RP784 V 1
Public Disclosure Authorized Resettlement Plan
Nannin-Guangzhou Railway Public Disclosure Authorized Construction Project
Freign Investment Center of Ministry of Railways
Public Disclosure Authorized of P.R.C.
March 10 2009 Public Disclosure Authorized Resettlement Plan for Raiway from Nanning to Guangzhou
Table of Contents
Executive Summary of Resettlement Action Plan...... 4
Chapter I Overview ...... 9
1.1 Project Description ...... 9 1.2 Preparation for Relocation Plan...... 11 1.3 Measures to Minimize the Impacts of Engineering ...... 11 1.3.1 Stage of Project Planning and Design...... 11 1.3.2 Stage of Engineering Construction...... 13 1.3.3 Stage of Project Land Requisition, Demolition and Implementation ...... 14
Chapter II Socio-economic survey...... 15
2.1 Overall socio-economic conditions of the regions affected by the project ...... 15 2.2 Overview of autonomous region, province, city, county and districts along the line ...... 16 2.3 Social and Economic Investigation...... 27 2.3.1 General Outline ...... 27 2.3.2 Investigation by the Second and Fourth Institutes of China Railway and China Railway Consulting (2008)...... 27 2.3.3 Social economic investigation by Southwest Jiaotong University (2008)...... 28 2.4 Social economic characteristics of the affected population ...... 32 2.4.1 General Outline ...... 32 2.4.2 Human resource...... 32 2.4.3 Natural Resources...... 37 2.4.4 Material resources...... 38 2.4.5 Financial resource...... 39 2.4.6 Affected minority...... 41 2.4.7 Vulnerable group ...... 42
Chapter III Project impacts ...... 44
3.1 Scope of project impacts...... 44 3.2Material indicators of project impact...... 44 3.2.1Permanent land appropriation...... 44 2.3.2Temporary land use ...... 49 3.3.3 Building demolition and relocation ...... 49 3.3.4 Population affected by the project ...... 49 3.3.5 Enterprises and public institutions...... 50 3.3.6 Shops and commercial buildings ...... 59 3.3.7 Sporadic trees and graves ...... 60 3.3.8 Dedicated facilities ...... 60
Chapter IV The Policy Framework of Resettlement...... 62
4.1 The Objectives of Resettlement...... 62 4.2 Applicable Policies and Laws...... 62 4.2.1The Policy of Involuntary Resettlements of the World Bank ...... 62 4.2.2 Legal Framework...... 64
WB Loan Project Nanning1 to Guangzhou Railway Resettlement Plan for Raiway from Nanning to Guangzhou
4.2.3 Relevant Legal and Policy Regulations of China and Provincial Government ...... 65
Chapter V Compensation Criteria and Compensation Budget ...... 79
5.1 Compensation Criteria...... 79 5.1.1 Compensation criteria for land requisition ...... 79 5.1.2 Compensation Criteria for House Demolition and Ground Attachment...... 84 5.1.3 Compensation Criteria for Infrastructure and Special Facilities compensation criteria ...... 89 5.2 Estimation of Compensation Costs for Migration ...... 89
Chapter VI Resettlement and Development of Livelihood...... 98
6.1 General Principles...... 98 6.2 Planning of Villagers’ Livelihood...... 99 6.2.1 Land is owned collectively by villagers ...... 99 6.2.2 Villager Self-administration...... 100 6.2.3 Means of villagers’ livelihood planning ...... 101 6.2.4 The first stage – general plan of livelihood development...... 102 6.2.5 Second stage – detailed plan of villagers’ livelihood...... 107 6.3 Relocation Plans ...... 108 6.3.1 Production Plan ...... 108 6.3.2 Housing Plan for Relocation...... 114 6.3.3 Relocation Plan for Schools Affected...... 117 6.3.4 Relocation Plan for Affected Factories,enterprises and public institutions ...... 118 6.3.5 Relocation Plans for Affected Shops and Buildings for Commercial and Residential Purposes...... 120 6.3.6 Relocation Plans for Affected Infrastructure ...... 121 6.3.7 Relocation Plans for Vulnerable Groups...... 122
Chapter VII Implementation Plan for Resettlement ...... 124
7.1 Procedure of Implementation...... 124 7.2 Plan of Progress ...... 125 7.3. Appropriation of Funds...... 129 7.3.1. Principles ...... 129 7.3.2. Fiscal institutions for resettlement...... 129 7.3.3. Flow of funds...... 129
Chapter VIII Organization ...... 131
8.1 Framework...... 131 8.2 Responsibilities of the Institutions...... 132 8.3 High level Coordinaton...... 134 8.4 The capacity and training for resettlement institutions ...... 134
Chapter IX Consultation, Greviance Redress and Participation...... 137
9.1 Consultation...... 137 9.1.1 Stakeholders of the project ...... 137 9.1.2 Stages, means and contents of public participation ...... 140 9.1.3 Public paticipation in project preparation...... 141
WB Loan Project Nanning2 to Guangzhou Railway Resettlement Plan for Raiway from Nanning to Guangzhou
9.1.4 Public opinion survey ...... 144 9.1.5 Public participation plan of relocated people in implementation periods...... 149 9.2 Publicizing and information releasing ...... 149 9.3 Channels for greviance redress ...... 149 9.3.1 Ways of collecting dissatisfactions and complains ...... 150 9.3.2 Procedure of greviance redress...... 150 9.3.3 Principles of dealing with complains...... 151 9.3.4 Contents and ways of reply...... 151 9.3.5 Greviance redress and final feedback for the record ...... 151
Chapter X Monitoring and Evaluating...... 153
10.1 Internal Monitoring System...... 153 10.1.1 Goals and Tasks ...... 153 10.1.2 Monitoring Organization and Personnel...... 153 10.1.3 What to be monitored ...... 153 10.1.4 Procedures of Implementation...... 154 10.2 External Independent Monitoring and Evaluation System ...... 154 10.2.1 Goals and Tasks ...... 154 10.2.2 Monitoring Organization and Personnel...... 154 10.2.3 Major Indicators of Monitoring and Evaluating ...... 154 10.2.4 Monitoring and Evaluating Methods ...... 155 10.2.5 Working Steps...... 156 10.2.6 Report Preparation Plan...... 157
Chapter XI Rights Matrix Table...... 160
WB Loan Project Nanning3 to Guangzhou Railway Resettlement Plan for Raiway from Nanning to Guangzhou
Executive Summary of Resettlement Action Plan 1. With a total length of 466.735km, Nanning-Guangzhou Railway (this project refers to the section from Litang to Sanyanqiao only) goes from Litang, a town in Binyang of Nanning, Guangxi, through the two provinces of Guangxi and Guangdong, 6 municipalities, 15 counties/cities/districts, 43 towns and 170 villages and to Sanyanqiao, a place in Nanhai District of Foshan, Guangdong. The total area of land expropriated for the whole railway is 27,776.548 mu, of which, arable land accounts for 47.63% of the total. In addition, the area of reclaimed land from old railway is 373.1 mu. Based on the estimates of the design institute, about 12,779.52 mu of land needs to be borrowed temporarily. The area of structures to be dismantled / removed along the railway totals 1,221,504m2, of which, the area of dismantled structures outside the railway sector is 1,220,322 m2, the area within the railway sector is 1,182m2. In the relocation of structures outside the railway sector, the area of ordinary rural houses removed is 426,311m2, the area of factory, mine and enterprise buildings removed is 689,069m2, the area of schools removed is 21,847m2, the area of urban resident houses removed is 31,630m2, the area of shops and office buildings is 51,464.8m2. The total affected population of this project is 25,784 people, of which, the affected rural population is 19,533 people in 5,745 households, the affected population of in 188 factories, mines and enterprises is 2,215 people, the affected population of 7 schools is 2,955 people, the affected population of 23 shops or office buildings is 431 people, and the affected urban population is 650 people in 210 households.
2. Nanning-Guangzhou Railway has a minor impact upon the various localities along the railway line. The reasons are as follows. (1) Railway is a line-shaped project, and such features of the project entails relative small impact upon the localities along the line; (2) the length of bridges and tunnels in the project accounts for more than 70% of the total length of the railway; therefore, the amount of land expropriated is greatly reduced; (3) the route in the mountain area is selected for the railway as far as possible, which greatly reduces the amount of land requisition; (4) even if the route has to go through the plain region, the form of elevated railway is adopted to minimize land requisition; (5) site as far apart from towns and centralized residential quarters as possible is selected for railway station, and if a route head towards towns or centralized residential quarters, it would be changed so as to go around the towns or residential quarters.
3. The areas of Nanning-Guangzhou Railway that need to be removed are concentrated at both ends of the railway, i.e., urban resident quarters in Guigang, Guangxi and enterprises and factories in Foshan, Guangdong (relocation of urban resident quarters in Foshan is concentrated on the site of Guiyang-Guangzhou Railway). In addition, in the rural area, the areas under major impact of land requisition and house relocation are concentrated in the sites where the 9 stations are located.
WB Loan Project Nanning4 to Guangzhou Railway Resettlement Plan for Raiway from Nanning to Guangzhou
See Chapter III for details on material loss
4. This Resettlement Action Plan was prepared by Southwest Jiaotong University at the entrustment from The Ministry of Railways and with assistance from China Railways No.2 Institute Engineering Group Co., Ltd., China Railways No. 4 Survey and Design Institute Group Co., Ltd. and China Railways Engineering Design Consultants Group Co., Ltd. The preparation process of the plan covers socioeconomic survey, general survey on resettlement impacts and resettlement planning. The general survey covers all the 170 villages, related enterprises / shops and affected infrastructure. The various material indicators provided by the Resettlement Action Plan are all based on the preliminary design and field survey on the route by the design institutes. Such data are not final and may be changed with further improvement of the design and with the construction units entering the site, but such changes will be small adjustment instead of major change.
5. The policy documents formulated by the Chinese Government and relevant requirements of WB Operation Principles OP4.12 will be strictly observed in the preparation of Resettlement Action Plan of this Project and the later implementation of resettlement plan. The resettlement compensation standards set by this Action Plan shall be strictly followed in population resettlement, and any changes in the process of implementation must be subject to the consent of the WB. China has already formulated a complete legal framework and policy system with regard to land requisition, house relocation, population resettlement and compensation.Guangxi and Guangdong, the provinces along Nanning-Guangzhou Railway, has also formulated corresponding local laws and policies in accordance with the requirements of national laws and policies. The land requisition and relocation compensation standards of Guangxi are mainly based on Annual Output Baseline Data and Relocation Compensation Standards of Guangxi Zhuang Nationality Autonomous Region for Land Requisitioned for Major Infrastructure Construction Project (GUIFAGAIFAGUI [2005] 190), the permanent land requisition compensation standards of Guangdong are based on Land Requisition Compensation and Protection Standards of Guangdong Province (YUEGUOTUZIFA [2006] 149, July 2006), and the relocation standards of Guangdong Province are based on Measures of Guangdong Province for Implementation of Land Requisition Compensation for Traffic Infrastructure Construction (YUEFUBAN [2003] 46, June 2003); meanwhile, adjustments will be made on the basis of actual conditions. Excluding expenses for renovation of such infrastructure as road, power supply and communication, the budget for total expenditure of population resettlement of this project is RMB25.72 billion, accounting for 6.26% of total investment. It should be noted that the Ministry of Railways promised that there is no upper limit to the expenses of land requisition, house relocation and population resettlement and all actually spent expenses shall be reimbursed, as a result of the recent trend of year-by-year improvement of land requisition compensation standards in various regions in China. The construction of
WB Loan Project Nanning5 to Guangzhou Railway Resettlement Plan for Raiway from Nanning to Guangzhou the Nanning-Guangzhou Railway will last several years, and if the land requisition compensation standards of Guangdong and Guangxi are improved during this period, corresponding adjustments will be made to this project. Appendix 11 provides a policy framework at the implementation stage for the greatly affected resettlement sites.
6. The following resettlement measures are usually taken to restore the production and living of the farmer households affected by land requisition. The first and priority resettlement measure is land-based rural resettlement, e.g., by such means as internal land adjustment, transformation of low-yield farmland, development of sloping field with a gradient of below 25 degrees, sublease of contracted land of farmers who serve as migrant workers in other places on a long term, resettlement of farmers who have lost their land through development of new arable land with land requisition compensation fund, etc.; the second measure is non-rural resettlement, i.e., helping those farmers without conditions for land-based resettlement, e.g., affected farmers near railway stations, to take up business in secondary and tertiary industries or officially organizing them to work in developed regions; the third measure is social security. All the qualified population meeting policy requirements, whether by means of rural resettlement or non-rural resettlement, are entitled to social security. In addition to the above three measures, money-based resettlement is a more common measure in the current context of lack of farm land. In view that the regions along Nanning-Guangzhou Railway have a developed economy and farmers do not rely much on farmland and income from working in cities has become the main income source of farmers, money-based resettlement may still be accepted as an effective measure of resettlement.
7. The following three forms of resettlement are usually adopted for farmers affected by relocation. The first from is scattered resettlement, i.e., the affected people get compensation for replacement cost according to law, obtain house site provided free by the government and build new houses by themselves; the materials left after the old houses are dismantled are at their disposal. The second form is centralized resettlement, i.e., the local governments plan and design new rural communities in a unified manner in the light of new countryside construction nationwide, and the affected people build new houses on the specified site and according to unified blueprint with the compensation fund for replacement cost. The third form is resettlement of disadvantaged group, who are entitled to cash support of RMB2000 per household provided by the government and other assistance needed in house building, in addition to the above rights and interests.
8. Urban residence, factories, schools and shops shall be relocated and rebuilt completely based on market price, i.e., independent evaluation agency conducts evaluation on them one by one and they are compensated for according to evaluation price. The local government shall provide sites for those who prefer rebuilding, and those who prefer exchange may exchange for a new house with their old house on the
WB Loan Project Nanning6 to Guangzhou Railway Resettlement Plan for Raiway from Nanning to Guangzhou condition of equal area (for example, the removed urban residents may obtain new houses by means of house exchange on the condition of equal area). The affected enterprises and shops as well as their employees shall be completely compensated for their losses during the period of relocation and transition. The principle of rebuilding coming before dismantling should be adopted in school relocation and rebuilding so as not to affect the study of students.
See Chapter VI for detailed resettlement measures.
9. The Ministry of Railways, Nanning-Guangzhou Railway Preparatory Group., the governments of Guangdong and Guangxi as well as the prefectural, municipal and county Resettlement Offices shall be responsible for carrying out and guiding resettlement activities of the townships and villages. So far, the local governments in the regions along the railway have set up railway construction steering organs. For example, similar organs have already been set up in Yunfu and other cities, where the government leaders are in charge of such organs and the heads of relevant departments constitute the members of the steering group. In other regions, though no such organs are set up, the Development and Reform Departments under the local governments are responsible for relevant affairs during project preparation period. Once the project is started on full scale, the local governments of various levels will set up Railway Construction Supporting Office or similar organs if necessary, to support railway construction and carry out population resettlement activities.
10. The affected people have been informed of the possible impacts they may be subject to at different project phases and have participated in consultation. The stakeholders participating in consultation include heads of the households affected, village heads and villager representatives, departments of local governments, disadvantaged groups (including women and minority nationalities). Information on land requisition and population resettlement activities have been broadcast via public media such as newspapers, radio, public notice and township and village meetings so as to promote understanding and support from all communities in the project area. With the development of the project, population resettlement brochures will be handed out, and meanwhile, the resettlement action plans formulated by the local government will be made available to the public, including the affected population. The affected families may also participate in consultation and resettlement activities, including detailed survey, positioning of railway deck bridges, selection of resettlement sites and appealing. During the period of specific land requisition and population resettlement, the affected population and enterprises may appeal to local management organss, government organs, project owners, external monitoring organs and courts regarding any issues relating land requisition, house relocation, compensation and resettlement. In addition, the affected population will have frequent opportunities to discuss compensation and resettlement issues with representatives of various levels of project implemention and administration organizations through public meeting, hearing, public consultation, on-site investigation, etc.
WB Loan Project Nanning7 to Guangzhou Railway Resettlement Plan for Raiway from Nanning to Guangzhou
11. Nanning-Guangzhou Railway Preparatory Group. of the Ministry of Railways will, together with the Resettlement Offices of the local governments at various levels, be responsible for internal monitoring and supervision of compensation funds extension, house rebuilding, land requisition and appealing activities of affected population. The Ministry of Railways will prepare quarterly monitoring report and submit it to the World Bank until the end of resettlement. Thereafter, the Ministry of Railways will submit to the World Bank a Post-resettlement Evaluation Report. In addition, the Ministry of Railways will entrust an independent monitoring agency to carry out the external monitoring and evaluation activities, which include, baseline data survey, review and verification of compensation fund payment, review and evaluation of resettlement plan and implementation results, assessment of appealing procedure and response / degree of satisfaction of affected population toward their rights and interests and compensation, assessment of income restoration of affected population as well as lessons for future resettlement activities. The external monitoring agency shall submit a monitoring and evaluation report to the Ministry of Railways and the World Bank every half year until the completion of the resettlement project and shall, submit a post evaluation report to the Ministry of Railways and the World Bank within less than two years thereafter.
WB Loan Project Nanning8 to Guangzhou Railway Resettlement Plan for Raiway from Nanning to Guangzhou
Chapter I Overview
1.1 Project Description
1. Nanning to Guangzhou railway (It is only referred to the segment from Litang to Sanyanqiao in the project) is the backbone railway line from Guangxi, Yunnan to the coastal area in the southern part of China. It crosses Guangxi and Guangdong provinces. In the west, it starts from the Litang West Station of the proposed Liu- Nan special passenger line. Traveling along the Xijiang River basin, it passes the following places in Guangxi: Guigang city, Guiping county, Pingnan county, Teng county and Cangwu county in Wuzhou city; it passes the following places in Guangdong: Yu’nan county in Yunfu city, Yun’an county and Yuncheng district, getting to Gaoyao city, Duanzhou district in Zhaoqing city. In Dinghu district, it will set up the New Zhaoqing station jointly with the Gui-Guang line. After that, it is planned to go parallel with the Gui-Guang No.4 line (to be constructed) to get to New Sanshui district. The cargo train will go to Jiangcun marshalling station through Guangzhou-Zhuhai railway, while the passenger train will go to Guangzhou new station through Xin Foshan and Sanyanqiao. The total length of the segment from Litang to Sanyanqiao will be 466.735km. The western segment of the line may go directly to the western part and Yunnan area through the line between Hunan and Guizhou with the connection of Nanning to Kunming railway; the eastern segment of the line is connected to Guangzhou hub, through the specific passenger line between Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Hongkong, through the coastal expressway to get further access to Pearl River Delta region and Fujian and Taiwan economic zones; it is the most convenient railway passage from Guangxi to the Pearl River Delta region in the 11th 5-year plan, and the convenient, rapid and capable new passage way from Yunnan and Western Guiyang region to the Pearl River Delta region and Fujian and Taiwan economic zone. Please refer to annex 1 to see the detailed routes.
2. Nanning to Guangzhou railway passes the following 2 provinces, 6 cities ( prefecture) and 15 counties (city, district): that is, Bingyang county of Nanning city in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guigang city and Tantang district, Gangbei district, Guiping city, Pingnan county under its jurisdiction; Wuzhou city and Teng county, Cangwu county under its jurisdiction; Zhaoqing city of Guangdong province and Gaoyao city, Duanzhou district, Dinghu district under its jurisdiction; Yunfu city and Yunan county, Yuncheng district, Yunan county under its jurisdiction; Foshan city and Sanshui district, Nanhai district under its jurisdiction.
3. Nanning to Guangzhou railway starts from Xinlitang and ends in Sanyanqiao. 20 stations are distributed along the main line. 16 intermediate stations are for the
WB Loan Project Nanning9 to Guangzhou Railway Resettlement Plan for Raiway from Nanning to Guangzhou
purpose of handling the passenger and cargo transport business, 3 overtaking stations, 1 reserve station. The average distance between the stations is 30.82km/30.92km. The maximum distance between the stations is 39.259km (Guiping to Pingnan). The minimum distance is 16.5km (Baisha to Guiping). The total investment of the project is estimated at 41.1 billion yuan. Project components covered under the RAP include railway tracks, tunnels, bridges, stations, including traction stations.
4. Pearl River Delta region, Hongkong and Macao, Fujian and Taiwan areas have the capital, industrial basis and service, management, and export-oriented economic strengths. Guangxi and Yunnan have the superior resources advantage and geographical advantage to receive the industrial transfer from the Pearl River Delta region, and serve as the critical points in the economic corridor for the cooperation between the Pearl River Delta region and ASEAN. It is highly complementary among the regions. The construction of Nanning to Guangzhou railway will closely link the economically developed Pearl River Delta region, Hongkong and Macao and Fujian and Taiwan regions with Guangxi and Yuannan in the western part of China where the economy is underdeveloped. It will be the bridge of regional economic cooperation. It is significant to enhancing the influence of “pan-Pearl River Delta region”, creating Beibu Gulf (Guangxi) economic zone into the new growth pillar of China’s economic development, speeding up the economic integration of “pan-Pearl River Delta region”, promoting the economic and resource exchange and integration between the two regions, realizing the geographical advantage complementarity and common development, building the harmonious society, implementing the development of the western part of China. It expands the industrial transfer in Pearl River Delta region as well as the development space of building the free trade zone with ASEAN.
5. Upon the completion of the special passenger line between Liuzhou and Nanning and the railway between Nanning and Guangzhou, and the expansion of Nanning-Fangchenggang railway and the railway between Nanning and Kunming, it will take passenger 1.9 hours from Nanning to Wuzhou, 1.3 hours to Beihai, 1.6 hours to Baise, 1.2 hours to Liuzhou, which will offer significant convenience for the passenger flow, logistics, information flow within the territory of Guangxi. Thus, the “2-hour economic circle” with Nanning as its center and the surrounding city cluster within its coverage will take shape.
6. The railway link between Nanning and the Pearl River Delta region mainly relies on the existing Li-zhan and Guang-mao railways, which is strained in capacity and long in detour distance. The inter-region lacks the railway passage of convenience, fast speed and huge capacity. Upon the completion of Nanning to Guangzhou railway, the railway transport distance from Nanning to Guangzhou will be shortened by 200km than the current Li-zhan and Guang-
WB Loan Project Nanning10 to Guangzhou Railway Resettlement Plan for Raiway from Nanning to Guangzhou
mao railways, by 156km than the express passage between Shenzhen and Maoming that is planned to be built along the coast of Guangxi. 1.6 hours and 1.4 hours might be saved respectively in terms of passenger transport time. It could be seen that the Nanning to Guangzhou railway helps to remarkably shorten the time and distance between the two regions, and enhance the passage transport capacity and quality. With the capacity expansion and renovation of Nanning to Kunming railway, the convenient express railway between the provincial capitals of Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong and Fujian will be formed. It is significant to increasing the scale of railway network, enhancing the flexibility of transport and railway market competitiveness, thus realizing the regional railway development by leaps and bounds.
1.2 Preparation for Relocation Plan
7. The Relocation Action Plan (RAP) of the project was developed by Foreign Investment Center of Ministry of Railways of People’s Republic of China, assisted by Southwest Jiaotong University. Based on the arrangements by planning department of Ministry of Railways, China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Co,. Ltd. (REC Eryuan), China Railway Engineering Consultants Group (CEC) and China Railway Siyuan Survey and Design Group Co.Ltd (CRCC Siyuan) jointly conducted the development of feasibility research document for the project. According to the division of labor of design, REC Eryuan mainly takes the responsibility of designing the segment (114.089km) between Xin Litang and Guiping (included), while CEC is to design the segment between Guiping to Xin Zhaoqing (285.713km)and CRCC Siyuan the segment (62.661km) between Xin Zhaoqing (included) and Sanyanqiao (excluded).
8. The project proposal has already been given the written reply by National Development and Reform Commission of People’s Republic of China (No. 2008 466 of NDRC Transportation).
9. With the close cooperation among 3 design institutes, Foreign Investment Introduction and Utilization Research Institute of Southwest Jiaotong University began to prepare the RAP in June 2008, completed the social and economic survey in August 2008, submitted the draft of RAP in October 2008, revised it repeatly according to the progress of initial design of project in November 2008, December 2008, and February 2009 respectively.
1.3 Measures to Minimize the Impacts of Engineering
1.3.1 Stage of Project Planning and Design
10. The construction of engineering will definitely involve land requisition, demolition and migration. Meanwhile, it will inevitably influence the original production and living conditions of the local residents. At the stage of project
WB Loan Project Nanning11 to Guangzhou Railway Resettlement Plan for Raiway from Nanning to Guangzhou planning and design, the design institute and owner of the project have taken some effective measures to minimize the social and economic influence of the engineering construction upon the local conditions.
A. In comparing and optimizing the design schemes, the positive impact upon the local society and economy by engineering construction should be taken into consideration, and this should be considered as the key element in comparing and optimizing the schemes. The main cases are as follows:
„ The decrease of land requisition and demolition: at the feasibility study stage, the amount of permanent land requisition is 29,112.12 mu and demolition 1,289,678 square meters. Through optimized design, the amount of permanent land requisition at the stage of initial design is 27,776.548 mu, 1,335.572 mu or 4.59% less than the stage of feasibility study; the amount of demolition is 1,221,504 square meters, 168,175 square meters or 12.10% less than the stage of feasibility study.
„ New Program for Zhaoqing: the previous program for Zhaoqing was for the railway to get to Zhaoqing railway station after running in parallel with San-Mao line. According to the program, the line will have to go through the city area of Zhaoqing, which would result in the massive demolition of urban residence, enterprises and institutions. The city plan of Zhaoqing city would also be undermined and urban development affected. In this regard, through the consultation between local government of Zhaoqing city and CEC, the previous plan of passing through the city area is changed into the new program in which the railway will go around the city to get to the new Zhaoqing railway station in order to reduce demolition in the city and not affect urban planning. Therefore, the massive demolition of urban residence, enterprises and institutions will be reduced.
„ Land Conservation and the Extensive Use of Land: The principle for horizontal route selection is try to be short and direct to shorten the distance of line and reduce the land use, such as the tunnel program in Wuzhi mountain, while taking into consideration those places with economic significance; the guideline of route selection is to try to occupy less farmland, such as changing the previous Litangping stop into Lixiu stop for Teng county station to try to occupy less basic farmland.
„ In the process of route selection, the extensive land use should be taken into full account. Then the land may be neighborly to the existing railway and road, and try to use jointly the transport corridor with them to save land, and try to reduce the “triangle land” and “coring land” generated from the transport facilities like the existing railway, road. For example, DK190+000 DK200+000 segment in parallel with Nanning to Wuzhou
WB Loan Project Nanning12 to Guangzhou Railway Resettlement Plan for Raiway from Nanning to Guangzhou
secondary road ( provincial road S304); DK208+000 DK221+000 segment in parallel with the northern part of the planned expressway between Pingnan and Guigang; DK216+000 DK235+000 in parallel with the southern part of Nanning to Wuzhou secondary road ( provincial road S304); the principle of the road is to try to pass round the village and reduce the amount of land demolished and settled; in deciding the direction of the route, selecting the wasteland and dry land shoule be taken into due account, and less fertile land and good land occupied, the basic farmland and cash crop zone be avoided. When the route passes basic farmland and paddy field, the design should consider to try to lower the depth of fill or adopt the means of bridge. The design of verticle section of route should take into full account various performances of motor to identify the maximum designed slope of the route in a reasonable manner.
B. Optimizing the construction design and shortening the construction period. The time for house demolition, construction should be arranged in a rational manner. The engineering, such as tunnel, which is of less impact of land requisition and demolition should be constructed first. Upon the basic completion of land requisition and demolition, the engineering with bigger impact of land requisition and demolition should be constructed later.
C. In order to minimize the impacts, the strategy is adopted that the engineering, land requisition and demolition will be implemented in different stages.
1.3.2 Stage of Engineering Construction
11. At the stage of engineering construction, the construction institute will take the following measures:
A. Strengthening public participation. Before the construction of engineering, public notice will be issued in the project affected area and relocation area to clarify the commencement time of the project and the planned progress of engineering construction. The compensation policy for land requisition, demolition and relocation of Resettlerss will also be made public to be subject to supervision of Resettlerss and the existing residents of the relocation area.
B. Measure to reduce the airborn dust. In order to create the clean and comfortable environment for the construction site and minimize the impacts of engineering construction upon the surrounding environment, when the engineering construction is under continuous sunny and good, while windy weather, water will be sprayed on various construction pavements within the resident concentration area to prevent the airborn dust from occurring. The construction unit will plan and handle the transport route of earthwork in a timely manner. The overloading should be avoided in the process of transport. The measures should be taken to ensure that the earth will not
WB Loan Project Nanning13 to Guangzhou Railway Resettlement Plan for Raiway from Nanning to Guangzhou fall and the earth will not be discarded to fill the land in the process to affect the tidiness of the environment.
C. The handling of site waste in the construction area. Because the project construction lasts for a long time and the number of construction workers is large, the construction site will produce a lot of sewage and waste everyday. According to the requirements of local environmental sanitation authorities, the engineering construction unit should clean up the sewage in the site of construction in a timely manner to ensure that the construction site is tidy and to avoid the breeding and spread of infectious disease.
D. During the period of engineering construction, the use of local materials should be given prioritized consideration. When it is permitted by the technological conditions, the local transportation and labor should be given priority. Thus the project affected people may directly benefit from the engineering construction.
E Scientific planning and reasonable layout of discarded dregs and sand, living area of construction, construction pavement, the temporary land use should be reduced to make preparation for the reclamation of temporary land use in advance.
1.3.3 Stage of Project Land Requisition, Demolition and Implementation
12. At the stage of project land requisition, demolition and implementation, the following measures might be adopted to lower the relocation risks:
„ RAP is prepared for infrastructure (railway) projects within the scope of World Bank loan projects. The implementation of RAP will be carried out in accordance with the principle of staged construction. „ Collection of basic materials should be strengthened. The in-depth analysis of local social and economic status and future development should be carried out. The substantive and feasible relocation measures in combination with local actual situation are developed to ensure that the engineering affected people would not have lower living conditions due to the engineering construction.
„ The internal and external monitoring should be strengthened, efficient and smooth feedback mechanism and channel be built to try to shorten the information processing cycle, thus ensuring various problems occurred in the process of migration implementation would be addressed in a timely manner.
„ The experiences and lessons of past relocation practices of the same area should be reviewed and summarized to try to minimize the negative impacts of migration.
WB Loan Project Nanning14 to Guangzhou Railway Resettlement Plan for Raiway from Nanning to Guangzhou
Chapter II Socio-economic survey
2.1 Overall socio-economic conditions of the regions affected by the project
13. Nanning-Guangzhou Railway shall run through Nanning, Guigang, and Wuzhou in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Yunfu, Zhaoqing and Foshan in Guangdong Province. The major national economic and social indicators for the six cities in 2006 are listed in Table 2-1.
Table 2-1 Major National Economic and Social Indicators for Cities along the Line in 2006 Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Guangdong Province Zhaoqing Foshan Item Unit Nanning Guigang Wuzhou Yunfu Total Land area 104km2 2.21 1.06 1.26 0.78 1.49 0.38 7.18 Total population at 672 479 308 267 405 586 2717 the end of 10,000 year people Urban 10,000 182 52 61 99 111 358 863 population people
Urbanization 51.33 13.74 57.8 49.8 44.85 90.92 51.41 rate % Population people/ 304 452 245 301 249 1522 512 density km2 100 million 870 265 270 244 516 2,928 5,093 GDP yuan 100 Primary million 134 71 53 81 148 76 563 industry yuan 100 Secondary million 297 93 126 94 149 1,842 2601 industry yuan 100 Tertiary million 438 101 91 69 219 1,010 1,928 industry yuan GDP per 12,951 5,538 8,774 9,152 12,754 49,969 99,138 capita yuan Total 100 agricultural million 215 117 91 127 213 166 929 output value yuan
WB Loan Project Nanning15 to Guangzhou Railway Resettlement Plan for Raiway from Nanning to Guangzhou
Total 100 industrial million 495 130 177 198 454 6,289 7,743 output value yuan 100 Total volume million 9.3 1.0 4.4 9.1 27.9 309.8 361.5 of imports U.S. and exports dollars Actually 100 utilized million 1.5 0.5 1.3 0.6 6.9 11.4 22.2 foreign U.S. capital dollars Tourist 1,851 340 365 233 554 628 3,971 number people Total income 100 of tourist million 100 11 19 25 48 128 331 industry yuan Grain output 104t 182 141 91 97 129 13 653 Source: Feasibility Study Report and field survey
2.2 Overview of autonomous region, province, city, county and districts along the line
14. Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region currently has jurisdiction over 5 regions, 9 prefecture-level cities, 10 county-level cities, 59 counties, and 12 autonomous counties, of which over 70 cities and counties are opened to the outside. With an area of about 230,000 square kilometers, Guangxi is populated by a number of nationalities including Zhuang, Han, Yao, Miao, Dong,Xulao, Maonan, Yi, and Gelao. Guangxi has a subtropical monsoon climate, characterized by long and scorching summer, occasionally freezing winter, and distinct wetting and drying season. Due to the long summer and warm winter in Guangxi, continuous cropping is possible in most of the region. Rice grows throughout the region, making it one of the major production areas of rice. Guangxi has rich mineral reserves, including bauxite, oil, manganese, crystal, tin and tungsten. The manganese ore reserves in Guangxi, mainly distributed in Guipin, Laibin, Daxin, Qinzhou, are the largest in China. Guangxi has a wide distribution of high-quality limestone. Sea salt is distributed along the coast. Guangxi is rich in Shatian pomelo, lychee, longan, spinach metaplexis, fructus momordicae and other fruit. Special local products include Chinese cinnamon, star anise, anise-oil, pseudo-ginseng, gecko, willow, rosin, kaoqian and “Southern Pearl”. Guangxi has rich mineral resources, including alumina, tin, antimonium, zinc, plumbum, and limestone. Major industries in Guangxi include metallurgy, machinery, sugar manufacturing, canned foods, etc. Major traditional handicrafts are brocade of Zhuang nationality, embroidery of Yao nationality, shell carving and fern plaiting articles. Guangxi also has many traditional ethnic handicrafts and handiworks, such as barcade of Zhuang nationality in Jingxi, Xincheng, Binyang, porcelain of Binyang, bamboo paper and grass cloth.
WB Loan Project Nanning16 to Guangzhou Railway Resettlement Plan for Raiway from Nanning to Guangzhou
15. Guangdong Province: With a land area of 178,000 square kilometers and a population of 57.31 million, Guangdong is one of the most populous provinces in China. The main ethnic groups include Han, Zhuang, Miao, Yao, Hui, Man, She, etc. Guangdong also has the largest number of overseas Chinese. Guangdong has a mild climate, beautiful landscapes and numerous historic sites. Guangdong is geographically high in the North and low in the South. It also has a winding coastline of over 4300 kilometers, the longest one in China. There are countless rivers in Guangdong Province. The most important rivers are Xijiang, Beijing, Dongjiang, which finally converge as Pearl River. The Tropic of Cancer passes across the middle of Guangdong. A majority of the province has a subtropical climate, while Leizhou Peninsula has a tropical climate. Guangdong is rich in products. Three crops a year is possible in most part of the province, making it one of the chief producing places of rice. Guangdong is known as a land of fruit. A wide variety of tropical and subtropical fruits are for sale all the year round, such as lynches, orange, pineapple, banana, longan, mango, star fruit, pomelo, lemon, pawpaw, olive, coconut, wampee, plum, jack fruit, guava, etc. Adjacent to Hong Kong and Macao, Guangdong is the nearest outlet to the sea for South Asia, Oceania, Middle East and Africa. Five ports in Guangdong are opened to foreign ships, including Guangzhou, Huangpu, Shantou, Shanwei, and Zhanjiang. Huangpu and Zhanjiang port are also important ocean shipping ports of China.
16. Nanning City: Situated in the Southwest part of Guangxi, Nanning borders Laibin and Guigang in the East, Baise and Chongzuo in the West, Hechi city in the North and Fangchengang and Qinzhou in the South. With a population of over 6.72 million and an area of 22,189 square kilometers, Nanning is divided into 12 counties/districts, including Xiaheng County, Binyang County, Shanglin County, Mashan County, Longan County, Wuming County, Qingxiu District, Xingning District, Xixiangtang District, Jiangnan District and Liangqing District. Nanning is located within Guangxi Basin; most of the city is covered by comparatively flat Yujiang Hengxian Plain except Gaofengling; it is surrounded by low mountains and hills in the North, West and South. The city geographically tilts from Northwest towards Southeast. Major muntains in this area include Damingshan, Gaofengling, Xidamignshan. The highest muntain in Nanning is Longtoushan. The main streams here are Yujiang, Youjiang, Zuojiang, Wuminghe, Qingshuihe and Langanhe. Nanning has a subtropical monsoon climate. Famus scenic spots in this area include Qingxiushan, Yilingyan, Lingshui, Damingshan Primeval Forest, Longhushan Natural Reserve, and Jiulong Waterfalls.
17. Binyang County: Located in south-central Guangxi with an area of 2,314 square kilometers, Binyang is composed of 15 townships, 1 town, 193 villages, and 40 communities. Binyang has a population of 1,024,100, of which 144,700 are non- agricultural population. The area is geographically high in the south and low in the north. Limestone escarpments are scattered in the north; an unclosed basin takes shape in the middle. The basin is bordered by corrosion plain in the north and alluvial
WB Loan Project Nanning17 to Guangzhou Railway Resettlement Plan for Raiway from Nanning to Guangzhou fan plain in the south. Zhenlongshan in the east is the top of the arc-shaped muntain chain. It is surrounded by Damingshan Extension in the west and Baihuashan in the south. Having a south subtropical monsoon climate, the area is one of rainy counties in Guangxi. Famus scenic spots in this area include Xiufeng Tower, Geweng Rock, Qingshui Plane, Xiangsi Pool, Longyan Muntain, and Ensifu Testing Institute. Hunan- Guangxi Railway, Litang-Zhanjiang Railway, State Highway 322 and 324 pass across the county. Special local products in this county include lotus root, black cane, dried plum, palm leaf, ginger, garden bean, and cassava. GDP of the county reaches 692,320,000 yuan, increasing by 12.9 , while GDP per capita rises by 10.25%, reaching 6818 yuan.
18. Guigang City: Having an area of 10,606 square kilometers and a population of over 4.8 million, the city consists of Guiping City, Pingnan County, Gangbei District, Guangnan District, and Qintang District. Guigang City has geographic advantages and convenient communications. Located in southeastern Guangxi, the city is the geometric center of Nanning, Liuzhou, Beihai and Wuzhou. Litang-Zhanjiang Railway, Guangzhou-Nanning Highway, State Highway 324 and 209 and Xijiang River traverse the city, making it a portage transport hub of South China and one of the most convenient accesses to the sea for Great Southwest. Guigang is a first-class port opened to the outside with complete port joint inspection agencies such as customs. The waterway of Xijiang is accessible at all seasons for ships at the 1,000 ton class. The ship can directly arrive in Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao in 30 hours. Cargo handling capacity of the port amounts to 25.07 million ton in 2007, increasing by 18.85% over the previous year. It is 6.7 times more than that in1996. The port is the largest inland harbor in west China. Total hydropower reserves in this area reach over 16 million kilowatt; annually generated electricity is more than 1.1 billion kilowatt hour. There are over 40 proven minerals with very rich reserves, including aluminum, iron, manganese, gold and limestone. Gibbsite reserves in Guigang amunt to 200 million tons, one of the largest in China; the area also has a limestone reserve of over 200 billion tons and a manganese reserve of 20 million tons. Guigang also has rich tourism resources. It is the tourism center for historic, cultural and religious sights in Southeast Guangxi and the prioritized place for tourism development in Guangxi. Major scenic spots include: Taiping Uprising Ruins, Guiping Xishan Scenic Area, Longtan National Forest Park, Nanshan Temple, an ancient temple with one thousand years, Dateng Scenic Area, and Pingtianshan Forest Park. The city becomes more and more famus. According to the ranking list of the Brand Value of Chinese Cities in 2007, Guigang is ranked 149, making it one of cities with the most valuable brand. Guigang attains great achievements in foreign trade. The amunt of export and import total 114,742,000 U.S. dollars, of which export reach 85,152,000 U.S. dollars.
19. Qintang District: Qintang District is located in the Northwest of Guigang and north of Yujiang, the golden waterway of Xijiang River, bordering Wuxuan County in the north, Hengxian in the south and Binyang County in the west. A county-level
WB Loan Project Nanning18 to Guangzhou Railway Resettlement Plan for Raiway from Nanning to Guangzhou administrative district was established with the approval of the State Council in March, 2003. With an area of 1502 square kilometer and a population of 540,700, the district is divided into 10 towns, 139 villages and 6 communities. Over 60% of the population is Zhuang nationality. In 2005, the district was awarded “Top Ten Economic Development Counties (Cities, Districts)”. Qintang District has obvious advantages in terms of communication. The urban area of the district is 15 kilometers from Guigang city. The golden waterway of Xijiang flows through the district, where ships at 1000 ton class can directly sail to Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao; Xingye-Liujing Highway passes through the district; State Highway 324 and 209, Second-class Nanning-Wuzhou Province Highway join up in the urban area of the district; Litang-Zhanjiang Railway runs through the district. The district is an important portage transport hub in South China. It also has rich natural, human, hydropower, and electrical power resources. Over 20 mineral resources in this area are detected, including gibbsite, gold, silver, coal, magnesium, limestone and diatomite; gibbsite reserves here amunt to 220 million tons. The GDP of the district in the first three quarters reach 2.409 billion yuan, increasing by 19.9%; the total value of industrial output for industrial enterprises above the designated size reach 1009 million yuan, up 84.8%; total investment in fixed asset hit 1,927 million yuan an increase of 71.5%; fiscal revenue totals 114.08 million yuan, rising by 47%; per capita disposable income of urban residents is 7,977yuan, up 28.6%; per capita cash income of peasants is 3,335, an rise of 24%. Leading economic indicators continue to increase quickly.
20. Pingnan County: Having an area of 2,988 square kilometers, Pingnan County is situated in Southeast Guangxi and in the upper reaches of Xijiang, the gold waterway. It is 23 2'19 '' 24 2'19'' north in latitude and 110 3'54'' 110 39'42'' east in longitude. Pingnan, or Gongzhou in ancient names, has been set up as a county for over 1,700 years. The county is a connection area between developed eastern part and resourceful western part; with superior geographic location, it has the most convenient access to the see for Great Southwest in the eastern direction. The county has 4 towns, 17 townships and 1.30 million populations. The county government is stationed in Pingnan Township. The completed urban area has an area of 12 square kilometers and a population of 130,000. The county has abundant natural resources, including over 200 kinds of wild animal and 1,000 types of plant resources, of which 500 types of medical plants. More than 10 mineral resources are detected here, including limestone, granite, red gravel, barite, gold mine and kaolin; limestone reserves total4 billion tons; red gravel reserves reach over 2 billion tons, while granite reserves amunt to over 3 billion tons. The county has beautiful landscapes and looks like spring all over the year. Over 10 tourism sites are completed, such as Dawanggong and Baimashuangying. Pingnan is located in low latitude. The Tropic of Cancer runs across the middle of the county. The county is close to ocean in the south. It has a warm south subtropical climate, an annual average temperature of 21.5 , an annual rainfall of 1,630mm, an annual average 1,712 hours of sunshine and an annual nonfrost period of 340 days.
WB Loan Project Nanning19 to Guangzhou Railway Resettlement Plan for Raiway from Nanning to Guangzhou
21. Gangbei District: Gangbei District was a county-level administrative district established in June 1996. It is the political, economic and cultural center of Guigang City. Divided into Gangcheng, Daxu, Qingfeng, Wule, Genzhu, Zhongli, Qishi town and Guicheng community, it has a population of 462,000 by the end of 2005, an land area of 1,020 square kilometers, and an arable land area of 21,336 hectare. The area of paddy land here is 13,106 hectare and dry land area 8,230 hectare. Guangbei District has a subtropical climate, characterized warm climate, abundant rainfall, long frost- free period and over 1,700 annual hours of sunshine. The area is ideal for the growth of subtropical cash crop and cash tree. Mineral resources in this area include gold mine, lead-zinc ore, iron mine, kaolin, limestone, dolomite and barite. Gangbei District is situated in the middle and upper reaches of Xijiang; railway, state highway, province highway and Xijiang Golden Waterway joins in the urban area; the rural area has a communicating network leading anywhere. It is one of the portage transport hubs with obvious geographic advantage.
22. Guiping City: Guiping is positioned in central Yujiang Plane, the largest one in Guangxi. It is the original place of Jintian Uprising of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and also one of the earliest counties (cities) opened up to the outside. It was upgraded from a county to a city in May 1994. The city now has 30 towns with an area of 4,047 square kilometers, and a population of 1.7 million, the largest county in Guangxi in terms of population. The city has distinct geographic advantages. Qianjiang and Yujiang meet here to form Xunjiang, where ships at 1000 ton class can directly sail to Hong Kong, Macao and overseas. Second highway Yulin-Guiping, Nanning-Wuzhou, Wuxuan-Pingnan run through the district. There is a dual-use airport at the suburbs. It is the intersection and necessary way for “East marches to the west” and “East marches to the south”. Guiping has a south subtropical monsoon climate, passed through by the Tropic of Cancer in the middle. The area has spectacular landscapes and abundant products. Famus specialties include Xishan Tea, Madong lynchee, Jintian Huaishan, Xishan Xiangnian, Luoxiu Rice noodles, Shepo Dried beancurd, and Zijin Bamboo shoot; the area is the largest manganese producing place with rich manganese and lead-zinc reserves; it has huge hydraulic and electric resources. Datengxia hydropower station has an installed capacity of 1.20 million kilowatt. The city has unique tourism resources. As the tourism center for historic, cultural and religious scenic spots in Southeast Guangxi, the place has many famous scenic sights including 4A scenic area-Xishan, Longtan National Forest Park, Dateng Valley, and Jintian Uprising Ruins.
23. Wuzhou City: Positioned in the east of Guangxi, the city neighbors Hezhou and Guilin in the north, Laibin, Guigang, Yulin in the west and Guangdong province in the east. With a population of 3.03 million, the city is divided into 7 counties/districts with an area of 12,000 square kilometers. The area slants from north and south to the middle. It abuts on Yunkai Mutain, Goulou Mutain and Darong Mutain in the south and Dagui Mutain in the north. Wuzhou is eastern gate of Guangxi. State Highway
WB Loan Project Nanning20 to Guangzhou Railway Resettlement Plan for Raiway from Nanning to Guangzhou
207 and 321 intersect here, while State Highway 324 and province highway 304 traverse the city; Guilin-Wuzhou Highway and Luoyang-Zhanjiang Railway which passes across the city are under construction. Annual handling capacity of cargo in Wuzhou Port reaches 7 million tons. The airport in wuzhou is Changzhou airport. Local products include longan, Gufeng lynchee, Shantou Late Mature Lynchee, seedless water melon, Ponkan, ginger, taro, rosin, Chinese cinnamon, star anise, longan pulp, oil of bay, sasanqua, and turpentine.
24. Cangwu County: Situated in the east of Guangxi and in the converging place between Xunjiang and Guililn in Xijiang drainage area, Cangwu closely abuts against Wuzhou, the central city of eastern Guangxi. It has long been known as “the water gate of Guangxi” and “the strategic passage between Guangdong and Guangxi”. 280 kilometers from Guangzhou and 380 kilometers from Nanning, the capital of Guangxi, in the west, it is nearest county of Guangxi and even of the entire western development region to Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao. Having a population of 583400, the county consists of 12 towns with an area of 3,506 square kilometers. the county has convenient communications and advanced postal and telecommunication networks. The county has a subtropical monsoon climate and a frost-free period of 331 days, which is ideal for the growth of subtropical and some tropical plants.
25. Teng County: Located in the southeast of Guangxi, Teng County is adjacent to Pearl River Delta and linked by common rivers with Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao. Having a population of 939700, the county is composed of 16 towns with an area of 3945.62 square kilometers. The area has abundant sunshine and rainfall; the annual average temperature is 21 , a typical feature of south subtropical monsoon climate. Teng County has rich mineral reserves. 18 minerals have been detected in this area, such as ferrotitanium, kaolin, gold, barite, granite, lead-zinc, and silicon. The county has abundant high-grade ferrotitanium, totaling nearly 20 million tons. Therefore, the county is qualified for the title “titanium dioxide city of China”. Kaolin reserves add up to about 10 million tons. The county is the demonstration county for forest management, top ten turpentine producing bases, and an important producing county of star anise; it was awarded “National Base for Late Mature Jiangkou Lychee” by the Ministry of Agriculature and “National base for special cash tree and cinnamomum cassia” by the Ministry of Forestry. Main industries in the county include titanium dioxide processing, forest product, building materials and agricultural processing industry. Titanium dioxide processing is the pillar industry of the county. The county produces 35,000 tons of titanium dioxide. The total value of industrial output reached 2.79 billion yuan in 2003. Nanning-Wuzhou second level highway and State Highway 321 pass through the county. Xijiang flows through the county for 74.3 kilometers. Tengxian Converting Station of the national West-East Electricity Transmission Project is located in the county; the county has 21 small and middle sized power stations with an installed capacity of 316,200 kilowatt and an annual power generation capacity of 124.55 million kilowatt.
WB Loan Project Nanning21 to Guangzhou Railway Resettlement Plan for Raiway from Nanning to Guangzhou
26.Yunfu City: Situated in the middle west of Guangdong, and south-central Xijiang, the city adjoins Zhaoqing and Jiangmen in the east, Yangjiang, Maoming in the south, Wuzhou of Guangxi in the west and Xijiang in the north. The city faces Fengkai County and Deqing County of Zhaoqing across the river. The urban district is 60 kilometers away from Zhaoqing, 160 kilometers from Guangdong, 177 nm from Hong Kong and 60 nm from Wuzhou, Guangxi in the upper stream. The city consists of 1 county-level city, 3 counties, 1 district, and 55 towns. The overall registered permanent residents are 2,668,200, of which nonagricultural population are 992,300 and agricultural population 1,675,900. Located in subtropical zone, the city enjoys abundant rainfall and sunshine. It has an annual average temperature of 21.6 , an annual average rainfall of 1,519mm, and an annual average sunshine hours of 1718. The city has a total land area of 7,779.1 square kilometers in 2006, an arable land area of 1874800 mu at the end of year, of which paddy field area covers 1362400 mu. The arable land per person is 0.713mu. Located in the middle of Yunkai rumble strip, the city is an important reserve of polymetallic minerals. It has been known as the city of stone materials. 52 different minerals have been detected in this area and 32 minerals are proven reserves and have been exploited. Metal mines include: gold, silver, copper, iron, tin, lead, zinc, manganese and others; nonmetal mines include:sillimanite, white Gaussian, marble, granite, barite, steatite, Kaolin, limestone, clay, sandshale, potassium, terrestrial heat and other rare minerals.
27. Yuncheng District: Situated in the west-central Guangdong and on the south bank of Xijiang, Yuncheng district borders Zhaoqing city in the east, Yuan County in the west, Yunan County and Xinxing County in the south and Xijiang in the west. With an area of 761.8 square kilometers, Yuncheng District has 8 towns, 92 villages and 17 communities under its jurisdiction. By the end of 2002, the population there was 281,200, including 35,000 overseas Chinese and compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao. With the municipal government of Yunfu City located in it, Yuncheng District is the political, economic and cultural center of the city. Being rich in natural resources, Yuncheng enjoys the fame as “the home of marble” and “the city of sulfur”. More than 50 kinds of mineral resources are detected here, including pyrites, marble, granite, limestone and kaolin, of which pyrites rank first in the world both in reserves and tenor. With 1.1 billion cubic meters of marble, granite and limestone being available for mining, Yuncheng has been the fourth biggest production base of building stone and materials in the country. Famus tourism resources include provincial-level scenic spot, Dragon Grotto, one of the three most renowned Baoshihua caves in the world, and the Martyrs house of Dengfa, a provincial-level cultural relic under protection. State Highway 324, Maoming-Foshan Railway and its Yunyao branch line passes through the city. The district has ample electronic power. Yunfu power plant of Guangdong Province with an installed capacity of 520,000 kilowatt is located in Hekoujie of the district. Located in subtropical monsoon climate zone, Yuncheng has a warm climate, abundant rainfall and sunshine. The annual average temperature here is 21.5 , while the annual average rainfall is 1586.5mm. Geographically, half of the district is hilly. Major crops here include paddy rice, corn,
WB Loan Project Nanning22 to Guangzhou Railway Resettlement Plan for Raiway from Nanning to Guangzhou cassava, peanut, soy bean, vegetables, and fruit. In addition, the district is distinguished for its abundance of turpentine and cinnamon in the province.
28.Yun’an County: Located in the west of Guangdong and central south of Xijiang, Yuanan County, lying in the middle of Yunfu city, borders on Yuncheng District in the east, Xinxing County and Yangchun City in the south, Luoding City and Yunan County in the west. It faces DEqing County across Xijiang in the north. The county is 18 kilometers away from Yunfu urban area by land route, 178 kilometers from Guangzhou, and 177 nm from Hong Kong through waterway. The county is communication center connecting coastal region with inland and the Pearl River Delta with Great Southwest. The county government is stationed in Liudu twon which is the political, economic and cultural center of the county. With an area of 1203 square kilometers, the county consists of Liudu, Gaocun, Zhenan, Fulin, Shicheng, Nansheng, Qianfeng towns, 111 villages, and 9 communities. Arable land area totals 140,000 mu, of which paddy field account for 100,000mu and dry land 40,000 mu7; mountain area of the county amounts to 1,160,000mu. Based on the detecting results of geologic departments, Yunan has over 50 mineral resources, including porcelain clay, limestone, marble, granite, iron, tungsten, tin, aluminum and others.
29.Yunan County: Located in the west of Guangdong Province, Yunan County borders upon Guangxi to the west. Having an area of 1966 square kilometers and a population of 480000, the county has jurisdiction over 15 towns (Ducheng, Dongba, Songgui, Liantan, Hekou, Dawan, Jiancheng, Qiangong, Tongmen, Guixu, Pingtai, Baozhu, Lidong, Dafang, Nanjingkou). With an area of 1966.2 square kilomters, the county is adjacent to Yunan County to the west, Luoding City in the south, Wuzhou, Cangwu, Cenxi of Guangxi to the west and Fengkai, Deqing across the river in the north. The county is situated within 2°48 23°19 north in latitude, 111°21 111°54 east in longitude. It enjoys an annual average temperature of 21.4 and an annual average rainfall of 1,433mm. affected by subtropical monsoon climate, the county has a long summer, short winter and ample rainfall.
30. Zhaoqing City: Located in the Middle West of Guangdong, west of Pearl River Delta and middle or lower reaches of Xijiang, the city is an intersection between western Guangdong and Pearl River Delta. It is an important transport hub connection Hong Kong, Guangdong, and Macao to Guangxi and Yunnan. It consists of Duanzhou District and Dinghu District, Gaoyao and Sihui county-level cities, Guangning, Deqing, Fengkai, Huaiji counties, and Dawang General Economic Development Zone. The city has an area of 15,000 square kilometers and a population of 3,680,000, of which permanent population reach 380,000. the urban area of Zhaoqing is over 90 kilometers away from Guangzhou, 200 kilometers from Shenzhen, 180 kilometers from Macao, 140 nm from Hong Kong through waterway and a four hours away from Hong Kong by train and fast boat. Situated in south subtropical monsoon zone, the city has plentiful rainfall and sunshine. The annual average temperature is 22.10 . The city has rich mineral resources. Up to now, over 50 minerals have been detected
WB Loan Project Nanning23 to Guangzhou Railway Resettlement Plan for Raiway from Nanning to Guangzhou here, including gold, granite, marble, and limestone. Its gold production accounts for about 80% of the whole province. Hetain Gold Mine annually produces over10,000 liang, winning the fame as “Yantain in the north, Hetain in the south”. The city is rich in rice, high-quality fruit, edible mushrooms and other “Three-high” (high yield, high quality, and high efficiency) agricultural products which can earn foreign exchange through export; deeply-processed products include rosin, cinnamon, oil of bay, and camphor; the city has a series of deeply-processed bamboo and wood products. local specialties include Guozheng, lotus root, cereus, salisb, gynura and practical handicrafts such as Duan ink slab, the number one slab of the four famous ink slabs in China.
31. Gaoyao City: Situated in central-west of Guangdong, it surrounds Zhaoqing in the southwest. Passed thourgh by Xijiang, the city is 180 kilomters away from Wuzhou of Guangxi and 113 kilometers from Guangzhou, the capital of Guangdong province. It serves a converging place between developed Pearl River Delta and resourcefull Xijinag Economic Corridor. Credited as a “Land of milk and honey”, Gaoyao is an important commodity grain base. The output of fresh water fish ranks in the fist six. Forest coverage percentage reaches 56.4 . It is known as a land of cinnamon. Over 30 mineral resources have been detected in this area. The larger reserves include gold, kaolin, limestone, and granite. Rare and traditional specialties are cinnamon, rosin, Zhaoshi, cereus, and wheat river carp; some products are made of local resources, such as Duan ink slab, bamboo fabric, mat, and morinda offcinalis wine. Gaoyan has numerous historic sites and scenic spots, including Wenming Tower, a rovincial-level unit under protection, Gaoyao Learning Institute, Duanshi Ancient Cave Runis, and Maogang Water Buildings Relics. The city has a population of 728900, of which population from other places are 26,441. Most of the residents are Han nationalities. It consists of 1 community and 16 towns.
32. Duanzhou District: Duanzhou District is located in the west central part of Guangdong Province along the northern bank in the middle and lower reaches of the West River. Lying in the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone, Duanzhou is the center of Zhaoqing City in terms of Politics, Economy and Culture. In the territory with an area of 152.3 square kilometers, there are 2 towns and 4 subdistrict offices. Duanzhou District is both a national tourist city and a historic city, with one river (the West River) flowing around, 2 lakes (Xing Lake and Ding Lake) connected to each other, and 3 gorges (Sanrong Gorge, Dading Gorge and Lingyang Gorge) , 4 Pagoda (Chongxi Pagoda, Wenming Pogoda, Yuankui Pagoda and Xunfeng Pagoda) and five towers (Yuejiang Tower, Piyun Tower, Lijiao Tower, Bohai Tower and Lvwai Tower) competing with each other. Xing Lake Resort was among the first batch to be announced by State Council as “Top Ten Tourist Destinations by Civilized Demonstration”. Featured with rock, lake and karst landform, and possessing such beautiful scenic spots as “five lakes, six hills, seven rocks and eight caves”, Xing Lake Resort is widely known to have “Mountains of Guilin and Waters of Hangzhou”. Duanzhou is also the hometown of Duan Inkstone, which was already
WB Loan Project Nanning24 to Guangzhou Railway Resettlement Plan for Raiway from Nanning to Guangzhou regarded as one of the “Four Treasures of Study” back in Tang Dynasty and ranks top among the “Four Famous Inkstones”. Besides, Duan Inkstone is also regarded “National Treasure”. Natural resources in Duanzhou District are quite abundant, including lead, zinc, copper, pyrite, limestone and argillite. Limes are commonly used as the raw materials of cement and lime while argillites are the materials of Duan Inkstone.
33. Dinghu District: It is located along the lower reaches of the West River and in the northwestern part of Pearl River Delta. Sanshui and Sihui are to the east, Gaoyao is to the south and Duanzhou is to the west. With the West River Waterway, National Highway No.321 and Sanmao Railway running through the whole area, Dinghu District is the key area for land/water transportation and the hinge of business and trade in Southwest China. In its territory with an area of 596 square kilometers and a population of 150,000, there are four towns – Yong’an, Shapu, Lianhua and Fenghuang and three subdistrict offices. In 2005, the whole district achieved a total output value of RMB 2.188 billion, which is increased by 15.1%; the budgeted income of the local finance department is RMB 74.62 million, which is increased by 20.5%; Fixed asset investment of the whole society is RMB 1.252 billion, which is a 25.1% increase; total retail sales of social consumer goods is RMB 0.541 billion, increased by 17.1%; total export value of foreign trade is USD 41 million, increased by 23.3%; the total foreign capital in the newly approved registration contracts amounts to USD 62.43 million, increased by 87.7%; the foreign capital actually absorbed is USD 31.12 million, increased by 24.2%; the industrial electricity consumption is 334.6 million kilowatts, increased by 14.2%.
34.Foshan City: Located in central south of Guangdong, the hinterland of Pearl River Delta, with Guangzhou on the east, Zhaoqing on the west, Zhuhai on the south and Beitong on the north. It is also adjacent to Hong Kong and Macao. Therefore, it has a very advantageous geological position. There are five districts under the jurisdiction of this city, namely Chancheng District, Nanhai District, Shunde District, Gaoming District and Sanshui District. It has a total area of 3848.49 square kilometers and a resident population of 5.79 million, among which the number of registered permanent residents is 3.55 million. Foshan is a well-known hometown for overseas Chinese. It is the ancestral home of more than 1.3 million overseas Chinese and compatriots in Hongkong, Macao and Taiwan, and the number of latter one is over 0.6 million; with a mild climate, sufficient rainfall, Foshan has been regarded as the land of fish and rice since the ancient times. Here it is like spring all the year around, with an annual mean temperature of 21. 7 . The mean temperature in January is 12.8~C and in July is 27. 3~C. Besides, the annual rainfall in Foshan is 1630 millimeters. Foshan is located in the junction of East Asia and Southeast Asia where the development of Asia-Pacific Economy is quite active. Apart from being connected to Guangzhou geologically, historically and culturally, Foshan is also located in the same economic zone with Guangzhou – Central Pearl River Delta Economic Zone, which has the greatest economic strength and development vigor in China. Together these two cities
WB Loan Project Nanning25 to Guangzhou Railway Resettlement Plan for Raiway from Nanning to Guangzhou will build “Guangzhou – Foshan Economic Circle”. The advantaged geological location enables Foshan to be fully radiated and influenced by Guangzhou, and to share its resources such as infrastructures, traffic network, financial capital, talents education, technological information and marker services so as to achieve close connections, industry interaction and functional complementation with Guangzhou as well as to accelerate the process of regional economic integration and urbanization. Foshan downtown is within one-hour drive from the largest three transportation hubs in Guangzhou (Guangzhou New Baiyun Airport, Guangzhou Nansha Harbor and Guangzhou Railway Station). Besides, Foshan is also respectively 231 and 143 kilometers away from Hong Kong and Macao, that is, it takes about 2 hours to drive to either of these cities. This allows Foshan to take full advantages of Hong Kong and Macao’s markets and their positions as the international metropolises to promote its extensive participation in the world economy and its move to internationalization; factories and enterprises in Foshan are concentrated in various industries with light industry as the most developed one. Textile, ceramic, household appliance, electronics and plastics are the five mainstay industries in Foshan and industries such as food, leather, chemical, printing, building material, pharmacy, hardware, paper making, foundry and mechanism are also with solid foundation. Foshan is a city with a long history. Back in Qing Dynasty, it was one of four famous towns in China. Having a number of places of interests, it is regarded as a national-level historic city. Famous historic sites include Foshan Ancestral Temple, known as the grand view garden of architectural sculptures and Liang Garden known as one of the “Four Famous Gardens” in Guangdong.
35.Sanshui District: Located in the central part of Guangdong and the northwestern part of Foshan, and at the northwestern end of Pearl River Delta. Three rivers – the West River, the North River and the Sui River flowing into its territory, which is how the name is obtained. With a total area of 874.22 square kilometers, this district has Huadu District of Guangzhou on the east, Nanhai District of Foshan on the southeast, Sihui on the northwest, Qingcheng District and Qingxin County of Qingyuan City on the north, and faces southwesterly Gaoyao City and Gaoming District of Foshan City over the West River. Under the jurisdiction of Sanshui there are currently five towns (subdistricts) and one economic zone, including Southwest Subdistrict Office, Yueping Town, Baini Town, Datang Town, Lubao Town, Jingkou Oveseas Chinese Economic Zone. The shape of district is narrow and long. The longest distance from south to north is 68 kilometers and the widest distance from west to east is 30.1 kilometers. Its terrain slopes from northwest to southeast; in the northwest, there are many high hills, of which the highest peak Xiping Mountain has an altitude of 591 meters; in the northeast, there are more alluvial plains and low hills. The total area is 874.22 square kilometers and the resident population by the end of 2005 is 386800. Sanshui is the native place of more than 0.2 million overseas Chinese living abroad and compatriots in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan and a famous hometown of overseas Chinese in Guangdong Province.
WB Loan Project Nanning26 to Guangzhou Railway Resettlement Plan for Raiway from Nanning to Guangzhou
36.Nanhai District: Located in the central part of the city with an area of 1,074.05 square kilometers and a population of 1,117,100. it has 8 towns (subdistricts) under its jurisdiction. The total output value of the whole district in 2005 is 77.188 billion, which is increased by 21.7%. Nanhai District ranked 6th among the top 100 counties (cities, district) in China in 2005. Besides, it is a national experimental city of informationization with information infrastructures, information technology application and information industry development taking the lead throughout China. Nanhai Software Science Park is one of the largest four software parks key supported by Guangdong Province. Leading industries in Nanhai are nonferrous metal processing, textile and clothing, decorative tile, hardware, shoemaking, leather and toy making, etc. The rapid development of private economy is the main force to the economic growth of the whole district.
2.3 Social and Economic Investigation
2.3.1 General Outline 37. This section introduces the social economic characteristics of the population who may lose their land or properties. Information regarding this comes from: field investigation conducted during the stage of feasibility study by the Second and Fourth Institutes of China Railway and China Railway Consulting, and social economic field investigation by Southwest Jiaotong University. 2.3.2 Investigation by the Second and Fourth Institutes of China Railway and China Railway Consulting (2008) 38.The investigation conducted by the Second and Fourth Institutes of China Railway and China Railway Consulting has acquired great supports from governments of all levels and villagers along the railway. It is completed on the basis of the materials collected from Statistic Bureau, Development and Reform Commission and other related local government departments as well as the symposiums held with local government officials regarding the routes of the railway. The detailed themes include future industry development, railway route selection, site selection of stations across towns and townships, setting of pavements and culverts and reduction of cultivated land, especially the expropriation of basic farmland, the demolition of houses and other issues regarding promoting the development of local economies and poverty alleviation. Physical impact investigation by the two institutes is based on the preliminary engineering design. For land impact, investigation and statistics are carried out in steps with village as the unit. For private houses and buildings, household is taken as the measurement unit. Individual subsidiary facilities and forests are investigated with household as the measurement unit, and the public infrastructures and dedicated projects are gathered by the unit they pertain to. 39. Through the investigation, the Second and Fourth Institute of China Railway and China Railway Consulting have concluded that: as local social economic developments and environmental protection have been taken into account in the selection of routes, and under most circumstances the villager group would make land
WB Loan Project Nanning27 to Guangzhou Railway Resettlement Plan for Raiway from Nanning to Guangzhou adjustments within the group to reduce the relative proportion of the expropriated land so that the loss of income for peasants due to land expropriation would not be much. These investigation results have all been fed back into the engineering design and resettlement plan.
2.3.3 Social economic investigation by Southwest Jiaotong University (2008)
40. In order to learn about the basic situation of resettlement households in the project zones and analyze the impacts of the project construction to local immigrants, Nanning – Guangzhou Railway Team from Southwest Jiaotong University has carried out cluster random sampling survey on the basic conditions of the livelihood of resettlement households affected by land expropriation and demolition according to the similarities of and the differences within the affected groups in the affected districts.
41. The investigation sample of resettlement households affected by land expropriation and demolition is selected by the method of cluster random sampling in the form of survey table, questionnaire and focus group discussions. The investigation team has carried out social economic investigation on the total 43 towns and townships and 170 villages (for the affected village list, see Appendix 9) affected by Nanning – Guangzhou Railway and 2,212 households with a total population of 9,155 have been selected as sample households. Among them, there are 521 relocated sample households, accounting for 28.64% of the total relocated households; the number of sample households affected by land expropriation is 5,444, accounting for 31.11% of the total households affected by land expropriation (for investigation index and tables, see Appendix 5, and for sample distribution of sampling survey, see Table 2-2); besides, the investigation team has obtained opinions and suggestions on Nanning – Guangzhou Railway Construction from 309 people; they has also conducted screening on the social and economic situation of the total 170 villages involved in the project; by investigating the sample households and gathering the data, and integrating the preliminary design of the design institute and the field investigation on routes, they has obtained the influence quantities of physical targets such as the affected people, land and houses. The sample households has mainly included the affected types in rural areas and basically covered all the affected regions, thus they are representative and typical.
42.The investigation method of the affected population, land, houses and affiliated facilities, sporadic trees as well as dedicated facilities: based on the ownership borderlines of county (city, district), township (town, subdistrict) and village (residential committee) determined during the field investigation, summarize the influence quantities of houses and affiliated facilities and report the investigation result to the village, and investigate the number of households and the population involved in house relocation; send the land investigation summary to the village
WB Loan Project Nanning28 to Guangzhou Railway Resettlement Plan for Raiway from Nanning to Guangzhou
(residential committee); send the investigation summary of dedicated facilities to county (city, district).
WB Loan Project Nanning29 to Guangzhou Railway Resettlement Plan for Raiway from Nanning to Guangzhou
Table 2-2 Sample Statistical Table of Social and Economic Investigation on Nanning – Guangzhou Railway
Investigation Table of Investigation Economic Investigation Number Land- Table of Investigation Investigation Number Table of of Towns County expropriated Land- Table of Table of of Province City Relocated and (district) and expropriated Public Rural Villages Households Townships Relocated Households Opinions Collectivities Involved (Copy) Involved Households (Copy) (Copy) in Rural Areas(Copy) Nanning Binyang 157 120 37 22 10 2 10 City County Tantang 211 161 50 35 12 2 12 District Pingnan 156 119 37 25 15 3 15 Guigang County Guangxi City Gangbei Autonomous 91 70 21 35 14 4 14 District Region Guiping 117 89 28 13 21 6 21 City Cangwu 125 96 30 21 10 2 10 County Wuzhou Teng 146 112 34 19 20 3 20 County Total of Guangxi Autonomous 1003 767 237 170 102 22 102 Region Yuncheng 147 112 35 18 6 1 6
WB Loan Project Nanning3to0 Guangzhou Railway Resettlement Plan for Raiway from Nanning to Guangzhou
Yuncheng 147 112 35 18 6 1 6
Guangdong Yunfu YYuunn’aann 246 61 246 15449 1184 365 2106 Province City County Duanzhou 158 121 37 15 2 1 2 District Dinghu 151 115 36 16 7 5 7 District Gaoyao 150 115 35 18 5 2 5 City Sanshui 3 1 3 150 115 35 17 District Nanhai 15 4 15 150 115 35 19 District Total of Guangdong Province 1209 925 284 139 68 21 68 Total of the Two Provinces 2212 1692 521 309 170 43 170 Information source: field investigation
WB Loan Project Nanning3to1 Guangzhou Railway Resettlement Plan for Raiway from Nanning to Guangzhou
2.4 Social economic characteristics of the affected population
2.4.1 General Outline
43.The data collected in the process of social economic investigation in 2008 have been analyzed by the application of peasant households’ livelihood, which have taken into account four different aspects of the social economic characteristics of peasant households:
(1) Human resource: demography and education/technique characteristics;
(2) Natural resource: land, forest and water source;
(3) Material resource: ownership of assets of producers and consumers;
(4) Financial resource: income and expenditures of peasant households (situation of loan acquirement).
2.4.2 Human resource
44.Along Nanning – Guangzhou Railway are mainly agricultural regions. Table 2-3 shows the total population of these counties and cities, the proportion of rural population, the expected rural population to be affected by the project as well as the proportion of the population affected by the project to the total population of the villages along the railway. The data in the table only include the counties (district) Nanning – Guangzhou Railway passes. Except Foshan, the rural population of other cities has accounted for more than 85% of the total number. The highest proportion of the affected rural population to the total population of the affected villages is up to 10.19% (Dinghu District, Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province) and the lowest is 0.74% (Cangwu County, Guangxi Province).
Table 2-3 Statistical Table of Regions and Rural Population Affected by the Project Population Proportion Total Proportion in villages Total of the Population of Rural Region County/District along the Affected affected (10,000 Population line Population Population people) (%) (people) (%) Guangxi Province Total 591.99 466834 13006 2.79 Subtotal 102.41 52072 746 1.43 Nanning City Binyang County 102.41 52072 99.39% 746 1.43 Subtotal 337.27 286360 10014 3.50 Tantang District 54.07 54483 89.27% 2252 4.13 Guigang City Pingnan District 130 56982 93.99% 3424 6.01 Gangbei District 46.2 75396 95.26% 1982 2.63 Guiping City 107 99499 99.04% 2356 2.37 Wuzhou City Subtotal 152.31 128402 2246 1.75
WB Loan Project Nanning32 to Guangzhou Railway Resettlement Plan for Raiway from Nanning to Guangzhou
Cangwu County 58.34 35738 85.64% 263 0.74 Teng County 93.97 92664 94.32% 1983 2.14 Guangdong Province Total 491.65 179119 4734 2.64 Subtotal 107.79 66427 1687 2.54 Yuncheng District 28.65 15404 99.77% 249 1.62 Yunfu City Yun’an County 31.14 6104 99.43% 240 3.93 Yunan County 48 44919 87.93% 1198 2.67 Subtotal 127.1 23606 1189 5.04 Duanzhou District 38 4485 99.31% 146 3.26 Zhaoqing City Dinghu District 16 8344 99.90% 850 10.19 Gaoyao City 73.1 10777 99.16% 193 1.79 Subtotal 256.76 89086 - 1858 2.09 Foshan City Sanshui District 52.65 20069 28.00% 468 2.33 Nanhai District 204.11 69017 31.00% 1390 2.01 Total of the Two Provinces 1083.64 645953 17740 2.69 Information source: field investigation
45. Table 2-4 shows the population status of the affected villages: in the 170 villages that the railway passes, there are a total of 155,373 households with 645,953 people, among which, the rural population is 589800, accounting for 91.31% of the total population. The population of the affected villages only accounts for 5.96% of the total population within the county (district), except that in Guibei District of Guigang City, this proportion is up to 16.32% while in Tantang District it is above 10.08%. The population of labor force in the affected villages is 345,507, accounting for 53.5% of the total number while the population going out for work is 96,613, accounting for 14.96%.
46. There are 2,212 households, that is 9,155 people are involved in the sampling survey; the proportion of adults is 81.88% and that of teenagers is 18.12%. For population structure of all ages groups, see Table 2-5.
Table 2-5 Statistical Table of Age Structure of Villagers Affected by Nanning – Guangzhou Railway Project Proportion to the Total Age Group Number of People Number Below 18 1659 18.12% 18-25 1812 19.79% 26-35 1490 16.27% 36-45 1671 18.26% 46-55 1294 14.13% 56-65 708 7.74% Above 65 521 5.69%
WB Loan Project Nanning33 to Guangzhou Railway Resettlement Plan for Raiway from Nanning to Guangzhou
Total 9155 100% Information source: field investigation
47.The education level of the investigated population is low. The population with education level below primary school takes up about 37.35%; the one below junior high school accounts for more than 87.46%; people who have received senior high school takes up about 10.21% and those who have received college education or other higher education only takes up 2.33%. For details, see Table 2-6.
Table 2-6 Statistical Table of Education Level of Villagers Affected by Nanning – Guangzhou Railway Project Proportion to Total Adult Education Level Number of People Number of Adults Preschool 249 2.72% Below Primary school 180 1.97% Primary School 2990 32.66% Junior High School 4588 50.11% Senior High School 935 10.21% Above High School 213 2.33% Total 9155 100% Information source: field investigation
WB Loan Project Nanning34 to Guangzhou Railway Resettlement Plan for Raiway from Nanning to Guangzhou
Table 2-4 Statistical Table of Population in Villages Affected by Nanning – Guangzhou Railway Total Total Total Number of Population Population Proportion Rural Labor Outside Households in Villages in the to Total Male Female City County Population Force Employment in Villages Along the County Population (People) (People) (People) (People) (People) Along the Railway (10,000 (%) Railway (People) People) (Household) Total of Two Provinces 155373 645953 1083.64 5.96% 589800 337062 308891 345507 96613 Guangxi Province 107370 466834 591.99 7.89% 420922 243063 223771 245030 72417 Nanning City Binyang County 11144 52072 102.41 5.08% 51753 27261 24811 28256 8194 Tantang District 11374 54483 54.07 10.08% 48639 28801 25682 25219 8303 Pingnan County 12489 56982 130 4.38% 53558 29886 27096 28211 11318 Guigang City Gangbei District 18340 75396 46.2 16.32% 71819 38095 37301 45349 9124 Guiping City 23901 99499 107 9.30% 92540 53893 45606 49541 16291 Cangwu County 8526 35738 58.34 6.13% 26605 18376 17362 19337 6029 Wuzhou City Teng County 21596 92664 93.97 9.86% 76008 46751 45913 49117 13158 Guangdong Province 48003 179119 491.65 3.64% 168878 93999 85120 100477 24196 Yuncheng District 3781 15404 28.65 5.38% 15368 8210 7194 8458 1440 Yunfu City Yun’an County 1472 6104 31.14 1.96% 6069 3200 2904 3056 1390 Yunan County 10741 44919 48 9.36% 36518 24360 20559 26151 8252 Duanzhou District 1152 4485 38 1.18% 4454 2330 2155 2297 889 Zhaoqing City Dinghu District 2268 8344 16 5.22% 8336 4221 4123 4299 916 Gaoyang City 2990 10777 73.1 1.47% 10687 5680 5097 6425 2125 Foshan City Sanshui District 5825 20069 52.65 3.81% 19956 10227 9842 11522 2064 Nanhai District 19774 69017 204.11 3.38% 67490 35771 33246 38269 7120
WB Loan Project Nanning to G3u5angzhou Railway Resettlement Plan for Raiway from Nanning to Guangzhou
Information source: field investigation
WB Loan Project Nanning to G3u6angzhou Railway Resettlement Plan for Raiway from Nanning to Guangzhou
2.4.3 Natural Resources 2.4.3.1 Land Ownership 48.By 1980s, the family-based contracted responsibility system had replaced the collective agricultural cultivation mode which had been implemented since 1950s. Under the family-based contracted responsibility system, the land is allocated evenly according to the size of each family. The land area is calculated based on the number of people but allocated to each household. The land in the village is classified into multiple grades according to its quality and location. Therefore, lands of different grades may be allocated to one peasant household so that the lands allocated to each one can be equal but scattered. Each household is to sign the contracting contract (the term of the contract was previously 15 years, and changed to 30 years in 1998), which entitles these peasant households with land use right. The land ownership still belongs to the previous production teams – also known as the villager groups. In some villages, 5-10% of land is not allocated to peasant households; instead, it is used as the mobile land of the villager groups. Such kind of land is cultivated according to the annual lease agreement. During the period of land expropriation, the land can be allocated to the households who are affected by land expropriation according to actual circumstance. The investigation shows that the there have already been great differences in the land adjustment mode and frequency.
2.4.3.2 Cultivated land, orchard and economic forest 49. The area of the land cultivated by the investigated peasant households totals 5950.7 mus. Almost all the peasant households have some paddy fields and dry land. Apart from that, most of the investigated peasant households possess some reclaimed dry land or sloping land of their own; 10% of the peasant households have orchards or economic forests with areas ranging from 1 to 40 mus (most of the trees are orange trees and some of them are pears or other fruit trees).
50. In the investigation, the area of contracted farmland per capita of each household is 0.65 mus. Added with the other agricultural land (such as sloping land, forest and orchards) that the peasant households own, the area of farmland per capita is 0.85 mus. For most peasant households, the cultivated land is relatively sufficient. Only in 3 districts the area of cultivated land is small, that is, 0.3-0.5 mus. Agriculture to non- agriculture resettlement shall be implemented for the affected people in those areas.
2.4.3.3 Forest 51. Among all the investigated ones, peasant households in some villages have contracted forest with areas ranging from 2 to 40 mus. During the field investigation, we have confirmed that all the forests in each village belongs to the village collectivity. In each village, there are one or two rangers who protect these forests.
WB Loan Project Nanning37 to Guangzhou Railway Resettlement Plan for Raiway from Nanning to Guangzhou
2.4.3.4 Water source 52. The cultivated land in all villages has sufficient water sources. However in the mountainous areas, due to the high costs of agricultural irrigation facilities, the cultivated land is classified into dry land. For such kind of land, normal rainfall can hardly guarantee the harvest of agricultural products. Paddy field is considered to be the most valuable land.
2.4.4 Material resources 2.4.4.1 Houses and their subsidiaries
53. Most of the houses in the project region are of brick-concrete structure, reflecting the traditional architectural style in this area. Other facilities of the houses are in good condition. All the households have electricity supply and 54% of them have indoor water supply or water from within the yard. About 50% of the peasant households have fixed telephones, and 75% of them have mobile phones. For material resources in regions affected by the project, see Table 2-7.
Table 2-7 Material Resources Housing Conditions Water Supply Material Number of % Type Number of % Households Households (Household) (Household) Brick-concrete 1880 85 Indoor water 18.19 402 structure supply Brick-wood 221 10 Water supply 36.00 structure from within the 796 yard Civil structure 0 0 Water well in 43.78 968 the yard Others 111 5 Other external 2.03 45 water resources All the 2212 100 All the 2212 investigated investigated peasant peasant households households Durable Consumer Goods Productive asset Item % of peasant Item % of peasant households’ households’ possession possession Washing 18% Farm truck 4% machine Refrigerator 15% Tractor 8% Fixed phone 50% Thresher 44% Mobile phone 75% Generator 12%
WB Loan Project Nanning38 to Guangzhou Railway Resettlement Plan for Raiway from Nanning to Guangzhou
Color TV 85% Wheelbarrow 71% Monochrome TV 18% Water pump 25% VCD, etc. 36% Tricycle 3% Electric fan 21% Motorcycle 21% Solar water 2% Car/taxi 5% heater Information source: social economics investigation by Southwest Jiaotong University
2.4.4.2 Productive assets 54. The possession rate of productive assets in those affected villages is low. More than 70% of peasant households have wheelbarrows, 44% have threshers, 1/8 have generators (diesel engines or electric power) and 1/9 have motorcycles. In a few areas there are hardly any non-agricultural asset, which means the possession quantity of these facilities may be increased after the traffic condition is improved. For details, see Table 2-7.
2.4.4.3 Family durable consumer goods 55. The possession level of durable consumer goods can clearly show the economic status of peasant households. About 85% of peasant households have color TV sets (many of them are equipped with cable TV); 36% of them have VCD or other similar electric appliances; about 18% have washing machines, and about 1/6 have refrigerators. For details, see Table 2-7.
2.4.5 Financial resource 2.4.5.1 Peasant household income
56. Shown in Table 2-8 is the income distribution of the total 155,373 households affected by Nanning – Guangzhou Railway who are investigated. The table shows the fact that the distribution of poverty population in rural areas gets more and more intensive from the east to the west along Nanning – Guangzhou Railway. The economy in Guangdong Province is relatively developed. The annual net income per capita of 84.63% of the total households is over RMB 3,000. In Guangxi Autonomous Region, only 38.33% of the total population have the annual net income per capita; households with the living standards below the absolute poverty line (less than RMB 800 per capita every year) accounts for 12.05% in Guangxi and 0.75% in Guangdong; households with low income (less than RMB 1,500 per capita every year) accounts for up to 31.24% in Guangxi and 5.07% in Guangdong.
Table 2-8 Income Distribution Table of Village Households Affected by Nanning – Guangzhou Railway Distribution of Horizontal Number Its Proportion to the Total Sections of Annual Income of Number of Households (%) Per Capita (Household) Househ Provinc olds >R e
WB Loan Project Nanning39 to Guangzhou Railway Resettlement Plan for Raiway from Nanning to Guangzhou
Guangx 1293 411 12.0 19.19 38.33 20604 32674 107370 30.43% i 9 53 5% % % Guangd 406 0.75 84.63 360 2074 4940 48003 4.32% 10.29% ong 29 % % 1329 817 8.56 14.60 52.64 Total 22678 37614 155373 24.21% 9 82 % % % Information source: field investigation
2.4.5.2 Income Source 57. The income sources for most of the affected residents are planting and breeding which rely on agriculture. Salaried employment is the second largest household income source. 93.93% of households are engaged in crop planting industry. The income from this contributes 14.02% of the total income; over 70% of participate in salaried employment, and income from this contributes 45% of the total income. 48.33% of households undertake breading industry, 55.39% are engaged in forestry and fruit industry and about 9.3% of them have income from small stores. Only 0.52% of them have income from running enterprises. For details, see Table 2-9.
Table 2-9 Statistical Table of Related Income Source of the Village Households Affected by Nanning – Guangzhou Railway Project Average Proportion of Such Income Percentage of Households Income Source to All kinds of Source with Such Income Source Income Grain 93.93% 14.02% Economic 55.39% 12.02% crops Forestry and fruit 27.46% 6.65% industry Breeding 48.33% 13.43% industry Trade 9.3% 5.48% income Income from 71.6% 44.98% salaried employment Income from 0.52% 0.25% running enterprises Other 25.94% 3.17% income Information source: field investigation
WB Loan Project Nanning40 to Guangzhou Railway Resettlement Plan for Raiway from Nanning to Guangzhou
2.4.5.3 Consumption mode and savings 58. We can see from the data of 2,212 peasant households’ expenditures that the average expenditure of every investigated household in 2008 is RMB 2586, and the expenditure per capita differs among regions. The lowest expenditure per capita in Cangwu County, Guangxi Autonomous Region is RMB 1,925 and the one in Nanhai District, Guangdong Province is RMB 3773, which is RMB 1848 higher than the former one.
59. Under the mode of average consumption of the affected population, the consumption in basic needs such as food and housing accounts for a large proportion, that is 62%. The field investigation result also shows that the amount of money spent on housing are the most – local residents spend large amount of money on housing conditions. In terms of this, circumstances are different for those who live in the houses with civil structure and do not worry about relocation. The net income per capita minus expenditure per capita (3,560-2,586 = 940) equals the savings per capita. Different peasant households have different amount of savings.
2.4.6 Affected minority 60.In regions affected by the project, there is only one minority – Zhuang, whose residents have formed together with Han the distribution pattern of mixed residence. There is no distinct difference between Zhuang and Han in terms of livelihood pattern, living standard and cultural customs. According to the social evaluation investigation, Zhuang have their own national language and clear consciousness of their national identity, and are regarded as “minority” by Chinese governments, however, for those who are affected negatively by the land expropriation, relocation and construction in the project, they do not collectively adhere to the geologically unique residential areas or inherited territory within the project region, nor do they rely on the natural resources in this residential areas or territory as well as the “traditional culture, economy, society or political system that are different from the mainstream society and culture”. What is more, they are never the “unique, vulnerable social and cultural group”. The social investigation and evaluation show that Zhuang villages and villagers in the project region have actively participated in planning of land expropriation and livelihood resettlement, and that their opinions have also been indicated in land expropriation and relocation plan. The negative effects the project has caused on Zhuang residents in the affected region shall be handled together with those issues with local Han residents through the properly formulated resettlement plan, and Zhuang residents shall have the same rights and interests with Han. The social investigation and interviews under the project have also proved that the livelihood resettlement planned in the Resettlement Action are acceptable and adequate for the affected Zhuang Minority communities.
WB Loan Project Nanning41 to Guangzhou Railway Resettlement Plan for Raiway from Nanning to Guangzhou
2.4.7 Vulnerable group 61. Table2-10 has listed the conditions of the vulnerable group affected by land expropriation and relocation. Vulnerable group herein refers to those handicapped, five-cared households, seriously poor households, women-in-charge households, etc.
62. Such households are not concentrated in certain villages. Instead, they are distributed in both poor and rich villages. They shall be provided with individual treatment and special financial aid, which will keep their life after the project completion as good as or even better than that before the construction.
WB Loan Project Nanning42 to Guangzhou Railway Resettlement Plan for Raiway from Nanning to Guangzhou
Table 2-10 Statistical Table of Conditions of Vulnerable Households Actually Affected Along Nanning – Guangzhou Railway Households Seriously Women-in- Enjoying The Region County Poor charge Province the Five Handicapped (City) (District) Households Households Guarantees (person) (Household) (Household) (person) Gangbei 15 11 79 12 District Guiping 14 12 94 30 Guigang City City Pingnan 23 9 98 15 County Tantang Guangxi 9 14 60 24 District Nanning Binyang 5 18 25 15 City County Cangwu 12 9 37 23 Wuzhou County City Teng 29 31 108 24 County Total of Guangxi 107 104 501 143 Autonomous Region Yunan 23 59 81 25 County Yunfu Yun’an 3 8 61 3 City County Yuncheng 5 10 40 8 District Dinghu 2 2 9 9 Guangdong District Province Zhaoqing Duanzhou 2 3 13 5 City District Gaoyao 2 2 11 6 City Sanshui 1 1 1 0 Foshan District City Nanhai 1 1 1 0 District Total of Guangdong 39 86 217 56 Province Total of the Two 146 190 718 199 Provinces Information source: field investigation
WB Loan Project Nanning43 to Guangzhou Railway Resettlement Plan for Raiway from Nanning to Guangzhou
Chapter III Project impacts
3.1 Scope of project impacts
63. Nanguang Railway, with a total length of 466.735 km, is a double-track electrified railway. There are 20 stations along the whole line. The line goes through Guangxi Autonomous Region and Guangdong Province, impacting 2 provinces, 6 prefectures and municipalities, 15 counties, 43 villages and townships (neighborhoods) and 170 villages.
64. The impact of the Nanguang Railway Construction Project in land appropriation and relocation include permanent land appropriation of various types of land, the impact on the various buildings, other supplementary structures, relevant equipment and infrastructure, as well as the impact on the temporary land use.
65. The material loss of the project and number of affected population are based on the preliminary design formulated by the design institute. The above quantities are not the final counts. With the in-depth development of design and final determination of the red line for land appropriation, the material loss of the project and number of affected population will be finally determined. Only at that time, the conditions are ripe for signing compensation agreement with the affected villages and villagers.
3.2Material indicators of project impact
3.2.1Permanent land appropriation
3.2.1.1Quantity of permanently appropriated land
66. The quantity of permanently appropriated land for the whole line is 27,776.548 mu. Specifically speaking, arable land is 13230.714 mu (water field: 5,906.764 mu; dry field: 7,086.500 mu; and vegetables plantation field: 237.100 mou), accounting for 47.63%of the total appropriated land; orchard is 1,402.166 mu, accounting for 5.05% of the total appropriated land; forestry is 7,545.269 mu, accounting for 27.16% of the total appropriated land; pasture is 330.232 mu, accounting for 1.19% of the total appropriated land; water pond is 1,211.930 mu, accounting for 4.36% of the total appropriated land; land for construction use (including land for residence foundation) is 2636.286 mu, accounting for 9.49%of the total appropriated land; barren land is 914.848 mu, accounting for 3.29% of the total appropriated land; other land is 505.105 mu, accounting for 1.82% of the total appropriated land. And recovered land for railways is 373.100 mu. Based on calculations including the stations and relevant facilities, the average volume of permanent land appropriation is 59.51 mu per km. Please see Table 3-1 for the statistics of permanent land appropriation by county and region, and appendix 2 for the statistics of permanent land appropriation by village
WB Loan Project Nanning44 to Guangzhou Railway Resettlement Plan for Raiway from Nanning to Guangzhou
WB Loan Project Nanning45 to Guangzhou Railway Resettlement Plan for Raiway from Nanning to Guangzhou
Table 3-1 Table of statistics of permanent land appropriation by county and region and Nanning - Guangzhou Railway