................................................................................69 Custom Ranch ...........................................................................................................71 Post-and-Beam...........................................................................................................73 International ...............................................................................................................75 Commercial Modern .................................................................................................77 San José Modernism Historic Context Statement PAST Consultants, LLC June 2009 Corporate Modern .....................................................................................................79 New Formalism..........................................................................................................81 Googie .......................................................................................................................83 Brutalism ...................................................................................................................85 Organic ......................................................................................................................87 IV. HISTORIC THEMES AND ASSOCIATED PROPERTY TYPES....................89 Introduction and Terminology ..................................................................................89 Historic Themes and Associated Property Types .....................................................90 Retail Development .............................................................................................90 Corporate/Industrial Development.......................................................................92 Civic Development ..............................................................................................93 Educational Architecture.....................................................................................94 Religious Architecture .........................................................................................95 Residential Development.....................................................................................97 V. EVALUATION OF SAN JOSÉ MODERNIST RESOURCES...........................99 National Register of Historic Places .........................................................................99 California Register of Historical Resources .............................................................101 City of San José ........................................................................................................102 Historic Integrity........................................................................................................104 San José City Landmarks: 1935-1975 ......................................................................106 VI. LOCAL PRACTITIONERS...................................................................................107 Introduction ...............................................................................................................107 Architects ..................................................................................................................111 Landscape Architects.................................................................................................154 Builders, Contractors, Developers, Engineers and Surveyors ..................................156 Public Artists..............................................................................................................193 BIBLIOGRAPHY................................................................................................................198 Books ........................................................................................................................198 Newspaper and Magazine Articles ...........................................................................200 City of San José Planning Documents ......................................................................213 Consultant Reports.....................................................................................................214 Maps ..........................................................................................................................216 Websites ....................................................................................................................216 Other Media ..............................................................................................................221 San José Modernism Historic Context Statement PAST Consultants, LLC June 2009 I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Introduction With funds from the Redevelopment Agency of the City of San José (SJRA), The Preservation Action Council of San José (PAC*SJ) retained PAST Consultants, LLC (PAST) to prepare a Historic Context Statement for San José Modernism (San José Modernism), covering buildings constructed during the recent past, the time period 1935-1975. The SJRA and PAC*SJ completed the contract for this report on September 5, 2008. The project commenced with a kickoff meeting held at the offices of the City of San José’s Department of Planning, Building & Code Enforcement on October 8, 2008. The Project Coordinator for SJRA, Dolores Mellon, supervised the meeting, which included Interim Executive Director Brian Grayson of PAC*SJ; Lori Moniz, AICP, Planner II for the City of San José (City), Department of Planning, Building & Code Enforcement; Sally Notthoff Zarnowitz, AIA, Historic Preservation Officer; and

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