DOCSLIB.ORG

Orchid Floral Fragrances and Their Niche in Conservation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Florida Orchid Conservation Conference 2011 THE SCENT OF A GHOST Orchid Floral Fragrances and Their Niche in Conservation James J. Sadler WHAT IS FLORAL FRAGRANCE? It is the blend of chemicals emitted by a flower to attract pollinators. These chemicals sometimes cannot be detected by our nose. 1 Florida Orchid Conservation Conference 2011 WHY STUDY FLORAL FRAGRANCE? Knowing the floral compounds may help improve measures to attract specific pollinators, increasing pollination and fruit-set to augment conservation. Chemical compounds can be introduced to increase pollinator density. FLORAL FRAGRANCE: BACKGROUND INFORMATION 90 plant families worldwide have been studied for floral fragrance, especially the Orchidaceae6 > 97% of orchid species remain unstudied7 Of all plants studied so far, the 5 most prevalent compounds are: limonene (71%), (E)-β-ocimene (71%), myrcene (70%), linalool (70%), and α-pinene (67%)6 2 Florida Orchid Conservation Conference 2011 POSSIBLE POLLINATORS BEES Found to pollinate via mimicry POSSIBLE POLLINATORS WASPS Similar as bees 3 Florida Orchid Conservation Conference 2011 POSSIBLE POLLINATORS FLIES Dracula spp. produce a smell similar to fungus where the eggs are laid POSSIBLE POLLINATORS MOTHS Usually white, large and fragrant at night 4 Florida Orchid Conservation Conference 2011 CASE STUDY The Ghost Orchid State Endangered1 Dendrophylax lindenii THE GHOST ORCHID Range: S Florida to Cuba Epiphyte of large cypress domes and hardwood hammocks Often affixed to pond apple or pop ash Leafless Flowers May-August 5 Florida Orchid Conservation Conference 2011 Leafless at maturity Understanding in situ pollination (Roots are photosynthetic) biology is critical for conservation Seed capsule Most fragrant at night Sweet-smelling (somewhat fruity) White coloration, long nectar spur suggest pollination by hawkmoths Photo: Emily Massey 6 Florida Orchid Conservation Conference 2011 The Giant Hawkmoth, Cocytius antaeus Drury proboscis www.blog.hmns.org DISTRIBUTION The Giant Hawkmoth, Cocytius antaeus Drury www.butterfliesandmoths.org 7 Florida Orchid Conservation Conference 2011 plants.ifas.ufl.edu Larva of Giant Sphinx Moth Larval food source5 Annona glabra L. silkmoths.bizland.com Pond Apple www.youtube.com/watch_popup?v=ca--GgEe2Zg#t=30 8 Florida Orchid Conservation Conference 2011 HOW CAN WE COLLECT A FLOWER’S SCENT? 1. Apparatus sturdy, yet light-weight 2. Contain non-volatile components 3. Prolonged exposure to floral compounds 4. Clean air to replace filtered floral headspace 5. Not harmful to epiphytes 6. Accommodate a range of floral sizes EXTRACTION OF GHOST ORCHID FLORAL FRAGRANCE IN SITU Jaclyn Smith J.J. Sadler Site located in Collier Co., FL 13 ghost orchids in flower at time Population size = ca. 50 individuals Sampling carried out over 2 nights Flowers sampled on 3 plants Photo: Larry Richardson 9 Florida Orchid Conservation Conference 2011 APPARATUS DIAGRAM 1= rubber stopper, 2=glass flask, 3=Parafilm, 4=oven bag, 5=stem enclosure, 6=air exit, 7=filtered incoming air 1. Sturdy, yet light-weight 2 students could carry all materials 2. Apparatus contain non-volatile components Oven bags and glass were used 3. Prolonged exposure to floral compounds At least 2 hours of exposure per unit of study 4. Clean air to replace filtered floral headspace Charcoal filter for incoming air 5. Not harmful to epiphytes Sturdy stand and seal was created with a plastic tie and bag 6. Accommodate a range of floral sizes A large bell flask was used 10 Florida Orchid Conservation Conference 2011 PVC pipe Adsorbent Charcoal filter Battery-powered vacuum pump GC SPECTRAL ANALYSIS solvent background methyl salicylate α-pinene sabinene linalool (E)-α-bergamotene 3-carene (E)-β-ocimene (E,E)-α-farnesene 11 Florida Orchid Conservation Conference 2011 COMPOUND COMPOSITION AS A PERCENTAGE WHY (E,E)-α-FARNESENE? CLUES: Odorless to humans Oddly, often associated with insects and/or insect-damaged plants8 Aphids (Hemiptera: Apidae) known to release trans-β-farnesene as an alarm pheromone when disturbed9 12 Florida Orchid Conservation Conference 2011 Could insects on the ghost orchid at time of sampling explain the prevalence of (E,E)-α-farnesene in the sample? MAYBE SO! HOW CAN WE KNOW THE POLLINATOR? Gas Chromatography- Electroantennographic Detection Clean air and compounds are puffed on insect antennae attached to the opening of an electrode GC/EAD tests what compounds elicit the antennal response of insects Monitors the electrical potential of each compound Results show which compounds are detectable by the insect’s antennae 13 Florida Orchid Conservation Conference 2011 IMPLICATIONS FOR CONSERVATION 1. Determine if a pollinator is being attracted through chemicals 2. Align pollinator surveys with peak emittance 3. Introduction of a synthetic “blend” of compounds (e.g., air pollution11) 4. Compounds may elude to other environmental interactions we do not “see” FUTURE WORK What pollinates this orchid? How is floral fragrance affected by its carbon source (i.e., mycotropy)? What role do insects have on published floral fragrance analyses? 14 Florida Orchid Conservation Conference 2011 Thank you! Questions? WORKS CITED 1. Brown P.M. (2005) Wild Orchids of Florida. University Press of Florida. Gainesville, FL. 2. Faegri K. & van der Pijl L. (1979) The Principles of Pollination Ecology (3rd ed.). Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK. 3. Dressler R.L. (1981) The Orchids-Natural History and Classification. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, UK. 4. Grant V. (1983) The systematic and geographical distribution of hawkmoth flowers in the temperate North American flora. Botanical Gazette 144: 439-449. 5. Covell C.V. (2005) A Field Guide to Moths of North America. Virginia Museum of Natural History, Special Publication Number 12. 6. Knudsen J.T., Eriksson R. & Gershenzon, J. (2006) Diversity and distribution of floral scent. The Botanical Review 72(1): 1-120. 7. Dressler R.L. (1993) Phylogeny and Classification of the Orchid Family. Dioscorides Press, Portland, OR. 8. Himanen S., Vuorinen T., Tuovinen T. & Holopainen J.K. (2005) Effects of cyclame mite (Phytonemus pallidus) and leaf beetle (Galerucella tenella) damage on volatile emission from strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) plants and orientation of predatory mites (Neoseiulus cucumeris, N. californicus, and Euseius finlandicus). J. Agric. Food Chem. 53: 8624-8630. 9. Yang S.L. & Zettler F.W. (1975) Effects of alarm pheromones on aphid probing behavior and virus transmission efficiency. Plant Disease Reporter 59: 902-905. 10. Paduraru, Peggy. M. et al. (2008) Synthesis of Substituted Alkoxy Benzene Minilibraries, for the Discovery of New Insect Olfaction or Gustation Inhibitors. J. Combinator Chem. 10(1): 123-134. 11. McFrederick Q.S. et al. (2008) Air pollution modifies floral scent trails. Atmospheric Environment 42: 2336-2348. 15 .
Recommended publications
  • Approved Plant List 10/04/12

    Approved Plant List 10/04/12

    FLORIDA The best time to plant a tree is 20 years ago, the second best time to plant a tree is today. City of Sunrise Approved Plant List 10/04/12 Appendix A 10/4/12 APPROVED PLANT LIST FOR SINGLE FAMILY HOMES SG xx Slow Growing “xx” = minimum height in Small Mature tree height of less than 20 feet at time of planting feet OH Trees adjacent to overhead power lines Medium Mature tree height of between 21 – 40 feet U Trees within Utility Easements Large Mature tree height greater than 41 N Not acceptable for use as a replacement feet * Native Florida Species Varies Mature tree height depends on variety Mature size information based on Betrock’s Florida Landscape Plants Published 2001 GROUP “A” TREES Common Name Botanical Name Uses Mature Tree Size Avocado Persea Americana L Bahama Strongbark Bourreria orata * U, SG 6 S Bald Cypress Taxodium distichum * L Black Olive Shady Bucida buceras ‘Shady Lady’ L Lady Black Olive Bucida buceras L Brazil Beautyleaf Calophyllum brasiliense L Blolly Guapira discolor* M Bridalveil Tree Caesalpinia granadillo M Bulnesia Bulnesia arboria M Cinnecord Acacia choriophylla * U, SG 6 S Group ‘A’ Plant List for Single Family Homes Common Name Botanical Name Uses Mature Tree Size Citrus: Lemon, Citrus spp. OH S (except orange, Lime ect. Grapefruit) Citrus: Grapefruit Citrus paradisi M Trees Copperpod Peltophorum pterocarpum L Fiddlewood Citharexylum fruticosum * U, SG 8 S Floss Silk Tree Chorisia speciosa L Golden – Shower Cassia fistula L Green Buttonwood Conocarpus erectus * L Gumbo Limbo Bursera simaruba * L
  • Annona Glabra Global Invasive Species Database (GISD)

    Annona Glabra Global Invasive Species Database (GISD)

    FULL ACCOUNT FOR: Annona glabra Annona glabra System: Terrestrial Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Plantae Magnoliophyta Magnoliopsida Magnoliales Annonaceae Common name kaitambu (English, Fiji), kaitambo (English, Fiji), uto ni bulumakau (English, Fiji), uto ni mbulumakau (English, Fiji), corossolier des marais (English, French), annone des marais (English, French), bullock's heart (English), alligator apple (English), pond apple (English), cherimoyer (English) Synonym Similar species Summary Annona glabra is a highly invasive woody weed that threatens wetland and riparian ecosystems of wet tropics, world heritage areas and beyond. It can establish as a dense understorey that suppresses other growth leading to monocultures. view this species on IUCN Red List Species Description “Tree (2-) 3-8 (-12)m high, the trunk narrowly buttressed at the base; leaves oblong-elliptical, acute or shortly acuminate, 7-15cm long, up to 6cm broad; pedicel curved, expanded distally; sepals 4.5mm long, 9mm broad, apiculate; outer petals valvate, ovate-cordate, cream-coloured with a crimson spot at base within, 2.5-3cm long, 2-2.5cm broad; inner petals subimbricate, shortly clawed, 2-2.5cm long, 1.5-1.7cm broad, whitish outside, dark crimson within; stigmas sticky, deciduous; fruit up to 12cm long, 8cm broad, yellow outside when ripe, pulp pinkish- orange, rather dry, pungent-aromatic; seeds light brown, 1.5cm long, 1cm broad.” (Adams, 1972. In PIER, 2003) Notes Naturalised and sometimes exhibiting invasive behaviour in French Polynesia, (PIER, 2003). In Australia excessive drainage of surrounding areas for land reclamation raises the saline water table level sufficient to kill melaleuca trees thus allowing invasion by the salt tolerant pond apple, (Land Protection, 2001).
  • Recolecta De Artrópodos Para Prospección De La Biodiversidad En El Área De Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica

    Recolecta De Artrópodos Para Prospección De La Biodiversidad En El Área De Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica

    Rev. Biol. Trop. 52(1): 119-132, 2004 www.ucr.ac.cr www.ots.ac.cr www.ots.duke.edu Recolecta de artrópodos para prospección de la biodiversidad en el Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica Vanessa Nielsen 1,2, Priscilla Hurtado1, Daniel H. Janzen3, Giselle Tamayo1 & Ana Sittenfeld1,4 1 Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio), Santo Domingo de Heredia, Costa Rica. 2 Dirección actual: Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060 San José, Costa Rica. 3 Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA. 4 Dirección actual: Centro de Investigación en Biología Celular y Molecular, Universidad de Costa Rica. [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Recibido 21-I-2003. Corregido 19-I-2004. Aceptado 04-II-2004. Abstract: This study describes the results and collection practices for obtaining arthropod samples to be stud- ied as potential sources of new medicines in a bioprospecting effort. From 1994 to 1998, 1800 arthropod sam- ples of 6-10 g were collected in 21 sites of the Área de Conservación Guancaste (A.C.G) in Northwestern Costa Rica. The samples corresponded to 642 species distributed in 21 orders and 95 families. Most of the collections were obtained in the rainy season and in the tropical rainforest and dry forest of the ACG. Samples were obtained from a diversity of arthropod orders: 49.72% of the samples collected corresponded to Lepidoptera, 15.75% to Coleoptera, 13.33% to Hymenoptera, 11.43% to Orthoptera, 6.75% to Hemiptera, 3.20% to Homoptera and 7.89% to other groups.
  • Lepidoptera Sphingidae:) of the Caatinga of Northeast Brazil: a Case Study in the State of Rio Grande Do Norte

    Lepidoptera Sphingidae:) of the Caatinga of Northeast Brazil: a Case Study in the State of Rio Grande Do Norte

    212212 JOURNAL OF THE LEPIDOPTERISTS’ SOCIETY Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society 59(4), 2005, 212–218 THE HIGHLY SEASONAL HAWKMOTH FAUNA (LEPIDOPTERA SPHINGIDAE:) OF THE CAATINGA OF NORTHEAST BRAZIL: A CASE STUDY IN THE STATE OF RIO GRANDE DO NORTE JOSÉ ARAÚJO DUARTE JÚNIOR Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 58059-900, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] AND CLEMENS SCHLINDWEIN Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. E-mail:[email protected] ABSTRACT: The caatinga, a thorn-shrub succulent savannah, is located in Northeastern Brazil and characterized by a short and irregular rainy season and a severe dry season. Insects are only abundant during the rainy months, displaying a strong seasonal pat- tern. Here we present data from a yearlong Sphingidae survey undertaken in the reserve Estação Ecológica do Seridó, located in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. Hawkmoths were collected once a month during two subsequent new moon nights, between 18.00h and 05.00h, attracted with a 160-watt mercury vapor light. A total of 593 specimens belonging to 20 species and 14 genera were col- lected. Neogene dynaeus, Callionima grisescens, and Hyles euphorbiarum were the most abundant species, together comprising up to 82.2% of the total number of specimens collected. These frequent species are residents of the caatinga of Rio Grande do Norte. The rare Sphingidae in this study, Pseudosphinx tetrio, Isognathus australis, and Cocytius antaeus, are migratory species for the caatinga.
  • Pine Island Ridge Management Plan

    Pine Island Ridge Management Plan

    Pine Island Ridge Conservation Management Plan Broward County Parks and Recreation May 2020 Update of 1999 Management Plan Table of Contents A. General Information ..............................................................................................................3 B. Natural and Cultural Resources ...........................................................................................8 C. Use of the Property ..............................................................................................................13 D. Management Activities ........................................................................................................18 E. Works Cited ..........................................................................................................................29 List of Tables Table 1. Management Goals…………………………………………………………………21 Table 2. Estimated Costs……………………………………………………………….........27 List of Attachments Appendix A. Pine Island Ridge Lease 4005……………………………………………... A-1 Appendix B. Property Deeds………….............................................................................. B-1 Appendix C. Pine Island Ridge Improvements………………………………………….. C-1 Appendix D. Conservation Lands within 10 miles of Pine Island Ridge Park………….. D-1 Appendix E. 1948 Aerial Photograph……………………………………………………. E-1 Appendix F. Development Agreement………………………………………………….. F-1 Appendix G. Plant Species Observed at Pine Island Ridge……………………………… G-1 Appendix H. Wildlife Species Observed at Pine Island Ridge ……... …………………. H-1 Appendix
  • The Cherimoya in Argentina

    The Cherimoya in Argentina

    California Avocado Society 1942 Yearbook 26: 122-123 The Cherimoya in Argentina Ing. Hernando de Irmay (Translation) The cultivation of the cherimoya in this country is very old. According to data which I have been able to gather, the cherimoyas were brought here from Bolivia, possibly from the region of Tarija or Santa Cruz de la Sierra. There is no record that named varieties of cherimoyas were imported from the exterior, and the existing orchards are almost all of seedlings grown from seeds of the better fruits. In the regions of Salta, Tucuman, and Jujuy, where about 95% of the orchards are located, the method of budding that has been and is still in use is the "umbonata como pie" (bent like a foot, or bent at right angle) which method, up to the present time, has given the best results. At the present time we have in Salta a selection of the best varieties of cherimoya— varieties which have been chosen for their excellent fruits, good production, and greatest resistance to frost. This selection consists of nine varieties, and the distribution of these varieties has already begun. The difficulties which we have in extending on a larger scale the cultivation of the cherimoya consist of the small production of the trees under cultivation and of the poor resistance to occasional freezes in the areas being cultivated. ROLINIA ROOT-STOCK INCREASES HARDINESS In regard to increasing the resistance to frost, the writer started years ago to experiment with the Rolinia emarginata (Rolinia is a plant belonging to the botanical family "Annonaceae") a species which grows wild in Misiones, Formosa, and other areas bordering Paraguay, where it has resisted temperatures as low as 10° centigrade below freezing, on certain occasions, without injury.
  • Ants Tend Ghost Orchids: Patrolling of Dendrophylax Lindenii (Orchidaceae) by Crematogaster Ashmeadi in Florida

    Ants Tend Ghost Orchids: Patrolling of Dendrophylax Lindenii (Orchidaceae) by Crematogaster Ashmeadi in Florida

    Ants tend ghost orchids: patrolling of Dendrophylax lindenii (Orchidaceae) by Crematogaster ashmeadi in Florida Peter R. Houlihan1,5,*, Andrea Lucky2, Mike Owen3, and Thomas C. Emmel1,2,4,6 Abstract Myriad symbioses exist between insects and orchids, especially in tropical forests where the majority of species are epiphytic. Relationships be- tween ants and rare epiphytic orchids are underrepresented in the scientific literature. The natural history and ecological entomology of Florida’s endangered and epiphytic ghost orchid, Dendrophylax lindenii (Lindley) Bentham ex Rolfe (Orchidaceae), remain limited. Widely recognized for long-standing hypotheses concerning the species’ pollination ecology, that documentation recently overturned, other interactions between insects and ghost orchids are scarce. Here we describe the first associations between ants, Crematogaster ashmeadi Mayr (Hymenoptera: For- micidae), and D. lindenii. Ghost orchid roots provide facultative and opportunistic structures for arboreal ants to use in nesting. Furthermore, excrement from ant colonies within the root mass can increase nutrient availability in the orchid’s nutrient-poor substrate; the proximity of these ants permits patrolling to defend the plant and exert control over possible extra floral nectaries that require further inquiry. This study presents novel observations that expand the known insect associations with ghost orchids, elucidating the complex ecology of one of Florida’s rarest and most endangered species. Key Words: ants; arboreal; ecology; epiphyte; Everglades; Fakahatchee Resumen Existen incontables números de simbiosis entre insectos y orquídeas, especialmente en los bosques tropicales donde la mayoría de las especies son epífitas. Las relaciones entre las hormigas y las orquídeas epífitas más raras están subrepresentadas en la literatura científica.
  • Alligator Apple – a Lesser-Known Multipurpose Plant

    Alligator Apple – a Lesser-Known Multipurpose Plant

    Green page: Article This column covers information on the introduction and cultivation practices of new, under-utilized and other economic plants in India. The information shall be contributed articles by authors or compiled by editors. Contribution of articles by plant growers, agronomists, horticulturists and floriculturists with cultural practices, seed source and economics are solicited. Alligator Apple – A lesser-known multipurpose plant D R Singh*, S Senani, R P Medhi and R B Rai Central Agriculture Research Institute (CARI) Post Box No.181, Port Blair-744101, Andaman and Nicobar, India *Correspondent author, E-mail: [email protected] Received 15 October 2004; Revised 23 December 2004 Abstract are attracted to sweet smelling fruit; it is not liked by man. However, it is a good Alligator apple (Annona glabra Linn.) is a lesser-known plant having various useful source of seeds which are rich in fats and properties. The paper deals with its cultivation prospects, nutritional composition of seeds and fiber. Seeds yield 25.35% ether soluble potential uses of seed oil as biodiesel. fraction and cotyledons 43 % fats2. Keywords: Alligator apple, Fatty acid, Bio-diesel. IPC Code; Int. cl.7— A01G 1/00, A01G 17/00, C11B 1/00 Tree characteristics Introduction Hort. and A. muricata Linn. Alligator Alligator apple tree is generally aple was spotted opposite Murgan Temple measuring 3-8 m in height. Bark is There have been many wild, on east bank of Dilthaman tank in swamps cracked brown with pale lenticels. Roots inedible but still edible fruit yielding in Port Blair at 11º36’51.2 N latitude and have thick corky pith.
  • Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society

    Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society

    Volume 62 Number 2 25 Aug 2008 ISSN 0024-0966 Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society Published quarterly by The Lepidopterists' Society ) ) THE LEPIDOPTERISTS’ SOCIETY Executive Council John H. Acorn, President John Lill, Vice President William E. Conner, Immediate Past President David D. Lavvrie, Secretary Andre V.L. Freitas, Vice President Kelly M. Richers, Treasurer Akito Kayvahara, Vice President Members at large: Kim Garwood Richard A. Anderson Michelle DaCosta Kenn Kaufman John V. Calhoun John H. Masters Plarry Zirlin Amanda Roe Michael G. Pogue Editorial Board John W. Rrovvn {Chair) Michael E. Toliver Member at large ( , Brian Scholtens (Journal Lawrence F. Gall ( Memoirs ) 13 ale Clark {News) John A. Snyder {Website) Honorary Life Members of the Society Charles L. Remington (1966), E. G. Munroe (1973), Ian F. B. Common (1987), Lincoln P Brower (1990), Frederick H. Rindge (1997), Ronald W. Hodges (2004) The object of The Lepidopterists’ Society, which was formed in May 1947 and formally constituted in December 1950, is “to pro- mote the science of lepidopterology in all its branches, ... to issue a periodical and other publications on Lepidoptera, to facilitate the exchange of specimens and ideas by both the professional worker and the amateur in the field; to secure cooperation in all mea- sures” directed towards these aims. Membership in the Society is open to all persons interested in the study of Lepidoptera. All members receive the Journal and the News of The Lepidopterists’ Society. Prospective members should send to the Assistant Treasurer full dues for the current year, to- gether with their lull name, address, and special lepidopterological interests.
  • Southwestern Rare and Endangered Plants: Proceedings of the Fourth

    Southwestern Rare and Endangered Plants: Proceedings of the Fourth

    Conservation Implications of Spur Length Variation in Long-Spur Columbines (Aquilegia longissima) CHRISTOPHER J. STUBBEN AND BROOK G. MILLIGAN Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003 ABSTRACT: Populations of long-spur columbine (Aquilegia longissima) with spurs 10-16 cm long are known only from a few populations in Texas, a historical collection near Baboquivari Peak, Arizona, and scattered populations in Coahuila, Chihuahua, and Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Populations of yellow columbine with spurs 7-10 cm long are also found in Arizona, Texas, and Mexico, and are now classified as A. longissima in the recent Flora of North America. In a multivariate analysis of floral characters from 11 yellow columbine populations representing a continuous range of spur lengths, populations with spurs 10-16 cm long are clearly separate from other populations based on increasing spur length and decreasing petal and sepal width. The longer-spurred columbines generally flower after monsoon rains in late summer or fall, and occur in intermittently wet canyons and steep slopes in pine-oak forests. Also, longer-spurred flowers can be pollinated by large hawkmoths with tongues 9-15 cm long. Populations with spurs 7-10 cm long cluster with the common golden columbine (A. chrysantha), and may be the result of hybridization between A. chrysantha and A. longissima. Uncertainty about the taxonomic status of intermediates has contributed to a lack of conservation efforts for declining populations of the long-spur columbine. The genus Aquilegia is characterized are difficult to identify accurately in by a wide diversity of floral plant keys. For example, floral spurs morphologies and colors that play a lengths are a key character used to major role in isolating two species via differentiate yellow columbine species in differences in pollinator visitation or the Southwest.
  • Aboretum Plant List.Xlsx

    Aboretum Plant List.Xlsx

    ROBERT J. HUCKSHORN OFFICIAL ARBORETUM PLANT LIST Common Name Scientific Name Family Ecosystem Wildlife Value The fruits of American beautyberry are an important food source for many species of birds American Beautyberry Callicarpa americana Verbenaceae Pine Flatwoods including bobwhite quails, mockingbirds, robins, Bahama Strongbark Bourreria succelenta Boraginaceae Butterfly Garden Nectar for butterflies, and fruit for wildlife Bald Cypress Taxodium distichum Taxodiaceae Mixed Hardwood Swamp Birds eat the cones Bitterbush Picramnia pentandra Simaroubaceae Tropical Hardwood Hammoc Berries for wildlife Blackbead Pithecellobium keyense Fabaceae Butterfly Garden This plant is attractive to bees, butterflies and This plant offers protection and food to several Black‐Eyed Susan Rudbeckia hirta Asteraceae Pine Flatwoods song and game birds Blolly Guapira discolor Nyctaginaceae Tropical Hardwood Hammoc Red fruit used by birds Blue Plumbago* Plumbago auriculata Plumbagnaceae Butterfly Garden Caterpillar food for Cassius Blues Butterfly Sage Cordia globosa Boraginaceae Butterfly Garden Nectar for butterflies and pollinators, berries for Fruits ripen in the late fall and are eaten by crows, mockingbirds, warblers, pileated and red‐ Cabbage Palmetto Sabal palmetto Arecaceae Pine Flatwoods bellied woodpeckers and squirrels. The blackish to purplish berries (cocoa‐plums or icacoa‐plums) are great for wildlife and are Cocoplum Chrysobalanus icaco Chrysobalanaceae Mixed Hardwood Swamp edible for people to taste; foilage may provide Coontie Zamia floridana
  • Annona Glabra (Pond Apple) 1 2 3 4 5 6

    Annona Glabra (Pond Apple) 1 2 3 4 5 6

    Restricted matter category Annona glabra (Pond Apple) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Priority 2.5/5 1.5/5 5.0/5 4.3/5 3.5/5 2.8/5 2.8/5 2.8/5 4.3/5 Description: Tall semi-deciduous shrub or tree reaching around 15m but typically 3-6 m. Pond apple is most likely to occur in wetlands and along stream margins. Leaves are lighter below than above and have a green apple scent when crushed. The large fruit is similar to a custard apple and are filled with floating seeds similar in size and shape to a pumpkin seed. Distribution: A number of isolated infestations occur along the Palm Creek and Lower Herbert River systems. Seeds may be present on debris line of coastal beaches. Details Impacts: Highly aggressive tree/shrub that can invade and take over a wide range of habitats. Forms dense thickets that exclude most native ground and shrub layer plants and prevents regeneration of trees. Key projects: All known infestations are currently under an eradication program. Pond apple is most likely to grow along creeks and in wetlands but it may also be found in old orchards where it was used as graft stock for custard apple in the past. Prevention Ensure appropriate weed hygiene protocols are in place for all survey and control operations in areas adjoining the eradication zone. Be particularly careful of weed spread risk when operating near creeks or wetlands. Keep an eye out for Pond apple in swamps, mangroves, estuaries or islands and report any suspect plants to Council.