DOCSLIB.ORG

Populism in Europe - an Overview Segbers, Klaus; Hegedüs, Daniel; Kuzio, Taras; Glahn, Cosima

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Populism in Europe - an Overview Segbers, Klaus; Hegedüs, Daniel; Kuzio, Taras; Glahn, Cosima www.ssoar.info Populism in Europe - an Overview Segbers, Klaus; Hegedüs, Daniel; Kuzio, Taras; Glahn, Cosima Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Arbeitspapier / working paper Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Segbers, K., Hegedüs, D., Kuzio, T., & Glahn, C. (2018). Populism in Europe - an Overview. (CGP Working Paper Series, 09/2018). Berlin: Freie Universität Berlin, Center for Global Politics. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168- ssoar-60254-9 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer Deposit-Lizenz (Keine This document is made available under Deposit Licence (No Weiterverbreitung - keine Bearbeitung) zur Verfügung gestellt. Redistribution - no modifications). We grant a non-exclusive, non- Gewährt wird ein nicht exklusives, nicht übertragbares, transferable, individual and limited right to using this document. persönliches und beschränktes Recht auf Nutzung dieses This document is solely intended for your personal, non- Dokuments. Dieses Dokument ist ausschließlich für commercial use. All of the copies of this documents must retain den persönlichen, nicht-kommerziellen Gebrauch bestimmt. all copyright information and other information regarding legal Auf sämtlichen Kopien dieses Dokuments müssen alle protection. You are not allowed to alter this document in any Urheberrechtshinweise und sonstigen Hinweise auf gesetzlichen way, to copy it for public or commercial purposes, to exhibit the Schutz beibehalten werden. Sie dürfen dieses Dokument document in public, to perform, distribute or otherwise use the nicht in irgendeiner Weise abändern, noch dürfen Sie document in public. dieses Dokument für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke By using this particular document, you accept the above-stated vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, aufführen, vertreiben oder conditions of use. anderweitig nutzen. Mit der Verwendung dieses Dokuments erkennen Sie die Nutzungsbedingungen an. Working Papers of the Center for Global Politics Segbers, Klaus Populism in Europe An Overview CGP Working Paper Series 09/2018 © 2018 by Segbers, Klaus Center for Global Politics Freie Universität Berlin Editor: Klaus Segbers ISSN: 1869-9243 Klaus Segbers Populism in Europe An Overview Contents Preface � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 3 Introduction ´Populism in Europe` (Klaus Segbers) � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 4 Literature � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �13 Populism in Ukraine and Europe: Similar but Also Different (Taras Kuzio) � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 16 1� Theoretical and Comparative Perspectives on Populism � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �17 2� Populism in Ukraine and Europe � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �18 3� Conclusion � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �26 4� Literature � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �28 Rethinking the Incumbency Effect� Radicalization of Governing Populist Parties in East-Central-Europe� A case study of Hungary (Daniel Hegedüs) � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 32 1� Theoretical Background � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �32 2� Main conceptual and methodological framework � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �34 3� Political Discourse Analysis of the Hungarian “System of National Cooperation” � � � � � � � � � � � � � �36 4� Concepts of enemies and “the general crime” in the period 2010-2015 (chain of equivalence P) � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �38 5� Populist demands and the “System of National Cooperation” in the period 2010- 2015 (chain of equivalence Q) � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �44 6� Concepts of enemies and “the general crime” after 2015 (chain of equivalence Z) � � � � � � � � � � � �46 7� Populist claims and simplified solutions to the crisis of mass migration after 2015 (chain of equivalence W) � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �50 8� Summary � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �52 9� Literature � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �54 9�1� Annex I - The text corpus � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �55 9�2� Annex II - The text corpus � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �56 Populism and the ENP to the East - Outlining and discussing a research framework for a comparison of the Republic of Moldova, Ukraine and Georgia (Cosima Glahn) � � � � � � � � � � 58 1� Introduction � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �58 2� How to understand and conceptualize ‘populism’ � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �59 3� How to measure populism empirically? A short review of exemplary studies � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �61 4� Short literature review � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �61 5� Empirical part: Comparing the three cases � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �62 5�1� Republic of Moldova � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �64 5�2� Ukraine � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �64 5�3� Georgia � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �66 6� Commonalities among the cases providing the bases for populism � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �66 7� Problems, critical discussion and conclusion � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �68 8� Literature � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �70 8�1� Internet References � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �74 Preface Klaus Segbers Preface Preface Populism as such is not new in the dictionaries of political and cultural sciences� The history of humankind is relatively rich in people and movements trying to convince people that simple and simplifying answers on complex questions may work� But in the last five or so years, there is a resurgence of populism across continents, societies and traditional political cleavages� As Brexit, the current U�S� administration and many other events demonstrate, populism is shaping and influencing the political processes in Europe and far beyond� Against this background, the Center for Global Politics (www�global-politics�org) of Freie Universität Berlin organized a roundtable event for the annual convention of the Association for Slavic, East European and Eurasian Studies (ASEEES) which took place last fall (2017) in Chicago� The topic of this event was „Populism in Eastern Europe“� The idea was to analyze empirical examples of populism in Eastern Europe and beyond, to discuss with the attending audience definitorial questions, possible reasons for the populist success, advantages and limits of comparing populism in different contexts, and to highlight the possibilities to make a broader comparison of the phenomena cross-regionally� The following CGP working paper is a follow-up result of the roundtable initiative� Some of the roundtable participants decided present their updated papers to a broader (not only) academic public� We hope that the research endeavors evolving around the topic of populism will prosper in the upcoming years� and we hope that this CGP working paper can contribute to this evolving discussion� Klaus Segbers Berlin, September 2018 CGP Working Papers 09/2018 3 Introduction ´Populism in Europe` (Klaus Segbers) Klaus Segbers Introduction ´Populism in Europe` Klaus Segbers Center for Global Politics, Freie Universität Berlin Introduction ´Populism in Europe`
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Ukrainian Weekly 2000, No.6
    www.ukrweekly.com 1NS1DE: - NATO chief visits Ukraine - page 3. 9 Ukrainian American veterans seeks federal charter - page 6. - Millennium musings, from a philatelic angle - centerfold. Г- v THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY Published by the Ukrainian National Association inc., a fraternal non-profit association vol. LXVIII No. 6 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 6,2000 Ф1.25782 in Ukraine Davos economic forum Center-right majority elects Pliusch as new chairman of Rada marred by allegations of Kyiv's misuse of funds by Roman Woronowycz Kyiv Press Bureau KYiv - Ukraine's President Leonid Kuchma traveled to Davos, Switzerland, on January 28-30 for the annual World Economic Forum to talk about the begin- ning of serious economic reforms in Ukraine and to cajole foreign investment for the country. His effort was sidetracked, however, as allegations surfaced that mem- bers of his administration had bilked the international Monetary Fund out of more than a half billion dollars in credits in 1997. As the president arrived at the economic forum, the respected London newspaper the Financial Times on January 28 was report- ing accusations leveled by Pavlo Lazarenko, a former prime minister of Ukraine, that cronies of President Kuchma had embezzled and then laundered S613 million dollars of 1MF money in December President Leonid Kuchma (right) speaks with the newly elected chairman of the verkhovna Rada, ivan Pliusch (second from left), 1997. who is flanked by his two deputies, Yiktor Medvedchuk (left) and Stepan Havrysh. Mr. Lazarenko, who has been indicted by Roman Woronowycz of the Soviet era. majority in declarations he made during on charges of financial improprieties in Kyiv Press Bureau The lawmakers also reasserted their his re-election campaign, greeted the intent to remove Soviet era symbols from election of a new parliamentary leader- (Continued on page 3) KYiv - The political rupture within the facade and interior of the verkhovna ship as "an outstanding event." Ukraine's verkhovna Rada continued on Rada building.
    [Show full text]
  • Populism and Fascism
    Populism and Fascism An evaluation of their similarities and differences MA Thesis in Philosophy University of Amsterdam Graduate School of Humanities Titus Vreeke Student number: 10171169 Supervisor: Dr. Robin Celikates Date: 04-08-2017 1 Table of Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 3 1. Ideology ............................................................................................................................................. 8 1.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 8 1.2 Populism and fascism as ideologies ........................................................................................................ 9 1.3 The Dichotomies of Populism and Fascism ........................................................................................... 13 1.4 Culture and Nationalism in Populism and Fascism ............................................................................... 19 1.5 The Form of the State and its Role in Security ...................................................................................... 22 1.6 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................. 25 2. Practice ...............................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • On Trumpism, Or the End of American Exceptionalism
    Teoria politica 9 | 2019 Annali IX On Trumpism, or the End of American Exceptionalism Nadia Urbinati Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/tp/820 Publisher Marcial Pons Printed version Date of publication: 1 June 2019 Number of pages: 209-226 ISSN: 0394-1248 Electronic reference Nadia Urbinati, « On Trumpism, or the End of American Exceptionalism », Teoria politica. Nuova serie Annali [Online], 9 | 2019, Online since 01 April 2020, connection on 26 May 2020. URL : http:// journals.openedition.org/tp/820 Teoria politica On Trumpism, or the End of American Exceptionalism Nadia Urbinati* Abstract This papers uses Trumpism to illustrate populism in power. It analyses it in its rhetorical style; in its propaganda, tropes, and ideology; and finally in its aims and achievements. It shows how the representative construction of the people is rhetorical and is independent of social classes and traditional ideologies. The paper argues that populist democracy is the name of a new form of representative government that is based on two phenomena: a direct relation between the leader and those in society whom the leader defines as the «right» or «good» people; and the superlative authority of the audience. Its immediate targets are the «obstacles» to the development of those phenomena: intermediary opinion-making bodies, such as parties; established media; and institutionalized systems for monitoring and controlling political power. Populist leaders compete with other political actors with regard to the representation of the people and use electoral victory in order to prove that «the people» they represent is the «right» people and deserves to rule for its own good.
    [Show full text]
  • Populists in Power Around the World | Institute for Global Change
    Populists in Power Around the World JORDAN KYLE RENEWING LIMOR GULTCHIN THE CENTRE Contents Executive Summary 3 Introduction 5 The Trouble With Defining opulismP 9 Two Essential Features of Populism 12 Types of Populism 21 Cases of Populism in Power 26 Populism Trends Around the World 32 Conclusion 44 Appendix: Methodology 45 Downloaded from http://institute.global/insight/ renewing-centre/populists-power-around-world on November 7 2018 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY EXE CUTIVE SUMMARY Populism is dramatically shifting the global political landscape. This report defines populism and identifies its global prevalence by introducing a global database “Populists in Power: 1990–2018”. Only with a clear and systematic understanding of the phenomenon of populism can political leaders begin to offer meaningful and credible alternatives. This report sets out to define populism from a global perspective and identify some of its key trends since 1990. Populism contains two primary claims: • A country’s ‘true people’ are locked into conflict with outsiders, including establishment elites. • Nothing should constrain the will of the true people. Although populism always shares these two essential claims, it can take on widely varying forms across contexts. This report identifies three types of populism, distinguished by how populist leaders frame the conflict between the ‘true people’ and outsiders: • Cultural populism claims that the true people are the native members of the nation-state, and outsiders can include immigrants, criminals, ethnic and religious minorities, and cosmopolitan elites. Cultural populism tends to emphasise 3 religious traditionalism, law and order, sovereignty, and painting migrants as enemies. • Socio-economic populism claims that the true people are honest, hard-working members of the working class, and outsiders can include big business, capital owners and actors perceived as propping up an international capitalist system.
    [Show full text]
  • Inledning + 1-93
    Funding of Political Parties and Election Campaigns H andbook Series i Funding of Political Parties and Election Campaigns Handbook Series Editors: Reginald Austin, Maja Tjernström Contributors: Julie Ballington, Peter Ferdinand, Karen Fogg, Patrick Molutsi, Karl-Heinz Nassmacher, Yaw Saffu, Maja Tjernström, Marcin Walecki, Daniel Zovatto Handbook Series. The International IDEA Handbook Series seeks to present comparative analysis, information and insights on a range of democratic institutions and processes. Handbooks are aimed primarily at policy-makers, politicians, civil society actors and practitioners in the field. They are also of interest to academia, the democracy assistance community and other bodies. International IDEA publications are independent of specific national or political interests. Views expressed in this publication do not necessarily represent the views of International IDEA, its Board or its Council members. © International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance 2003 Applications for permission to reproduce or translate all or any part of this publication should be made to: Information Unit International IDEA SE -103 34 Stockholm Sweden International IDEA encourages dissemination of its work and will promptly respond to requests for permission to reproduce or translate its publications. Graphic design by: Slow Fox production AB, Sweden Cover photos: © Pressens Bild, Sweden Printed by: Trydells Tryckeri AB, Sweden ISBN: 91-89098-92-7 iv Preface Democracies cannot function without political parties. to be learnt from current experience in different parts Parties are expected to reflect the concerns of citizens, of the world. aggregate and mediate diverse interests, project a vision International IDEA considers party finance to be one of a society and develop policy options accordingly.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of the Situation on Access of Persons with Disabilities to Electoral and Political Processes in Ukraine
    ASSESSMENT OF THE SITUATION ON ACCESS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES TO ELECTORAL AND POLITICAL PROCESSES IN UKRAINE Kyiv, Ukraine Assessment of the Situation on Access of Persons with Disabilities to Electoral and Political Processes in Ukraine 2015 This report was developed with technical support from the International Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES) and financial support from the Government of Canada and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of IFES, the Government of Canada or USAID. Assessment of the Situation on Access of Persons with Disabilities to Electoral and Political Processes in Ukraine Copyright © 2015 International Foundation for Electoral Systems. All rights reserved. Permission Statement: No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system without the written permission of IFES. Requests for permission should include the following information: • A description of the material for which permission to copy is desired. • The purpose for which the copied material will be used and the manner in which it will be used. • Your name, title, company or organization name, telephone number, fax number, email address and mailing address. Please send all requests for permission to: International Foundation for Electoral Systems 1850 K Street, NW, Fifth Floor Washington, D.C. 20006 Email: [email protected] Fax: 202-350-6701 Acknowledgements On behalf of the implementers of this project we thank all those without whom this research and this report would not have been possible.
    [Show full text]
  • ESS9 Appendix A3 Political Parties Ed
    APPENDIX A3 POLITICAL PARTIES, ESS9 - 2018 ed. 3.0 Austria 2 Belgium 4 Bulgaria 7 Croatia 8 Cyprus 10 Czechia 12 Denmark 14 Estonia 15 Finland 17 France 19 Germany 20 Hungary 21 Iceland 23 Ireland 25 Italy 26 Latvia 28 Lithuania 31 Montenegro 34 Netherlands 36 Norway 38 Poland 40 Portugal 44 Serbia 47 Slovakia 52 Slovenia 53 Spain 54 Sweden 57 Switzerland 58 United Kingdom 61 Version Notes, ESS9 Appendix A3 POLITICAL PARTIES ESS9 edition 3.0 (published 10.12.20): Changes from previous edition: Additional countries: Denmark, Iceland. ESS9 edition 2.0 (published 15.06.20): Changes from previous edition: Additional countries: Croatia, Latvia, Lithuania, Montenegro, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden. Austria 1. Political parties Language used in data file: German Year of last election: 2017 Official party names, English 1. Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs (SPÖ) - Social Democratic Party of Austria - 26.9 % names/translation, and size in last 2. Österreichische Volkspartei (ÖVP) - Austrian People's Party - 31.5 % election: 3. Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs (FPÖ) - Freedom Party of Austria - 26.0 % 4. Liste Peter Pilz (PILZ) - PILZ - 4.4 % 5. Die Grünen – Die Grüne Alternative (Grüne) - The Greens – The Green Alternative - 3.8 % 6. Kommunistische Partei Österreichs (KPÖ) - Communist Party of Austria - 0.8 % 7. NEOS – Das Neue Österreich und Liberales Forum (NEOS) - NEOS – The New Austria and Liberal Forum - 5.3 % 8. G!LT - Verein zur Förderung der Offenen Demokratie (GILT) - My Vote Counts! - 1.0 % Description of political parties listed 1. The Social Democratic Party (Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs, or SPÖ) is a social above democratic/center-left political party that was founded in 1888 as the Social Democratic Worker's Party (Sozialdemokratische Arbeiterpartei, or SDAP), when Victor Adler managed to unite the various opposing factions.
    [Show full text]
  • State of Populism in Europe
    2018 State of Populism in Europe The past few years have seen a surge in the public support of populist, Eurosceptical and radical parties throughout almost the entire European Union. In several countries, their popularity matches or even exceeds the level of public support of the centre-left. Even though the centre-left parties, think tanks and researchers are aware of this challenge, there is still more OF POPULISM IN EUROPE – 2018 STATE that could be done in this fi eld. There is occasional research on individual populist parties in some countries, but there is no regular overview – updated every year – how the popularity of populist parties changes in the EU Member States, where new parties appear and old ones disappear. That is the reason why FEPS and Policy Solutions have launched this series of yearbooks, entitled “State of Populism in Europe”. *** FEPS is the fi rst progressive political foundation established at the European level. Created in 2007 and co-fi nanced by the European Parliament, it aims at establishing an intellectual crossroad between social democracy and the European project. Policy Solutions is a progressive political research institute based in Budapest. Among the pre-eminent areas of its research are the investigation of how the quality of democracy evolves, the analysis of factors driving populism, and election research. Contributors : Tamás BOROS, Maria FREITAS, Gergely LAKI, Ernst STETTER STATE OF POPULISM Tamás BOROS IN EUROPE Maria FREITAS • This book is edited by FEPS with the fi nancial support of the European
    [Show full text]
  • The Re-Elaboration of Fascism and Its Impact on Right-Wing Populism In
    National Past and Populism: The Re-Elaboration of Fascism and Its Impact on Right-Wing Populism in Western Europe Daniele Caramani and Luca Manucci Department of Political Science University of Zurich Affolternstrasse 56 8050 Zurich Switzerland Email: [email protected] / [email protected] Phone: 0041 44 630 4010 Web: www.ipz.uzh.ch Abstract: The electoral performance of right-wing populism also depends on the type of re-elaboration of countries’ national past and their collective memories. Complementing socio-economic and political-institutional factors, the paper analyses cultural opportunity structures. Given the link between fascist and populist visions of power, it shows that different collective memories of the fascist past and World War II may open up or close down the space for right-wing populist parties. Theoretically, the typology includes four types of re-elaboration: culpabilization, victimization, heroization and cancellation. Results of a comparative analysis of eight West European countries based on a novel measurement method point to (1) culpabilization and heroization as types of re-elaboration limiting right-wing populist parties’ electoral performance, (2) cancellation as a type having an undetermined effect, and (3) victimization as a type triggering the success of right-wing populist parties. Keywords: populism, fascist past, re-elaboration, collective memory, cultural opportunity structures, comparative. 2 Introduction The success of Alternative for Germany in the 2017 federal elections came to many as a shock. Germany is a country that dealt critically with its past and developed a political culture making it unthinkable that right-wing populist discourses and parties would establish themselves.
    [Show full text]
  • 2012/2889(Rsp))
    P7_TA(2012)0507 Situation in Ukraine European Parliament resolution of 13 December 2012 on the situation in Ukraine 2012/2889(RSP)) The European Parliament, – having regard to its previous resolutions and reports, in particular those of 1 December 2011 containing the European Parliament’s recommendations to the Council, the Commission and the EEAS on the negotiations on the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement1 and of 24 May 2012 on the situation in Ukraine and the case of Yulia Tymoshenko2, – having regard to the interim reports and preliminary conclusions of the OSCE/ODIHR election observation mission to Ukraine, in particular the Statement of Preliminary Findings and Conclusions, issued on 29 October 2012 jointly with the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, the European Parliament and the NATO Parliamentary Assembly, – having regard to the joint statement on the parliamentary elections in Ukraine issued by High Representative Catherine Ashton and Commissioner Štefan Füle on 12 November 2012, – having regard to the Council conclusions on Ukraine of 10 December 2012, – having regard to the statement made by former Polish President Aleksander Kwasniewski and former European Parliament President Pat Cox on 3 October 2012, stating that the elections will be ‘decisive’ for the future of Ukraine and that the ‘momentum in EU- Ukraine relations has stalled’, – having regard to the report of Parliament’s ad hoc election observation delegation to the parliamentary elections in Ukraine, presented at the Committee of Foreign Affairs meeting of 6 November 2012, – having regard to the EU-Ukraine Action Plan on Visa Liberalisation, adopted on 22 November 2010, – having regard to the ENP Progress Report on Ukraine, published on 15 May 2012, – having regard to Rule 110(2) and (4) of its Rules of Procedure, A.
    [Show full text]
  • Anti-Communism, Neoliberalisation, Fascism by Bozhin Stiliyanov
    Post-Socialist Blues Within Real Existing Capitalism: Anti-Communism, Neoliberalisation, Fascism by Bozhin Stiliyanov Traykov A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Sociology University of Alberta © Bozhin Stiliyanov Traykov, 2020 Abstract This project draws on Alex William’s (2020) contribution to Gramscian studies with the concept of complex hegemony as an emergent, dynamic and fragile process of acquiring power in socio- political economic systems. It examines anti-communism as an ideological element of neoliberal complex hegemony in Bulgaria. By employing a Gramcian politico-historical analysis I explore examples of material and discursive ideological practices of anti-communism. I show that in Bulgaria, anti-communism strives to operate as hegemonic, common-sensual ideology through legislative acts, production of historiography, cultural and educational texts, and newly invented traditions. The project examines the process of rehabilitation of fascist figures and rise of extreme nationalism, together with discrediting of the anti-fascist struggle and demonizing of the welfare state within the totalitarian framework of anti-communism. Historians Enzo Traverso (2016, 2019), Domenico Losurdo (2011) and Ishay Landa (2010, 2016) have traced the undemocratic roots of economic liberalism and its (now silenced) support of fascism against the “Bolshevik threat.” They have shown that, whether enunciated by fascist regimes or by (neo)liberal intellectuals, anti-communism is deeply undemocratic and shares deep mass-phobic disdain for political organizing of the majority. In this dissertation I argue that, in Bulgaria, anti- communism has not only opened the ideological space for extreme right and fascist politics, it has demoralized left political organizing by attacking any attempts for a politics of socio- economic justice as tyrannical.
    [Show full text]
  • Sudan, Country Information
    Sudan, Country Information SUDAN ASSESSMENT April 2003 Country Information and Policy Unit I SCOPE OF DOCUMENT II GEOGRAPHY III HISTORY IV STATE STRUCTURES V HUMAN RIGHTS HUMAN RIGHTS ISSUES HUMAN RIGHTS - SPECIFIC GROUPS ANNEX A - CHRONOLOGY ANNEX B - LIST OF MAIN POLITICAL PARTIES ANNEX C - GLOSSARY ANNEX D - THE POPULAR DEFENCE FORCES ACT 1989 ANNEX E - THE NATIONAL SERVICE ACT 1992 ANNEX F - LIST OF THE MAIN ETHNIC GROUPS OF SUDAN ANNEX G - REFERENCES TO SOURCE DOCUMENTS 1. SCOPE OF DOCUMENT 1.1 This assessment has been produced by the Country Information and Policy Unit, Immigration and Nationality Directorate, Home Office, from information obtained from a wide variety of recognised sources. The document does not contain any Home Office opinion or policy. 1.2 The assessment has been prepared for background purposes for those involved in the asylum/human rights determination process. The information it contains is not exhaustive. It concentrates on the issues most commonly raised in asylum/human rights claims made in the United Kingdom. 1.3 The assessment is sourced throughout. It is intended to be used by caseworkers as a signpost to the source material, which has been made available to them. The vast majority of the source material is readily available in the public domain. These sources have been checked for accuracy, and as far as can be ascertained, remained relevant and up-to-date at the time the document was issued. 1.4 It is intended to revise the assessment on a six-monthly basis while the country remains within the top 35 asylum-seeker producing countries in the United Kingdom.
    [Show full text]