DOCSLIB.ORG

Revision of Palaearctic Species of the Genus Cionus Clairville (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Cionini)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Revision of Palaearctic Species of the Genus Cionus Clairville (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Cionini) Zootaxa 4631 (1): 001–144 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Monograph ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2019 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4631.1.1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:219F076A-98EE-4BDD-B337-67854FD71BFA ZOOTAXA 4631 Revision of Palaearctic species of the genus Cionus Clairville (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Cionini) MICHAEL KOŠŤÁL1,3 & ROBERTO CALDARA2 1Střelecká 459, CZ-500 02 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic. 2Via Lorenteggio 37, IT-20146 Milano, Italy. E-mail: [email protected] 3Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Magnolia Press Auckland, New Zealand Accepted by R. Anderson: 20 May 2019; published: 10 Jul. 2019 MICHAEL KOŠŤÁL & rOBErTO CALdArA Revision of Palaearctic species of the genus Cionus Clairville (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Cionini) (Zootaxa 4631) 144 pp.; 30 cm. 10 Jul. 2019 ISBN 978-1-77670-707-2 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-77670-708-9 (Online edition) FIRST PUBLISHED IN 2019 BY Magnolia Press P.O. Box 41-383 Auckland 1346 New Zealand e-mail: [email protected] https://www.mapress.com/j/zt © 2019 Magnolia Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, transmitted or disseminated, in any form, or by any means, without prior written permission from the publisher, to whom all requests to reproduce copyright material should be directed in writing. This authorization does not extend to any other kind of copying, by any means, in any form, and for any purpose other than private research use. ISSN 1175-5326 (Print edition) ISSN 1175-5334 (Online edition) 2 · Zootaxa 4631 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press KOŠŤÁL & CALdArA Table of Contents Abstract. 3 Introduction. 3 Material and methods. 4 Taxonomy. 7 List of species and their synonyms. 8 Treatment of species. 10 Key to the species. 103 Acknowledgements. 107 References. 108 Index . 113 Abstract Palaearctic species of the genus Cionus Clairville, 1798 are revised and 61 species are recognized as valid. Sixteen species are described as new to science: Cionus armeniacus sp. n., C. boroveci sp. n., C. colonnellii sp. n., C. dodeki sp. n., C. harani sp. n., C. himalayensis sp. n., C. khorasanicus sp. n., C. laibalei sp. n., C. maurus sp. n., C. negevicola sp. n., C. neglectus sp. n., C. osmanlis sp. n., C. rossicus sp. n., C. rufescens sp. n., C. winkelmanni sp. n. and C. yunnanensis sp. n. Cionus auriculus Reitter, 1904 stat. n. is resurrected from the synonymy of C. hortulanus (Geoffroy, 1785), C. atlanticus Peyerimhoff, 1926 stat. prom. is raised to specific rank from C. longicollis atlanticus, C. montanus Wingelmüller, 1914 stat. prom. is raised to specific rank from C. longicollis montanus, C. affinis Brahm, 1790 syn. n. is synonymized with C. scrophulariae (Linnaeus, 1758), C. franzi A. Hoffmann, 1960 syn. n. with C. hortulanus (Geoffroy, 1785), C. inexspectatus Tempère, 1961 syn. n. with C. leonhardi Wingelmüller, 1914, C. pulverosus densenotatus Reitter, 1914 syn. n. with C. pulverosus Guérin-Méneville, 1833, C. schoenherri laportei A. Hoffmann, 1953 syn. n. with C. schoenherri C. N. F. Brisout de Barneville, 1863, C. schultzei nuristanus Voss, 1937 syn. n. with C. dependens Faust, 1886, C. scrophulariae albosuturatus Roubal, 1936 syn. n. with C. scrophulariae (Linnaeus, 1758), C. subsquamosus Reitter, 1914 syn. n. with C. hortulanus (Geoffroy, 1785), C. thapsus semialbellus Reitter, 1904 syn. n. with C. gebleri Gyllenhal, 1838, C. thapsus tissoni Reitter, 1904 syn. n. with C. thapsus (Fabricius, 1792). Neotypes of Cionus griseopubens Wingelmüller, 1914, Cionus ungulatus Germar, 1821, Cionus villae Comolli, 1837, Curculio affinis Brahm, 1790, Curculio alauda Herbst, 1784, Curculio bipustulatus Marsham, 1802 and Curculio tuberculosus Scopoli, 1763 are designated. Curculio thapsus Fabricius, 1792 (currently Cionus) is formally proposed as nom. protectum and Curculio assimilis Harrer, 1784 as nom. oblitum. Redescriptions, comparative morphology, distributions, biological notes and key to all Palaearctic species are given. Key words: Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Curculioninae, Cionini, Cionus, Palaearctic region Introduction The genus Cionus was described in detail based on the type species Curculio blattariae Fabricius, 1792 (Clairville 1798). The trilingual (Latin, French, German) original description includes also a colored picture and drawings of the head, rostrum with antenna and leg. However, the author did not mention the two main generic characters, namely the emargination on the anterior margin of the prosternum in ventral view and the unequally long claws in males of some species allowing for the separation of Cionus from other genera of Cionini Schoenherr, 1825. An attempt to study French species of Cionus by Gozis (1884) reported one of the two important generic char- acters, the unequally long claws, but did not state that this is only the case in males for most species. Reitter (1904) conducted the first thorough study of species from this genus in Europe and neighboring regions, where he treated Cionus as a nominotypic subgenus together with Cleopus Dejean, 1821, Stereonychus Suffrian, 1854 and described the subgenus Cionellus. Reitter (1904) stated both the above mentioned generic characters, prosternal emargination and unequally long claws, but failed to mention the male specificity of the latter character. However, he did recog- nize the importance of sex differentiation while identifying species. The primary study of Palaearctic species in the tribe Cionini, including 30 species of the genus Cionus, was the work of A. Wingelmüller, supposedly existing as one single copy, officially published as a separate issue (Wingelmüller 1914). This is hitherto the most in-depth generally accepted publication treating the genus Cionus. Due to the wide scope of this publication and its existence as a separate issue, it was twice republished after the author´s death. First, in a short key-like abstract (Wingelmüller 1921), and second, in a graphically re-edited full version (Wingelmüller 1937). REVISION OF PALAEARCTIC SPECIES OF GENUS CIonuS Zootaxa 4631 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press · 3 Subsequently only sporadic descriptions by Voss (1956, 1960) and several other authors appeared. Therefore, until the present work, Wingelmüller´s monograph has been the only comprehensive publication on Palaearctic species of Cionus, with the exception of a few regional faunistic overviews with taxonomic notes, e. g. Hustache (1932), A. Hoffmann (1958) or Smreczyński (1976). A hypothesized phylogeny of the genera of the tribe based on morphological characters was published by Caldara & Korotyaev (2002). The aim of this revision is to present the most complete overview possible of all Palaearctic species of Cionus based on thorough study of type material, institutional and private collections, our own investigations in the field and data from many entomologists. Cionus is a very complex genus with some species showing remarkable vari- ability. Therefore, for reliable identification it is often necessary to have access to sufficiently preserved specimens, ideally of both sexes. Characters on the venter are a useful complementary identification tool in many species. For this reason, it is recommended to mount specimens such that the ventrites are visible. Material and methods Treatment of species. Since a phylogenetic study of the genus is still in progress, we assembled the species tenta- tively into informal groups, and ordered groups within the genus based on morphological affinities. A short charac- terization of groups is given in the Treatment of species. The limits of the Palaearctic Region are those established in the recent Catalogue of the Palaearctic Curculionoidea by Löbl & Smetana (2013), updated by Alonso-Zarazaga et al. (2017). With regard to the taxa reported in this catalogue, we have excluded from our revision only C. tonkin- ensis Wingelmüller, 1915, since it clearly belongs to the Oriental group of C. obesus Pascoe, 1883, which is char- acterized by the absence of both elytral sutural maculae, and by the presence of many small white scale patches on the elytra. A taxonomic revision of Oriental Cionini will be a subject of another study already in progress. It is clear that in the transitional areas between the Oriental and Palaearctic regions, such as south-eastern China (Guangxi, Yunnan), north-western India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand) and the western mountain regions of Nepal, an intensive intermixing of Palaearctic and Oriental fauna might take place. Neotype and lectotype designations were made as appropriate, according to Article 74 and 75 of the Interna- tional Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999). Descriptions and redescriptions. Altogether, we examined more than 7,400 specimens for this study. For newly described species, holotypes were generally used as the reference specimens. Well-preserved and typically shaped and colored specimens, not necessarily lectotypes or neotypes were used for redescriptions. Synonyms. Synonyms are quoted in chronological order, from the oldest to the newest. Original synonymizing taxonomic acts in this paper are noted in bold, previously proposed synonyms are noted in parenthesis. Unavailable names are reported in square brackets below the space under citations of the valid name and possible synonyms. Measurements. All measurements were made under a stereomicroscope (Intraco Micro NSZ-810) using an ocular micrometer. The body length is interpreted as a distance
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Working Today for Nature Tomorrow
    Report Number 693 Knepp Castle Estate baseline ecological survey English Nature Research Reports working today for nature tomorrow English Nature Research Reports Number 693 Knepp Castle Estate baseline ecological survey Theresa E. Greenaway Record Centre Survey Unit Sussex Biodiversity Record Centre Woods Mill, Henfield West Sussex RH14 0UE You may reproduce as many additional copies of this report as you like for non-commercial purposes, provided such copies stipulate that copyright remains with English Nature, Northminster House, Peterborough PE1 1UA. However, if you wish to use all or part of this report for commercial purposes, including publishing, you will need to apply for a licence by contacting the Enquiry Service at the above address. Please note this report may also contain third party copyright material. ISSN 0967-876X © Copyright English Nature 2006 Cover note Project officer Dr Keith Kirby, Terrestrial Wildlife Team e-mail [email protected] Contractor(s) Theresa E. Greenaway Record Centre Survey Unit Sussex Biodiversity Record Centre Woods Mill, Henfield West Sussex RH14 0UE The views in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of English Nature This report should be cited as: GREENAWAY, T.E. 2006. Knepp Castle Estate baseline ecological survey. English Nature Research Reports, No. 693. Preface Using grazing animals as a management tool is widespread across the UK. However allowing a mixture of large herbivores to roam freely with minimal intervention and outside the constraints of livestock production systems in order to replicate a more natural, pre- industrial, ecosystem is not as commonplace.
    [Show full text]
  • Local Nature Reserve Management Plan 2020 – 2024
    Bisley Road Cemetery, Stroud Local Nature Reserve Management Plan 2020 – 2024 Prepared for Stroud Town Council CONTENTS 1 VISION STATEMENT 2 POLICY STATEMENTS 3 GENERAL DESCRIPTION 3.1 General background information 3.1.1 Location and site boundaries Map 1 Site Location 3.1.2 Tenure Map 2 Schedule Plan 3.1.3 Management/organisational infrastructure 3.1.4 Site infrastructure 3.1.5 Map coverage 3.2 Environmental information 3.2.1 Physical 3.2.2 Biological 3.2.2.1 Habitats Map 3 Compartment Map – Old Cemetery Map 4 Compartment Map – New Cemetery 3.2.2.2 Flora 3.2.2.3 Fauna 3.3 Cultural 3.3.1 Past land use 3.3.2 Present land use 3.3.3 Past management for nature conservation 3.3.4 Present legal status 4 NATURE CONSERVATION FEATURES OF INTEREST 4.1 Identification and confirmation of conservation features 4.2 Objectives 4.2.1 Unimproved grassland 4.2.1.1 Summary description 4.2.1.2 Management objectives 4.2.1.3 Performance indicators 4.2.1.4 Conservation status 4.2.1.5 Rationale 4.2.1.6 Management projects 4.2.2 Trees and Woodland 4.2.2.1 Summary description 4.2.2.2 Management objectives 4.2.2.3 Performance indicators 4.2.2.4 Conservation status 4.2.2.5 Rationale 4.2.2.6 Management projects 4.2.3 Lichens 4.2.3.1 Summary description 4.2.3.2 Management objectives 4.2.3.3 Performance indicators 4.2.3.4 Conservation status 4.2.3.5 Rationale 4.2.3.6 Management projects 4.3 Rationale & Proposals per compartment Bisley Rd Cemetery Mgmt Plan 2020-2024 2 5 HISTORIC INTEREST 5.1 Confirmation of conservation features 5.2 Objectives 5.3 Rationale 6 STAKEHOLDERS 6.1 Evaluation 6.2 Management projects 7 ACCESS / TOURISM 7.1 Evaluation 7.2 Management objectives 8 INTERPRETATION 8.1 Evaluation 8.2 Management Projects 9 OPERATIONAL OBJECTIVES 9.1 Operational objectives 9.2 Management projects 10 WORK PLAN Appendix 1 Species List Bisley Rd Cemetery Mgmt Plan 2020-2024 3 1 VISION STATEMENT Stroud Town Council are committed to conserving Stroud Cemetery to: • Enable the people of Stroud to always have a place of peace and quiet reflection and recreation.
    [Show full text]
  • Bonner Zoologische Beiträge
    © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zoologicalbulletin.de; www.biologiezentrum.at Bonn. zool. Beitr. Bd. 40 H. 2 S. 109—121 Bonn, Juli 1989 Notes on four weevils in the tribe Cionini (Coleóptera: Curculionidae) associated with Scrophularia nodosa L. (Scrophulariaceae) Part I: Biology and ecology of the weevils Martin Räther Abstract. The biology of the curculionids Cionus hortulanus, C. scrophulariae, C. tuber- culosa, and Cleopus pulchellus, all associated with Scrophularia nodosa, is described. All developmental stages are registered. Figures demonstrate the life-cycle of the weevils; observations on the behaviour are mentioned. The chronological succession is demonstrated by curves of emergence. Parasitoid records are given. Key words. Cionus spp., Cleopus pulchellus, Coleóptera, Curculionidae, phytophagous insects, Scrophularia nodosa. Introduction In contrast to the internal larval feeding, usual for curculionids, the yellow, slug-like larvae of the tribe Cionini are oligophagous, external feeders of some Scrophularia- ceae. Around Kiel (northern Germany) Scrophularia nodosa and S. aquatica are the main host plants of both the adults and the larval stages of Cionus hortulanus (Geoff.), C scrophulariae (L.), C. tuberculosus (Scop.) and Cleopus pulchellus (Herbst). The anatomy and morphology of these figwort weevils and preliminary notes on their biology have been described at the end of the last century; the results were presented in a monograph by Wingelmiiller (1937). Scherf (1964) described the bionomy and morphology of the larval stages. Brief biological notes on some species were given by Cawthra (1957) for Scotland. More recently, Cunningham (1974, 1979) and Read (1976, 1977) studied the biology of some Cionini in England. This paper is based on a study of the field ecology of all phytophagous insect species feeding on S.
    [Show full text]
  • Description of Immature Stages of Phelypera Schuppeli (Boheman, 1834) with Comments on Natural History (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Hyperinae)
    Zootaxa 3423: 45–60 (2012) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2012 · Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Description of immature stages of Phelypera schuppeli (Boheman, 1834) with comments on natural history (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Hyperinae) SERGIO ANTONIO VANIN1, 4, DANIELA DE CASSIA BENÁ1,2 & FABIANO FABIAN ALBERTONI3 1Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Travessa 14, 101, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brasil. E-mail:[email protected] 2Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Cidade Universitária, Rodovia Doura- dos–Itahum, km 14, 79804–970, Dourados, MS, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 3Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Nazaré 481, 04263-000, São Paulo, SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 4Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Immatures of the Phelypera schuppeli (Boheman, 1834) (Curculionidae; Hyperinae; Cepurini) are described, illustrated and compared with available descriptions of larvae and pupae of Hyperini. Immatures and adults from midwest (Doura- dos, Mato Grosso do Sul; Pirenópolis, Goiás) and southeast Brazil (Bauru, São Paulo) were found on leaves of the host plant, Pachira aquatica Aubl. ( Malvaceae, formerly Bombacaceae), a tree used as an ornamental plant in many Brazilian frost-free cities. Larvae of P. schuppeli are exophytic, brightly colored, eruciform and possess abdominal ambulatory am- pullae,
    [Show full text]
  • 3.7.10 Curculioninae Latreille, 1802 Jetzt Beschriebenen Palaearctischen Ceuthor- Rhynchinen
    Curculioninae Latreille, 1802 305 Schultze, A. (1902): Kritisches Verzeichniss der bis 3.7.10 Curculioninae Latreille, 1802 jetzt beschriebenen palaearctischen Ceuthor- rhynchinen. – Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift Roberto Caldara , Nico M. Franz, and Rolf 1902: 193 – 226. G. Oberprieler Schwarz, E. A. (1894): A “ parasitic ” scolytid. – Pro- ceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 3: Distribution. The subfamily as here composed (see 15 – 17. Phylogeny and Taxonomy below) includes approx- Scudder, S. H. (1893): Tertiary Rhynchophorous Coleo- ptera of the United States. xii + 206 pp. US Geological imately 350 genera and 4500 species (O ’ Brien & Survey, Washington, DC. Wibmer 1978; Thompson 1992; Alonso-Zarazaga Stierlin, G. (1886): Fauna insectorum Helvetiae. Coleo- & Lyal 1999; Oberprieler et al. 2007), provisionally ptera helvetiae , Volume 2. 662 pp. Rothermel & Cie., divided into 34 tribes. These are geographically Schaffhausen. generally restricted to a lesser or larger degree, only Thompson, R. T. (1973): Preliminary studies on the two – Curculionini and Rhamphini – being virtually taxonomy and distribution of the melon weevil, cosmopolitan in distribution and Anthonomini , Acythopeus curvirostris (Boheman) (including Baris and Tychiini only absent from the Australo-Pacifi c granulipennis (Tournier)) (Coleoptera, Curculion- region. Acalyptini , Cionini , Ellescini , Mecinini , idae). – Bulletin of Entomological Research 63: 31 – 48. and Smicronychini occur mainly in the Old World, – (1992): Observations on the morphology and clas- from Africa to the Palaearctic and Oriental regions, sifi cation of weevils (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) with Ellescini, Acalyptini, and Smicronychini also with a key to major groups. – Journal of Natural His- extending into the Nearctic region and at least tory 26: 835 – 891. the latter two also into the Australian one.
    [Show full text]
  • Plants & Ecology
    Olfactory cues and insects – scaling relations and immigration rates Petter Andersson Licentiate thesis Plants & Ecology Plant Ecology 2010/1 Department of Botany Stockholm University Olfactory cues and insects – scaling relations and immigration rates Petter Andersson Licentiate thesis Supervisors: Peter Hambäck & Johan Ehrlén Plants & Ecology Plant Ecology 2010/1 Department of Botany Stockholm University Plants & Ecology Plant Ecology Department of Botany Stockholm University S-106 91 Stockholm Sweden © Plant Ecology ISSN 1651-9248 Printed by Solna Printcenter Cover: Left upper corner: Sawfly larva Tenthredo scrophulariae feeding on a figwort leaf. Right upper corner: EAG and IDAC-box; the equipment used in Paper I for recording antennal responses of moths. Left lower corner: Weevils Cionus scrophulariae mating. Right lower corner: Adult sawfly T. scrophulariae. Background picture: Color-marked weevil C. tuberculosus from the colonization experiment in Paper II, feeding on a figwort plant. Photo: Petter Andersson. 2 OLFACTORY CUES AND INSECTS – SCALING RELATIONS AND IMMIGRATION RATES PETTER ANDERSSON Summary For herbivorous insects, location of host plants and habitat patches strongly depend on the type of sensory cue that is used during the search process and the probability of detecting a patch depends on the relative attraction between patches of different size. The visual impression of a patch increases predictably with the patch diameter and consequently, immigration rates of visually searching insects are often predicted by the scaling to patch size of visual cues. However, for olfactory cues, the relative attraction between small and large patches is unknown, but has been suggested to increase faster with patch size than visual information. In this thesis, I explore the scaling relation between olfactory cues and patch size.
    [Show full text]
  • Curculionidae (Except Scolytinae and Platypodinae) in Latvian Fauna, Taxonomical Structure, Biogeography and Forecasted Species
    Acta Biol. Univ. Daugavp. 12 (4) 2012 ISSN 1407 - 8953 CURCULIONIDAE (EXCEPT SCOLYTINAE AND PLATYPODINAE) IN LATVIAN FAUNA, TAXONOMICAL STRUCTURE, BIOGEOGRAPHY AND FORECASTED SPECIES Maksims Balalaikins Balalaikins M. 2012. Curculionidae (except Scolytinae and Platypodinae) in Latvian fauna, taxonomical structure, biogeography and forecasted species. Acta Biol. Univ. Daugavp., 12 (4): 67 – 83. This paper presents analysis of taxonomical structure of Latvian Curculionidae (except Scolytinae and Platypodinae) and comparison with the neighboring countries (Lithuania and Estonia) weevil’s fauna. Range of chorotypes and biogeography analysis of Latvian Curculionidae (except Scolytinae and Platypodinae) is presented in current paper. List of forecasted weevils species of Latvian fauna is compilled. Key words: Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Latvia, fauna, taxonomical structure, chorotypes, forecasted species. Maksims Balalaikins Institute of Systematic Biology, Daugavpils University, Vienības 13, Daugavpils, LV-5401, Latvia; e-mail: [email protected] INTRODUCTION The current paper is a continuation of studies on the Latvian fauna of Curculionidae (Balalaikins Worldwide, the Curculionidae is one of the largest 2011a, 2011b, 2012a, 2012b, 2012c, 2012d, in families of the order Coleoptera, represented by press; Balalaikins & Bukejs 2009, 2010, 2011a, 4600 genera and 51000 species (Alonso-Zarazaga 2011b, 2012), Balalaikins & Telnov 2012. The and Lyal 1999, Oberprieler et al. 2007). This aim of this work is to summarize and analyse family
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution and Phylogeny of Beetles
    Darwin, Beetles and Phylogenetics Rolf G. Beutel1 . Frank Friedrich1, 2 . Richard A. B. Leschen3 1) Entomology group, Institut für Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie mit Phyletischem Museum, FSU Jena, 07743 Jena; e-mail: [email protected]; 2) Biozentrum Grindel und Zoologisches Museum, Universität Hamburg, 20144 Hamburg; 3) New Zealand Arthropod Collection, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, NZ Whenever I hear of the capture of rare beetles, I feel like an old warhorse at the sound of a trumpet. Charles R. Darwin Abstract Here we review Charles Darwin’s relation to beetles and developments in coleopteran systematics in the last two centuries. Darwin was an enthusiastic beetle collector. He used beetles to illustrate different evolutionary phenomena in his major works, and astonishingly, an entire sub-chapter is dedicated to beetles in “The Descent of Man”. During his voyage on the Beagle, Darwin was impressed by the high diversity of beetles in the tropics and expressed, to his surprise, that the majority of species were small and inconspicuous. Despite his obvious interest in the group he did not get involved in beetle taxonomy and his theoretical work had little immediate impact on beetle classification. The development of taxonomy and classification in the late 19th and earlier 20th centuries was mainly characterised by the exploration of new character systems (e.g., larval features, wing venation). In the mid 20th century Hennig’s new methodology to group lineages by derived characters revolutionised systematics of Coleoptera and other organisms. As envisioned by Darwin and Ernst Haeckel, the new Hennigian approach enabled systematists to establish classifications truly reflecting evolution.
    [Show full text]
  • Aculeate Bee and Wasp Survey Report 2015/16 for the Knepp Wildland Project
    Aculeate bee and wasp survey report 2015/16 for the Knepp Wildland Project Thomas Wood and Dave Goulson School of Life Sciences, The University of Sussex, Falmer, BN1 9QG Methodology Aculeate bees and wasps were surveyed on the Knepp Castle Estate as part of their biodiversity monitoring programme during the 2015/2016 seasons. The southern block, comprising 473 hectares, was selected for the survey as it is the most extensively rewilded section of the estate. Nine areas were identified in the southern block and each one was surveyed by free searching for 20 minutes on each visit. Surveys were conducted on April 13th, June 3rd and June 30th in 2015 and May 20th, June 24th, July 20th, August 7th and August 12th in 2016. Survey results and species of note A total of 62 species of bee and 30 species of wasp were recorded during the survey. This total includes seven bee and four wasp species of national conservation importance (Table 1, Table 2). Rarity classifications come from Falk (1991) but have been modified by TW to take account of the major shifts in abundance that have occurred since the publication of this review. The important bee species were Andrena labiata, Ceratina cyanea, Lasioglossum puncticolle, Macropis europaea, Melitta leporina, Melitta tricincta and Sphecodes scabricollis. Both A. labiata and C. cyanea show no particular affinity for clay. Both forage from a wide variety of plants and are considered scarce nationally for historical reasons and for their restricted southern distribution. M. leporina and M. tricincta are both oligolectic bees, collecting pollen from one botanical family only.
    [Show full text]
  • Further Insect and Other Invertebrate Records from Glasgow Botanic
    The Glasgow Naturalist (online 2021) Volume 27, Part 3 https://doi.org/10.37208/tgn27321 Ephemerellidae: *Serratella ignita (blue-winged olive), found occasionally. Further insect and other Heptageniidae: *Heptagenia sulphurea (yellow may dun), common (in moth trap). *Rhithrogena invertebrate records from Glasgow semicolorata was added in 2020. Botanic Gardens, Scotland Leptophlebiidae: *Habrophlebia fusca (ditch dun). *Serratella ignita (blue-winged olive), found R.B. Weddle occasionally in the moth trap. Ecdyonurus sp. 89 Novar Drive, Glasgow G12 9SS Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) Coenagrionidae: Coenagrion puella (azure damselfly), E-mail: [email protected] one record by the old pond outside the Kibble Palace in 2011. Pyrrhosoma nymphula (large red damselfly), found by the new pond outside the Kibble Palace by Glasgow Countryside Rangers in 2017 during a Royal ABSTRACT Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) Bioblitz. This paper is one of a series providing an account of the current status of the animals, plants and other organisms Dermaptera (earwigs) in Glasgow Botanic Gardens, Scotland. It lists mainly Anisolabididae: Euborellia annulipes (ring-legged invertebrates that have been found in the Gardens over earwig), a non-native recorded in the Euing Range the past 20 years in addition to those reported in other found by E.G. Hancock in 2009, the first record for articles in the series. The vast majority of these additions Glasgow. are insects, though some records of horsehair worms Forficulidae: *Forficula auricularia (common earwig), (Nematomorpha), earthworms (Annelida: first record 2011 at the disused Kirklee Station, also Lumbricidae), millipedes (Diplopoda) and centipedes found subsequently in the moth trap. (Chilopoda) are included.
    [Show full text]
  • Westenhanger Area and Kiln Wood)
    Folkestone and Hythe Birds Tetrad Guide: TR13 I (Westenhanger area and Kiln Wood) One of the more interesting habitats in TR13 I is the lake at Folkestone Racecourse, which holds breeding Tufted Duck, Little Grebe, Great Crested Grebe and Coot, with these being joined by Gadwall and Pochard in winter, whilst White-fronted Goose, Barnacle Goose, Wigeon, Pintail and Goldeneye have also occurred on occasion, generally during cold weather, though the lake is prone to freezing over during prolonged frosts. Snipe can sometimes be found in the ditches by the lake and Reed Buntings breed in the surrounding vegetation, whilst Marsh Harrier and Merlin have been noted overhead. The parkland area around Westenhanger Castle used to hold Spotted Flycatchers but this species has since declined considerably. Black Redstart has been recorded singing from the racecourse buildings and may occasionally breed here. The fields in the Hillhurst Farm area may attract Lapwings and occasionally Golden Plover, whilst when left as stubble in the winter of 2013/14 they held a flock of up to 50 Yellowhammers, together with single Jack Snipe and Corn Bunting, and small numbers of Stock Doves, Sky Larks, Meadow Pipits, Linnets and Reed Buntings. Large numbers of Mediterranean Gulls may be attracted, with a peak count of about 100 in November 2013. Kiln Wood has breeding Buzzard and typical woodland species, including Nuthatch, whilst Woodcock, Siskin and sometimes Lesser Redpoll may winter and the small pond in the wood can attract Mandarin. In May 2009 a singing Wood Warbler was present but was presumably just a migrant.
    [Show full text]
  • Plants & Ecology
    Quantitative aspects of plant-insect interactions in fragmented landscapes - the role of insect search behavior Petter Andersson Plants & Ecology Plant Ecology 2009/1 Department of Botany Stockholm University Quantitative aspects of plant-insect interactions in fragmented landscapes – the role of insect search behavior Petter Andersson Supervisors: Peter Hambäck & Johan Ehrlén Plants & Ecology Plant Ecology 2009/1 Department of Botany Stockholm University 1 Plants & Ecology Plant Ecology Department of Botany Stockholm University S-106 91 Stockholm Sweden © Plant Ecology ISSN 1651-9248 Printed by Solna Printcenter Cover: Weevils Cionus scrophulariae (left and middle) and C. tuberculosus (right), sitting on a leaf of figwort Scrophularia nodosa. Photo by Petter Andersson. 2 Quantitative aspects of plant-insect interactions in fragmented landscapes – the role of insect search behavior Petter Andersson, Department of Botany, Stockholm University Summary Insects searching for host plants in the landscape are challenged by habitat fragmentation and heterogeneity. Host plants or habitat are usually distributed in scattered patches that may differ in size, shape and isolation. The ability of finding these patches strongly depends on the insect´s search behavior and the sensory cues used for detecting and locating patches. Here, I describe sensory systems of insects, such as vision, olfaction and taste, in relation to host plant search. I discuss quantitative patterns of insect distributions and density-area relations arising from search behavior. Migration pattern may be strongly affected by the cue used by the insect in the patch detection process. The relation between visual cues and patch size is well known, but we lack knowledge about how olfactory cues are connected to patch size.
    [Show full text]