Development of a Strategic Framework for Information Technology Implementation in Libyan Airports
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Development of a Strategic Framework for Information Technology Implementation in Libyan Airports Abdulhakim Ali El Sabu School of the Built Environment [SoBE] College of Science & Technology The University of Salford Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements of the Degree of Master of Philosophy, November 2015 Table of Contents Table of contents... ..................................................................... ii Declaration ............................................................................. viii Acknowledgement ..................................................................... ix Dedication .................................................................................. x List of abbreviations ................................................................ xiv List of tables ............................................................................ xv List of figurs…………………………………………………………………………………………xviii Appendices…………………………………………………………………………………………..xxii Abstract ................................................................................ xxiii 1.0 Introduction ..................................................................................... 2 1.1 Strategies for IT Implementation. .................................................... 3 1.2 Concept of Technology. ..................................................................... 4 1.3 The Aviation Sector. ....................................................................... 4 1.3.1 Information Technology Challenge in Libyan Airports. ................... 7 1.3.2 IT System used in case study airport ............................................. 7 1.3.3 Barriers and issues relating to IT implementation. ......................... 8 Why are barriers important? ................................................................. 8 1.4 Rationale for the research. ............................................................ 10 1.4.1 Motivation for the Study. ......................................................... 10 1.4.2 Personal Motivation. ............................................................... 11 1.4.3 Filling in the IT Gap at Libyan Airports. ...................................... 11 1.6 Research Aim and Objectives......................................................... 12 1.7 Literature Review. ........................................................................ 13 1.7.1 Information Technology Definitions. .......................................... 13 1.7.2 Why Engage in Information Technology Implementation? ............. 13 1.7.3 Today’s Information Technology. ............................................. 14 1.8 Research Methodology. ................................................................. 15 1.8.1 Research Philosophy. .............................................................. 15 1.8.2 Research Strategy. ................................................................. 15 ii 1.8.3 Research Approach. ................................................................ 15 1.8.4 Research Techniques for Data Collection. ................................... 16 1.8.5 Data Analysis. ........................................................................ 16 1.9 Scope and Limitations. ................................................................. 17 1.9.1 The Scope. ............................................................................ 17 1.9.2 The Research Limitations. ........................................................ 17 1.10 Ethical Issues ........................................................................... 18 1.10.1 Ethical Considerations. ............................................................ 18 1.11 Guide for thesis. ....................................................................... 19 1.12 Chapter Summary. .................................................................... 20 2.0 Literature Review ........................................................................... 22 2.1 Definitions of Information Technology .......................................... 22 2.1.1 Defining and Studying Acceptance. .......................................... 23 2.1.2 Characteristics of Acceptable technology. ................................... 23 2.1.3 Characteristics of Accepting Users. ........................................... 24 2.2 The characteristics and implementaion of IT ................................. 26 2.3 Information thecnology induce change in a organisation ................. 28 2.3.1 The strategic importance of informatio technology . .................... 28 2.3.2 Designing and Implementing Acceptable Technologies. ................ 39 2.4 Why Engage in Information Technology Implementation? ............... 31 2.4.1 The Benefits of Systematic IT .................................................. 31 2.4.2 IT Implementation Strategy Process. ....................................... 31 2.4.3 Success Factors in the Airport Industry. .................................... 32 2.5 IT Response and Monitoring. ...................................................... 37 2.5.1 Technology Monitoring (TM) as Part of the Business Process. ....... 38 2.5.2 Technology Monitoring within the wider Framework. ................... 38 2.6 Definition of Corporate Information Technology ................................ 39 2.7 Today’s Information Technology.................................................... 39 2.7.1 The Role of IT. ........................................................................ 40 2.7.2 Information Technology Implementation Capability in the Libyan Context. .......................................................................................... 41 iii 2.8 Chapter Summary. .................................................................... 42 3.0 The Libyan background ...................................................................... 44 3.1 Introduction ............................................................................... 44 3.2 Geography, Politics and the Socio-Economic Background .................. 44 3.2.1 Location and Area .................................................................. 44 3.3 Historical and Political Background .................................................... 45 3.3.1 Political and Legal System. ...................................................... 47 3.3.2 Climate ................................................................................. 49 3.3.3 Population and Language ........................................................ 49 3.3.4 Time and Business hours .......................................................... 49 3.3.5 Currency ................................................................................ 50 3.4 Economic Background ................................................................. 50 3.4.1 Overview of the Economy ......................................................... 51 3.5 The Social and Cultural Structure in Libya ...................................... 51 3.6 Infrastructure ............................................................................ 52 3.6.1 Transportation ........................................................................ 52 3.6.2 Information Communication Technology (ICT) ............................. 53 3.6.3 Energy .................................................................................. 54 3.6.4 Labour force ........................................................................... 55 3.7 Government Policies towards Multinational Companies ...................... 55 3.7.1 Regulations and Investments’ Incentives .................................... 56 3.7.2 Volume of Private Foreign Companies' Investments...................... 59 3.7.3 International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)........................... 59 3.8 The Aviation Sector ...................................................................... 61 3.8.1 The Libyan Civil Aviation Organization (LCAO). ........................... 62 3.8.2 Information Technology Challenges in Libyan Airports. ................ 62 3.8.3 Information Technology Challenges in Libyan Airports. ................ 63 3.9 The Libyan airports ..................................................................... 52 3.9.1 Tripoli Airport – Libya Case Study 1 .......................................... 64 3.9.2 Benghazi Airport – Libya Case Study 2 ...................................... 66 iv 3.10 Libya’s International Traffic ......................................................... 67 3.11 Chapter Summary ...................................................................... 70 4.0 Introduction ................................................................................... 73 4.1 Defining Research ........................................................................ 73 4.2 Type of Research ......................................................................... 73 4.3 The Research Methodology Model .................................................. 74 4.4 Research Philosophy .................................................................... 77 4.5 Research Approach ...................................................................... 78 4.6 Research Strategy ....................................................................... 81 4.7 Single Case Study or Multiple Case Studies ..................................... 82 4.8 Research Method ......................................................................... 83 4.8.1 Rationale for Adopting the Case Study Research Approach ........... 84 4.8.2 Selection of Multi-Case