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Prince of Wales Medical Research Institute

Prince of Wales Medical Research Institute Annual Report Barker Street Randwick Sydney 2031 Australia Telephone: +61 2 9382 2688 2000-2001 Facsimile: +61 2 9382 2722 Website: www.powmri.unsw.edu.au Cover 17/4/02 2:26 PM Page C2

This Annual Report covers the scientific achievements of the Institute for the calendar year 2000, and lists all of its publications that appeared in that year. It gives details of research grants applied for and awarded in 2000 for expenditure through the year 2001. Financial information refers to the year ending 30 June 2001.

Design and production kindly donated by: Pacific Client Publishing 35-51 Mitchell Street McMahons Point NSW 2060 Tel: 02 9464 3300 Fax: 02 9464 3504

Printing generously assisted by: Trenear Printing Service

Cover: This image is from a series called "Homunculus. Who's inside your brain?" by Heidi Cartwright, a research assistant at the Prince of Wales Medical Research Institute. The images are available for purchase through the Institute. POW Imposed 17/4/02 2:30 PM Page 1

Contents Finance

Financial Summary Introduction 2 An Overview of the Prince of Wales 1998 1999 2000 2001 Medical Research Institute Balance Sheet $000 $000 $000 $000 Current Assets 4,363 4,948 2,571 3,641 Governance and Directorship 7 Property, Plant & Equipment 2,027 2,657 6,280 6,294 Chairman’s Message Patron Total Assets 6,390 7,605 8,851 9,935 The Board of Directors Current Liabilities 22 77 143 177 Scientific Advisory Committee Provisions 0 20 0 1

Total Liabilities 22 97 143 178 Our Science 10 Retained Surplus 2,718 3,858 5,058 6,107 Executive Director’s Report Reserves 3,650 3,650 3,650 3,650 Scientific Reports Collaborations Total Net Funds 6,368 7,508 8,708 9,757 Visiting Scientists and Institute Guests

Research Funding 22 Grants Awarded for 2001 Research Funding 1997-2001

Our Profile 25 Prizes and Awards Publications 2000 Conference Presentations Service to the Scientific Community Editorships

Education 38 Seminars and Workshops Postgraduate Students

Fundraising 40 Acknowledgements Our Supporters

Our People 42 Institute Staff Financial information was extracted from the Financial Statements of the Prince of Wales Medical Research Institute for the year ending 30 June 2001 and is included here for information purposes only. A full copy of Finance 44 the audited Financial Statements, including Notes to the Financial Statements and the Audit Opinions, can be obtained free of charge on request to the Finance Manager, Prince of Wales Medical Research Institute, Financial Summary Barker Street, Randwick NSW 2031.

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Introduction

Research Assistants Honours students 2000 Public Relations and Marketing Ms Heidi Cartwright BSc Mr Daniel Brooks BSc(Hons) Ms Anne Graham RN Ms Peggy Chan BSc(Hons) Ms Emily Stimson BSc(Hons) Ms Anna Cunningham Ms Kirsten Chapman BA BSc Ms Gailene Keen ATCL [resigned] Ms Anurina Das MEpidemiol Honours students 2001 Ms Arli Miller [resigned] Ms Juliette Drobny MPsychol(Clin) Ms Haley Bennet BSc(Hons) Ms Francine Griffiths BSc(Med) Ms Emma Schofield BSc(Hons) Technical, Field and Laboratory Mr Robert Gorman BE Mr Bob Bryans Mr Adam Hamlin BSc(Hons) Finance Mr Hilary Carter Mr Ping Hu BMed MM Mr Andrew Dermott Ms Peggy Chan BE Mr Refik Kanjhan MSc BEc CA, Company Secretary Ms Kathleen Kimpton Ms Cindy Lin MEngSc BE Mr Albert Chua BSc MCom Ms Tamara Powell DipAppSc(BCT) Ms Heather McCann DipHlthSci Ms Amy Watling BSc Ms PenelopeMcNulty BHMS(Hons) Information Technology Mr Lajos Weisz Mr Phillip Meyerkort BSc(Hons) and Operations Mr Collin Yeo Ms Bridget Munro BSc(Hons) Ms John Hales BSc MBiomedE Mr Paul Lund Ms Susan Murray DipRGRT DipAppSc(BCT) [resigned] MGerontol Scientific Support Ms Lara Perryman BSc(Hons) Ms Roslyn Nickolls BA DipEd Ms Svetlana Pianova MSc Ms Mary Sweet Mr Gavin Pinniger BSc(Hons) Premier Bob Carr and Associate Professor Glenda Halliday in the new PC2 laboratory at the Official Opening Stage II Ms Gabrielle Russell BSc(Hons) Administration of the Prince of Wales Medical Research Institute Mr Christopher Scarlett Ms Deborah McKay BHlthAdmin BSc(Hons) Ms Rosalie Dworjanyn Ms Margaret Smith-White BSc BSc GradDipInfoMgmt Ms Rebecca St George BSc BA Ms Ursula Daniels Ms Emma Thiel BAppSc Ms Jan Richardson GradDip(Epidemiol) Ms Rhonda du Bois [resigned] Ms Anne Tiedemann BSc GradDipBiomedSci Ms Katherine Krilov BSc GradDipAsianSt [resigned] Ms Hongqin Wang MBBS (China) Ms Yewlan Wanigasekara- Mohotti BMedSc(Hons) Mr Daniel Wardman BMedSc(Hons)

Ms Sophie Watson BSc Ms Meme Borzycki BA(Hons) [resigned]

Ms Homei Liu BSc (China) [resigned] Ms Neilie Lucas BPsy(Hons) [resigned]

Location The Institute is situated on the Randwick Hospitals’ Campus in the eastern suburbs of Sydney, adjacent to the University of New South Wales main Kensington campus and its Faculty of Medicine.

2 PRINCE OF WALES MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT 2000-2001 OUR PEOPLE 43 POW Imposed 17/4/02 2:30 PM Page 4

Our People

Institute Staff Head, Respiratory Medicine, Assoc Prof John Morris History of the Institute Some of the facilities incorporated in the new PHH/POWH Neurology, Westmead Hospital development include a Physical Containment Level 2000 and 2001 The Prince of Wales Medical Research Institute was Assoc Prof David McKenzie Two (PC2) laboratory for work on human brain Assoc Prof Alessandro Zagami formally established on the signing of a Letter of MBBS BSc(Med) PhD FRACP Neurology, POWH tissue and a Spinal Injuries Research Centre which Executive Director Agreement between the then-Eastern Sydney Area has been set up with five new laboratories and Dr William Brooks Health Service, the University of New South Wales, Prof Ian McCloskey AO BSc(Med) associated office space dedicated to specific CERA, Concord Hospital and the Institute’s founding group of scientists, in MBBS DPhil DSc FAA FTSE FRACP Neurosurgeon, PHH/POWH research in this area. All research work is conducted Dr Nicholas Cordato December 1990. The Institute was officially opened Dr Marcus Stoodley on the premises and includes work on nerve CERA, Concord Hospital on 8 November 1993 by the New South Wales and MBBS(Hons) PhD FRACS conduction, nerve degeneration and regeneration, Director, Clinical Research Commonwealth Health Ministers of the day (The Dr Helen Creasey neuropathology, and human autonomic and and Head, Neurology, Hon RL Phillips and Senator G Richardson). CERA, Concord Hospital sensorimotor function. The Institute consults with Prince Henry/Prince of Wales Senior Research Officers Research and development commenced under the Dr William Dunn the spinal injuries clinical centres at both Prince Hospitals auspices of the Institute that same year. POWMRI Dr Richard Fitzpatrick BSc(Hons) Uni of Nottingham, UK Henry and Royal North Shore Hospitals, and has Prof David Burke Limited was registered as a public company limited MBBS PhD support for collaborative joint programs that would Dr Sharon Kilbreath by guarantee under the Corporations Law of New AO MD DSc FAA FTSE FRACP draw together the clinical opportunities there with Dr Antony Harding BSc(Hons) PhD Health Sciences, University of Sydney South Wales on 4 August 1993. the research expertise at the Institute. Dr Jasmine Henderson Dr Murray Killingsworth SWAPS The Institute was awarded a $1.7million grant by Chief Operating Officer BSc GradDipNutDiet PhD The Institute has grown rapidly to become Dr Jillian Kril CERA, Concord Hospital the NSW Government in 1992, matching a capital Dr George Mammen Dr Yuri Koutcherov BSc(Hons) PhD Australia’s largest single centre for research on the Dr John Morley works grant of $1.7million by the Commonwealth PhD MBA BSc functions and disorders of the brain and nervous Dr Peter Nickolls Physiology & Pharmacology, UNSW Government in 1991, for conversion of ward units system. Its scientific recruits are highly qualified MBBS BSc BE(Elec) PhD to research laboratories. Since those grants, the Dr Kathy Refshauge career researchers who usually bring their own Institute has raised substantial additional funding NHMRC Senior Principal Dr Peregrine Osborne Health Sciences, University of Sydney salaries as components of peer reviewed research for capital works through its own fundraising Research Fellows BSc(Hons) PhD Dr Dominic Rowe grants, creating an environment conducive to activities. Together with the NSW and Prof Simon Gandevia BSc(Med) Neurology, Royal North Shore Hospital further recruitment and expansion. Commonwealth capital grants, the funds raised PhD MD DSc FAA FRACP NHMRC R Douglas Wright Dr John Sarks AM have been sufficient to complete both Stage I and, The Institute conducts Australia’s major research Prof Elspeth McLachlan DSc FAA Research Fellows POWMRI Electron Microscope Unit more recently, Stage II works. into human balance and coordination, including the Prof Erica Potter BSc PhD DSc Dr Kay Double BSc(Hons) PhD Dr Shirley Sarks AM The Institute embarked upon the second major national program of research into the causes Dr Paul Hodges POWMRI Electron Microscope Unit stage of its Capital Works Program in early 1999. of falls in older people. The Institute houses the BPhty(Hons) PhD [resigned] Dr Jane Wilton MBBS(Hons 1) Building and refurbishment was completed in largest national (and one of the world’s five or six NHMRC Principal Research largest) ‘brain banks’ where the invaluable resource Fellows 2000, more than doubling the physical size of the Institute and housing state-of-the-art of bequeathed brains of patients with a range of Professor George Paxinos Postdoctoral Research Fellows Research Officers research laboratory and infrastructure facilities conditions under study are held, together with BA MA PhD DSc Dr Kaarin Anstey BA(Hons) PhD Dr Hayley Bennett in one larger building formed by linking both complete clinical records of the patients themselves. Assoc Prof Glenda Halliday Dr Jenny Harasty BA(Hons) MA MSc PhD sections. The front entry of the building overlooks The Institute has an established record of leadership in the area of nerve injury, degeneration and BSc(Hons) PhD MAppSc(SpPath) PhD Dr Melissa Broe BSc(Hons) PhD the main entrance to the Randwick Hospitals’ Campus on Barker Street, opposite the regeneration, and the Spinal Injuries Research Dr Matthew Kiernan Dr Jane Butler BSc(Hons) PhD Newmarket Stables. Centre will be developed further to cover all aspects MBBS(Hons) PhD FRACP NHMRC Senior Research Dr Richard Carr BScApp DPhil of this devastating condition. Major and highly Fellows The Official Opening of the second stage Dr Virginia MacDonald distinguished research programs are also in place Honorary Visiting Fellows of the Institute was held on 15 November 2000, Dr James Brock BSc(Hons) DPhil BSc(Hons) PhD on pain mechanisms, chronic pain, and on back pain Dr Nicolas Petersen MSc PhD officiated by The Honourable Bob Carr, Premier Dr Janet Keast BSc(Hons) PhD in particular; on neurodegenerative disorders; on Dr Olivier Piguet of New South Wales. The Institute’s namesake, Dr David Collins MSc PhD macular degeneration and blindness; and on neural Dr Vaughan Macefield BPsych MA(ClinNeuropsych) PhD His Royal Highness, The Prince of Wales, delivered [returned to Canada] regulation of autonomic function and breathing. BSc(Hons) PhD Dr Claire Shepherd BSc(Hons) PhD a congratulatory message via video, praising the Dr Julie Wright BSc(Hons) Institute on its growth since inception in 1993 and The Institute now stands at the brink of a new (Senior) Research Associates its excellent scientific achievements. Guests at the period of rapid growth and development as it NHMRC Research Fellows ARCS PhD DIC [resigned] opening, including the NSW Minister for Health, occupies its greatly expanded facilities and draws Prof Tony Broe Dr David Zhang BSc PhD [resigned] Dr Stephen Lord BSc MA PhD upon and extends its proven scientific strengths. AM BA MBBS FRACP FACRM Craig Knowles, were able to visit many of the Dr Janet Taylor MBiomedE MD laboratories within the Institute, and scientists Its standing and achievements have placed Prof David Hirst Senior Hospital Scientist gave short presentations on current research being important responsibilities upon it, and it now Zoology, University of Melbourne Mr Christopher Brown conducted within their area of research. stands ready to meet those. Assoc Prof James Colebatch BAppSc [resigned] Neurology, POWH

42 PRINCE OF WALES MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT 2000-2001 INTRODUCTION 3 POW Imposed 17/4/02 2:30 PM Page 6

Governance and Academy of Science; and a number of national and Our Harcourt Brace & Co Mr Norm Rich Event Sponsors & President of the Australian international organisations every Dr A Harding Mrs Thea Riesel In-kind Donations Directorship Neuroscience Society. Supporters Mrs Doris Hodge Dr Harley Roberts year, the most significant being Abacus Industries Mr E Hoholt Mr & Mrs S Robertson The Institute is an independent the National Health and Medical Acorn Trusts & Foundations Mr Geoffrey Mrs Dorothy Robinson non-profit company: Research Council. NHMRC Alfa Romeo Funding Sources Hungerford Mr Ken Robson ABN 94 050 110 346. funding to the Institute has Baxter Charitable Aqua Luna Mr & Mrs G Hurst Mrs B Rolston NSW Health increased steadily despite the Foundation Barbeques Galore The Institute has a formal Mr Paul Isherwood Ms Jan Rose Infrastructure Grant competitiveness in acquiring Phillip Bushell Bell Shakespeare affiliation with the South Mr G James Mr & Mrs W Saunders such peer-reviewed research Foundation Company Eastern Sydney Area Health The Institute was the smallest Mr Tom Johnston Mr Bruce Shepherd grants. In 2000, the Institute’s Perpetual Trustees Bing Lee Service and the University of of five large independent Miss A-L Klettenberg Mr Jeffery Shields total NHMRC grants income Ian Potter Foundation Carla Florist New South Wales. The two medical research institutes in Ms G Lapointe Mr David Shmith exceeded $2.6million. In 2001, Clive & Vera Ramaciotti Chas Clarkson organisations are represented New South Wales to receive Mr & Mrs Larkins Mrs Ivy Smart NHMRC grants income exceeds Foundations Channel Nine equally on the Institute’s Board an infrastructure grant of Ms Monika Law Ms Beth Southwell $4million and represents a Channel Seven of Directors. $700,000 per annum under Donations Mr & Mrs Ian Laycock Ms P Symons success rate of over 90 per cent Channel Ten Mrs K Lenehan Mrs Janet Tate The Board is also comprised Stream 1 of the NSW Health Dr G Adler Christian Dior against a national average of 25 Mr & Mrs A Lindsay Mr B Taylor Department R&D Research Ms S Ahmelman Cuffs and Collars of eminent community and per cent. This income includes a Ms Melanie Lindsay Ms Helen Taylor Infrastructure Program in the Mr & Mrs G Ashton Cypress Lakes business leaders. Its Chairman is large NHMRC Program Grant for Mr R Logan Mr & Mrs D Thomas first triennium of the Program Mr Frank Barnes Dents Mr William Penfold AM, of WC Experimental Neurology that Dr Christine Loo Dr Neal Thomson (1997-2000). In the second Mr Phillip Bartlett Done Art & Design Penfold Ltd. was renewed for a further five Miss Dorothy Lord Mr Peter Tyree (current) triennium of the Mr G Bond Freedom Furniture years at an increased level of Mrs Gladys MacCartie Mr & Mrs David Uther The Executive Director of same program (2000-2003), there Mr & Mrs D Booth Gordon Frost funding ($1.01million in 2001). Mr Greg Mackie Mr R Utz the Institute is Professor Ian are now six large independent Mr P Brassil International This program is the largest of Mr B K Mak Dr M Vagholkar McCloskey AO FAA FTSE FRACP. institutes recognised, and this Ms Carole Bourke Greater Union those presently in the NHMRC Mr & Mrs Maple-Brown Mr Robin Versluis Professor McCloskey is an expert Institute’s growth has moved Mr Ray Boyce Hale Imports system. The commitment of Mrs P Marcellos Rev & Mrs Wade-Main on human movement and Mr WR Carpenter Hermes it to second position in the Mr Max Markson Mr Robert Wlaker balance, and cardiovascular further funds by the NHMRC Mr Ian Cartwright IMAX group, having been awarded Dr P Marley Mr John Walton regulation. His past reflects its recognition of the Mrs E Castronini Simon Johnson $1,390,400 million per annum. Mr & Mrs K Mason Mr & Mrs Webster appointments include: quality of research accomplished Mrs B Chapman-Woods Fine Foods The increase in funds awarded Ms Pye McCormack Dr E Wegman Chairman of the Medical in the first four years of the Mr & Mrs D Cathels Lazybones Sleepwear provides considerable assistance Dr Colleen McCullough Miss Norma Willis Research Committee of the program. Mrs Sharon Cattana Longines towards the Institute’s Sir Ian McFarlane Mr G White Mr Denis Cleary Markson Sparks! National Health and Medical infrastructure needs. While the NHMRC continues Mr & Mrs C McLachlan Mr M Wrigley Mr & Mrs R Constable Metal Art Research Council; member of the to be a major source of Prof E McLachlan Mr & Mrs D Yaffa Mrs C Crowe Milbrovale Wines Commonwealth Government’s research funding, Institute Mr William McNally Mr & Mrs R Yuncken Research Grants Ms Patsy Dagget Nestlé Australia Coordination Committee on researchers have also been Mrs Barbara McNulty The Institute attracts competitive Mrs Norma Dalton The Oaks, Neutral Bay Science and Technology; member active in seeking research funds Mrs Joyce Millen Donations made by external grant funding from Prof Roger Dampney Panasonic of the Council of the Australian from other sources, such as the Mr David Milman family and friends in Judge C Davidson Pricewaterhouse- Mrs Margaret Murray memory of Mr J Denoon Coopers Mr P Murray Mr M Double Mrs Edna Cox Prunier’s Restaurant Mrs E Noss Mrs M Douglas Mr Glynn Hansen Radio 2UE Mr Denis O’Neil Mrs Isobel Doyle Mr McCartie Sheridan Australia Mr R O’Neil Mr & Mrs J Doyle Suntory Australia Ms J O’Neil Bequests Mr Robert Doyle Sydney Girls’ Mr J Park Droubalgie Pty Ltd Estate of J A Gilder High School Mr Tony Parker Mrs Yvonne Dunn Tooheys Mr & Mrs Parsons Mr J Fairfax Tyrell’s Wines Mr Will Penfold Mr & Mrs R Farrar W C Penfold Ltd Mr Graham Mr Jim Flemming Zebayish Trading Pennefather Mrs Doreen Frame Mrs J Pennington Mr & Mrs G Galloway Mrs MJ Potter Mr J Gissing Mr Robert Pratten Mr Philip Goymour Mr Geoff Prenter Miss M Greig Mis Wilga Pruden Ms M Guest Mr A Ramsay Mrs H Hall Mr Ian Rayner Identified brain cell taken from the work of an Institute scientist (Osborne) Prof G Halliday

4 PRINCE OF WALES MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT 2000-2001 FUNDRAISING 41 POW Imposed 17/4/02 2:30 PM Page 8

Fundraising

Acknowledgements Supporting our Research Special Purpose Australian Research Council, The Prince of Wales Medical We will be happy to respect Commonwealth Department of Events Research Institute is Australia’s a request that your donation be Health and Aged Care, largest independent site for applied to a particular area of Wellcome Trust (UK), Australasian Spinal Research Prunier’s Luncheon research on the functions and research or piece of equipment, disorders of the brain and the or to establish a scholarship for Trust, Australian Brain The fourth annual Prunier’s nervous system. We obtain outstanding young scientists to Foundation, Sylvia and Charles Luncheon was held in November funding through government further their research within the Viertel Charitable Foundation, and raised over $40,000 for the sources and successful grant Institute. National Stroke Foundation, Institute. Sincere thanks to the applications. However, there Ramaciotti Foundations, and the generous sponsorship of owner Christopher Reeve Paralysis are major costs that cannot Donations and chef, Michael Moore, be financed from these sources Foundation. Funding from non- master of ceremonies for the All donations over $2 to yet are vital expenditure if we NHMRC sources has become day, Channel Nine’s Sharon the Prince of Wales Medical are to remain at the leading more diverse over the last Ghidella and 130 guests who Research Institute are tax edge of research internationally. few years. Such funds play a enthusiastically purchased raffle deductible. very important role in the tickets and auction items This is where we are heavily Institute’s work and are including a limited edition dependent upon generous Bequests becoming vital in an increasingly lithograph by Prince Charles support from individuals and A bequest to the Prince competitive market for funds to companies who believe in what who kindly donated this of Wales Medical Research support research. we are achieving in the research collector’s piece. Institute is a lasting way to arena. Through their vital work, ensure that vital research our scientists will continue to programs will improve the lives Publications Individual and Corporate make a difference to the lives of many individuals suffering The Institute continues to have Giving of so many. You can also make devastating neurological a strong publications record, a significant difference by Financial support for the disorders. A detailed booklet on with a total of 63 fully refereed Chairman of the Board, Mr William Penfold, received an AM for “service to supporting the Institute Institute continued to grow from how to make a bequest to the works published in 2000. This the community, particularly through the Prince of Wales Medical Research financially and joining with us Institute, the Royal Blind Society and Rotary International” regular and new donors. We are Institute is available by phoning figure does not include the in an invaluable partnership. indebted to the many our Fundraising Department on Institute’s extensive record of (02) 9382 2738. corporations, organisations and conference proceedings and congratulated on his Use of donated funds abstracts, nor does it include Recognition of individuals who have provided appointment as the inaugural this invaluable financial support All donations are used to works “in press”. Board Members Mailing address for donations Chief Executive Officer of the over the past year. support the Institute’s research National Health and Medical PO Box 82 and Staff We also gratefully acknowledge programs and also to assist with Research Council with effect Fundraising Mr William Penfold, Chairman the significant pro bono the purchase of equipment and ST PAULS NSW 2031 from early 2001. Professor laboratory supplies. Donations As a not-for-profit company, the of the Board, was honoured by support provided from many All cheques should be made Pettigrew served on the are not used for administrative Institute holds an “Authority the Australian Government in corporations, in particular payable to the Prince of Wales POWMRI Limited Board on purposes or to support our to Fundraise for Charitable 2000 when he became a Hausmann Communications Medical Research Institute. two occasions, first as a nominee fundraising activities. Purposes”. The incorporated Member (AM) in the General who conducted a highly of the NHMRC and, more body POWMRI Limited supports Division of the Australia Day successful media campaign recently, as a nominee the Prince of Wales Medical Honours List “for service to the around the Official Opening. Research Institute through community, particularly through of UNSW. With his outstanding And thank you to the numerous its Board Finance Group and the Prince of Wales Medical record in health and medical companies and individuals various public relations and Research Institute, the Royal research and extensive executive who generously donated their fundraising activities are Blind Society and Rotary managerial experience, Professor services and products to ensure conducted throughout the year. International, and through the Pettigrew is ideally placed the success of all our events. to lead the NHMRC in new The Board of the Institute reproduction and publication of Your support and assistance are research directions. and its staff recognise that historic cartographic works”. invaluable. the Institute’s work must be Professor Alan Pettigrew, Professor John Niland AC, supplemented by funding former Director of the Institute Vice-Chancellor and President from sources other than and Deputy Vice-Chancellor of the University of New South those mentioned above for (Academic Affairs) at the Wales has replaced Professor the Institute’s work to proceed University of New South Wales is Pettigrew as the UNSW optimally.

40 PRINCE OF WALES MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT 2000-2001 INTRODUCTION 5 POW Imposed 17/4/02 2:30 PM Page 10

Paralympian Liesl Tesch and Denis Todorovic are regular visitors to the Institute

nominee to the Institute’s Board Postgraduate Students 2000 of Directors. In 2000, Professor Elspeth McLachlan, a senior scientist at the Institute, continued her STUDENT DEGREE PROJECT TITLE SUPERVISORS appointment with the Commonwealth Department Postgraduate degrees conferred in 2000 of Health as Director of the Dr Dominic Rowe PhD Immune inflammatory mechanisms in Parkinson’s G Halliday Centre for Research disease and experimental allergic nigral damage J Henderson Management of the National Health and Medical Research Jane Butler PhD Control of human inspiratory muscles S Gandevia Council, while maintaining her Robert Herbert PhD Motoneurons, muscles and tendons: factors S Gandevia research on the autonomic influencing muscle force production in humans nervous system at the Institute. Catherine Sherrington PhD The effects of exercise on physical ability following S Lord There are currently four fall-related hip fracture Fellows of the Australian Juliette Drobny MPsychol The relationship between vision and memory in K Anstey Academy of Science on the older people Institute staff, more than any other medical research institute in the country: Professors Ian Students continuing studies for postgraduate degrees in 2000 McCloskey, David Burke, Simon Dr Solomon Ni MD The role of sensory input in human motor control S Gandevia Gandevia and Elspeth McLachlan. Two of the Institute’s Dr Cecilia Cappelen-Smith PhD Activity-dependent conduction block in demyelinating D Burke staff are former Presidents of polyneuropathies the Australian Neuroscience Dr Robert Turner PhD Mechanisms by which anaesthetic drugs affect E McLachlan Society; three have been uterine smooth muscle function awarded the major national Melissa Broe PhD Molecular changes in Parkinson’s disease G Halliday prizes recognising excellence in medical research (the Wellcome Robert Gorman PhD Neural control and mechanics of human respiratory S Gandevia and Ramaciotti Awards); and muscles during increased ventilatory drive two of the Institute’s senior Todd Hardy PhD Analysis of factors controlling transmitter release J Brock scientists have been made from sympathetic nerves Officers in the Order of Rohan Humphrey PhD Pancreatic exocrine cells transdifferentiate to S Smith Australia (AO) for their services form multipotent cells (Anatomy to neurological science. Also, UNSW) / C Yeo members of the scientific staff occupy senior positions Cindy Lin PhD Differences in biophysical properties of cutaneous D Burke in national and international Professor Simon Gandevia afferents innervating upper and lower limbs organisations concerned with Virginia Macdonald PhD The neocortex in Huntington’s disease: comparison G Halliday nervous system function and with other neurodegenerative diseases dysfunction. (registration number 30945). students from various schools of The RRA Scheme is intended to the Faculty of Medicine, Penelope McNulty PhD Sensorimotor integration in control of the human hand V Macefield facilitate R&D activity with other University of New South Wales. Hylton Menz PhD Determinants of walking in normal and patient groups S Lord Commercialisation organisations, an increasingly This Institute actively supports Lorimer Moseley PhD The influence of psychological factors associated P Hodges important focus of the Institute’s both staff and students of Research with pain on neural control of spinal stability research directions. representing the organisation Further to its recognition as at relevant national and Margaret Smith-White PhD Role of neuropeptides in autonomic regulation E Potter an Approved Research Institute international conferences and of the cardiovascular system by the Department of Human Training and symposia. Daniel Wardman PhD Neural control of posture and locomotion R Fitzpatrick Services and Health, POWMRI is also a Registered Research Education Amelia Howland MPH Cost and cost-effectiveness of a tailored falls S Lord Agency (RRA) under the Federal Senior scientific staff of the prevention program Government’s RRA Program Institute supervise postgraduate Anne Tiedemann MPH Development of a validated falls risk assessment S Lord for use in general practice

6 PRINCE OF WALES MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT 2000-2001 EDUCATION 2000 39 POW Imposed 17/4/02 2:30 PM Page 12

Education 2000 Governance and

Seminars and Workshops Directorship In addition to the following Institute Seminars, regular Seminars were also held throughout the year for Mr William Penfold AM, Graduate Students. Premier Bob Carr and Professor Ian McCloskey AO 16 February RE Burke How to walk and chew gum at the same time: spinal pattern generators and sensory control On behalf of the Board, I congratulate each and every 1 March V Macefield The effect of skin mechanics on the firing properties staff member on the significant of human cutaneous mechanoreceptors achievements they have accomplished over the last R Ritzpatrick Weakness, proprioception and standing 12 months. S Lord I also take this opportunity 5 April R Carr Noise: from ice ages to muscle receptors to thank the vast number of people who have personally J Taylor Direct and reflex muscle responses to transmastoid stimulation supported the Institute during in human subjects the year 2000. In particular, our wonderful Patron, These myriad new facilities Chairman’s Dr Colleen McCullough whose 3 May A Harding What is responsible for the clinical features of dementia with have created a large, modern unquenchable enthusiasm Lewy bodies? Message – Mr research complex which provides for the work of the Institute a tangible base for the highly William Penfold AM is always so very much P Osborne 5-HT7 receptors: a target of atypical antipsychotic drugs in limbic specialised laboratories in which appreciated and my fellow forebrain? On November 15, 2000 the our exceptional researchers can Board members whose energy Board, our staff and our friends continue their current programs and expertise provide a 7 June P McNulty Does block of sensory input from the hand affect motor cortical had reason to be distinctly in neurological sciences and springboard for innovative output? proud of our association with diseases, an area of strength in approaches in fundraising the Prince of Wales Medical Australian medical research. We and promotion. C Lin Accommodation to depolarizing and hyperpolarizing currents Research Institute when Premier are now able to say that, with in cutaneous afferents of the human median and sural nerve Bob Carr performed the official our remarkable growth since the And, most importantly, the opening of the extensive new original opening in 1993, the Institute gratefully acknowledges 5 July P Hodges Breathing and moving facilities. It was an occasion Institute has become Australia’s the generous financial support to remember, in the company largest and most successful received from corporations, J Keast How do autonomic ganglion cells cope with losing their synaptic inputs? of many special guests, centre for research on functions individuals, organisations, trusts with a highlight being a and disorders of the brain and and foundations and those who 6 September N Petersen Cortical control of human walking congratulatory message on the nervous system. provided gifts in kind during video from the Institute’s the year. On behalf of the This centre of excellence, namesake, His Royal Highness, Board and staff, I express A Reynolds Molecular mechanisms regulating the retrograde axonal transport would not be possible without The Prince of Wales. sincere appreciation for these of neurotrophins leadership and commitment donations, all of which have Over the construction period, and so I take this opportunity helped us to reach a new 4 October E Lumbers Development of the cardiac baroreflex and the role of the cardiac we watched with avid interest to congratulate our Executive era in our quest to find so sympathetics in its implementation as the buildings took shape Director, Professor Ian McCloskey, many answers. and we saw the nature of the whose resolute contribution to 1 November J Brock Effects of blocking noradrenaline uptake on sympathetic Institute change with its the establishment of the We live within a community neuromuscular transmission in rat tail artery increased profile. With the Institute as we now know it has which expects its investment new extension to the Institute been instrumental in determining in medical research to be A-K Karlsson Autonomic dysfunction in spinal cord injury came significant growth, its place in the international translated into better health new opportunities and enhanced scientific arena. He has provided care – and rightly so. Through 23 November C Weiller Learning, plasticity and recovery in the central nervous system national and international a stimulating environment for your continued support, we will recognition through the pursuit his staff who respond with equal be able to develop further and 6 December K Double Diagnosing early dopaminergic cell death of eminent scientific inquiry, enthusiasm, creating a focus for meet our responsibilities to clinical application and fertile ideas which are realising provide a better health D Howells Mechanisms of dopaminergic regeneration: sprouting education. groundbreaking results. environment for all Australians. and neurogenesis

38 PRINCE OF WALES MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT 2000-2001 GOVERNANCE AND DIRECTORSHIP 7 POW Imposed 17/4/02 2:30 PM Page 14

Patron

Dr Colleen McCullough

Professor Roger Dampney, Janet Keast Editorships BSc PhD DSc • NHMRC Project Grant Assessment, Discipline • Director, POWMRI Limited, Panel for Cellular and Peripheral Neuroscience, Ian McCloskey 1998 - present 2000 • Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology (National Health & Medical Research Council • Grant assessment for the National Heart and Physiology Foundation (Australia), 1999 – 2000 nominee to the Board) • Experimental Physiology • Member of Executive Committee, International Head of the Department of Physiology at the Members of the Society for Autonomic Neuroscience, 1999 – University of Sydney and an Honorary Consultant David Burke Board of Directors Physiologist at Royal North Shore Hospital. Stephen Lord • Muscle and Nerve (Associate Editor) He is also a member of a number of Societies • Clinical Neurophysiology (Executive Board Mr William Penfold, AM • Member, Strategic Discussion Group, NSW Physical and Advisory Committees and was previously Member) • Chairman of the Board, a Member of NHMRC Regional Grants Activity Task Force to promote physical activity in • Journal of Clinical Neuroscience POWMRI Limited, 1991 - present Interviewing Committees and Member of NHMRC NSW, 1997 – 2002 • Contemporary Neurology • Chairman of the Board Finance Assigners’ Panel. • Member, Osteoporosis Australia Medical and Group, POWMRI Limited, 1991 - Scientific Committee Simon Gandevia present Professor Bruce Dowton, • Member and Scientific Advisor, New South Wales (University of New South Wales nominee to the Board) MBBS MD FACMG FRACP Falls Prevention Network • Journal of Physiology • Director, POWMRI Limited, 1998 - • Acta Physiologica Scandinavica Chairman of W C Penfold Limited and Director on Vaughan Macefield present • Journal of Applied Physiology a number of other Boards. Previously Vice President • NSW State Representative for the Australian of Printing and Allied Trades Association, a Director (University of New South Wales nominee • Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Neuroscience Society and on the organising of the Royal Blind Society, a Director of Chief to the Board) and Physiology committee for the Australian Neuroscience Executive Organisation, USA and held other posts • Australian Journal of Physiotherapy Dean of the Faculty of Medicine at the University Society Annual Meeting to be held in Sydney, with business and community organisations. of New South Wales, he is an honours graduate in Australia in 2002 Medicine and Surgery from the University of Sydney Elspeth McLachlan Mr Donald Booth and has trained as a paediatric geneticist in the Antony Harding • Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology USA where he directed the Division of Medical and Physiology • Director, POWMRI Limited, • Member, National Board, Transplant Australia 1998 - present Genetics at Washington University and was • Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System Associate Vice Chancellor and Associate Dean • Member, Organising Committee for the • Member of the Board Finance 2000 National Transplant Games Group, POWMRI Limited, for Medical Education. Erica Potter • Vice-President, Liver Support Group Inc 1998 - present • Asia Pacific Journal of Pharmacology Mr John Everett, BEc AASA (Independent nominee to the Board) Jasmine Henderson • Director, POWMRI Limited, George Paxinos Chairman and Managing Director of Fredk 1993 - present • Member, Parkinson’s Australia, 1997 – H Booth & Son Pty Ltd, Chairman and Managing • NeuroImage • Member of the Board Finance • Member, International Basal Ganglia Society, Director of Helendon Holdings Pty Ltd, Chairman • Neuroscience and Biobehavioural Reviews Group, POWMRI Limited, 1998 – and Managing Director of Industrial Chrome 1993 - present • Member, Australian Society for Medical Research, Group Pty Ltd and previously held a number Glenda Halliday (Independent nominee to the Board) 1998 – of executive posts within the wool industry. • Neuroscience Letters • Member, Sydney Movement Disorders Society, Chairman of Undercoverwear Lingerie and has 1997 – Mr Paul Brassil, BEc LLB previously held a number of honorary positions Paul Hodges • Member, Australian Society for Neuroscience, • Director, POWMRI Limited, with community and business organisations. 1998 – • Physiotherapy Research International 1997 - present (Associate Editor) • Regular invited speaker to community groups on • Member of the Board Finance Ms Deborah Green behalf of Parkinson’s Australia Group, POWMRI Limited, • Director, POWMRI Limited, 1997 - present 1997 - present Shirley Sarks (Independent nominee to the Board) (South Eastern Sydney Area Health Service • Director, Gerontology Foundation of Australia nominee to the Board) Partner in the Tax Consulting Services Division of PricewaterhouseCoopers and a Fellow of the Chief Executive Officer of South Taxation Institute of Australia specialising in Eastern Sydney Area Health Service, she is the advising local and international clients within the current Vice President of the Australian Healthcare manufacturing, media, property and professional Association and holds an Honorary Appointment service industries on income tax, remuneration at the Faculty of Medicine, University of New planning and FBT matters. South Wales.

8 PRINCE OF WALES MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT 2000-2001 OUR PROFILE 37 POW Imposed 17/4/02 2:30 PM Page 16

Service to the Scientific Elspeth McLachlan Dr Don Grimes, Mr David Thomas AO MBBS HonFAFPHM FRACMA Community • Member, Nuffield Foundation Medical Fellowship • Director, POWMRI Limited, Committee, 1999 – • Director, POWMRI Limited, 1997 - present 1996 - present Professional service to the scientific community • Chair, IBRO Asian Pacific Regional Committee, • Member of the Board Finance and related organisations: 1999 – 2001 (South Eastern Sydney Area Health Service Group, POWMRI Limited, • Chair, Committee to Review John Curtin nominee to the Board) 1997 - present School of Medical Research, 2000 Ian McCloskey Chairman of the Board of South Eastern Sydney (Independent nominee to the Board) • Member, IBRO Executive, 2000 – • Member, National Committee for Medicine, Area Health Service, Chair of AusHealth Licensee and Proprietor in the hotel and hospitality Australian Academy of Science, 1997 – 2000 • Member of Council, Australian Academy International and Director of Australian Institute industry, a member of Royal Sydney Yacht Squadron of Science, 1998 – 2002 of Political Science, he previously held several • Member, Prince Henry/Prince of Wales Hospitals and Dual Holdings, Cassilis NSW. Research Committee, 1998 – • Member, National Committee for Physiology, government ministerial positions. Australian Academy of Science, 1998 – 2002 Mr John Walton, David Burke • Member, Ad Hoc IBRO Committee on the Professor Ian McCloskey, AM MBA BEc CPA FAIM AO BSc(Med) MBBS DPhil DSc By-Laws, 1998 – 2000 • Director, POWMRI Limited, • Clinical Program Director, Institute of FAA FTSE FRACP Neurological Sciences, The Prince Henry • Member, Scientific Advisory Board, John Curtin 1991 - present • Executive Director, POWMRI and Prince of Wales Hospitals, 1998 – School of Medical Research, 1996 – 2001 • Member of the Board Finance Limited, 1994 - present • Director, Brain Foundation (NSW) Group, POWMRI Limited, Erica Potter • Member of the Board Finance • Co-Chairman, Division of Medicine, The Prince 1991 - present Group, POWMRI Limited, 1994 - present Henry and Prince of Wales Hospitals, 1998 – • Member, NHMRC Program Committee, 2001 (South Eastern Sydney Area Health Service nominee to the Board) Foundation Director of the Prince of Wales Medical • Member, Scientific Advisory Panel, Australasian Glenda Halliday Research Institute, is currently Conjoint Professor of Chairman of Walton Enterprises Pty Ltd, Deputy Spinal Research Trust, 1995 – the School of Physiology and Pharmacology at the Chairman of the Australian Institute of • Member, Scientific Advisory Committee, Madeline • Deputy Chair, NHMRC Project Grant Assessment University of New South Wales and a member of Management, and a Director of Young & Rubicam Foundation for Neurosurgical Research, 1999 – Sensorimotor Discipline Panel, 2000 several committees and advisory councils. Australia Pty Ltd, Capital Investments Pty Ltd, • Member-at-Large, Executive Committee, • Member, 2000 Biomedical Research Assessing Lassiters Holdings, and Sydney Children’s Hospital Committee for the Health Research Council Foundation. He has also served as Chairman of International Federation of Clinical Mrs Andrée Milman Neurophysiology (Region 2 representing North of New Zealand a number of corporate and community boards, and South America, Japan and Australasia), 1997 • Member, Scientific Advisory Board, Victorian • Director, POWMRI Limited, including the Eastern Sydney Area Health Service, – 2001 Movement Disorders Collaborative Research 1993 - present Waltons Limited and the Australian Retailers • Member, Executive Committee, Motor Neurone Group, 1998 – 2001 • Member of the Board Finance Association. Disease Research Institute Inc, 1995 – • Member, 2000 – 2002 Local Organising Group, POWMRI Limited, 1993 - present • Medical Advisor, Motor Neurone Disease Committee for the 2002 Annual Meeting Scientific Advisory Committee Association of NSW, 1993 – of the Australian Neuroscience Society (Independent nominee to the Board) • Member, Research Committee, Faculty of • Chairman, Medical Advisory Panel, Motor A Consultant with MIA Pty Limited, her previous Professor James Lance, Medicine, University of New South Wales, 1999 – Neurone Disease Association of NSW, 1999 – appointments include executive positions and AO CBE MD HonDSc FRACP FRCP FAA 2001 directorships of several major corporations in • Member, Commission on Somatosensory Function • Professor Emeritus, University of New South & Pain, International Union of Physiologists • Member, 2000 – 2001 Management Council, Australia, Europe and USA where she received Parkinson’s NSW Inc Wales • Council Member, Australian Association a number of awards for her business acumen. • Executive Director, Brain Bank, POWMRI and • Former Head of Neurology, Prince Henry/ Prince of Neurologists, 2000 – of Wales Hospitals Parkinson’s NSW Inc, 1995 – 2001 Professor John Niland, Simon Gandevia AC MCom PhD FASSA James Brock Professor James McLeod, • Chair, Commission on Exercise & Work Physiology • Director, POWMRI Limited, AO BSc(Med) MBBS DPhil DSc HonDU FRACP for the International Union • Treasurer, Australia and New Zealand 2000 - present FRCP FAA FTSE Microcirculation Society of Physiological Sciences (University of New South Wales nominee • Professor Emeritus, University of Sydney • Member, Research Fellowships Committee • Member of Organising Committee, 7th World to the Board) of the NHMRC, 1997 – 2000 Congress of Microcirculation Vice-Chancellor and President of the University Professor Stephen Redman, ME PhD DSc FAA • Member of Advisory Committee, Biennial of New South Wales, he previously held the Chair • Head, Division of Neuroscience, John Curtin Conference on Muscle and Nerve Function in Industrial Relations and has served periods as School of Medical Research in Health and Disease, University of Sydney Head of the School of Economics, Head of the • Member, Commission on Respiratory Physiology School of Industrial Relations, and Dean of the Professor Mark Rowe, BPharm MSc PhD DSc for the International Union Faculty of Commerce and Economics. He has also • School of Physiology and Pharmacology, of Physiological Sciences held extensive positions in corporate, government University of New South Wales and community arenas.

36 PRINCE OF WALES MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT 2000-2001 GOVERNANCE AND DIRECTORSHIP 9 POW Imposed 17/4/02 2:30 PM Page 18

Our Science

techniques for targeting these Executive Director’s McNulty PA, Ruffini endings in 20th Annual Meeting Melbourne lesions that Macefield VG the nail bed: roles in of Australian Neuroscience 30 Jan – 2 Feb 2000 Report are frequently very difficult motor control? Society The official opening of the Stage to manage operatively. II building works of the Institute Dr Janet Keast, an expert in Ni S, Collins DF, Matching muscle forces 20th Annual Meeting Melbourne by Premier Bob Carr in autonomic neuroscience and the Gandevia SC of Australian Neuroscience 30 Jan – 2 Feb 2000 November last year saw the control of urogenital function, Society commencement of a new period joined the Institute from the of rapid growth of the University of Queensland. Her Sarks SH Drusen: Types, natural Royal Australasian College Leura Institute’s research. The research on nerve injury and history, histological of Ophthalmologists, 31 Mar – 1 Apr 2000 expanded laboratory space neurotrophic factors builds an correlation, risk of new NSW Branch available made it possible for us important link between the vessels, whom to recruit outstanding new fundamental research on not to laser researchers to our cause and autonomic nervous system immediately there was a large function already being carried Sarks SH, Clinicopathology of Oceania Retinal Association Tasmania increase in the income derived out in the Institute, and the Sarks JP, Arnold JA, adult foveomacular 15 – 18 June 2000 from competitively earned Institute’s rapidly growing body Greaves A vitelliform degeneration research grants from external of research on spinal cord injury. agencies. She also has a research program Sarks SH, Clinicopathological 32nd Annual Congress of Sydney investigating the role that Professor Ian McCloskey AO Scientia Professor George Sarks JP, observations related to Royal Australasian College 19 – 23 Nov 2000 steroids (androgens and Paxinos, author of a number Arnold JA, pathogenesis of of Ophthalmology oestrogens) play in maintaining of brain “atlases” that are the Greaves A vetelliform macular or altering the function of some brain with ageing. His work in most-cited works in the world’s lesions neuroscientific literature, joined parts of the nervous system. this area adds new dimensions to the work of Associate the Institute from the University Dr Peregrine Osborne also Shepherd C, Increased cortical 20th Annual Meeting of Melbourne Professor Glenda Halliday of New South Wales, where he joined the Institute from the Thiel E, expression of non- Australian Neuroscience 30 Jan – 2 Feb 2000 and her associates on had been Professor of University of Queensland and McCann H, phosphorylated and Society neurodegenerative brain Psychology for many years. is a neuropharmacologist. He Halliday GM phosphorylated disorders. Professor Paxinos’ work in brings into to the Institute work neurofilament protein mapping the human brain will expertise in recording from These notable additions in Alzheimer’s disease add strength to the Institute’s single brain cells and investigating to the expanding Institute, research in nervous system how their activity can be together with the growth and Taylor JL, Magnetic stimulation of 20th Annual Meeting Melbourne morphology, and will itself gain changed by drugs. He is development of our existing Butler JE, the descending tracts in of Australian Neuroscience 30 Jan – 2 Feb 2000 greatly from its association with currently studying how addictive work, augur well for the future. Gandevia SC human subjects Society our brain tissue collection (the drugs cause long term changes ‘brain bank’). in brain function and is working Wardman DL, The effect of galvanic 20th Annual Meeting Melbourne Dr Marcus Stoodley, to identify cellular targets of Taylor JL, vestibular stimulation of Australian Neuroscience 30 Jan – 2 Feb 2000 a neurosurgeon specialising in antipsychotic drugs used to treat Fitzpatrick RC and standing on the Society cerebrovascular disorders, has schizophrenia. perception of the visual vertical also established laboratories Professor Tony Broe, formerly in the Institute. Dr Stoodley’s of the University of Sydney and Wardman DL, The effect of galvanic 20th Annual Meeting research focuses on post- the Repatriation General Melbourne Taylor JL, vestibular stimulation of Australian Neuroscience traumatic syringomyelia, an Hospital at Concord, moved in 30 Jan – 2 Feb 2000 Fitzpatrick RC and standing on the Society unfortunate sequel of spinal mid-1999 to the University of perception of the visual cord injury that can cause New South Wales where he is vertical increasing deficits through the now Professor of Geriatric formation of fluid-filled cysts in Medicine, and to the South the spinal cord years after the Eastern Sydney Area Health Wright JR, Effects of systemic 20th Annual Meeting Melbourne original injury. Another area of Service where he is Director of McCloskey DI, arterial blood pressure of Australian Neuroscience 30 Jan – 2 Feb 2000 the research he conducts with Community Health and Aged Fitzpatrick RC on the contraction of a Society his team is on cerebral Care. He has also commenced human hand muscle arteriovenous malformations. research in the Institute on This research uses molecular changes in the function of the Wright JR, The detection of 20th Annual Meeting Melbourne McCloskey DI, simultaneous joint of Australian Neuroscience 30 Jan – 2 Feb 2000 Fitzpatrick RC rotations in humans Society

10 PRINCE OF WALES MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT 2000-2001 OUR PROFILE 35 POW Imposed 17/4/02 2:30 PM Page 20

Scientific Reports

An overview of selected research programs is provided below together with some of the scientific highlights.

Neurobiology suggest that this agent increases conduction failure in Henderson JM, Electrical stimulation of 20th Annual Meeting of Melbourne (Brock laboratory) neurotransmitter release demyelinated axons, a study Pell M, O’Sullivan D, the thalamic Australian Neuroscience 30 Jan – 2 Feb 2000 through a novel intracellular published in Annals of Halliday GM centromedian and Society Control of neurotransmitter pathway that does not involve Neurology. This finding helps parafasicular nuclei in a release regulation of protein kinases. explain why a patient’s disability Parkinsonian patient In work published as a Special can fluctuate without evidence Report in the British Journal Axonal excitability of a change in disease pathology. Hendersen JM, The caudal intraminar 50th Annual Meeting of Melbourne of Pharmacology, we have been (Burke laboratory) Pell M, O’Sullivan D, nuclei: a surgical target the Australian Association May 2000 able for the first time to Halliday GM in the treatment of of Neurologists monitor, in intact tissues, Our studies have defined Brain pigment and differences in excitability of Parkinson’s disease? the packeted release of Parkinson’s disease noradrenaline from sympathetic nerve fibres innervating skin and nerves. This work uses a muscle in the upper and lower (Double laboratory) Lin CS-Y, Mogyoros Differences in behaviour 2000 Golden Jubilee Melbourne combination of electrochemical limbs, how the excitability of This year we have completed I, Kuwabara S, of cutaneous afferents Annual Scientific Meeting, 15 – 19 May 2000 and electrophysiological nerve fibres changes during our comparative study of the Cappelen-Smith C, in the median and sural Australian Association of techniques and demonstrates activity, and whether this can chemical structure of human Burke D nerves during and Neurologists that neurotransmitter is released impair nerve conduction, in neuromelanin compared with following release of from at least two different nerve papers published in the Journal synthetic dopamine melanin. ischaemia terminal stores. In separate of Physiology, Brain, and Muscle This pigment is thought to be studies reported in Naunyn- and Nerve. These findings help involved in the aetiology of Lord SR An exercise program for Falls Research Symposium, Canberra Schmiedeberg’s Archive of explain the apparent Parkinson’s disease. Our work, preventing falls in 4th National Injury Nov 2000 Pharmacology, we have studied vulnerability of different published in Journal of retirement village Prevention Conference the actions of the intracellular nerve fibres in peripheral nerve Neurochemistry, demonstrated dwellers signalling molecule, adenosine diseases. A particularly significant differences between 3’,5’-cyclic monophosphate, on important finding, relevant the endogenous and the neurotransmitter release from to multiple sclerosis, was that synthetic melanin pigment. Lopez de-Armentia Effects of potassium and 20th Annual Meeting of Melbourne sympathetic nerves. The results natural activity can cause For example, native pigment M, Stebbing MJ, calcium channel Australian Neuroscience 30 Jan – 2 Feb 2000 contains a protein component McLachlan EM blockers on the action Society which is lacking in the synthetic potentials of dorsal root melanin. This is significant as the ganglion neurons after majority of studies in this area axotomy have used the synthetic melanin as a model of the endogenous Luff SE, Sympathetic innervation 20th Annual Meeting of Melbourne pigment. Our results suggest Young SE, of mesenteric arteries of Australian Neuroscience 30 Jan – 2 Feb 2000 that the synthetic melanin McLachlan EM adult SHR rats differs Society models the native pigment from that of WKY rats poorly and thus questions the only in density validity of data obtained using the synthetic melanin. In addition, we have continued Macefield VG, Sympathetic modulation 20th Annual Meeting of Melbourne our work examining the possible Elam M of human cutaneous Australian Neuroscience 30 Jan – 2 Feb 2000 causes of Parkinson’s disease. mechanoreceptors Society In contrast to previously published work, we found that Martínez-Pinna J, Sources of calcium for 20th Annual Meeting of Melbourne a chemical used in the plastics McLachlan EM, activation of chloride Australian Neuroscience 30 Jan – 2 Feb 2000 industry which has been linked Gallego R and potassium channels Society to an increased incidence involved in after of Parkinson’s disease in potentials in mouse exposed individuals does not sympathetic neurones induce significant dopamine cell death and thus is unlikely to be linked to the aetiology of McLachlan EM Sympathetic Australian Pain Society Melbourne this disorder. involvement in pain March 2000 Professor Elspeth McLachlan and Dr James Brock after nerve injury, Plenary Lecture

34 PRINCE OF WALES MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT 2000-2001 OUR SCIENCE 11 POW Imposed 17/4/02 2:30 PM Page 22

symptoms are often milder compared to those not on anti- Double KL, Structural characteristics 20th Annual Meeting Melbourne inflammatory drugs. Riederer P, of human substantia of Australian Neuroscience 30 Jan – 2 Feb 2000 The cellular mechanism/s Gerlach M nigra neuromelanin Society underlying this observation are not understood, and until we Elam M, The firing pattern 20th Annual Meeting of Melbourne know the mechanism/s, more McKenzie DK, of single muscle Australian Neuroscience 30 Jan – 2 Feb 2000 successful treatments will not be Macefield VG vasoconstrictor Society able to be developed. neurones in awake A review of the literature patients with the suggested that the drugs act obstructive sleep directly on the brain to stop the apnoea syndrome pathology. Our first study analysed pathology in the brains of patients in whom we knew 1) Gandevia SC, Effect of voluntary 20th Annual Meeting of Melbourne whether they had taken anti- Butler JE, contraction on human Australian Neuroscience 30 Jan – 2 Feb, 2000 inflammatory drugs and 2) if the Taylor JL motoneurones Society drugs were helpful to their dementia. We could not find any Halliday GM, A review of the 20th Annual Meeting of Melbourne difference in the brain neuropathology Australian Neuroscience 30 Jan – 2 Feb 2000 pathology or inflammation levels of schizophrenia Society (see figure below), despite the fact that people taking the Associate Professor Glenda Halliday and Dr Kay Double preparing to drugs had less/milder symptoms Halliday GM Do abnormalities 50th Annual Meeting of Melbourne section a brain of dementia. Analysing different (invited in different cortical the Australian Association May 2000 types of dementia, brain speaker), regions contribute to of Neurologists Human sensation and Brain inflammation inflammation was only found in Harding AJ, the clinical features Alzheimer’s disease. Our final motor control and dementia Broe GA of cases with Lewy study analysed the drug doses bodies? (Gandevia laboratory) (Halliday laboratory) required for the effect on During the year, we published We, and others, have found that dementia symptoms and found Harding AJ, Density of cortical Lewy 20th Annual Meeting Melbourne further reports of how the people who take anti- that the effective doses are too low to act on brain Halliday GM bodies relating to of Australian Neuroscience 30 Jan – 2 Feb 2000 human diaphragm performs not inflammatory drugs are less dementia Society only during breathing but also likely to have dementia, and inflammation, but are more during movements made by the if they do have dementia, their likely to affect the blood vessels. limbs. The diaphragm contracts, Harding AJ, The diagnosis of 50th Annual Meeting of Melbourne beginning just prior to Halliday GM dementia in Lewy body the Australian Association May 2000 movement of the limbs. This diseases of Neurologists contributes to elevate pressure in the abdomen and probably to Hardy TA, Effects of caffeine 20th Annual Meeting Melbourne increase the stability of the spine. Brock JA at sympathetic of Australian Neuroscience 30 Jan – 2 Feb 2000 We have also been investigating neuroeffector junctions Society the mechanisms underlying the in the guinea-pig vas sensation of movements of joints. deferens We have used simple techniques to show that messages from receptors in the skin of the hand Harker K, Aspects of school 2000 Speech Pathology Adelaide can contribute to the sensation Reed VA, children’s written Australia National 8 – 12 May 2000 of movement of finger joints. Harasty JA information reports Conference Previously, the role of skin in three grades receptors was considered to be relatively minor. This work has Hendersen JM, Loss of thalamic 50th Annual Meeting of Melbourne been published in the Journal of Visualising inflammatory brain cells in patients with Alzheimer’s disease Carpenter K, regulation of the basal the Australian Association May 2000 Physiology. (Halliday) Cartwright HR, ganglia in Parkinson’s of Neurologists Halliday GM disease

12 PRINCE OF WALES MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT 2000-2001 OUR PROFILE 33 POW Imposed 17/4/02 2:30 PM Page 24

National Conference Presentations 2000 Progressive Neurobiology of differences between the supranuclear palsy speech and language anatomic correlates of fluent and nonfluent language (Halliday laboratory) (Harasty laboratory) AUTHORS TITLE NAME OF CONFERENCE PLACE & DATE OF CONFERENCE symptoms from dementia Progressive supranuclear palsy is Unfortunately, about one in were explored using neuronal Anstey KJ, MA, Underestimation Australasian Society for Adelaide a disabling movement disorder seven Australians lose or have anatomical measurement Schreiber S of cognitive decline Psychiatric Research 7 – 8 Dec 2000 similar to Parkinson’s disease but impaired speech and language techniques for the first time. in longitudinal aging with the additional symptoms of skills. Older Australians lose their studies due to missing falling and eye movement speech skills through diseases Parkinson’s disease data problems. The reason for the such as Alzheimer’s disease, and and glutamate additional clinical symptoms is other degenerative disorders, (Henderson laboratory) Brock JA, Quantal release of 20th Annual Meeting of Melbourne not understood. We have been while many children and Dunn WR noradrenaline from Australian Neuroscience 30 Jan – 2 Feb 2000 comparing patients with this young adults suffer from Parkinson’s disease is a sympathetic nerve Society disorder to those with developmental communication degenerative disorder of the terminals Parkinson’s disease and found impairments such as stuttering, brain in which people develop that certain brain regions specific language impairment tremor, rigidity and slowed degenerated in both disorders, or dyslexia. Understanding the movements. Until recently, it Broe M, Morphological features 20th Annual Meeting of Melbourne but that additional regions brain basis for these disorders has been thought that the loss Shepherd C, of DNA fragmentation Australian Neuroscience 30 Jan – 2 Feb 2000 degenerated in progressive progresses us toward developing of a chemical, dopamine, from Milward EA, in Alzheimer’s disease Society supranuclear palsy. In particular, new treatments. We have been dying cells in the midbrain is Halliday GM and Lewy body disease we have identified the regional examining the brains of people responsible for these symptoms. brain pathology responsible for with different types of speech As a result, the main drug their eye movement problems and language symptoms and Burke D Motor neurone disease, 2000 Golden Jubilee Melbourne treatment for Parkinson’s is and falling. In collaboration comparing these to control Invited Presentation Annual Scientific Meeting, 15 – 19 May 2000 to replace dopamine. In 2000, with the Garvan Institute, we subjects. Our studies have been Australian Association of we published our exciting identified a family (see figure conducted in conjunction with Neurologists discovery of degeneration within below) with an abnormality in Cambridge University, England. another brain structure called the tau gene, suggesting that Work has been published this the thalamus. Since the thalamus Cappelen-Smith C, Activity-dependent 2000 Golden Jubilee Melbourne abnormalities in this protein are year which provides data that contains glutamate, it may be Kuwabara S, conduction block in Annual Scientific Meeting, 15 – 19 May 2000 important in this disorder. suggests an important role for possible to further improve Lin CS-Y, chronic demyelinating Australian Association of the anterior and posterior insula Parkinson’s symptoms using Mogyoros I, polyneuropathy Neurologists in phonologic output processing drugs affecting this brain Burke D (phonology is the sound system transmitter substance. We are of a language) which planning further experiments in is a seminal finding. As well, Collins DF, Localised stimulation of 20th Annual Meeting of Melbourne animal models and humans to Refshauge K, the dorsal and ventral Australian Neuroscience 30 Jan – 2 Feb 2000 address this issue. Gandevia SC skin of the hand Society focusses vibratory- evoked illusions of finger movement in humans

Cowell SF, ‘Number-forms in 30th Annual Scientific Adelaide Code C, neuroimaging? Meeting of the Australian 20 – 24 May 2000 Harasty JA, A PET activation study, and New Zealand Society Egan GF, Nuclear Medicine of Nuclear Medicine Watson J Communications

Davies PJ, Functional changes 20th Annual Meeting of Melbourne McLachlan EM, in rat lumbar Australian Neuroscience 30 Jan – 2 Feb 2000 sympathetic ganglia Society Brain imaging of two sisters from the same family identified with a tau 2-6 weeks after gene abnormality, relatively preserved brain tissue (A v C), but transection of the abnormalities on functional brain scan (B v D) (Halliday) thoracic spinal cord

32 PRINCE OF WALES MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT 2000-2001 OUR SCIENCE 13 POW Imposed 17/4/02 2:30 PM Page 26

Injury Cellular neuroscience Lord SR Sensory and motor Balance and Motor Control Brisbane, Australia (Keast laboratory) (Keast laboratory) correlates of balance Symposium, Sep 2000 Remodelling of peripheral Chemical properties of sensory control in older people Pre-Olympic Congress nerve pathways after injury neurons

We have been studying a group In work published in the Journal Lord SR Neurophysiological and International Conference University of New South of autonomic neurons called the of Comparative Neurology, we sensory changes with on the Ageing Brain Wales, Sydney, Australia pelvic ganglia, which send axons have investigated how the ageing Nov 2000 to the bladder and reproductive amino acid substances, aspartate organs. These nerve cells receive and glutamate, are distributed signals from the spinal cord, and in different types of sensory Luff SE, Sympathetic innervation 2nd International Meeting London these signals are essential for neurons, and in different parts Young SB, of mesenteric arteries of of the International Society 17 – 21 Jul 2000 Figure 1 - Pelvic ganglion neuron control of the pelvic organs of sensory neurons. Glutamate McLachlan EM adult SHR rats differs of Autonomic Neuroscience from an adult rat, cultured in the (eg: emptying the bladder). is well-known as an important from that of WKY rats presence of nerve growth factor only in density We have previously found that for two days (Keast) transmitter released from after damaging the connections sensory neurons into the spinal between the spinal cord and cord, and in many parts of the Luszcz MA, Implications of International Society for Beijing, China pelvic ganglia, many new nerve brain. However, we found that Anstey KJ, longitudinal change in the Study of Behavioural 11 – 15 Jul 2000 connections grow between glutamate and the related Giles L, cognitive and sensory Development pelvic ganglion cells. This may amino acid aspartate are also Andrews GR functioning in very old be important because the new transported along sensory nerve adults participating connections may impede correct fibres that travel out to organs in the Australian regrowth of the original such as the bladder and bowel, Longitudinal Study connections with the cord. or to the skin and leg muscles. of Ageing As part of a longer study to This suggests that these amino understand the trigger for this acids may also be released as new growth, we have carried transmitters in peripheral tissues McLachlan EM Plasticity of the 5th Scientific Congress of Sydney out an anatomical study or may influence how easily peripheral autonomic the Paralympic Games Oct 2000 (Neuroscience Letters) to find Figure 2 - Lumbar dorsal root sensory fibres can get excited. nervous system out what types of neurons send ganglion, showing sensory We also found the surprising following spinal injury axons between the spinal cord neurons stained for nerve growth result that even though all factor receptor (Keast) and the pelvic ganglion. sensory neurons are thought to McLachlan EM The autonomic nervous Symposium on Sensory Hong Kong It is possible that the injury also release glutamate in the spinal system: precise neural Processing, Motor Control Dec 2000 damages axons from ganglion cord, less than half of them store control of effector and Autonomic Regulation, cells that project towards the these amino acids in their cell organ responses Meeting of the Federation spinal cord. By using fluorescent bodies. This suggests that there of Asian and Oceanian tracer dyes and immuno- is a lot of variability between Neuroscience Societies histochemistry we showed that sensory neurons in the way they this did not occur in many use, store or transport these neurons and so the new growth substances. Further studies are Macefield VG, Modulation of ongoing 30th Annual Meeting of New Orleans, USA must be triggered by removal of being carried out to understand McNulty PA EMG by type II, but not Society for Neuroscience 4 – 9 Nov 2000 fibres arising from the spinal how sex steroids (oestrogen and type I, slowly adapting cord. This work is being testosterone) affect the way cutaneous afferents in extended to study how in which sensory neurons work. human glabrous skin neurotrophic factors may be Figure 3 - Lumbar dorsal root involved in causing this new ganglion, showing sensory neurons (Osborne laboratory) Osborne PB, Different 30th Annual Meeting of New Orleans, USA growth, and how this impacts stained for glutamate; many glial Morphine metabolites are Bengtson CP electrophysiological Society for Neuroscience 4 –9 Nov 2000 upon regeneration of the cells also store high levels of this more effective than morphine effects of serotonin in damaged fibres. amino acid (Keast) globus pallidus and With colleagues from the ventral pallidum University of Sydney, we have

Shepherd C, Specificity of 14th International Congress Birmingham, UK Krill JJ, inflammatory pathology of Neuropathology 3 – 6 Sep 2000 Halliday GM for Alzheimer’s disease

14 PRINCE OF WALES MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT 2000-2001 OUR PROFILE 31 POW Imposed 17/4/02 2:30 PM Page 28

found that a metabolite of and other mood disorders. We the hand and in the toe-extensor Christensen H, Predictors of cognitive International Congress of Stockholm, Sweden morphine is more effective than have been studying in rats how muscles of the leg. We have Mackinnon AJ, variability Psychology 23 – 28 Jul 2000 morphine itself at inhibiting drugs affect the electrical activity employed this approach to assess Korten A, neurons in the brain (British of neurons in a forebrain area whether the contractile Jorm AF, Anstey K, Journal of Pharmacology). known as the ventral pallidum properties of single human Luszcz M Morphine glucuronides are (Journal of Neurophysiology). motor units in the short muscles formed in the liver and are We found two types of neuron of the fingers differ from those biologically active unlike most that were strongly affected by in the long (forearm) muscles. In Collins DF, Afferent activation 30th Annual Meeting of New Orleans, USA other drug metabolites. The 5-HT and dopamine: cells a paper published in the Journal Gandevia SC contributes to force Society for Neuroscience 4 – 9 Nov 2000 study measured drug effects on containing the inhibitory of Physiology, we showed that production during single neurons in slices of rat chemical GABA and cholinergic motor units in the intrinsic electrical stimulation of brain in an area known as the cells that are of the type that (short) muscles of the hand are human muscle locus coeruleus, and showed the die in Alzheimer’s disease. The more sensitive to modulating metabolite to be more effective early findings of the study force output by changes in than morphine at inhibiting the identify the ventral pallidum as motoneurone firing rates than Gerlach M, Structural characteristics The Forum of European Brighton, UK electrical activity of the cells. a previously unrecognised target are those in the extrinsic (long) Double KL, of human substantia Neuroscience 2000 24 – 28 Jun 2000 This new result could explain of antipsychotic and muscles of the forearm. These Zecca L, Mauer M, nigra neuromelanin why morphine glucuronide is psychostimulant drugs. observations suggest that the Greisinger E, much better than morphine smaller muscles of the hand may Riederer P at reducing pain in animals Differences in contractile be better suited for fine and humans. manipulative tasks than the long properties of single muscles acting on the digits. Halliday GM Dementia with Lewy The Ageing Brain, An Sydney, Australia motor units in human (Osborne laboratory) bodies: its current status International Conference Nov 2000 finger muscles Firing properties University of New South Wales Psychosis and drug targets (Macefield laboratory) of single muscle in the forebrain Using tungsten microelectrodes vasoconstrictor neurones Antipsychotic drugs used inserted into human peripheral Hardy TA, Evidence that cAMP 2nd International Meeting London, UK to treat schizophrenia and during the prolonged nerves, it is possible to Brock JA controls neurotransmitter of the International Society 17 – 21 Jul 2000 psychostimulant drugs like sympathetic bursts electrically stimulate single release from sympathetic of Autonomic Neuroscience cocaine and amphetamine, motor axons and measure the associated with ectopic nerve terminals in the which cause psychotic symptoms, contractile properties of the heartbeats guinea-pig vas deferens target dopamine and serotonin muscle fibres supplied by that (Macefield laboratory) by a PKA-independent (5-HT) networks in the brain. axon. This approach has been mechanism These are chemical signalling Performing further analyses on applied successfully to single systems that regulate forebrain our single-unit data obtained human motor units in the areas affected by schizophrenia from heart-failure patients at intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of Keast JR, Electrophysiological 30th Annual Meeting of New Orleans, USA Sahlgrenska Hospital in Sweden, Ouyang M properties of pelvic Society for Neuroscience 4 – 9 Nov 2000 we have assessed whether the ganglion cells in intact activity of individual muscle adult, castrated adult vasoconstrictor neurones and prepubertal male changed during the intense rates sympathetic bursts that follow the sudden fall in blood pressure associated with ectopic Lopez Effects of sodium and 30th Annual Meeting of New Orleans, USA heartbeats. In a paper published de-Armentia M, calcium channel Society for Neuroscience 4 – 9 Nov 2000 in the Journal of Applied Stebbing MJ, blockers on the action Physiology, we showed that McLachlan EM potentials of dorsal root single neurones increased their ganglion cells after firing probability and fired more spinal nerve transection often in the intense sympathetic burst. This shift towards multiple firing will result in an Lord SR Exercise programs Ageing and Exercise Brisbane, Australia exaggerated release of improve physical Symposium, Pre-Olympic Sep 2000 Dr Vaughan Macefield testing the contractile properties of single motor noradrenaline (and other functioning in older Congress units in finger muscle neurotransmitters) which, given people

30 PRINCE OF WALES MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT 2000-2001 OUR SCIENCE 15 Imposed 2 17/4/02 2:33 PM Page 1

the parallel changes in muscle navigate the brain of humans special attention are the International Conference Presentations 2000 and cardiac sympathetic outflow and experimental animals to test autonomic (including that are known to occur hypotheses inspired by human cardiovascular) control areas generally, may result in a considerations, and relate data and the cortex. AUTHORS TITLE NAME OF CONFERENCE PLACE & DATE OF CONFERENCE dangerous elevation of from experimental animals noradrenaline at the heart. to humans. Macular degeneration Anstey KJ Biomarkers, health and XXVII International Stockholm, Sweden (invited speaker), cognitive aging: Results Congress of Psychology 23 – 28 Jul 2000 We are establishing the (Sarks laboratory) Luszcz MA, from Australian studies Mapping the brain correspondences (homologues) Lord SR, of humans and between the human brain and Age-related macular Christensen H experimental animals that of experimental animals so degeneration is the major cause (Paxinos laboratory) that those studying models of of legal blindness in the Western human disease in animals can world and in 80 per cent of cases Maps and a suitable coordinate Brock JA Electrophysiological and 2nd International Meeting London, UK relate their observations to the this is due to the ingrowth of reference system are required electrochemical studies of the International Society 17 – 21 Jul 2000 humans. Additionally, we are new blood vessels which bleed. for navigation within, and of neurotransmitter of Autonomic Neuroscience producing the atlases used An early clinical sign of the communication about, a three- release at the internationally to study the disease is the presence of drusen dimensional space. Neuroscience sympathetic human brain. Imaging (seen as yellow spots in the is no different from geography neuroeffector junction techniques now allow retina) and the present study, in its need for standard maps, visualisation of the living brain. terminology and coordinate which is based on the However, researchers and Broe M, Cellular protein changes 6th International Congress Barcelona, Spain systems for the effective study clinicopathological examination clinicians require the equivalent Milward EA, in the midbrain of Parkinson’s Disease and 11 – 15 Jun 2000 of the normal and diseased of over 600 eyes collected from of a street directory for the Halliday GM, pigmented neurons of Movement Disorders human brain. In geographic elderly donors, has shown that brain, and it is these reference Jensen P patients with movement atlases, on a single physical there are different types of atlases that are being disorders and dementia reality, a myriad of abstract drusen. New vessels develop constructed at the Institute. representations can be when drusen form a continuous The group is taking advantage superimposed, including climate, layer of debris beneath the Broe M, Morphological features European Neuroscience Brighton, UK religious affiliations and crime of modern molecular techniques retina, and we have been Shepherd C, of DNA fragmentation Congress 24 – 28 Jun 2000 to stain the human brain in a statistics. In an analogous determining the quantity and Milward E, in patients with fashion, connections, neuro- way that its structure is revealed. type of debris present at the Halliday G movement disorders chemistry, cell types and imaging They detect the presence of stage when new vessels develop. and dementia, data can be superimposed on neurotransmitters and enzymes This corresponds to a change in architectonic maps, the at the protein level their clinical appearance from backbone of the wider neuro- (immunohistochemistry) and Burke D Intraoperative Asian-Oceanian Manila, Philippines science research. We are at the mRNA level (in situ ‘hard’ to ‘soft’ and has led to monitoring of spinal Congress of Clinical 20 – 21 Jan 2000 collaborating with researchers hybridization). They use the a classification of drusen now cord function, Invited Neurophysiology nationally and internationally to distribution of these substances being used in clinical trials for Lecture produce accurate maps and 3D as a guide to brain organisation. the many forms of treatment conceptual stereotaxic space to Two of the areas of the human which are currently achieving enable neuroscientists to brain where the group is paying considerable publicity. Burke D Axonal excitability 10th European Congress of Lyon, France in peripheral Clinical Neurophysiology 26 – 30 Aug 2000 neuropathies, Invited Lecture

Burke D, Axonal evaluation using 10th European Congress of Lyon, France Bostock H threshold tracking, Clinical Neurophysiology 26 – 30 Aug 2000 Invited Hands-On Workshop

Cappelen-Smith C, Membrane 10th European Congress of Lyon, France Kuwabara S, properties in chronic Clinical Neurophysiology 26 – 30 Aug 2000 Semithin plastic section showing early new vessel formation (arrow). The vessel is bulging through the membrane Lin CS-Y, inflammatory which separates the retina from the underlying tissues. ‘Hard’ (H) and ‘soft’ (S) drusen are present. Soft drusen can Mogyoros I, demyelinating be seen to separate the retina from the underlying tissue and open a plane into which the new vessels grow. The Burke D polyneuropathy debris in soft drusen can be seen to have a different composition to hard drusen and is currently being studied.

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muscle cells of rat small mesenteric arteries, a threshold conductance at the node of Collaborations databasing and tissue resourcing for their work Journal of Comparative Neurology, 416, 277- Ranvier of single motor axons, Muscle Nerve, on Parkinson’s disease. Associate Professor 290, 2000 23, 1719-1726, 2000 Halliday and Dr Antony Harding collaborate with National links 47. Macefield VG, Fuglevand AJ, Howell JN & 56. Opeskin K, Kalnins RM, Halliday GM, Professor Peter Schofield and his team at the Bigland-Ritchie B, Discharge behaviour of Cartwright HR, Berkovic SF, Idiopathic • Since Professor Tony Broe joined us at POWMRI, Garvan Institute for Medical Research on genetic single motor units during maximal voluntary generalised epilepsy. Lack of significant Associate Professor Halliday and Dr Antony forms of dementia. Associate Professor Halliday contractions of a human toe extensor, Journal microdysgenesis, Neurology, 55, 1101-1106, Harding have considerably strengthened research also has a very strong collaborative relationship of Physiology, 2000 528, 227-234 2000 activities on various dementia syndromes with Dr Jillian Kril at the Centre for Education 48. Martínez-Pinna J, Davies PJ, McLachlan EM, 57. Shepherd C, Thiel E, McCann H, Harding AJ, between POWMRI and CERA (Centre for and Research on Ageing at Concord Hospital, Diversity of channels involved in calcium Halliday GM, Cortical inflammation in Education and Research on Ageing) at Concord sharing research team members between sites. activation of potassium channels during the Alzheimer’s disease but not dementia with Hospital. This includes POWMRI staff working The Brain Bank is run between these sites and at both sites. prolonged after hyperpolarization in guinea- Lewy bodies, Archives of Neurology, the harvested tissue is used by both groups for pig sympathetic neurones, Journal 57, 817-822, 2000 • Dr James Brock, Conjoint Senior Lecturer with a large number of research projects on of Neurophysiology, 84, 1346-1354, 2000 58. Stanford PM, Halliday GM, Brooks WS, Kwok the School of Physiology and Pharmacology, neurodegenerative disorders. 49. Martínez-Pinna J, McLachlan EM, Gallego R, JBJ, Storey CE, Creasey H, Morris JGL, Fulham UNSW, collaborates with a group from the • Dr Jenny Harasty is working with Dr Caroline Rae, Distinct mechanisms for activation of chloride M, Schofield P, Progressive supranuclear palsy School of Chemistry at Sydney’s Macquarie a neural biochemist from the University of and potassium currents by calcium from pathology caused by a novel silent mutation University. The scientists are investigating both Sydney, on a number of studies examining the different sources in mouse sympathetic in exon 10 of the tau gene. Expansion of the electrochemically and electrophysiologically the human cortex and cerebellum in different neurons, Journal of Physiology (London), 527, disease phenotype caused by tau gene secretion mechanisms of neurotransmitter from disorders and syndromes. Associate Professor Lee 249-264, 2000 mutations, Brain, 123, 880-893, 2000 sympathetic nerves. Seldon, a physicist and neuroanatomist from La 50. McCloskey MJD, Potter EK, Sympathetic and 59. Taylor JL, Allen GM, Butler JE, Gandevia SC, • Dr Kay Double is a Conjoint Lecturer in the Trobe University, Melbourne has worked with Dr parasympathetic interaction in vascular and Supraspinal fatigue during intermittent School of Physiology and Pharmacology and Harasty on a paper examining the shape of the secretory control of salivary glands in maximal voluntary contractions of the human a Visiting Scientist, Department of Neurology, planum temporale comparing the two anaesthetised dogs, Autonomic Neuroscience: elbow flexors, Journal of Applied Physiology, Royal North Shore Hospital. Dr Double hemispheres. Professor Vicki Reed, Head of School Basic and Clinical, 84, 50-57, 2000 89, 305-313, 2000 coordinates a 30-strong team of Basic Scientists, of Communication Disorders, University of Sydney 51. McKenzie DK, Gorman RB, Tolman J, Pride NB, 60. Taylor JL, Butler JE, Gandevia SC, Changes Neurologists, Specialist Nurses and other is also working with Dr Harasty on examining Gandevia SC, Estimation of diaphragm length in muscle afferents, motoneurons and motor professionals in the Sydney DEDCeL (Diagnosing children with developmental disorders. in patients with severe chronic obstructive Early Dopamine Cell Loss) study which aims pulmonary disease, Respiration Physiology, drive during muscle fatigue, European Journal • Dr Jasmine Henderson, whose research is on of Applied Physiology, 83, 106-115, 2000 to develop novel diagnostic methods for Parkinson’s disease, has close collaborative links 123, 225-234, 2000 Parkinson’s disease. 52. McNulty PA, Falland KJ, Macefield V, 61. Taylor JL, Peterson A, Butler JE, Gandevia SC, with the following research scientists in hospitals, • Dr Kay Double and Associate Professor Halliday Comparison of contractile properties of single Ischaemia after exercise does not reduce universities and other institutions in Australia: have developed a close collaboration with motor units in intrinsic and extrinsic finger responses of human motoneurones to cortical Associate Professor John Morris, Dr Victor Fung Dr Dominic Rowe at Royal North Shore Hospital, muscles, Journal of Physiology, 526, 445-456, or corticospinal tract stimulation, Journal of and Dr Mariese Hely of the Department of which has resulted in a potential new blood test 2000 Physiology (London), 525, 793-801, 2000 Neurology, Westmead Hospital (these studies for Parkinson’s disease. A multicentre trial is 53. Mogyoros I, Bostock H, Burke D, Mechanisms 62. Wright JR, McCloskey DI, Fitzpatrick RC, Effects involve clinicopathological analysis of brains of currently underway (Westmead, RNS, Concord, of paresthesias arising from healthy axons, of systemic arterial blood pressure PD patients); Drs Dudley O’Sullivan (neurologist) John Hunter, Bankstown, POW Hospitals). Muscle Nerve, 23, 310-320, 2000 on the contractile force of a human hand and Dr Malcolm Pell (neurosurgeon) of St Vincent’s 54. Mogyoros I, Lin CS-Y, Dowla S, Grosskreutz J, muscle, Journal of Applied Physiology, 88, • Professor Simon Gandevia and Dr Janet Taylor Hospital, Sydney (studying patients who underwent Burke D, Reproducibility of indicies of axonal 1390-1396, 2000 have continued a collaboration with Professors neurosurgery for PD); Dr David Finkelstein and excitability in human subjects, Clinical 63. Xiao AY, Double KL, Heinemann T, Rausch WD, Phillip Mitchell and Perminder Sachdev (Mood Professor Mal Horne of Monash University, Neurophysiology, 11, 23-28, 2000 Riederer P, Gerlach M, The industrial chemical Disorders Unit at the Prince of Wales Hospital). Victoria (this involves examination of the effects 55. Mogyoros I, Lin CS-Y, Kuwabara S, Cappelen- Tinuvin 123 does not induce dopaminergic This work aims to examine some of the neural of basal ganglia surgery in Parkinsonian primate); Smith C, Burke D, Strength-duration properties neurotoxicity in C57B1/6 mice, Neuroscience mechanisms accompanying depression and to and Dr Peregrine Osborne of the Prince of Wales and their voltage dependence as measures of Letters, 278, 165-168, 2000 examine the ability of repetitive transcranial Medical Research Institute (a study is planned to stimulation to alter mood. examine serotoninergic drugs in Parkinsonism). • Associate Professor Glenda Halliday and • Dr Janet Keast is collaborating with Associate colleagues maintain a close collaboration with Professor Ida Llewellyn-Smith (Flinders University) Associate Professor John Morris at Westmead on a project investigating changes in pelvic Hospital in their research on the neuropathology autonomic circuitry after spinal cord injury, using of Parkinson’s disease. Associate Professor male rats as an experimental model. Dr Keast has Halliday has also formed a collaboration with also recently commenced some studies on Dr Andrew Hughes, Dr David Howells and expression of various guidance factors and their Professor Geoff Donnan at Austin Repatriation receptors in adult autonomic neurons with Dr Hospital, Heidelberg, Melbourne to unite clinical Helen Cooper (WEHI).

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• In 2000, Dr Stephen Lord, who heads the • Dr Peregrine Osborne is Conjoint Senior Lecturer human cutaneous afferents under threshold- 34. Hodges PW, Cresswell AG, Daggfeldt K, Institute’s Falls and Injury in the Elderly Program, with the School of Physiology and Pharmacology, clamp conditions, Journal of Physiology Thorstensson A, Three-dimensional was awarded a major research partnership by the UNSW. He has been collaborating for many years (London), 523, 807-815, 2000. preparatory trunk motion precedes Federal Government under their Health Research with Professor Mac Christie, Head of the 23. Growdon W, Ghika J, Henderson J, van Melle assymmetrical upper limb movement, Gait and Partnership Grants initiative (a total of Department of Pharmacology at the University G, Regli F, Bogousslavsky J, Growdon JH, Posture, 11, 92-101, 2000 $3.5million). This injection of funding from the of Sydney, in studying how opioid drugs, like Effects of proximal and distal muscle groups 35. Hodges PW, Gandevia SC, Activation of the Commonwealth Government precipitated a large heroin, morphine and codeine, affect neurons contraction and mental stress on the human diaphragm during a repetitive postural injection of funds from partner organisations in in the brain. He is also continuing an ongoing amplitude and frequency of physiological task, Journal of Physiology (London), the research program, including NRMA, MBF, project with Dr Kathryn Buller that was started finger tremor, Electromyography and Clinical 522, 165-175, 2000 University of Sydney, NSW Department of Health, in the Department of Physiology and Neurophysiology, 40, 295-303, 2000. 36. Hodges PW, Gandevia SC, Changes in University of Wollongong, Princess Alexandra Pharmacology at the University of Queensland 24. Halliday GM, Hardman CD, Cordato M, Hely M, intra-abdominal pressure during postural Hospital, Lidcombe Hospital, South West Area and is looking at the relationship between stress Morris JGL, A role for the substantia nigra pars and respiratory activation of the human Health Service, Vincent Fairfax Family Foundation, and drug addiction. reticulata in the gaze palsy of progressive diaphragm, Journal of Applied Physiology, Queensland University of Technology, Illawarra • Professor George Paxinos has close collaborative supranuclear palsy, Brain, 123, 724-732, 2000 89, 967-976, 2000 Insurance Trust, University of Western Sydney, The links with research scientists at many institutions. 25. Halliday GM, Robinson S, Shepherd C, Kril JJ, 37. Hodges PW, Gandevia SC, Pitfalls of Joanna Briggs Institute (Adelaide Hospital), These include University of New South Wales, Alzheimer’s disease and imflammation: a intramuscular electromyographic recordings University of Queensland, Centre for Research on University of Sydney, University of Wollongong, review of cellular and therapeutic mechanisms, from the human costal diaphragm, Clinical Ageing and North Sydney Area Health Service. Monash University, University of Tasmania, and Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Neurophysiology, 111, 1420-1424, 2000 The research on falls seeks to enhance the Howard Florey Institute. Physiology, 27, 1-8, 2000 38. Hu P, McLachlan EM, Distinct sprouting understanding of human balance, predicting at- 26. Halliday GM, Shepherd C, McCann H, Reid WG, responses of sympathetic and peptidergic • Drs John and Shirley Sarks continue a close risk people, interventions to prevent falls and Grayson DA, Broe GA, Krill JJ, Effect of sensory axons proximal to a sciatic nerve collaboration with Dr Jenny Arnold MBBS (Hons) developing falls screening tools. The transport anti-inflammatory medications on transection in guinea pigs and rats, FRACO in the research of age-related macular injury project aims to develop a screening tool to neuropathological findings in Alzheimer Neuroscience Letters, 295, 59-63, 2000 degeneration (ARMD). Dr Arnold has recently identify incapable older drivers. disease, Archives of Neurology, 57, 831-836, 39. Kiernan MC, Burke D, Common entrapment returned from five years studying macular 2000 neuropathies: presentation and management, degeneration overseas. They have been chosen as 27. Harasty JA, Language processing in both sexes: Modern Medicine of South Africa, Aug, 42-50, only one of five centres in Australia to participate evidence from brain studies, Brain, 123, 2000 in a world-wide clinical study with Eyetech 404-406, 2000 40. Kiernan MC, Burke D, Andersen KV, Bostock H, Pharmaceuticals, New York. The study will be 28. Harding AJ, Halliday GM, Cain D, Kril JJ, Multiple measures of axonal excitability: researching the safety and efficacy of intravitreal Degeneration of the anterior thalamic nuclei new approach in clinical testing, Muscle injections of Anti-VEGF pegylated aptamer in differentiates alcoholics with amnesia, Brain, Nerve, 23, 399-409, 2000 the treatment of the neovascular form of ARMD, 123, 141-154, 2000 41. Kuwabara S, Cappelen-Smith C, Lin CS-Y, the major form of loss of central vision in people 29. Harding AJ, Kril JJ, Halliday GM, Practical Mogyoros I, Bostock H, Burke D, Excitability over age 65. measures to simplify the Braak tangle staging properties of median and peroneal motor method for routine pathological screening, axons, Muscle Nerve, 23, 1365-1373, 2000 International links Acta Neuropathologica, 99, 199-208, 2000 42. Lin CS-Y, Mogyoros I, Burke, D, Recovery • A formal collaborative agreement has been 30. Hardy TA, Brock JA, Effects of agents that of excitability of cutaneous afferents in the established between the Prince of Wales Medical modulate intracellular cAMP levels on median and sural nerves following activity, Research Institute and the Institute of Clinical excitatory junction potentials recorded in the Muscle Nerve, 23, 763-770 Neuroscience, University of Göteborg, guinea-pig vas deferens in vitro, Naunyn 43. Lin CS-Y, Mogyoros I, Kuwabara S, Cappelen- Mr Hylton Menz and Dr Stephen Lord measuring gait Sahlgrenska University Hospital in Sweden, to Schmiedebergs Archives of Pharmacology, Smith C, Burke D, Accommodation to patterns to understand the mechanics of walking acknowledge the long-term concerted action 362, 559-567, 2000 depolarizing and hyperpolarizing currents • Dr Vaughan Macefield is a Conjoint Lecturer between them in the field of neuroscience, with 31. Hendersen JM, Carpenter K, Cartwright HR, in cutaneous afferents of the human median with the School of Physiology and Pharmacology, particular emphasis on autonomic dysfunction Halliday GM, Degeneration of the centre and sural nerves, Journal of Physiology UNSW, and his many collaborations include those after spinal cord injury. Under this agreement, median-parafasicular complex in Parkinson’s (London), 529, 483-492, 2000 with Dr Phillip Bolton, University of Newcastle, on one or other of Professor Gunnar Wallin and disease, Annals of Neurology, 47, 354-352, 44. Loo CK, Taylor JL, Gandevia SC, MacDarmont the interactions between the vestibular system Associate Professor Mikael Elam, by agreement, 2000 BM, Mitchell PB, Sachdev PS, Transcranial and the sympathetic nervous system. will spend three months of their working year at 32. Hendersen JM, Carpenter K, Cartwright HR, magnetic stimulation (TMS) in controlled our Institute in Sydney. Scientific reports resulting • Dr Peter Nickolls has a long-standing Halliday GM, Loss of thalamic intraminar nuclei treatment studies: are some ‘sham’ forms from the collaboration will be attributed to the collaboration with the Department of Electrical in progressive supranuclear palsy and active?, Biological Phychiatry, 47, 325-331, Australian and Swedish Institutes combined, and Engineering at the University of Sydney. As an Parkinson’s disease: clinical and therapeutic 2000 both Institutes will publicly acknowledge this Adjunct Associate Professor at the University of implications, Brain, 123, 1410-1421, 2000 45. Lord SR, Menz HB, Visual contributions collaboration. Sydney, Dr Nickolls lectures on Bioengineering to 33. Hodges PW, The role of the motor system to postural stability in older adults, students in Electrical Engineering and supervises • Dr James Brock collaborates with researchers in spinal pain: Implications for rehabilitation of Gerontology, 46, 306-310, 2000 their projects. at the University of Nottingham, UK, assisted the athlete following lower back pain, Journal 46. Luff SE, Young SB, McLachlan EM, by a Wellcome Trust Biomedical Research Trust of Science and Medicine in Sport, 3, 242-252, Ultrastructure of substance P-immunoreactive 2000 terminals and their relation to vascular smooth

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Publications 2000 11. Cappelen-Smith C, Kuwabara S, Lin CS-Y, Collaboration Grant. They are working on people deal with external perturbations that Mogyoros I, Burke D, Activity-dependent mechanisms by which chemicals released from could lead to trips and falls. hyperpolarization and conduction block in sympathetic nerve activate small blood vessels. Book Chapters • Dr Jenny Harasty is working with Professor John chronic inflammatory demyelinating This work is important in understanding Hodges, Chair of Behavioural Neurology, 1. Annet LE, Smyly RE, Henderson JM, Cummings polyneuropathy, Annals of Neurology, mechanisms that underlie blood vascular diseases Cambridge University, and Dr John Xuereb, AL, Kendall AL, Dunnett SB, Behavioural 48, 826-832, 2000. such as hypertension. Dr Brock also collaborates Neuropathologist and Senior Lecturer, Cambridge assessment in the unilateral dopamine- 12. Collins DF, Refshauge KM, Gandevia SC, with Professor Carlos Belmonte from the Instituto University, examining the neural substrates of depleted marmoset, Emerich DF, Dean RL, Sensory integration in the perception de Neurociencias at the Universidad Miguel- language and cognitive loss in dementia. Sanberg P (eds), Innovative animal models of of movements at the human Hernandez in Alicante, Spain on studies Professor Chris Code, Aphasiologist at Exeter central nervous system disease: from molecule metacarpophalangeal joint, Journal of investigating the electrophysiological properties University, UK, has also been working with Dr to therapy, Totowa, NJ, Humana Press, 171- Physiology (London), 529, 505-515, 2000. of the sensory nerve endings of nociceptors. Harasty examining brain function using PET (also 186, 2000. 13. Cordato N, Halliday GM, Harding AJ, Hely M, • Professor David Burke has continued his in collaboration with Professor John Watson, 2. Double KL, Gerlach M, Youdim MB, Riederer P, Morris JGL, Regional brain atrophy in collaborative research on spinal cord reflex University of Sydney and Dr Gary Egan, Howard Impaired iron homeostasis in Parkinson’s progressive supranuclear palsy and Lewy body function with Professor Emmanuel Pierrot- Florey Institute). disease, Riederer P, Caine D, Horowski R, disease, Annals of Neurology, 47, 718-728, Deseilligny of the Laboratoire de • Dr Jasmine Henderson has close collaborative Mizuno Y, Olanow C, Poewe W, Youdim M 2000. Neurophysiologie Clinique, Hôpital de la links with the following research scientists in (eds), Advances in Research on 14. Cowan SM, Bennell KL, Hodges PW, The test Salpêtrière, Paris, France. His studies on axonal hospitals and universities overseas: Professor Neurodegeneration, Vienna, Springer, retest reliability of the onset of concentric and excitability in health and disease have also Manfred Gerlach, University of Würzburg, 37-58, 2000. eccentric vastus medialis obliquus and vastus continued in collaboration with Professor Hugh Germany (studying behavioural and lateralis electromyographic activity in a stair Bostock FRS, Sobell Department of Journal Articles neurochemical correlates in Parkinsonian rats); stepping task, Physical Therapy in Sport, 1, Neurophysiology, Queen Square, London, UK. Professor Shaoshi Wang, Head of the Department 3. Anstey KJ, Kristensen H, Education, activity, 129-136, 2000. of Neurology and Deputy Head, and Associate health, blood pressure and apolipoprotein E as 15. Cowell SF, Egan GF, Code C, Harasty JA, Watson Professor Youyu Lu, 1st Teaching Hospital of the predictors of cognitive change in old age: A JD, The functional neuroanatomy of simple University of Shanghai, China (studies involving review, Gerontology, 46, 163-177, 2000. calculation and number repetition: a examination of the timing and nature 4. Anstey KJ, Matters B, Brown A, Lord S, parametric PET activation study, NeuroImage, of clinical symptoms in Parkinsonian disorders). Normative data on neuropsychological tests 12, 565-573, 2000. for very old adults living in retirement villages 16. Double KL, Zecca L, Costi P, Mauer M, • As part of a project funded by ARC, Dr Janet Keast and hostels, The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 14, Griesinger C, Ito S, Ben-Shachar D, Bringmann is collaborating with two internationally renowned 309-317, 2000. G, Fariello RG, Reiderer P, Gerlach M, Structural experts in neuronal development and trophic 5. Bramich N, Brock JA, Hirst DG, Potentiation by characteristics of human substantia nigra factors, Professor Jeff Milbrandt (Washington neostigmine of responses to vagal nerve neuromelanin and synthetic dopamine University) and Dr Matti Airaksinen (Helsinki stimulation in the sinus venosus of the toad, melanins, Journal of Neurochemistry, 75, University). This is a study of various molecules Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic & Clinical, 82, 2583-2589, 2000. that may be trophic factors for pelvic para- 109-114, 2000. 17. Eyles DW, Pond S, Van Der Schyf CJ, Halliday sympathetic ganglion cells. Dr Keast is now setting 6. Brock JA, Dunn WR, Boyd NS, Wong DK, GM, Mitochondrial ultrastructure and density Professor David Burke, Professor Simon Gandevia and up colonies of knockout mice, after importing Spontaneous release of large packets of in a primate model of persistent tardive Professor Emmanuel Pierrot-Deseilligny of the breeding pairs from each of these collaborators. noradrenaline from sympathetic nerve dyskinesia, Life Sciences, 66, 1345-1350, 2000. Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie Clinique, Hôpital de She is also collaborating with a world expert on terminals in rat mesenteric arteries in vitro, 18. Gandevia SC, Allen GM, Middleton J, la Salpêtrière, Paris, France steroid receptors, Professor Jan-Åke Gustafsson British Journal of Pharmacology, 131, Post-polio syndrome: assessments, • Dr Kay Double collaborates with international (Karolinska Institute), to investigate the role of 1507-1511, 2000. pathophysiology and progression, Disability colleagues in Germany, particularly at the estrogen receptor beta in autonomic neurons. 7. Broe GA, Grayson DA, Creasey H, Waite LM, and Rehabilitaition, 22, 38-42, 2000. University of Würzburg, as well as groups in • One of the Institute’s NHMRC CJ Martin Fellows, Casey B, Bennett HP, Brooks WS, Halliday GM, 19. Gandevia SC, Taylor JL, Butler JE, Stopping Israel, Italy, Japan and America. These Dr Matthew Kiernan, who is also a Menzies Anti-inflammatory drugs protect against exercise: role of pulmonary C fibers and collaborations have been fruitful to advance Fellow, has been conducting research on the Alzheimer’s disease at low doses, Archives of inhibition of motoneurons, News in her work studying the structure of human kinetics of sodium channels and their behaviour Neurology, 57, 1586-1591, 2000. Physiological Sciences, 15, 241-245, 2000. neuromelanin pigment and also in establishing in human axons at the Institute of Neurology, 8. Burke D, Economic rationalism in health and 20. Gerlach M, Double KL, Youdim MB, Riederer P, an international clinical study which aims to London, UK. Dr Kiernan expects to return to the education; impact on the academic physician, Strategies for the protection of dopaminergic develop diagnostic methods for preclinical Institute to continue his research in 2001. Australian and New Zealand Journal of neurons against neurotoxicity, Neurotoxicity Parkinson’s disease. • Professor Elspeth McLachlan has a longstanding Medicine, 30, 71-74, 2000. Research, 2, 99-114, 2000. • Dr Richard Fitzpatrick and Dr Stephen Lord have collaboration with Professor Wilfrid Jänig and Dr 9. Burke D, The academic physician, Australian 21. Gracies JM, Marosszeky JE, Renton R, continued their collaborative research with Dr Hans-Joachim Häbler from the Physiologisches and New Zealand Journal of Medicine, Sandanam J, Gandevia SC, Burke D, Short-term Mark Rogers, Associate Professor of Physical Institut at the Universität Kiel in Germany. She 30, 397-398, 2000. effects of dynamic lycra splints on upper limb Therapy at the Northwestern University Medical has also continued her research association with 10. Burke D, Bartley K, Woodforth IJ, Yakoubi A, in hemiplegic patients, Archives of Physical and School in Chicago, USA. Their research focuses Professor Hidcho Higashi and Dr Hiroe Inokuchi Stephen JP, The effects of a volatile anaesthetic Medical Rehabilitation, 81, 1547-1555, 2000. on mechanisms for standing, in particular how at Kurume University Medical School, Japan. on the excitability of human corticospinal 22. Grosskreutz J, Lin CS-Y, Mogyoros I, axons, Brain, 123, 992-1000, 2000. Burke D, Ischaemic changes in refractoriness of

26 PRINCE OF WALES MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT 2000-2001 OUR SCIENCE 19 Imposed 2 17/4/02 2:33 PM Page 9

Our Profile

• Professor George Paxinos has close collaborative Sweden, visited Dr Macefield’s laboratory in the Prizes and Awards Jenny Harasty links with research scientists at University of Spinal Injuries Research Centre of the Institute, Recognised by Cambridge Bibliographic Dusseldorf, University of Murcia, UCLA, University from October to November 2000. Dr Karlsson Kaarin Anstey Society, UK, as one of 2000 outstanding living of Boston and Montreal Neurological Institute. is involved in the bilateral agreement now scientists of the 20th Century. established with the University of Göteborg to Won the Organon Award from the Australian foster collaborative research into autonomic Society for Psychiatric Research. Antony Harding Visiting Scientists dysreflexia. Dr Karlsson delivered a lecture at • Dr Paul Bertrand, RD Wright Research Fellow the Institute in November 2000, titled Kay Double Received the Australian Sports Medal from the Governor General, Sir William Deane during from the Department of Physiology, University “Autonomic dysfunction in spinal cord injury”. The AW Campbell Award by Australian the opening ceremony of the 7th National of Melbourne, worked with Dr James Brock • Associate Professor Satoshi Kuwabara, Neuroscience Society, 2000. This award is Transplant Games in July 2000. in September 2000. Their research was on Department of Neurology, Chiba University to recognise the best contribution to Dr Harding was only the seventh Australian to electrochemical detection of chemicals released Medical School, Japan conducted research in the neurosciences by a member of the Society over receive this award which is given to those who from the mucosa of the small intestine. Burke/Gandevia laboratory for 12 months from their first five postdoctoral years. Dr Double have contributed significantly to their field of April 1999 to April 2000, and also presented an was also awarded an R. Douglas Wright • Dr David Collins, from the University of Alberta, sport, both on and off the field. Canada, conducted sensorimotor experiments Institute seminar on “Effects of activity on Research Fellowship from the National Health with the Burke/Gandevia laboratory from excitability of motor axons”. & Medical Research Council. February 1999 to July 2001. • Ms Ana Ruiz Nuño, Farmacologia, Universidad Glenda Halliday • Professor André De Troyer, Professor of Medicine Autonoma de Madrid, Spain, studied calcium (and Physiology), at the Erasme University channels in adrenal medullary cells in Professor Awarded a Principal Research Fellowship, Hospital, Belgium, is the world’s leading expert McLachlan’s laboratory from November 1999 to National Health and Medical Research on the way in which the breathing muscles work. January 2000. Council, 2000. He spent several weeks in November 2000 at the • Ms Liset Pengel, Research Assistant, Netherlands, Institute, collaborating with Professor Simon conducted research work in Dr Hodges’ Gandevia and Associate Professor David laboratory from November 1999 to June 2000. McKenzie. He will return in 2001 for a further She studied the effect of respiratory demands month to continue the project. on postural function of the diaphragm. • Dr Billy Dunn, School of Biomedical Sciences, • Dr Nicolas Petersen, University of Copenhagen, University of Nottingham Medical School, Denmark conducted sensorimotor experiments Nottingham, UK, spent several weeks in April with the Burke/Gandevia laboratory, from June 2000 working with Dr James Brock, conducting 1999 to the present. Dr Petersen delivered a experiments investigating the interactions lecture in the Institute’s seminar series in between sensory and sympathetic nerves September 2000 entitled “Cortical control supplying blood vessels. of human walking”. • Mr Martin Eriksson from Umeå University in • Professor Randall Powers, Department of Sweden conducted Honours research in intra Biophysics, University of Washington, USA abdominal pressure and spinal stiffness in visited Dr Vaughan Macefield’s laboratory Dr Paul Hodges’ laboratory from January to in April 2000. May 2000. • Associate Professor Lee Seldon, Otolaryngology, • Dr Anna Gabrielsson, University of Umeå, University of Melbourne visited Dr Jenny Harasty’s Sweden, worked in Dr Hodges’ laboratory, laboratory in March 2000. from September to December 2000. • Ms Debra Shirley, from the University of Sydney, • Ms Inger Heijnen, Research Assistant, worked in Dr Hodges’ laboratory from February Netherlands, worked in Dr Hodges’ laboratory to March 2000. from November 1999 to June 2000, using • Ms Meg Stuart, Cumberland College, ultrasound as a measure of muscle activity. University of Sydney conducted research in the • Dr Ann-Katrin Karlsson, Director at the Spinal Burke/Gandevia laboratory from February to Dr Jenny Harasty, “an outstanding living scientist of Injury Unit at Sahlgrenska Hospital, Göteborg, June 2000. the 20th Century”

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Research Funding

1997-2001 Guests • The Institute was very pleased to be invited to host the launch of the South Eastern Sydney $ Area’s Research Report on 2 August 2000. The report, which documents all research being 7,000,000 undertaken within the Area, including major contributions from this Institute, was officially 6,500,000 launched by The Honourable Craig Knowles, NSW Minister for Health. In his speech, the Minister highlighted that the SESAHS plays 6,000,000 a major role in developing and sustaining vital medical research in the State. This includes 5,500,000 programs at several major teaching hospitals and The Honourable Craig Knowles, NSW Minister for the two largest Research Institutes in NSW, being Health, and Mr Will Penfold AM at the opening of the 5,000,000 the Garvan and the Prince of Wales Medical new building Research Institute. At the launch, there were many representatives from the Area, business and December 2000 and delivered a lecture on 4,500,000 wider community, as well as the media. Ms “Mechanisms of dopaminergic regeneration: Deborah Green, Chief Executive Officer of SESAHS sprouting and neurogenesis?” 4,000,000 and Dr Don Grimes AO, Chairman of SESAHS • Professor Eugenie Lumbers of the School of (both Board Members of the Institute) expressed Physiology and Pharmacology, UNSW, delivered 3,500,000 their pleasure when they had an opportunity to a lecture at the Institute in October 2000 on tour the recently completed second stage of the “Development of the cardiac baroreflex and 3,000,000 Institute’s building. the role of the cardiac sympathetics in its • Dr Brenda Bigland-Ritchie and Dr Murdoch implementation”. Ritchie (Yale University, New Haven, USA) visited 2,500,000 • Dr Anna Reynolds of the John Curtin School the Institute in March 2000 to continue of Medical Research, ANU, visited the Institute discussions with scientists looking at mechanisms in September 2000 and delivered a lecture on 2,000,000 underlying muscle fatigue and mechanisms of “Molecular mechanisms regulating the retrograde axonal excitability. An afternoon symposium was axonal transport of neurotrophins”. 1,500,000 held in the Seminar Room attended by many of • Professor Cornelius Weiller (Professor of the Institute’s scientists including some who have Neurology, Hamburg) delivered a special lecture 500,000 worked with Dr Bigland-Ritchie, such as Vaughan at the Institute in November 2000. Professor Macefield and Simon Gandevia. Weiller is an expert in the neural mechanisms 0 • Dr RE (Bob) Burke, a leading neuroscientist from associated with damage following stroke. He the Laboratory of Neural Control at the National described a number of studies in stroke involving 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke in the non-invasive imaging modalities of magnetic Maryland, USA, visited the Institute in February resonance imaging and positron emission 2000 and delivered an interesting lecture on tomography. “How to walk and chew gum at the same time: Industry Grants • Senior executives of GlaxoSmithKline visited the spinal pattern generators and sensory control”. Institute in October 2000. These included Dr Tachi Other Research Grants • Several major benefactors of the Institute Yamada, worldwide Head of Research and also visited in 2000. These included Mr Philip Development, and Dr Peter Traber, worldwide Competitive Peer Reviewed Goymour (in March 2000), and Mr Rodney O’Neil head of Clinical Pharmacology of the company. and his sister, Ms Janette O’Neil (in May 2000). The visitors were accompanied by Dr Tony • Dr David Howells of the Department of Johnson, former Director of the James Lance Neurology, Austin and Repatriation Medical Medicines Research Unit of GlaxoSmithKline at Centre, Melbourne, visited the Institute in Prince of Wales Hospital.

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Research Funding 2001

Research Grants and diseased and injured neurons, NHMRC Equipment Australian Research Council • McLachlan EM, Halliday G, Keast J, Structural Grant, 2001 amount $45,000. plasticity of the damaged spinal cord, • Brock J, Characteristics of nerve impulses recorded Fellowships Australasian Spinal Research Trust, 2001 • Kiernan M, Kinetics of persistent sodium channels extracellularly from single nociceptor nerve amount $25,000. for January-December 2001 in rat nerve and their behaviour terminals in guinea-pig cornea. ARC Large Project in human axons, NHMRC The Menzies Grant, 2001 amount $59,901. • Paxinos G, Ashwell K, Universal microtome Summary information on competitive peer- Foundation, 2001 amount $5,000. cryostat for the human brain project, Ramaciotti reviewed research grants, fellowships and • Keast J, Trophic factors and plasticity of pelvic • Kiernan M, Kinetics of persistent sodium channels Foundations for Biomedical Research, 2001 scholarships, and other sources of external research ganglion neurons, ARC Large Project Grant, 2001 in rat nerve and their behaviour in human amount $12,000. grant income applicable to the calendar year 2001: amount $63,000. axons, NHMRC CJ Martin Fellowship, 2001 • Stoodley M, Endothelial adhesion molecule and amount $62,374. Commonwealth Department of Health cytokine expression in cerebral arteriovenous National Health and Medical Research Council • Kril JJ, Creasey H, Halliday GM, Non-Alzheimer and Aged Care malformations, Ramaciotti Foundations for • McCloskey DI, Burke D, Gandevia S, Potter E, Biomedical Research, 2001 amount $15,000. dementia: Pathogenesis and clinicopathological • McLachlan E, Cellular basis for abnormal sensory McKenzie D, Macefield V, Fitzpatrick R, Taylor J, correlations, 2001 amount $190,000. and sympathetic behaviour after damage to the • Stoodley M, Pathophysiology of syringomyelia, Experimental neurology, NHMRC Program Grant, • Lord S, NHMRC Research Fellowship, 2001 nervous system, Commonwealth Department of Sylvia & Charles Viertel Charitable Foundation, 2001 amount $1,011,730. amount $67,229. Health & Aged Care, 2001 amount $107,372 2001 amount $55,000. • Anstey K, NHMRC Australian Clinical Research • Lord S, The role of vestibular impairment in • Stoodley, M, Endothelial cell surface adhesion Fellowship Grant, 2001 amount $60,632. instability and falls in older people, NHMRC NSW Department of Health molecule and cytokine expression in • Brock J, NHMRC Senior Research Fellowship, 2001 arteriovenous malformations, National Stroke Project Grant, 2001 amount $110,788. • Prince of Wales Medical Research Institute, NSW amount $71,643. Foundation, 2001 amount $40,000. • Lord S, Falls in older people: tailored strategies Research & Development Infrastructure Grants • Brock J, Mechanisms controlling the excitability for intervention, NHMRC Project Grant, 2001 Program (Stream 1), NSW Health Department, of corneal nociceptor nerve terminals. NHMRC amount $105,643. 2001 amount $1,390,400. Scholarships Project Grant, 2001 amount $55,622. • Lord S, Kerr, G, Anstey K, Broe A, Cameron I, • Broe M, Australian Postgraduate Award Other funding bodies • Double K, NHMRC R Douglas Wright Award, 2001 Cumming R, Fitzpatrick R, Steele J, Wood J, for PhD studies, DETYA Commonwealth amount $75,000. Prevention of injuries in older people, NHMRC • Brock J, McLachlan E, Peripheral mechanisms Government of Australia, 2001 amount $16,630. Partnership in Injury Grant 2001-2006. NHMRC • Gandevia S, NHMRC Senior Principal Research involved in autonomic hyperreflexia, Christopher • Cheng G, PhD scholarship, UNSW Faculty funds $2.16 million, (averaged 2001 amount Fellowship, 2001 amount $123,893. Reeve Paralysis Foundation (USA), 2001 amount of Medicine, 2001 amount $10,000. $432,000). US$46,217 ($89,484 Australian dollars). • Halliday G, NHMRC Principal Research Fellowship, • Menz H, Australian Postgraduate Award • Lord S, Mitchell, P, Hennesey M, Age-related 2001 amount $85,835. • Brock J, McLachlan E, Halliday G, Confocal for PhD studies, DETYA Commonwealth changes in vision and cognitive performance. Are • Halliday G, What contributes to regional microscope facility for vital and post mortem Government of Australia, 2001 amount $16,630. vulnerability in neurodegenerative diseases? there cognitive benefits from cataract surgery? imaging of normal and diseased tissue. Wellcome A study of familial cases, NHMRC Project Grant, NHMRC Project Grant, 2001 amount $49,804. Trust (UK) Equipment Grant, 2001 amount 2001 amount $66,783. • Macefield V, NHMRC Senior Research Fellowship, $12,500. • Halliday G, Broe A, Harding A, Brooks W, Genetic 2001 amount $71,531. • Double K, Strategies to improve brain cell survival factors and regional brain atrophy • Osborne P, Forebrain neuroadaptations to chronic in Parkinson’s disease, Perpetual Trustees in the diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies, morphine treatment, NHMRC Project Grant, 2001 Charitable Planning Services, 2001 amount $5000. NHMRC Project Grant, 2001 amount $190,000. amount $153,660. • Double K, Halliday G (at POWMRI as part of the • Halliday G, Milward E, Morris J, To identify the • Paxinos G, NHMRC Principal Research Fellowship, DEDCeL group), A potential new test for cellular components and clinical significance of 2001 amount $91,110. diagnosing early dopamine cell loss: an initial screening analysis with risk factor hippocampal atrophy in Parkinson’s disease, • Paxinos G, Human hypothalamic homologues to assessment, Australian Brain Foundation, 2001 NHMRC Project Grant, 2001 amount $150,844. autonomic control centres identified in rat and amount $75,000. • Hodges P, Lord S, Physiology and pathophysiology monkey, NHMRC Project Grant, 2001 amount of trunk control mechanisms, NHMRC Project $70,000. • Harasty J, The neuroanatomy and neuropathology of language cortex, UNSW Grant, 2001 amount $45,000. • Potter E, NHMRC Senior Principal Research Faculty of Medicine, Foundation Fellowship • Keast J, Changes in pelvic autonomic neurons Fellowship, 2001 amount $102,844. Grant, 2001 amount $45,000. after spinal nerve injury, NHMRC Project Grant, • Stoodley M, Investigations of cerebrospinal fluid • Harding A, Halliday G, Identifying whether 2001 amount $56,651. flow in extracanalicular syringomyelia, NHMRC dementia with Lewy bodies occurs in families and • Keast J, NHMRC Principal Research Fellowship, Project Grant, 2001 amount $90,000. therefore has a genetic risk, The Phillip Bushell 2001 amount $79,953. • Taylor J, NHMRC Research Fellowship, 2001 Foundation, 2001 amount $71,652. • Keast J, Maintenance of neuron structure and amount $77,564. • Keast J, Plasticity and hormone-sensitivity of function by testosterone, NHMRC Project Grant, • Wakefield et al, including Halliday GM, pelvic autonomic nerve circuits, Clive & Vera 2001 amount $116,942. The UNSW laser capture microdissection Ramaciotti Foundations Equipment Grant, 2001 • Keast J, Halliday GM, Double K, Paxinos G, facility, NHMRC Equipment Grant, 2001 amount $25,000. Molecular and chemical analyses of developing, amount $155,000.

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