Naval War College Review Volume 65 Article 22 Number 3 Summer 2012 Summer 2012 Review The .SU . Naval War College Follow this and additional works at: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review Recommended Citation War College, The .SU . Naval (2012) "Summer 2012 Review," Naval War College Review: Vol. 65 : No. 3 , Article 22. Available at: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol65/iss3/22 This Full Issue is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Naval War College Review by an authorized editor of U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. War College: Summer 2012 Review NAVAL WAR C OLLEGE REVIEW NAVAL WAR COLLEGE REVIEW Summer 2012 Volume 65, Number 3 Summer 2012 Summer Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 2012 1 NWC_Summer2012_Cover.indd 1 5/3/2012 11:12:25 AM Naval War College Review, Vol. 65 [2012], No. 3, Art. 22 Cover What appears to be a recruiting poster is actually a large backdrop, charcoal on rough canvas, used in a play produced in the early years of World War II by U.S. naval personnel at Naval Air Station Quonset Point, Rhode Island. The dark outlines that can be seen around, for in- stance, the smoke in the foreground would not have been visible from “across the footlights.” The backdrop hangs today in a wooden frame in the lobby of the Naval War College’s McCarty Little Hall. Oil and charcoal image in the collec- tion of the Naval War College Museum, Newport, Rhode Island. Design by Emilie Ting of the Naval War College Visual Communications Department. https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol65/iss3/22 2 NWC_Summer2012_Cover.indd 2 5/3/2012 11:12:35 AM War College: Summer 2012 Review NAVAL WAR COLLEGE REVIEW Summer 2012 Volume 65, Number 3 NAVAL WAR COLLEGE PRESS 686 Cushing Road Newport, RI 02841-1207 Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 2012 3 Naval War College Review, Vol. 65 [2012], No. 3, Art. 22 NAVAL WAR COLLEGE PRESS ADVISORY BOARD PRESIDENT, NAVAL WAR COLLEGE Adam Bellow Rear Adm. John N. Christenson, USN Jeffrey Kline PROVOST Gale A. Mattox Amb. Mary Ann Peters Robert A. Silano Marin Strmecki DEAN OF NAVAL WARFARE STUDIES Dov S. Zakheim Robert C. Rubel NAVAL WAR COLLEGE PRESS NAVAL WAR COLLEGE REVIEW EDITORIAL BOARD Carnes Lord, Editor Donald Chisholm Pelham G. Boyer, Managing Editor Audrey Kurth Cronin Phyllis P. Winkler, Book Review Editor Peter Dombrowski Lori A. Almeida, Secretary and Circulation Manager Stephen Downes-Martin Frank Uhlig, Jr., Editor Emeritus Col. Theodore L. Gatchel, USMC (Ret.) James R. Holmes Naval War College Review Capt. Dennis Mandsager, JAGC, USN (Ret.) Code 32, Naval War College William C. Martel 686 Cushing Rd., Newport, RI 02841-1207 Col. Mackubin Owens, USMC (Ret.) Fax: 401.841.1071 Cdr. Derek S. Reveron, USN DSN exchange, all lines: 841 Capt. Peter M. Swartz, USN (Ret.) Website: www.usnwc.edu/press Cdr. David Teska, USCGR http://twitter.com/NavalWarCollege Scott C. Truver Editor, Circulation, or Business James J. 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Permissions Reproduction and reprinting are subject to the Copyright Act of 1976 and appli- cable treaties of the United States. To obtain permission to reproduce material bearing a copyright notice, or to reproduce any material for commercial pur- poses, contact the editor for each use. Material not bearing a copyright notice may be freely reproduced for academic or other noncommercial use; however, it is requested that the author and Naval War College Review be credited and that the editor be informed. Periodicals postage paid at Newport, R.I. POSTMASTERS, send address changes to: Naval War College Review, Code 32S, Naval War College, 686 Cushing Rd., Newport, R.I. 02841-1207. ISSN 0028-1484 Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 2012 5 Naval War College Review, Vol. 65 [2012], No. 3, Art. 22 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol65/iss3/22 6 War College: Summer 2012 Review CONTENTS From the Editors . 3 Reflections on the Stockdale Legacy . 7 Martin L. Cook President’s Forum . 19 Naval Operations A Close Look at the Operational Level of War at Sea. 23 Captain Wayne P. Hughes, Jr., U.S. Navy (Retired) The operational level of war at sea is useful in promoting congruence between campaign planning and execution, heightening awareness of operational logistics, and clarifying the roles of theater commanders, but above all in testing strategy—without which strategy is only hypothesis. The New Normalcy Sea Power and Contingency Operations in the Twenty-First Century . 47 Captain Robert B. Watts, U.S. Coast Guard The “crisis contingency”—a concatenation of crises of scope and impact unprecedented until recently—is becoming a frequent challenge for navies. Sea power must adapt to its unaccustomed realities. The Aegis BMD Global Enterprise A “High End” Maritime Partnership . 65 Brad Hicks, George Galdorisi, and Scott C. Truver Against the increasing threat of ballistic missiles, the Aegis BMD capabilities of the navies of the United States, its allies, and its friends can provide the Global Maritime Partnership with a means to wage “high end” warfare with combined, coordinated, ballistic-missile defense: the Aegis BMD Global Enterprise. Learning from Lebanon Airpower and Strategy in Israel’s 2006 War against Hezbollah . 83 Benjamin S. Lambeth Israel’s 2006 campaign against Hezbollah was the first in the nation’s history to end without a clear-cut military victory. But there was no single point of failure, least of all on the part of Israeli airpower, as commonly alleged. Instead, it reflected an overarching deficiency in strategy choice. Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 2012 7 2 NAVAL WAR NavalCOLLEGE War REVIEW College Review, Vol. 65 [2012], No. 3, Art. 22 China’s Aerospace Power Trajectory in the Near Seas . .105 Daniel J. Kostecka As the Chinese military continues to modernize—especially its naval, air force, and missile aero- space forces—and to develop its counterstrike doctrine, its ability to defend the nation’s “near seas” grows. However, the People’s Liberation Army is not without its weaknesses in this area. Phase Zero How China Exploits It, Why the United States Does Not. 123 Scott D. McDonald, Brock Jones, and Jason M. Frazee China’s strategic culture emphasizes early and subtle manipulation to bend the wills of adversaries without combat or to engage in combat from a position of advantage. The United States is con- strained from responding in kind by its own peacetime culture, habits, and doctrine. The Navy’s Moral Compass Commanding Officers and Personal Misconduct . 136 Captain Mark F. Light, U.S. Navy Only a small percentage of commanding officers are being fired for personal misconduct, but the number is too high, and it continues to grow. There does not seem to be consensus that the prob- lem urgently demands transformational change. But it does. Book Reviews Leaders at War: How Presidents Shape Military Interventions, by Elizabeth N. Saunders reviewed by Frederick H. Black, Jr. 153 Improving Intelligence Analysis: Bridging the Gap between Scholarship and Practice, by Stephen Marrin reviewed by Derek Reveron. 154 Currency Wars: The Making of the Next Global Crisis, by James Rickards reviewed by Edward Fuller and Robert C. Whitten . 155 In Uncertain Times: American Foreign Policy after the Berlin Wall and 9/11, edited by Melvyn P. Leffler and Jeffrey W. Legro reviewed by Norah Schneider . 156 Democratization in Africa: Progress and Retreat, edited by Larry Diamond and Marc F. Plattner reviewed by Richard Norton . 157 Conquered into Liberty: Two Centuries of Battles along the Great Warpath That Made the American Way of War, by Eliot A. Cohen reviewed by Ken Jensen . 158 Deterrence through Strength: British Naval Power and Foreign Policy under Pax Britannica, by Rebecca Berens Matzke reviewed by Angus K. Ross . 159 Pirates, Ports, and Coasts in Asia: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives, edited by John Kleinen and Manon Osseweijer Oceans of Crime: Maritime Piracy and Transnational Security in Southeast Asia and Bangladesh, by Carolin Liss reviewed by Martin N.