THE AMERICAN THOROUGHBRED HORSE. by JOUETT SHODSE, Lexington, Ky
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»<& COMMITTEE ON DRAFT HORSES. The committee has not attempted to outline any plan to accom- plish results that we agree are needed, and can be accomplished if our breeders can be induced to practice intelligent and thoughtful methods. We hope that ways and means which are practicable can be devised and put into operation in this country, that will pro- duce the desired effect in the improvement of our draft horses along Downloaded from the lines laid down in this report. THE AMERICAN THOROUGHBRED HORSE. http://jhered.oxfordjournals.org/ By JOUETT SHODSE, Lexington, Ky. r - 4K3F at University of California, San Fransisco on April 15, 2015 , t SSI The Unbeaten Elsie Castleman. The thoroughbred horse in America, as in every other nation where the breed exists, owes his origin to the British Isles and to Saracenic blood. Through a careful following of the process of selection and rejection, England evolved the stock which had its foundation in three stallions known respectively as the Godolphin Arabian, the Darley Arabian and the Byerly Turk. From these three separate lines was produced a breed that has exerted more potent influence upon the horses of the world than all other compo- nent elements combined. It were needless to go into detail with AMERICAN BREEDERS' ASSOCIATION. 93 reference to the beginnings of the thoroughbred in England. Suf- fice it to say that at the time of his introduction to America he represented an evolved breed to which had been devoted years of careful work. With us the first record of the importation of a thoroughbred in which credence may be placed concerns a stallion called Bulle Rock. In the American Stud Book he is referred to as having been foaled in England in 1718 and brought to Virginia Downloaded from in 1730. Whether or not these dates are correct must be to some extent a matter of surmise. At-least, however, we know from old advertisements in the very early Virginia papers that there was the horse Bulle Rock, that he was said to have been sired by the Darley Arabian from a mare by the Byerly Turk and that he was owned by Samuel Patton and Samuel Gist, prominent citizens of http://jhered.oxfordjournals.org/ the Old Dominion. The horse was described as being of the best English and Arabian families, and the gentlemen of Virginia were urged to breed to him as a means by which their general stock might be improved. ORIGIN OF NATIVE HORSES. Whether or not before the importation of Bulle Rock any other of what we would call the recognized breed of thoroughbreds or any Arabian horse had been brought to this country is a matter of mere conjecture. We know that the Virginia Company imported at University of California, San Fransisco on April 15, 2015 various horses to Jamestown and among such shipments may have been race horses, or thoroughbreds, or Arabians. We know also that there is no evidence either historic or prehistoric that the horse had habitat on this continent at the time of the coming of the white man. It is recorded that Columbus in 1493 on the occasion of his second voyage brought horses to America which presumably were left somewhere in the Central American States. It is further recorded that the first horse landed upon what are now known as the shores of the United States was brought to the coast of Flori- da by Cabeza de Vaca. Landing at St. Augustine in 1527, this early explorer there turned loose a band of Spanish horses which probably formed the basis for what afterwards came to be known as the native horse in America. History says that by 1678 the plains of Louisiana, Texas, Missouri and Illinois were peopled with large bands of horses. These likely were descendants from those landed by De Vaca and wanderers of the Virginia stock. In his History of the United States Bancroft says that in 1656 "the horse was multiplied in Virginia, and to improve that .noble animal was an early object of pride favored by legislation. Speed was especially valued." There are records of importations of a stallion and six mares into Virginia in 1609, of a few horses from Holland to New Netherlands in 1625 and of an importation into New England at Boston in 1629. But, as already stated, so far as any evidence is offered, the stallion Bulle Rock, brought to Virginia about 1730, was the first race horse whose coming to this country can be authenticated. 94 AMERICAN THOROUGHBRED HORSE. THREE VALUABLE SIRES. It will be impossible within the space you have been good enough to accord me to attempt any detailed history of the development of the thoroughbred in America or to endeavor to show the specific families in which horses prominent to-day had their origin. Taking Downloaded from prominent part from the very start in the work of importation and of improvement, Virginia and the Carolinas naturally became the market for other States, and stock bought from their large breeding establishments, together with stock brought from England every few years, enabled other States soon to produce horses which were well able to compete with those of their neighbors. Without going http://jhered.oxfordjournals.org/ into detail.it may be claimed that there were three horses to which more than to any others the American thoroughbred of to-day is indebted for his excellence, three worthy of especial mention: imp. Diomed, imp. Trustee, and imp. Glencoe. Diomed was the winner of the first English Derby and was one of the great race horses of his time. By Florizel out of Sister to Juno by Spectator, he was bred by Hon. R. Vernon of Newmarket, was sold to Sir Thomas Charles Bunbury, in whose colors he raced, and in 1798, when twenty-one years of age, was imported into Virginia by Col. Hoomes. Up to that time thirty or more regularly recorded at University of California, San Fransisco on April 15, 2015 thoroughbred stallions had been bought in England and shipped to Virignia, but it may be with justice claimed that the coming of Diomed was the most important step that had then been taken in the development of the thoroughbred and more important than any that followed for years. Diomed had not been a great success as a sire in England and had gone out of fashion, but, despite his age at the time he was brought to this country, he founded a line which played a big part in the history of our turf for many genera- tions, and even to this day he figures in the pedigrees of a number of our best horses. Imp. Trustee was a son of Catton, out of Emma by Whisker, foaled in 1829 and imported to New Jersey by Captain Stockton of the United States Navy. And, perhaps greater than either, there was Glencoe, by Sultan out of Trampoline, by Tramp, bred by Lord Jersey, foaled in 1831, imported by James Jackson of Alabama in 1836. According to my friend Major Foxhall A. Daingerfield, the manager of the Castleton Stud of Mr. James R. Keene, the thoroughbred of America is more largely indebted to the descendants of these three horses than to the descendants of probably all other horses imported into this country up to the time of the Civil War. Particularly does Major Daingerfield believe in the wonderful benefit of the importation of Glencoe. He says of him: " Glencoe's pedigree was the most exquisite mosaic that I can imagine in all equine history. When I write his name my instruc- tion to the printer is that it must invariably be set in capital letters." AMERICAN BREEDERS' ASSOCIATION. 95 LOSSES 'OF CIVIL WAR. The Civil War marked an epoch in the history of every line of work in any part of the United States. It resulted in damage, in loss, in change from which this country never has and never will recover. It was responsible for the destruction of records of inestim- Downloaded from able value to many classes of business. It left behind it a pathway of blood and horror and destruction which has only of recent years begun to be bridged over or to have its bareness made less bleak. From the Civil War the thoroughbred breeding interests of the United States suffered vast loss. Unfortunately at the time the strife between the States began, no attempt had been made to com- http://jhered.oxfordjournals.org/ pile an American Stud Book. When at last that task was under- taken the loss of records during the war proved so great a handicap at University of California, San Fransisco on April 15, 2015 Star Ruby. that it was only through the most diligent research and by the most strenuous effort that the man to whom the whole thoroughbred world owes a tribute of thanks and of respect was able to produce the work which has since been perpetuated. Naturally and in- evitably that work contains errors. Many pedigrees cannot be fully authenticated, some were absolutely lost, and yet the work as a whole is a marvelous example of well directed effort, of patience and of splendid basic knowledge. AMERICAN THOROUGHBRED HORSE. THE SO-CALLED 'TAINT. In this day we hear quite a good deal concerning the "taint" in the pedigrees of many of the thoroughbred horses of the United States. The impression intended to be conveyed by that term is that those pedigrees cannot be positively proven beyond a limited number of Downloaded from removes and that, consequently, they cannot be considered as pure as the pedigrees of the English thoroughbred, which can be traced back for a hundred and fifty years or more.