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M E O R O T a Forum of Modern Orthodox Discourse (Formerly Edah Journal)
M e o r o t A Forum of Modern Orthodox Discourse (formerly Edah Journal) Tishrei 5770 Special Edition on Modern Orthodox Education CONTENTS Editor’s Introduction to Special Tishrei 5770 Edition Nathaniel Helfgot SYMPOSIUM On Modern Orthodox Day School Education Scot A. Berman, Todd Berman, Shlomo (Myles) Brody, Yitzchak Etshalom,Yoel Finkelman, David Flatto Zvi Grumet, Naftali Harcsztark, Rivka Kahan, Miriam Reisler, Jeremy Savitsky ARTICLES What Should a Yeshiva High School Graduate Know, Value and Be Able to Do? Moshe Sokolow Responses by Jack Bieler, Yaakov Blau, Erica Brown, Aaron Frank, Mark Gottlieb The Economics of Jewish Education The Tuition Hole: How We Dug It and How to Begin Digging Out of It Allen Friedman The Economic Crisis and Jewish Education Saul Zucker Striving for Cognitive Excellence Jack Nahmod To Teach Tsni’ut with Tsni’ut Meorot 7:2 Tishrei 5770 Tamar Biala A Publication of Yeshivat Chovevei Torah REVIEW ESSAY Rabbinical School © 2009 Life Values and Intimacy Education: Health Education for the Jewish School, Yocheved Debow and Anna Woloski-Wruble, eds. Jeffrey Kobrin STATEMENT OF PURPOSE Meorot: A Forum of Modern Orthodox Discourse (formerly The Edah Journal) Statement of Purpose Meorot is a forum for discussion of Orthodox Judaism’s engagement with modernity, published by Yeshivat Chovevei Torah Rabbinical School. It is the conviction of Meorot that this discourse is vital to nurturing the spiritual and religious experiences of Modern Orthodox Jews. Committed to the norms of halakhah and Torah, Meorot is dedicated -
Most Common Jewish First Names in Israel Edwin D
Names 39.2 (June 1991) Most Common Jewish First Names in Israel Edwin D. Lawson1 Abstract Samples of men's and women's names drawn from English language editions of Israeli telephone directories identify the most common names in current usage. These names, categorized into Biblical, Traditional, Modern Hebrew, and Non-Hebrew groups, indicate that for both men and women over 90 percent come from Hebrew, with the Bible accounting for over 70 percent of the male names and about 40 percent of the female. Pronunciation, meaning, and Bible citation (where appropriate) are given for each name. ***** The State of Israel represents a tremendous opportunity for names research. Immigrants from traditions and cultures as diverse as those of Yemen, India, Russia, and the United States have added their onomastic contributions to the already existing Jewish culture. The observer accustomed to familiar first names of American Jews is initially puzzled by the first names of Israelis. Some of them appear to be biblical, albeit strangely spelled; others appear very different. What are these names and what are their origins? Benzion Kaganoffhas given part of the answer (1-85). He describes the evolution of modern Jewish naming practices and has dealt specifi- cally with the change of names of Israeli immigrants. Many, perhaps most, of the Jews who went to Israel changed or modified either personal or family name or both as part of the formation of a new identity. However, not all immigrants changed their names. Names such as David, Michael, or Jacob required no change since they were already Hebrew names. -
Davidic Descent and the Virgin Birth
Davidic Descent and the Virgin Birth M. BLANCHARD Bishop Hollis' s question : ' How can Jesus be both born of the Virgin Mary and Son of David ? ' reminds one of that puzzling question with which Jesus confounded the Rulers of the Jews on that last day of controversy, the last Tuesday before His crucifixion: 'How can David's Lord be David's Son?' Both questions deal essentially with the same issue, and the same answer will be found fitted to both questions. If it be accepted that Mary was a descendant of David, the same as Joseph, immediately the problem is solved. But, that answer is rejected in the article which appeared in the April-June, 1959, issue of The Indian Journal of Theology. The evidence then for Mary's Davidic descent must be con sidered. No one questions the fact that Joseph's ancestry is traced back through David to Abraham in the first chapter of Matthew's Gospel. All agree likewise that Lukes list is radically different from Matthew's, and in inverse order. Matthew begins with Abraham and moves forward to Jesus; Luke begins with Jesus and traces the ancestry backward to Adam. On the face of it, their purposes seem to be different ; their methods, different ; and, we may suppose, the persons whose ancestries are traced, different. Basing their interpretation on the custom of Levirate marri age, attempts have been made along two lines to support the theory that both Matthew and Luke give the descljlnt of Joseph. First, some have suggested that the two men referred to, Jacob in Matthew and Heli in Luke, were step-brothers. -
The Authority of Scripture: the Puzzle of the Genealogies of Jesus Mako A
The Authority of Scripture: The Puzzle of the Genealogies of Jesus Mako A. Nagasawa, June 2005 Four Main Differences in the Genealogies Provided by Matthew and Luke 1. Is Jesus descended through the line of Solomon (Mt) or the line of Nathan (Lk)? Or both? 2. Are there 27 people from David to Jesus (Mt) or 42 (Lk)? 3. Who was Joseph’s father? Jacob (Mt) or Heli (Lk)? 4. What is the lineage of Shealtiel and Zerubbabel? a. Are they the same father-son pair in Mt as in Lk? (Apparently popular father-son names were repeated across families – as with Jacob and Joseph in Matthew’s genealogy) If not, then no problem. I will, for purposes of this discussion, assume that they are not the same father-son pair. b. If so, then there is another problem: i. Who was Shealtiel’s father? Jeconiah (Mt) or Neri (Lk)? ii. Who was Zerubbabel’s son? Abihud (Mt) or Rhesa (Lk)? And where are these two in the list of 1 Chronicles 3:19-20 ( 19b the sons of Zerubbabel were Meshullam and Hananiah, and Shelomith was their sister; 20 and Hashubah, Ohel, Berechiah, Hasadiah and Jushab-hesed, five)? Cultural Factors 1. Simple remarriage. It is likely that in most marriages, men were older and women were younger (e.g. Joseph and Mary). So it is also likely that when husbands died, many women remarried. This was true in ancient times: Boaz married the widow Ruth, David married the widow Bathsheba after Uriah was killed. It also seems likely to have been true in classical, 1 st century times: Paul (in Rom.7:1-3) suggests that this is at least somewhat common in the Jewish community (‘I speak to those under the Law’ he says) in the 1 st century. -
High Priests Garments and History
THE HIGH PRIEST - GARMENTS AND HISTORY Historical Significance and Symbolism Joseph Martinez Manassas Chapter #81, RAM THE HIGH PRIEST • Brief Introduction • Appearance in the VSL • Garments – Biblical Explanations – Use in Royal Arch • Observations Joseph Martinez Manassas Chapter #81, RAM TRIVIA • Master of the Chapter – in United States – Excellent High Priest, King, and Scribe • In United Kingdom – First, Second, Third Principal • In Ireland – Excellent King, High Priest and Chief Scribe Joseph Martinez Manassas Chapter #81, RAM TRIVIA • In United Kingdom – First, Second, Third Principal – Most Excellent Zerubbabel Joseph Martinez Manassas Chapter #81, RAM THE HIGH PRIEST • Master of a Chapter • Member of the Grand Council • Past High Priest – Wears a distinctive Symbol Joseph Martinez Manassas Chapter #81, RAM ROYAL ARCH - HIGH PRIEST SYMBOL • Is the Breastplate of the High Priest of Israel • Described in Exodus 28 • Created in Exodus 39 • Worn by Aaron in Leviticus 8 Joseph Martinez Manassas Chapter #81, RAM THE HIGH PRIEST OF ISRAEL • Aaron was the first – Exodus 28 • Was to be successive through Aaron’s line – Aaron Eleazar Phinehas Abishua Bukki Uzzi – Ithamar Eli Ahitub Ahijah Ahimelech Abiathar • Solomon – Abiathar Zadok (High Priest at completion of the First Temple) Joseph Martinez Manassas Chapter #81, RAM THE FIRST TEMPLE • David – Abiathar and Zadok were High Priests in tandem • Solomon – When Adonijah tries to claim power and kingship • Abiathar sides with Adonijah’s camp – David near death proclaims Solomon -
The Genealogies in the Bible: Are They Complete?
Last updated: 16-May-2020 at 13:15 Bible chronology main page (See History.) Español © Richard P. Aschmann The Genealogies in the Bible: Are they Complete? Rick Aschmann 1. Problems in the Genealogies from Jacob’s Sons to David 1 2. Missing Generations in Old Testament Genealogies 3 3. From David to the Babylonian Captivity 3 4. From the Babylonian Captivity to Jesus 4 5. Before Abraham 4 6. The Genesis 10 Table of Nations and Y-Chromosomal DNA 5 7. Appendix 1: An Alternative Timeframe for the Sojourn in Egypt 6 8. Appendix 2: High Priestly Lines Synchronized with Old-Testament Rulers 7 (Aschmann.net/BibleChronology/BibleGenealogies.pdf) 1. Problems in the Genealogies from Jacob’s Sons to David Exodus 12:40-41 (ESV) says: “40 The time that the people of Israel lived in Egypt was 430 years. 41 At the end of 430 years, on that very day, all the hosts of the LORD went out from the land of Egypt.” However, some have said that the Israelites could not have been in Egypt for 430 years, because the number of generations given in some of the more prominent genealogies seems to be far too few for that time period, as can be seen in the table below. (See section 7 for more on this question.) The genealogies in the table are listed in order by years per generation, from least to greatest.1 There are not very many genealogies in which the birth years at both ends can be determined. I have tried to list all of these that I have found in this table. -
Levi References & Notes
LEVI REFERENCES & NOTES: Ahimelech is of Ithamar’s line; Zadok is GERSHON KOHATH MERARI of Eleazar’s line (1 Chr. 24:2,3,6). Ahimelech murdered at Nob under Saul, Abiathar escapes to David (1 Sam. 22). AMRAM IZHAR HEBRON UZZIEL Abiathar unfaithful as high priest under David (defects with Adonijah); Zadok a faithful priest at time of David (1 Kings 1:5- AARON MOSES MIRIAM KORAH NEPHEG ZICHRI 8). Zadok made high priest under Solomon; fulfils prophecy of taking priesthood from NADAB ABIHU ELEAZAR ITHAMAR SONS OF KORAH house of Eli (1 Kings 2:27, 35) *Therefore Eli must have been of Ithamar’s line. At PHINEHAS some point the priesthood seems to have ELI* passed to Eli from Phinehas (and so changing family lines). PHINEHAS Line of Zadok lasted until the exile and AHITUB also the return (1 Chr. 6:8-15; cf. Ezra 3:2). ETHAN HEMAN ASAPH It continued through intertestamental AHIMELECH (JEDUTHAN) times until Antiochus IV Epiphanes (175- 164 B.C.) sold the priesthood to Menelaus, ZADOK ABIATHAR who was not of the priestly line (2 Macb 4:23-50). By the time of Christ, Roman powers often appointed High Priests for SERAIAH political reasons, and they did not serve *Eli succeeded Abishua or Uzzi for life (it was not a hereditary office). (Josephus, Antiq. viii. 1, 3; v.11, 5). EZRA** JEHOZADAK Key singers/musicians appointed to JESHUA **Ezra was the brother Jehozadak, accompany the ark being bought to JOIAKIM Post-exilic who was taken into captivity by Jerusalem under David (1 Chr. 15). -
What's in a Name? a Look at Genealogies… 1. Study Matthew 1:1-18
What’s in a name? A look at genealogies… 1. Study Matthew 1:1-18 and Luke 3:23-38. What do you know about the authors? Matthew was financially well off and had his own house. He was educated and knew how to read and write. As a Jewish publican, a tax collector, fellow Jews despised him. Luke was a physician and companion of Paul. As a Gentile, he recorded as a historian and did careful research. 2. Make a table of the names of each genealogy. What do you notice? Matthew 1:1-18 Abraham-David David-Exile Exile-Jesus 15. David 36. Achim 1. Abraham 8. Amminadab 22. Uzziah 29. Jeconiah (Bathsheba) 37. Eliud 2. Isaac 9. Nahshon 23. Jotham 30. Shealtiel 16. Solomon 38. Eleazar 3. Jacob 10. Salmon (Rahab) 24. Ahaz 31. Zerubbabel 17. Rehoboam 39. Matthan 4. Judah (Tamar) 11. Boaz (Ruth) 25. Hezekiah 32. Abihud 18. Abijah 40. Jacob 5. Perez 12. Obed 26. Manasseh 33. Eliakim 19. Asa 41. Joseph 6. Hezron 13. Jesse 27. Amon 34. Azor 20. Jehoshaphat (Mary) 7. Ram 14. David (Bathsheba) 28. Josiah 35. Zadok 21. Joram 42. Jesus Observations of Matthew : Matthew's accounting of Israel's kings was for the Jewish audience who were interested in Jesus' royal-legal lineage as decreed by the Davidic covenants (2 Sam 7:8-13). This is perhaps emphasized as Matthew lists in a descending order: "...father of..." with the range of genealogy: Abraham-Jesus. By beginning with Abraham, Matthew stresses Jesus’ Jewish ancestry. The genealogical list is short, because Matthew does not list a number of generations. -
Reformation Christology: Some Luther Starting Points
Volume 7l:2 April 2007 Table of Contents -- - - - - - - Talking about the Son of God: An Introduction ............................. 98 Recent Archaeology of Galilee and the Interpretation of Texts from the Galilean Ministry of Jesus Mark T. Schuler .......................................................................... 99 Response by Daniel E. Paavola ..............................................117 Jesus and the Gnostic Gospels Jeffrey Kloha .............................................................................121 Response by Charles R. Schulz ........................................144 Reformatia Christology: Some Luther Starting Points Robert Rosin ........................................................................... 147 Response by Naomichi Masaki ..............................................168 American Christianity and Its Jesuses Lawrence R. Rast Jr ...... .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 175 Response by Rod Rosenbladt ................................................. 194 Theological Observer The Lost Tomb of Jesus? ........................................................ 199 CTQ 71 (2007):147-168 Reformation Christology: Some Luther Starting Points Robert Rosin "Reformation Christology" is an impossible topic in the space allotted. A narrower topic, relatively speaking, is Martin Luther's Christology, which leaves only about one hundred and twenty heavyweight volumes, each the proverbial blunt instrument that could do in the person foolish enough to think that Luther can be managed in this space. Nor -
BIBLICAL GENEALOGIES Adam → Seth
BIBLICAL GENEALOGIES Adam → Seth → Enosh → Kenan → Mahalalel → Jared→ Enoch → Methuselah → Lamech → Noah (70 descendants to repopulate the earth after the flood – Gen. 10: 1- 32; 1 Chr. 1: 1-27; sons, grandsons, great grandsons): 1 2 The sons of Kenaz (1 Chr. 1: 36) joined the Jews by the tribe of Judah. His descendant was Jephunneh the Kenizzite, who begot Caleb (Num. 32: 12; Josh. 14: 6; 14; 1 Chr. 4: 13-15). Amalek was the father of the Amalekites. Descendants of Jacob (Gen. 46: 26-27) who came to Egypt: • From Reuben: Hanoch, Pallu, Hezron and Carmi. • From Simeon: Jemuel, Jamin, Ohad, Jakin, Zohar and Shaul (son of a Canaanite woman). • From Levi: Gershon, Kohath and Merari. • From Judah: Er ( in Canaan), Onan ( in Canaan), Shelah, Perez and Zerah; From Perez: Hezron and Hamul. • From Issachar: Tola, Puah (or Puvah, Masoretic text), Jashub (or Iob, Masoretic text) and Shimron. • From Zebulun: Sered, Elon and Jahleel. • Dinah (they were all sons of Leah , who had died in Canaan – Gen. 49: 31); total of 33 people (including Jacob). • From Gad: Zephon (Septuagint and Samaritan Pentateuch or Ziphion in Masoretic text), Haggi, Shuni, Ezbom, Eri, Arodi and Areli • From Asher: Imnah, Ishvah, Ishvi, Beriah and Serah (their sister). Beriah begat Heber and Malkiel (they were all sons of Zilpah , Leah’s maidservant); total of 16 people. • From Joseph: Manasseh and Ephraim. • From Benjamin: Bela, Beker, Ashbel, Gera, Naaman, Ehi, Rosh, Muppim, Huppim and Ard. They were all sons of Rachel , who had already died in Canaan – Gen. 35: 19), a total of 14 people. -
THE GENEALOGY of CHRIST a CLOUD of WITNESSES Sunday Before Christmas December 24, 2017 Revision B Gospel: Matthew 1:1-25 Epistle: Hebrews 11:9-40
THE GENEALOGY OF CHRIST A CLOUD OF WITNESSES Sunday before Christmas December 24, 2017 Revision B Gospel: Matthew 1:1-25 Epistle: Hebrews 11:9-40 The genealogy of Christ from either Matthew 1 or Luke 3 is not used at all in the West and is largely scoffed at as being very dull reading. Similarly, the Epistle reading consists of a long list of people who might be referred to as God’s Hall of Fame. This is also omitted in the Western lectionaries. Table of Contents Gospel: Matthew 1:1-25 ............................................................................................................................................ 371 Differences in Genealogies ................................................................................................................................... 371 Genealogies: Why Bother? ................................................................................................................................... 373 Genealogy Traced Through Joseph....................................................................................................................... 373 The Virgin Birth Was Concealed .......................................................................................................................... 374 Christ Came as Physician, Not Judge ................................................................................................................... 376 The Fullness of Time ........................................................................................................................................... -
Difficulties of New Testament Genealogies
DIFFICULTIES OF NEW TESTAMENT GENEALOGIES R. LARRY OVERSTREET The genealogies in Matthew and Luke are integral parts of those Gospels. They are remarkably precise documents, each accomplishing the aim of testifying to God's design in the birth of Jesus Christ. This article presents the purposes and peculiarities of each genealogy, and also examines the difficulties of interpretation attendant to them. Special attention is focused on the difficulties found when Matthew is compared to the OT. and on the difficulties found when Matthew is compared to Luke. Both genealogies are reckoned as accurate in even the smallest details. * * * HE NT opens with an arresting prefatory record of names. T Many readers probably pass over them as being of no practical value. However, this genealogy which opens the NT is, in many respects, one of the most important documents in the Scriptures. Much of the Bible stands or falls with its accuracy. If the Word of God contains mistakes in this section, how is any of it to be trusted, for this is the connecting link between the OT and NT? Evidently, genealogies were available to the ancient public, and it could be established easily if a person had a legitimate claim to any particular line. For example, Ezra 2:62 states, "These sought their register among those that were reckoned by genealogy, but they were not found: therefore were they, as polluted, put from the priesthood." This demonstrates how it was then possible to check the register of the tribe of Levi and remove those that made a false claim.