Publications for Benjamin Oldroyd 2021 2020 2019
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www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Demographic analysis of arrhenotokous parthenogenesis and bisexual reproduction Received: 10 October 2017 Accepted: 8 February 2018 of Frankliniella occidentalis Published: xx xx xxxx (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Tianbo Ding1, Hsin Chi2, Ayhan Gökçe2, Yulin Gao3 & Bin Zhang 1 Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is a serious pest that is capable of bisexual and arrhenotokous reproduction. In arrhenotokous reproduction, virgin females initially produce male ofspring; later, when their sons are sexually mature, the mothers begin bisexual reproduction by carrying out oedipal mating with their sons. Because a virgin female produces many male ofspring before oedipal mating occurs, multiple oedipal mating is common. In this study, we investigated the efect of multiple oedipal mating on the population growth of F. occidentalis by using the age-stage, two-sex life table theory. In the arrhenotokous cohorts, all unfertilized eggs developed into males. In the bisexual cohorts, the ofspring sex ratio was signifcantly female biased with the mean number of female ofspring and male ofspring being 72.68 and 29.00, respectively. These were the same as the net reproductive rate of female ofspring and male ofspring. In arrhenotokous cohorts, the number of males available for oedipal mating signifcantly afected the production of female ofspring. The number of female ofspring increased as the number of sons available for oedipal mating increased. Correctly characterizing this unique type of reproduction will provide important information for predicting the timing of future outbreaks of F. occidentalis, as well as aiding in formulating successful management strategies against the species. Te western fower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Tysanoptera: Tripidae), is one of the most economically important insect pests of many horticultural crops especially in greenhouses1,2. -
Bee Forage Use), Services (Pollination Services) and Threats (Hive Theft and Vandalism
An assessment of different beekeeping practices in South Africa based on their needs (bee forage use), services (pollination services) and threats (hive theft and vandalism) by Tlou Samuel Masehela Dissertation presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Entomology in the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences at Stellenbosch University Supervisor: Dr Ruan Veldtman March 2017 Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Declaration By submitting this thesis/dissertation electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the sole author thereof (save to the extent explicitly otherwise stated), that reproduction and publication thereof by Stellenbosch University will not infringe any third party rights and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. March 2017 Copyright © 2017 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved ii Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za General summary Two honey bee subspecies indigenous to South Africa, Apis mellifera capensis Escholtz (Cape honey bee) and Apis mellifera scutellata Lepeletier, are actively managed by beekeepers for honey production, other bee related products (e.g. bees wax) and to provide pollination services. Historic records show that managed colonies of both subspecies to rely on a mix of exotic - (Eucalyptus species, agricultural crops, weeds and suburban plantings) and indigenous forage (genera and vegetation units). However, their extent of use and importance for honey production, pollination, colony maintenance and swarm trapping (together referred to as beekeeping practices), have not been fully explored across South Africa. Additionally, acts of hive theft and vandalism have become a key concern for the industry, threatening and potentially limiting beekeeping in some areas. -
Comparing Classical and Geometric Morphometric Methods To
Comparing classical and geometric morphometric methods to discriminate between the South African honey bee subspecies Apis mellifera scutellata and Apis mellifera capensis (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Tomas Bustamante, Benjamin Baiser, James D. Ellis To cite this version: Tomas Bustamante, Benjamin Baiser, James D. Ellis. Comparing classical and geometric morphome- tric methods to discriminate between the South African honey bee subspecies Apis mellifera scutel- lata and Apis mellifera capensis (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Apidologie, 2020, 51 (1), pp.123-136. 10.1007/s13592-019-00651-6. hal-03060423 HAL Id: hal-03060423 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03060423 Submitted on 14 Dec 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Apidologie (2020) 51:123–136 Original article * INRA, DIB and Springer-Verlag France SAS, part of Springer Nature, 2019 DOI: 10.1007/s13592-019-00651-6 Comparing classical and geometric morphometric methods to discriminate between the South African honey bee subspecies Apis mellifera scutellata and Apis mellifera capensis (Hymenoptera: Apidae) 1 2 1 Tomas BUSTAMANTE , Benjamin BAISER , James D. ELLIS 1Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA 2Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA Received 28 June 2018 – Revised 11 February 2019 – Accepted 26 April 2019 Abstract – There are two endemic subspecies of western honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) in the Republic of South Africa (RSA), A.m. -
The Evolution of Insect Genetic Systems Tyler Myerly Dan Sheridan
The Evolution Of Insect Genetic Systems Tyler Myerly Dan Sheridan Patterns of Evolutionary Transition Goal: Understanding variation in genetic systems is dependent on understanding the the transition between the different genetic systems What genetic system is being favored in this image? What causes this? Discussion Question Why is this seen mostly in just insects? We rarely have mammals being able to possess these systems that allow them to produce offspring in different ways. Why wouldn’t they lean towards evolving in this way if it is so advantageous? Evolution of Alternative Genetic Systems Major classes of systems: ● Diploid males- Diplodiploidy ● Effective haploid males- Haplodiploidy ● Without males- Thelytoky Mixed systems overlap these three major classes. This is where it gets confusing. Diplodiploidy ● Ancestral genetic system ● Individuals have a diploid genome, where each parent contributes a recombined haploid genome to each offspring ● Alternate genetic systems derive from diplodiploidy and evolutionary arise from dynamics such as sex-determination and intersexual conflicts Thelytoky ● Females transmit maternal genes and produce only female offspring ● Endosymbiont related ○ Thelytokous Parthenogenesis: No mating and no males ■ Apomixis: no meiosis, diploid egg produced via mitosis ■ Automixis: meiosis where the two products re-fuse to form a diploid female Aphids alternate between diplodiploidy and apomictic thelytokus parthneogenesis Haplodiploidy ● Arrhenotoky and PGE ● Originated at least 10 different times in Insects! -
Sex Determination in the Haplodiploid Wasp Nasonia Vitripennis (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea): a Critical Consideration of Models and Evidence Leo W
Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology 18 (2007) 371–378 Review Sex determination in the haplodiploid wasp Nasonia vitripennis (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea): A critical consideration of models and evidence Leo W. Beukeboom ∗, Albert Kamping, Louis van de Zande Evolutionary Genetics, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, Biological Centre, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 14, NL-9750 AA Haren, The Netherlands Available online 13 January 2007 Abstract Sex determining mechanisms are highly diverse. Like all Hymenoptera, the parasitic wasp Nasonia vitripennis reproduces by haplodiploidy: males are haploid and females are diploid. Sex in Nasonia is not determined by complementary alleles at sex loci. Evidence for several alternative models is considered. Recent studies on a polyploid and a gynandromorphic mutant strain point to a maternal product that is balanced against the number of chromosomal complements in the zygote and a parent-specific (imprinting) effect. Research is now focused on the molecular details of sex determination in Nasonia. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Genomic imprinting; Hymenoptera; Nasonia; Polyploidy; Sex determination Contents 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................ 371 2. Mutant strains .......................................................................................................... 372 3. Sex determination models ............................................................................................... -
University of Groningen No Patrigenes Required for Femaleness in The
University of Groningen No patrigenes required for femaleness in the haplodiploid wasp Nasonia vitripennis Beukeboom, L.W.; Kamping, A. Published in: Genetics DOI: 10.1534/genetics.105.044743 IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 2006 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Beukeboom, L. W., & Kamping, A. (2006). No patrigenes required for femaleness in the haplodiploid wasp Nasonia vitripennis. Genetics, 172(2), 981-989. https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.105.044743 Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). The publication may also be distributed here under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the “Taverne” license. More information can be found on the University of Groningen website: https://www.rug.nl/library/open-access/self-archiving-pure/taverne- amendment. Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. -
Evolution of Haplont, Diplont Or Haploid-Diploid Life Cycles When Haploid and Diploid fitnesses Are Not Equal
Evolution of haplont, diplont or haploid-diploid life cycles when haploid and diploid fitnesses are not equal Michael F Scott1, Marie Rescan2;3 1 Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 3529-6270 Univer- sity Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4 2 CNRS, Unit´eMixte Internationale 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, Roscoff, France 3 Sorbonne Universit´es,Universit´ePierre et Marie Curie, University of Paris 6, Roscoff, France email: [email protected]. Keywords: alternation of generations, life cycle evolution, diplohaplontic, modifier model, multilocus simulations Running Title: Haploid-Diploid Evolution 1 Abstract 2 Many organisms spend a significant portion of their life cycle as haploids and as diploids (a haploid-diploid life cycle). However, the 4 evolutionary processes that could maintain this sort of life cycle are unclear. Most previous models of ploidy evolution have assumed that 6 the fitness effects of new mutations are equal in haploids and homozy- gous diploids, however, this equivalency is not supported by empirical 8 data. With different mutational effects, the overall (intrinsic) fitness of a haploid would not be equal to that of a diploid after a series 10 of substitution events. Intrinsic fitness differences between haploids and diploids can also arise directly, e.g., because diploids tend to have 12 larger cell sizes than haploids. Here, we include intrinsic fitness differ- ences into genetic models for the evolution of time spent in the haploid 14 versus diploid phases, in which ploidy affects whether new mutations are masked. Life cycle evolution can affected by intrinsic fitness dif- 16 ferences between phases, the masking of mutations, or a combination of both. -
Parthenogensis
PARTHENOGENSIS Parthenogenesis is the development of an egg without fertilization. (Gr.Parthenos=virgin; gensis=birth). The individuals formed by parthenogenesis are called parthenotes. Parthenogenesis may be of two types. They are natural parthenogenesis and artificial parthenogenesis. 1. NATURAL PARTHENOGENESIS When parthenogenesis occur spontaneously, it is said to be natural parthenogenesis. Parthenogenesis is a regular natural phenomenon in a few groups of animals. Some animals reproduce exclusively by parthenogenesis. 1 In some other species, parthenogenesis alternates with sexual reproduction. Based on this, natural parthenogenesis is divided into two groups, namely complete parthenogenesis and incomplete parthenogenesis. 1) Complete Parthenogenesis In certain animal parthenogenesis is the only method of reproduction. This type of parthenogenesis is called complete or total or obligatory parthenogenesis. Populations exhibiting total parthenogenesis consist entirely of females. There are no males. E.g. Lacerta (lizard). 1) Incomplete Parthenogenesis In some animals parthenogenesis reproduction and sexual reproduction occur alternately. This is called incomplete or cyclical parthenogenesis. 2 Example a. In gallflies, there is one parthenogenetic reproduction and one sexual reproduction per year (P,S,P,S, (P,S,………). b. In aphids, daphnids and rotifers one sexual reproduction occurs in summer after many parthenogenetic reproductions, (P,P,P,P,P,S,…..P,P,P,P,P,S……..P,). Natural parthenogenesis is further classified into two types. They are haploid parthenogenesis or arrhenotoky and diploid parthenogenesis or thelytoky. A. Haploid Parthenogenesis or Arrhenotoky It is the development of a hyploid egg into a haploid animal. All the haploid individulas are males. Arrhenotoky occur in insects, rotifers and arachnids. 3 i. Haploid Parthenogenesis in insects: In insects haploid parthenogenesis is exhibited by hymenoptera, homoptera, colepters and thysanoptera. -
Apidologie 2-2002.Vp
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE Apidologie 33 (2002) 193–202 provided by Wageningen University & Research Publications © INRA/DIB-AGIB/EDP Sciences, 2002 DOI: 10.1051/apido:2002009 193 Review article Getting more than a fair share: nutrition of worker larvae related to social parasitism in the Cape honey bee Apis mellifera capensis Johan N.M. CALISa*, Willem J. BOOTa, Mike H. ALLSOPPb, Madeleine BEEKMANc a Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, PO Box 8031, 6700 EH Wageningen, The Netherlands b Honeybee Research Section, ARC-Plant Protection Research Institute, Private Bag X5017, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa c Schools of Biological Sciences & Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, A12, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia (Received 19 July 2001; revised 2 October 2001; accepted 21 November 2001) Abstract – Besides activation of ovaries and thelytokous reproduction of Cape workers, larval nutri- tion is an important aspect in parasitism of the African honey bee. When reared by workers of other subspecies, Cape larvae receive more food which is slightly more royal jelly-like. This results in worker-queen intermediates, with reduced pollen combs, enlarged spermathecae and higher numbers of ovarioles. The intermediates weigh more and develop faster than normal workers. The appearance of worker-queen intermediates probably affects parasitism of the African honey bee colonies by Cape workers. Different levels of larval nutrition resulting in less distinct caste differentiation may be im- portant for the reproductive success of Cape workers in their own colonies. Similar processes, albeit less pronounced, may occur in colonies of other subspecies. Apis mellifera capensis / A. -
Thelytoky in Cape Honeybees (Apis Mellifera Capensis) Is Controlled by a Single Recessive Locus Denise Aumer, Mike H
Thelytoky in Cape honeybees (Apis mellifera capensis) is controlled by a single recessive locus Denise Aumer, Mike H. Allsopp, H. Michael G. Lattorff, Robin F. A. Moritz, Antje Jarosch-Perlow To cite this version: Denise Aumer, Mike H. Allsopp, H. Michael G. Lattorff, Robin F. A. Moritz, Antje Jarosch-Perlow. Thelytoky in Cape honeybees (Apis mellifera capensis) is controlled by a single recessive locus. Api- dologie, Springer Verlag, 2017, 48 (3), pp.401-410. 10.1007/s13592-016-0484-0. hal-01676925 HAL Id: hal-01676925 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01676925 Submitted on 6 Jan 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Apidologie (2017) 48:401–410 Original article * INRA, DIB and Springer-Verlag France, 2016 DOI: 10.1007/s13592-016-0484-0 Thelytoky in Cape honeybees (Apis mellifera capensis ) is controlled by a single recessive locus 1 2 1,4 Denise AUMER , Mike H. ALLSOPP , H. Michael G. LATTORFF , 1,3,4 1 Robin F. A. MORITZ , Antje JAROSCH-PERLOW 1Department of Molecular Ecology, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher -
Gene Flow in Trichogramma Wasps
Heredity 73 (1994) 317—327 Received 28 February 1994 The Genetical Society of Great Britain Cytogenetics of microbe-associated parthenogenesis and its consequences for gene flow in Trichogramma wasps RICHARD STOUTHAMERff* & DAVID J. KAZMERt tDepartmentof Entomology, University of Cailfornia, Riverside, CA 92521 and Departrnent of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, U.S.A. Cytogeneticsand gene flow were studied in microbe-associated parthenogenetic (thelytokous) forms of three species of the genus Trichogramma (T pretiosum, T deion and T. nr. deion). The chromosome behaviour in newly laid eggs indicated that the mechanism allowing restoration of diploidy in unfertilized thelytokous eggs was a segregation failure of the two sets of chromosomes in the first mitotic anaphase. This results in a nucleus containing two sets of identical chromosomes. The mechanism is known as gamete duplication and results m complete homozygosity. This was confirmed by investigation of the segregation pattern of allozymes in the offspring of heterozygous thelytokous females. Contrary to the generally assumed genetic isolation of thelytokous lines, thelytokous females of these species can mate and will use the sperm to fertilize some of their eggs. These fertilized eggs give rise to females whose genome consists of one set of chromosomes from each parent. Egg fertilization and the resulting syngamy of the sperm and egg pronucleus apparently precludes the gamete duplication that would have taken place if the egg had remained unfertilized. Most field populations of Trichogramma contain both parthenogenetic (thelytokous) and sexual (arrhenotokous) forms. In the two field populations that we studied there was evidence for high levels of gene flow from the sexual (arrhenotokous) fraction to the parthenogenetic (thelytokous) fraction of the population. -
Cape Honey Bee Apis Mellifera Capensis Escholtz (Hymenoptera: Apidae)1 James D
EENY-513 Cape Honey Bee Apis mellifera capensis Escholtz (Hymenoptera: Apidae)1 James D. Ellis2 Introduction Identification The Cape honey bee, Apis mellifera capensis Escholtz is Cape bees have been distinguished from A. m. scutellata a subspecies (or race) of western honey bee, A. mellifera and other African races of honey bees using morphometric Linnaeus, that occurs naturally in the Cape region of techniques. Genetic analyses are used increasingly as South Africa. Upon casual observation, Cape bees look complications with morphometric techniques arise. Most very similar to another race of honey bee present in South beekeepers in South Africa use other characteristics to Africa, Apis mellifera scutellata Lepeltier (the ‘African’ identify Cape bees, namely (1) the ability of worker bees to honey bee of the Americas). Yet reproductively, Cape bees produce female offspring, (2) the highly developed ovaries differ significantly from Apis mellifera scutellata and other in Cape laying-workers, and (3) small, queenless swarms. honey bee races, making it perhaps the most distinctive Once these phenotypes can be detected, Cape bees usually race of A. mellifera worldwide. are established already. Figure 1. Cape honey bees at a feeding station in South Africa. Figure 2. A female Cape honey bee collecting pollen and nectar on a Credits: Anthony Vaudo, University of Florida flower in South Africa. Credits: Thomas Scarborough, thomasscarborough.blogspot.com 1. This document is EENY-513, one of a series of the Department of Entomology and Nematology, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date December 2011. Revised October 2014 and December 2017. Visit the EDIS website at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu.