DOCSLIB.ORG

Assessing the Validity of Voice Stress Analysis Tools in a Jail Setting

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Assessing the Validity of Voice Stress Analysis Tools in a Jail Setting The author(s) shown below used Federal funds provided by the U.S. Department of Justice and prepared the following final report: Document Title: Assessing the Validity of Voice Stress Analysis Tools in a Jail Setting Author(s): Kelly R. Damphousse ; Laura Pointon ; Deidra Upchurch ; Rebecca K. Moore Document No.: 219031 Date Received: June 2007 Award Number: 2005-IJ-CX-0047 This report has not been published by the U.S. Department of Justice. To provide better customer service, NCJRS has made this Federally- funded grant final report available electronically in addition to traditional paper copies. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Assessing the Validity of Voice Stress Analysis Tools in a Jail Setting Kelly R. Damphousse University of Oklahoma Laura Pointon University of Oklahoma Deidra Upchurch KayTen Research and Development and Rebecca K. Moore Oklahoma Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services March 31, 2007 Acknowledgements: This research project was made possible through a grant from the National Institute of Justice (2005-IJ-CX-0047) to the Oklahoma Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services. The report reflects the views of the research team and do not necessarily represent the official positions or policies of the United States Department of Justice or the Oklahoma Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services. The research team gratefully acknowledges the assistance of John Whetsel, Oklahoma County Sheriff for allowing access to the Oklahoma County Jail. We also would like to thank Chief Bill Endler (CVSA) and Tom Winscher (V Worldwide) and the training staff at CVSA and LVA who were so helpful throughout the entire project. We also thank Christine Crossland and the external reviewers whose critical insights greatly improved this report. Finally, we acknowledge the participation of the research subjects, without whom the project would not have been possible. This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Table of Contents Page Number Abstract..................................................................................................................................i Executive Summary...............................................................................................................ii Narrative 1. Introduction and Project Background ....................................................................1 2. Review of relevant literature..................................................................................8 a. VSA Computer Programs ..........................................................................8 b. VSA Evaluations........................................................................................19 3. Research design and Analysis Strategy .................................................................25 a. Research Design.........................................................................................26 b. Analysis Strategy .......................................................................................35 4. Findings..................................................................................................................41 a. Evaluating Validity of VSA Software for Deception Detection................45 b. Evaluating the Reliability of the VSA Programs.......................................69 c. Bogus Pipeline Effect.................................................................................82 5. Conclusions and Implications for Policy and Practice ..........................................87 6. Bibliography/References........................................................................................101 7. Appendices a. Jail Officer/Research Associate Checklist for VSA...................................106 b. VSA Facesheet...........................................................................................108 c. CVSA Survey Form ...................................................................................109 d. LVA Survey Form .....................................................................................110 e. Verbal Consent Script ................................................................................111 f. Summary of Drug Testing ..........................................................................112 g. Tests Comparing Validity of VSA Programs for Deceptiveness Related to All Drugs Including Those Who Reported Marijuana Use but Tested Negative ....................................................................................114 h. Table Comparing CVSA and LVA data ....................................................116 This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Assessing the Validity of Voice Stress Analysis Tools in a Jail Setting Abstract Manufacturers of Voice Stress Analysis (VSA) devices have suggested that their devices are able to measure deception with great accuracy, low cost, and little training. As a result, police departments across the country have purchased costly VSA computer programs with the intention of supplementing (or supplanting) the use of the polygraph at an estimated cost of more than $16,000,000. Previous VSA studies have been conducted using simulated deception in laboratory conditions. These earlier research projects suggest that VSA programs have the capacity to detect changes in vocal patterns as a result of induced stress. To date, however, no published research studies have demonstrated that VSA programs can distinguish between “general” stress and the stress related to being deceptive. The goal of this study was to test the validity and reliability of two popular VSA programs (LVA and CVSA) in a “real world” setting. Questions about recent drug use were asked of a random sample of arrestees in a county jail. Their responses and the VSA output were compared to a subsequent urinalysis to determine if the VSA programs could detect deception. Both VSA programs show poor validity - neither program efficiently determined who was being deceptive about recent drug use. The programs were not able to detect deception at a rate any better than chance. The data also suggest poor reliability for both VSA products when we compared expert and novice interpretations of the output. Correlations between novices and experts ranged from 0.11 to 0.52 (depending on the drug in question). Finally, we found that arrestees in this VSA study were much less likely to be deceptive about recent drug use than arrestees in a non-VSA research project that used the same protocol (i.e., the ADAM project). This finding provides support for the “bogus pipeline” effect. i This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Voice Stress Analysis in a Jail Setting Assessing the Validity of Voice Stress Analysis Tools in a Jail Setting Executive Summary Purpose. • Manufacturers of Voice Stress Analysis (VSA) devices have suggested that their devices are able to measure deception with great accuracy, low cost, and little training. • The devices claim to measure the physiological effect experienced by subjects who try to deceive. • Developers suggest that the effect of this stress on the vocal cords is measurable and deception can be observed as output using their product. • There are no known tests of the ability of VSA to determine deception among arrestees. • This project assesses the validity of two of the more popular VSA tools currently on the market - Layered Voice Analysis (LVA) and Computer Voice Stress Analyzer (CVSA) among a group of arrestees. • Each of the VSA programs was tested to assess: (1) Validity – can the instruments correctly detect deception? (2) Reliability – How do novices and experts compare in interpretation of output? (3) The “bogus pipeline” effect – Do individuals deceive less likely when they think that the interviewer “knows” that they are being deceptive. Method. • We interviewed a random sample of arrestees in a county jail during the booking process to simulate the stress of a detention-related interview. • We used the VSA programs to ask about recent drug use. • Each survey was followed by a urinalysis to determine if the subject was being deceptive. • The resulting data allowed for a comparison between “actual deception” and the VSA output. ii This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Threnody Amy Fitzgerald Macalester College, [email protected]
    Macalester College DigitalCommons@Macalester College English Honors Projects English Department 2012 Threnody Amy Fitzgerald Macalester College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/english_honors Part of the English Language and Literature Commons Recommended Citation Fitzgerald, Amy, "Threnody" (2012). English Honors Projects. Paper 21. http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/english_honors/21 This Honors Project - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the English Department at DigitalCommons@Macalester College. It has been accepted for inclusion in English Honors Projects by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Macalester College. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Threnody By Amy Fitzgerald English Department Honors Project, May 2012 Advisor: Peter Bognanni 1 Glossary of Words, Terms, and Institutions Commissie voor Oorlogspleegkinderen : Commission for War Foster Children; formed after World War II to relocate war orphans in the Netherlands, most of whom were Jewish (Dutch) Crèche : nursery (French origin) Fraulein : Miss (German) Hervormde Kweekschool : Reformed (religion) teacher’s training college Hollandsche Shouwberg : Dutch Theater Huppah : Jewish wedding canopy Kaddish : multipurpose Jewish prayer with several versions, including the Mourners’ Kaddish KP (full name Knokploeg): Assault Group, a Dutch resistance organization LO (full name Landelijke Organasatie voor Hulp aan Onderduikers): National Organization
    [Show full text]
  • 'Duncanville' Is A
    Visit Our Showroom To Find The Perfect Lift Bed For You! February 14 - 20, 2020 2 x 2" ad 300 N Beaton St | Corsicana | 903-874-82852 x 2" ad M-F 9am-5:30pm | Sat 9am-4pm milesfurniturecompany.com FREE DELIVERY IN LOCAL AREA WA-00114341 The animated, Amy Poehler- T M O T H U Q Z A T T A C K P Your Key produced 2 x 3" ad P U B E N C Y V E L L V R N E comedy R S Q Y H A G S X F I V W K P To Buying Z T Y M R T D U I V B E C A N and Selling! “Duncanville” C A T H U N W R T T A U N O F premieres 2 x 3.5" ad S F Y E T S E V U M J R C S N Sunday on Fox. G A C L L H K I Y C L O F K U B W K E C D R V M V K P Y M Q S A E N B K U A E U R E U C V R A E L M V C L Z B S Q R G K W B R U L I T T L E I V A O T L E J A V S O P E A G L I V D K C L I H H D X K Y K E L E H B H M C A T H E R I N E M R I V A H K J X S C F V G R E N C “War of the Worlds” on Epix Bargain Box (Words in parentheses not in puzzle) Bill (Ward) (Gabriel) Byrne Aliens Place your classified Classified Merchandise Specials Solution on page 13 Helen (Brown) (Elizabeth) McGovern (Savage) Attack ad in the Waxahachie Daily Light, Merchandise High-End 2 x 3" ad Catherine (Durand) (Léa) Drucker Europe Midlothian Mirror and Ellis Mustafa (Mokrani) (Adel) Bencherif (Fight for) Survival County Trading1 Post! x 4" ad Deal Merchandise Word Search Sarah (Gresham) (Natasha) Little (H.G.) Wells Call (972) 937-3310 Run a single item Run a single item priced at $50-$300 priced at $301-$600 for only $7.50 per week for only $15 per week 6 lines runs in The Waxahachie Daily Light, ‘Duncanville’ is a new Midlothian Mirror and Ellis County Trading2 x 3.5" Post ad and online at waxahachietx.com All specials are pre-paid.
    [Show full text]
  • The Alt-Right on Campus: What Students Need to Know
    THE ALT-RIGHT ON CAMPUS: WHAT STUDENTS NEED TO KNOW About the Southern Poverty Law Center The Southern Poverty Law Center is dedicated to fighting hate and bigotry and to seeking justice for the most vulnerable members of our society. Using litigation, education, and other forms of advocacy, the SPLC works toward the day when the ideals of equal justice and equal oportunity will become a reality. • • • For more information about the southern poverty law center or to obtain additional copies of this guidebook, contact [email protected] or visit www.splconcampus.org @splcenter facebook/SPLCenter facebook/SPLConcampus © 2017 Southern Poverty Law Center THE ALT-RIGHT ON CAMPUS: WHAT STUDENTS NEED TO KNOW RICHARD SPENCER IS A LEADING ALT-RIGHT SPEAKER. The Alt-Right and Extremism on Campus ocratic ideals. They claim that “white identity” is under attack by multicultural forces using “politi- An old and familiar poison is being spread on col- cal correctness” and “social justice” to undermine lege campuses these days: the idea that America white people and “their” civilization. Character- should be a country for white people. ized by heavy use of social media and memes, they Under the banner of the Alternative Right – or eschew establishment conservatism and promote “alt-right” – extremist speakers are touring colleges the goal of a white ethnostate, or homeland. and universities across the country to recruit stu- As student activists, you can counter this movement. dents to their brand of bigotry, often igniting pro- In this brochure, the Southern Poverty Law Cen- tests and making national headlines. Their appear- ances have inspired a fierce debate over free speech ter examines the alt-right, profiles its key figures and the direction of the country.
    [Show full text]
  • Pdf (Accessed: 3 June, 2014) 17
    A University of Sussex DPhil thesis Available online via Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/ This thesis is protected by copyright which belongs to the author. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Please visit Sussex Research Online for more information and further details 1 The Production and Reception of gender- based content in Pakistani Television Culture Munira Cheema DPhil Thesis University of Sussex (June 2015) 2 Statement I hereby declare that this thesis has not been submitted, either in the same or in a different form, to this or any other university for a degree. Signature:………………….. 3 Acknowledgements Special thanks to: My supervisors, Dr Kate Lacey and Dr Kate O’Riordan, for their infinite patience as they answered my endless queries in the course of this thesis. Their open-door policy and expert guidance ensured that I always stayed on track. This PhD was funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC), to whom I owe a debt of gratitude. My mother, for providing me with profound counselling, perpetual support and for tirelessly watching over my daughter as I scrambled to meet deadlines. This thesis could not have been completed without her. My husband Nauman, and daughter Zara, who learnt to stay out of the way during my ‘study time’.
    [Show full text]
  • The Physical Significance of Acoustic Parameters and Its Clinical
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN The physical signifcance of acoustic parameters and its clinical signifcance of dysarthria in Parkinson’s disease Shu Yang1,2,6, Fengbo Wang3,6, Liqiong Yang4,6, Fan Xu2,6, Man Luo5, Xiaqing Chen5, Xixi Feng2* & Xianwei Zou5* Dysarthria is universal in Parkinson’s disease (PD) during disease progression; however, the quality of vocalization changes is often ignored. Furthermore, the role of changes in the acoustic parameters of phonation in PD patients remains unclear. We recruited 35 PD patients and 26 healthy controls to perform single, double, and multiple syllable tests. A logistic regression was performed to diferentiate between protective and risk factors among the acoustic parameters. The results indicated that the mean f0, max f0, min f0, jitter, duration of speech and median intensity of speaking for the PD patients were signifcantly diferent from those of the healthy controls. These results reveal some promising indicators of dysarthric symptoms consisting of acoustic parameters, and they strengthen our understanding about the signifcance of changes in phonation by PD patients, which may accelerate the discovery of novel PD biomarkers. Abbreviations PD Parkinson’s disease HKD Hypokinetic dysarthria VHI-30 Voice Handicap Index H&Y Hoehn–Yahr scale UPDRS III Unifed Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale Motor Score Parkinson’s disease (PD), a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder with an unknown etiology, is asso- ciated with a signifcant burden with regards to cost and use of societal resources 1,2. More than 90% of patients with PD sufer from hypokinetic dysarthria3. Early in 1969, Darley et al. defned dysarthria as a collective term for related speech disorders.
    [Show full text]
  • Separation of Vocal and Non-Vocal Components from Audio Clip Using Correlated Repeated Mask (CRM)
    University of New Orleans ScholarWorks@UNO University of New Orleans Theses and Dissertations Dissertations and Theses Summer 8-9-2017 Separation of Vocal and Non-Vocal Components from Audio Clip Using Correlated Repeated Mask (CRM) Mohan Kumar Kanuri [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td Part of the Signal Processing Commons Recommended Citation Kanuri, Mohan Kumar, "Separation of Vocal and Non-Vocal Components from Audio Clip Using Correlated Repeated Mask (CRM)" (2017). University of New Orleans Theses and Dissertations. 2381. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2381 This Thesis is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by ScholarWorks@UNO with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Thesis in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights- holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/or on the work itself. This Thesis has been accepted for inclusion in University of New Orleans Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UNO. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Separation of Vocal and Non-Vocal Components from Audio Clip Using Correlated Repeated Mask (CRM) A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the University of New Orleans in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Engineering – Electrical By Mohan Kumar Kanuri B.Tech., Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, 2014 August 2017 This thesis is dedicated to my parents, Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • OIG-13-24 January 2013
    Department of Homeland Security Adequacy of USSS’ Internal Investigation of Alleged Misconduct in Cartagena, Colombia OIG-13-24 January 2013 OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL Department of Homeland Security Washington, DC 20528 / www.oig.dhs.gov January 24, 2013 MEMORANDUM FOR: The Honorable Mark Sullivan Director United States Secret Service FROM: Charles K. Edwards Deputy Inspector General SUBJECT: Adequacy of USSS’ Internal Investigation of Alleged Misconduct in Cartagena, Colombia Attached for your action is our final report, Adequacy of USSS’ Internal Investigation of Alleged Misconduct in Cartagena, Colombia. We incorporated the formal comments from the United States Secret Service in the final report. The report contains no recommendations. Consistent with our responsibility under the Inspector General Act, we are providing copies of our report to appropriate congressional committees with oversight and appropriation responsibility over the Department of Homeland Security. We will post the report on our website for public dissemination. Please call me with any questions, or your staff may contact Carlton I. Mann, Assistant Inspector General for Inspections, at (202) 254-4100, or William J. McCarron, Chief Inspector, at (202) 254-4206. Attachment OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL Department of Homeland Security Table of Contents Executive Summary............................................................................................................. 1 Background ........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Indian Horse
    Contents 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 49 | 50 | 51 | 52 | 53 | 54 | 55 | 56 Acknowledgements | Copyright For my wife, Debra Powell, for allowing me to bask in her light and become more. I come into the peace of wild things who do not tax their lives with forethought of grief. I come into the presence of still water. And I feel above me the day-blind stars waiting with their light. For a time I rest in the grace of the world, and am free. WENDELL BERRY, “The Peace of Wild Things” 1 My name is Saul Indian Horse. I am the son of Mary Mandamin and John Indian Horse. My grandfather was called Solomon so my name is the diminutive of his. My people are from the Fish Clan of the northern Ojibway, the Anishinabeg, we call ourselves. We made our home in the territories along the Winnipeg River, where the river opens wide before crossing into Manitoba after it leaves Lake of the Woods and the rugged spine of northern Ontario. They say that our cheekbones are cut from those granite ridges that rise above our homeland. They say that the deep brown of our eyes seeped out of the fecund earth that surrounds the lakes and marshes. The Old Ones say that our long straight hair comes from the waving grasses that thatch the edges of bays.
    [Show full text]
  • CR Pilot Program Announcement
    U.S. Department of Homeland Security Washington, DC 20528 Department of Homeland Security Campus Resilience Pilot Program Opportunity Overview and Proposal Instructions OVERVIEW INFORMATION Issued By U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) in conjunction with the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) Student and Exchange Visitor Program (SEVP), and DHS Office of Academic Engagement (OAE). Opportunity Announcement Title Campus Resilience Pilot Program (CR Pilot) Key Dates and Time Application Start Date: 2/01/2013 Application Submission Deadline Date: 2/22/2013 at 5:00 p.m. EST Anticipated Selection Date: 3/08/2013 Anticipated Pilot Sites Announcement Date: 3/15/2013 DHS CAMPUS RESILIENCE PILOT PROGRAM PROPOSAL SUBMISSION PROCESS & ELIGIBILITY Opportunity Category Select the applicable opportunity category: Discretionary Mandatory Competitive Non-competitive Sole Source (Requires Awarding Office Pre-Approval and Explanation) CR Pilot sites will be selected based on evaluation criteria described in Section V. Proposal Submission Process Completed proposals should be emailed to [email protected] by 5:00 p.m. EST on Friday, February 22, 2013. Only electronic submissions will be accepted. Please reference “Campus Resilience Pilot Program” in the subject line. The file size limit is 5MB. Please submit in Adobe Acrobat or Microsoft Word formats. An email acknowledgement of received submission will be sent upon receipt. Eligible Applicants The following entities are eligible to apply for participation in the CR Pilot: • Not-for-profit accredited public and state controlled institutions of higher education • Not-for-profit accredited private institutions of higher education Additional information should be provided under Full Announcement, Section III, Eligibility Criteria.
    [Show full text]
  • Countering False Information on Social Media in Disasters and Emergencies, March 2018
    Countering False Information on Social Media in Disasters and Emergencies Social Media Working Group for Emergency Services and Disaster Management March 2018 Contents Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................... 2 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 2 Motivations .................................................................................................................................... 4 Problem ......................................................................................................................................... 5 Causes and Spread ................................................................................................................... 6 Incorrect Information .............................................................................................................. 6 Insufficient Information ........................................................................................................... 7 Opportunistic Disinformation .................................................................................................. 8 Outdated Information ............................................................................................................. 8 Case Studies ............................................................................................................................... 10
    [Show full text]
  • The Utility of Polygraph with Mentally Disordered Sex Offenders by Nikki
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Birmingham Research Archive, E-theses Repository The Utility of Polygraph With Mentally Disordered Sex Offenders by Nikki Collins Thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the degree of Doctorate in Forensic Psychology in Practice (ForenPsyD) The Centre for Forensic and Criminological Psychology University of Birmingham March 2019 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Abstract The use of post-conviction polygraph testing with sex offenders is used worldwide. However, to date there is no known study that has examined the utility of polygraph with mentally disordered sex offenders, which is the focus of this current thesis. An introduction to polygraph outlines how the tool works, the three test types and the suggested psychological theories, that attempt to explain the psychophysiological responses observed in polygraphy. Chapter 2 is a systematic literature review of the utility of polygraph post-conviction sex offender tests (PCSOT) with sex offenders in general, focussing on the areas of assessment, treatment and management.
    [Show full text]
  • Pledge Allegiance”: Gendered Surveillance, Crime Television, and Homeland
    This is a repository copy of “Pledge Allegiance”: Gendered Surveillance, Crime Television, and Homeland. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/150191/ Version: Published Version Article: Steenberg, L and Tasker, Y (2015) “Pledge Allegiance”: Gendered Surveillance, Crime Television, and Homeland. Cinema Journal, 54 (4). pp. 132-138. ISSN 0009-7101 https://doi.org/10.1353/cj.2015.0042 This article is protected by copyright. Reproduced in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. Reuse Items deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the White Rose Research Online record for the item. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Cinema Journal 54 i No. 4 I Summer 2015 "Pledge Allegiance": Gendered Surveillance, Crime Television, and H o m e la n d by Lindsay Steenber g and Yvonne Tasker lthough there are numerous intertexts for the series, here we situate Homeland (Showtime, 2011—) in the generic context of American crime television. Homeland draws on and develops two of this genre’s most highly visible tropes: constant vigilance regardingA national borders (for which the phrase “homeland security” comes to serve as cultural shorthand) and the vital yet precariously placed female investigator.
    [Show full text]