Zootaxa 4631 (1): 001–144 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Monograph ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2019 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4631.1.1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:219F076A-98EE-4BDD-B337-67854FD71BFA ZOOTAXA 4631 Revision of Palaearctic species of the genus Cionus Clairville (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Cionini) MICHAEL KOŠŤÁL1,3 & ROBERTO CALDARA2 1Střelecká 459, CZ-500 02 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic. 2Via Lorenteggio 37, IT-20146 Milano, Italy. E-mail: [email protected] 3Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Magnolia Press Auckland, New Zealand Accepted by R. Anderson: 20 May 2019; published: 10 Jul. 2019 MICHAEL KOŠŤÁL & rOBErTO CALdArA Revision of Palaearctic species of the genus Cionus Clairville (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Cionini) (Zootaxa 4631) 144 pp.; 30 cm. 10 Jul. 2019 ISBN 978-1-77670-707-2 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-77670-708-9 (Online edition) FIRST PUBLISHED IN 2019 BY Magnolia Press P.O. Box 41-383 Auckland 1346 New Zealand e-mail: [email protected] https://www.mapress.com/j/zt © 2019 Magnolia Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, transmitted or disseminated, in any form, or by any means, without prior written permission from the publisher, to whom all requests to reproduce copyright material should be directed in writing. This authorization does not extend to any other kind of copying, by any means, in any form, and for any purpose other than private research use. ISSN 1175-5326 (Print edition) ISSN 1175-5334 (Online edition) 2 · Zootaxa 4631 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press KOŠŤÁL & CALdArA Table of Contents Abstract. 3 Introduction. 3 Material and methods. 4 Taxonomy. 7 List of species and their synonyms. 8 Treatment of species. 10 Key to the species. 103 Acknowledgements. 107 References. 108 Index . 113 Abstract Palaearctic species of the genus Cionus Clairville, 1798 are revised and 61 species are recognized as valid. Sixteen species are described as new to science: Cionus armeniacus sp. n., C. boroveci sp. n., C. colonnellii sp. n., C. dodeki sp. n., C. harani sp. n., C. himalayensis sp. n., C. khorasanicus sp. n., C. laibalei sp. n., C. maurus sp. n., C. negevicola sp. n., C. neglectus sp. n., C. osmanlis sp. n., C. rossicus sp. n., C. rufescens sp. n., C. winkelmanni sp. n. and C. yunnanensis sp. n. Cionus auriculus Reitter, 1904 stat. n. is resurrected from the synonymy of C. hortulanus (Geoffroy, 1785), C. atlanticus Peyerimhoff, 1926 stat. prom. is raised to specific rank from C. longicollis atlanticus, C. montanus Wingelmüller, 1914 stat. prom. is raised to specific rank from C. longicollis montanus, C. affinis Brahm, 1790 syn. n. is synonymized with C. scrophulariae (Linnaeus, 1758), C. franzi A. Hoffmann, 1960 syn. n. with C. hortulanus (Geoffroy, 1785), C. inexspectatus Tempère, 1961 syn. n. with C. leonhardi Wingelmüller, 1914, C. pulverosus densenotatus Reitter, 1914 syn. n. with C. pulverosus Guérin-Méneville, 1833, C. schoenherri laportei A. Hoffmann, 1953 syn. n. with C. schoenherri C. N. F. Brisout de Barneville, 1863, C. schultzei nuristanus Voss, 1937 syn. n. with C. dependens Faust, 1886, C. scrophulariae albosuturatus Roubal, 1936 syn. n. with C. scrophulariae (Linnaeus, 1758), C. subsquamosus Reitter, 1914 syn. n. with C. hortulanus (Geoffroy, 1785), C. thapsus semialbellus Reitter, 1904 syn. n. with C. gebleri Gyllenhal, 1838, C. thapsus tissoni Reitter, 1904 syn. n. with C. thapsus (Fabricius, 1792). Neotypes of Cionus griseopubens Wingelmüller, 1914, Cionus ungulatus Germar, 1821, Cionus villae Comolli, 1837, Curculio affinis Brahm, 1790, Curculio alauda Herbst, 1784, Curculio bipustulatus Marsham, 1802 and Curculio tuberculosus Scopoli, 1763 are designated. Curculio thapsus Fabricius, 1792 (currently Cionus) is formally proposed as nom. protectum and Curculio assimilis Harrer, 1784 as nom. oblitum. Redescriptions, comparative morphology, distributions, biological notes and key to all Palaearctic species are given. Key words: Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Curculioninae, Cionini, Cionus, Palaearctic region Introduction The genus Cionus was described in detail based on the type species Curculio blattariae Fabricius, 1792 (Clairville 1798). The trilingual (Latin, French, German) original description includes also a colored picture and drawings of the head, rostrum with antenna and leg. However, the author did not mention the two main generic characters, namely the emargination on the anterior margin of the prosternum in ventral view and the unequally long claws in males of some species allowing for the separation of Cionus from other genera of Cionini Schoenherr, 1825. An attempt to study French species of Cionus by Gozis (1884) reported one of the two important generic char- acters, the unequally long claws, but did not state that this is only the case in males for most species. Reitter (1904) conducted the first thorough study of species from this genus in Europe and neighboring regions, where he treated Cionus as a nominotypic subgenus together with Cleopus Dejean, 1821, Stereonychus Suffrian, 1854 and described the subgenus Cionellus. Reitter (1904) stated both the above mentioned generic characters, prosternal emargination and unequally long claws, but failed to mention the male specificity of the latter character. However, he did recog- nize the importance of sex differentiation while identifying species. The primary study of Palaearctic species in the tribe Cionini, including 30 species of the genus Cionus, was the work of A. Wingelmüller, supposedly existing as one single copy, officially published as a separate issue (Wingelmüller 1914). This is hitherto the most in-depth generally accepted publication treating the genus Cionus. Due to the wide scope of this publication and its existence as a separate issue, it was twice republished after the author´s death. First, in a short key-like abstract (Wingelmüller 1921), and second, in a graphically re-edited full version (Wingelmüller 1937). REVISION OF PALAEARCTIC SPECIES OF GENUS CIonuS Zootaxa 4631 (1) © 2019 Magnolia Press · 3 Subsequently only sporadic descriptions by Voss (1956, 1960) and several other authors appeared. Therefore, until the present work, Wingelmüller´s monograph has been the only comprehensive publication on Palaearctic species of Cionus, with the exception of a few regional faunistic overviews with taxonomic notes, e. g. Hustache (1932), A. Hoffmann (1958) or Smreczyński (1976). A hypothesized phylogeny of the genera of the tribe based on morphological characters was published by Caldara & Korotyaev (2002). The aim of this revision is to present the most complete overview possible of all Palaearctic species of Cionus based on thorough study of type material, institutional and private collections, our own investigations in the field and data from many entomologists. Cionus is a very complex genus with some species showing remarkable vari- ability. Therefore, for reliable identification it is often necessary to have access to sufficiently preserved specimens, ideally of both sexes. Characters on the venter are a useful complementary identification tool in many species. For this reason, it is recommended to mount specimens such that the ventrites are visible. Material and methods Treatment of species. Since a phylogenetic study of the genus is still in progress, we assembled the species tenta- tively into informal groups, and ordered groups within the genus based on morphological affinities. A short charac- terization of groups is given in the Treatment of species. The limits of the Palaearctic Region are those established in the recent Catalogue of the Palaearctic Curculionoidea by Löbl & Smetana (2013), updated by Alonso-Zarazaga et al. (2017). With regard to the taxa reported in this catalogue, we have excluded from our revision only C. tonkin- ensis Wingelmüller, 1915, since it clearly belongs to the Oriental group of C. obesus Pascoe, 1883, which is char- acterized by the absence of both elytral sutural maculae, and by the presence of many small white scale patches on the elytra. A taxonomic revision of Oriental Cionini will be a subject of another study already in progress. It is clear that in the transitional areas between the Oriental and Palaearctic regions, such as south-eastern China (Guangxi, Yunnan), north-western India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand) and the western mountain regions of Nepal, an intensive intermixing of Palaearctic and Oriental fauna might take place. Neotype and lectotype designations were made as appropriate, according to Article 74 and 75 of the Interna- tional Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999). Descriptions and redescriptions. Altogether, we examined more than 7,400 specimens for this study. For newly described species, holotypes were generally used as the reference specimens. Well-preserved and typically shaped and colored specimens, not necessarily lectotypes or neotypes were used for redescriptions. Synonyms. Synonyms are quoted in chronological order, from the oldest to the newest. Original synonymizing taxonomic acts in this paper are noted in bold, previously proposed synonyms are noted in parenthesis. Unavailable names are reported in square brackets below the space under citations of the valid name and possible synonyms. Measurements. All measurements were made under a stereomicroscope (Intraco Micro NSZ-810) using an ocular micrometer. The body length is interpreted as a distance