7/12/2019
Pesticide Applicator Recertification Credit
The following states offer credit for this session: Welcome! Managing & Improving Plant Vigor with PGRs
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Managing and Improving Plant Vigor with PGRs
Joyce Latimer Brian Whipker Professor and Extension Specialist Floriculture Extension and Research
Today’s Presentation • 9:45 am – 9:50 am (5 minutes): – What Cultural and PGRs are available to Manage Vigor – Joyce Latimer
• 9:50 am – 10:05 am (15 minutes) – Configure on finished crops – Joyce Latimer
• 10:05 – 10:15 am (10 minutes): – Recognizing and diagnosing the causes of plant stunting – Brian Whipker
• 10:15 am – 10:20 am (5 minutes) – Florgib Use Tips – Brian Whipker 1 • 10:20 am – 10:35 am (15 minutes): – Fresco Enhancement Strategies – Brian Whipker CULTURAL AND PGR TOOLS • 10:35 am – 10:45 am Questions PGR Research JOYCE LATIMER Sponsor
1 7/12/2019
Cultural Practices
• Nutritional – Increase P rate
– Greater ratio of NH4‐N to NO3‐N
• Temperatures – +DIF 2.5 5 10 20
• Light Phosphorus Rate (ppm) – Increase light intensity and/or amount Distorted Growth – Herbicide Drift
PGR Guide: Fine/GrowerTalks PGR • 2019‐2020 Types – Greenhouse PGR Guide by Brian Whipker of NC State University
• 2018‐2019 – Perennial PGR Guide by Joyce Latimer of Virginia Tech
PGR Types PGR Toolbox
Growth Control Improved Branching Flower Enhancement Ancymidol BA (benzyladenine) Chlormequat BA + GA BA (benzyladenine) Chloride Dikegulac Sodium Ethephon Daminozide Ethephon Ethephon Flurprimidol Growth Enhancement Flower Control Paclobutrazol BA + GA Ethephon Uniconazole GA (gibberellin)
2 7/12/2019
PGR PGR Attributes Attributes
Chemical Approach to Branching – Redirecting Plant Vigor • Substitute for pinching – Pinching labor intensive – Pinching delays growth and bloom 2 • Release apical GROWTH ENHANCEMENT WITH dominance CONFIGURE • Increase branching and Ross Koning improve quality JOYCE LATIMER
Configure (Fine Americas, Inc.) Growth Enhancer: BA • Increases number of cells • 6‐BA (benzyladenine; promotes cell division) • Stimulates ‐ but does not cause – branching or flowering – Windows of opportunity Shoot Apex – Active growth • Short period of activity Normal – Multiple applications generally beneficial • Complete spray coverage required – Not actively transported throughout the plant New BA cell
BWhipker
3 7/12/2019
Christmas Cactus Christmas Cactus Increases flower buds
50 75 100 200 300 400 50 75 100 200 300 400
0 100 ppm Increases branching
Hosta Production ‘Iron Gate’ Hosta • BA at 3000 ppm, foliar spray • Increased lateral bud break on the rhizome • Increased divisions • Increased sales
Control 500 ppm x2 Photo: Paul Pilon
P. P i l o n
Configure: Key Points for Hosta Configure on Echinacea • Spring applications: Magnus Sombrero Hot Pink – Actively growing with good root growth – Multiple applications of 500 to 1000 ppm at 2‐week intervals • Summer/Fall applications: – June/July planted hostas – Treat when resume active growth – Roots to the edge of the pot – Multiple applications of 1000 to 1500 ppm at 2‐week intervals – Repeat Configure application(s) in Spring White Swan
4 7/12/2019
Configure on Echinacea Hybrids Configure: Key Points for Echinacea
Control • Spring applications: • In liner flat or within 3 weeks after planting liners • Plants actively growing with good root growth • Multiple applications of 300 to 600 ppm at 2‐week
600 ppm intervals • Summer/Fall applications: • As above with multiple applications of 300 to 600
Control 600 ppm ppm at 2‐ week intervals • ‘Merlot’ at 4 WAT had increased basal branching and • Repeat Configure application(s) in Spring some control of flower stalk elongation
Agastache ‘Purple Haze’ Configure on Lobelia cardinalis
• Singe application of 2 WAT 4 WAT 600 ppm Configure in liner stage • Increased number of branches on finished plants • Reduced elongation Control 600 ppm Control 600 ppm of new shoots • Number of basal branches increased at 2, 4 and 6 WAT • More compact plant • 2WAT Control 3.8 vs Configure 12.8 breaks • 4WAT Control 7.3 vs Configure 12.9 breaks • 6WAT Control 10.6 vs. Configure 16 breaks Untreated 600 ppm x1
Configure on Penstemon Configure on Gaura ‘Siskiyou Pink’
• ‘Husker Red’ at 7 WAT • Number of basal branches increased
Control 600 ppm • Increased number of shoots per pot at 4 WAT • Control 5 vs. Configure 7.3 shoots/plt • Increased lateral branching of shoots at 4 WAT Control 600 ppm • Control 29.8 vs. Configure 39.4 branches/pot
5 7/12/2019
Sedum ‘Autumn Joy’ Configure on Perennials (600 ppm; p≤0.05) Crop Untreated BA WAT Gaura ‘Siskiyou Pink’ 29.8 39.4 4 Euphorbia 'Chameleon' 13.5 20.0 6 Gaillardia 'Dazzler' 23 153 4 600 x1 Untreated ppm Heuchera x 'Raspberry Ice' 11.8 18.1 4
Untreated 600 ppm Lobelia cardinalis 7.3 12.9 4 . Configure increased Penstemon ‘Husker Red’ 6.2 7.7 4 branching of liners (6x) at Lychnis 'Vesuvius' 3.1 5.3 4 3 WAT . Finished plants at 6 WAT Veronica ‘Icicle’ 2.5 3.6 2 . 600 x1 ppm NS Coreopsis ‘Zagreb’ 43.2 98.8 2 Untreated 600 ppm600 x2 Untreated . 600 x2 ppm 2.5x branches ppm Leucanthemum x 'Alaska' 9.5 14.9 2
Side View Top View Sempervivum ‘Green Wheel’
NCSU
Carey, 50 75 100 200 300 400 Dennis
0 ppm 2x 160ppm 0 ppm 2x 160ppm
‘Red Fox Surprise Blue Vein Improved’ Photo: 0 400 ppm ‘Red Fox Surprise White’ ‘Red Fox Surprise Red’ Increased “Chicks”
Echeveria setosa Echeveria setosa BA Sprays Increase Flowering
NCSU
Carey,
Control 400 ppm Dennis 0 400 ppm Photo:
6 7/12/2019
Configure ‐ Keys to Use • Stimulates ‐ but does not cause – branching or flowering • Windows of opportunity • Active growth • Short period of activity (~1 week) • Multiple applications generally beneficial 3 • Minimum 2‐week intervals PLANT STUNTING: • Complete spray coverage required DIAGNOSTICS • Not actively transported throughout the plant BRIAN WHIPKER
Overdoses Getting the Rate Right • PGRs are excellent tools for managing plant growth. • Rate recommendations are available for • Sometimes the rate of PGR applied exceeds the most crops. optimum and growth is excessively stunted. • It is important to be able to recognize overdose • An online tool for calculating mixing rates symptoms and distinguish them from other is also available to avoid errors. problems. PGRCALC • If an overdose occurs, what can be done to correct http://extension.unh.edu/Agric/AGGHFL/AGGHFL.htm it?
Untreated Optimal Rates Excessive Rates • Control plant stretch • Plants proportional to pot size • If the rate is too high, growth control can be • Allow for tighter plant spacing excessive. • Plants darker green and use less water • Problems include: PGR Applied – Stunted plants – Lack of leaf expansion – Flower delay and/or smaller size? – Poor establishment in the landscape PGR Applied
7 7/12/2019
Plant Stunting Stunted Growth
PGR Overdose Plants at Retail – Stunted plants – Lack of leaf expansion – Flower delay and/or smaller size? – Poor establishment in the landscape
Stunted Growth – Paclo 2 ppm Drench Stunted Growth – Paclo 2 ppm Drench
Flower size not always affected
Stunted Growth – Paclo 2 ppm Drench
8 7/12/2019
Consistent Effect
Uneven PGR Drench Application
Options
• Increase the fertilization rate – Especially ammoniacal‐nitrogen and phosphorus • Increase the growing temperatures PGR Overdose – • Apply a growth stimulating PGR Counteraction Steps
BA + GA Plant Growth Promotion • BA (6‐Benzyladenine) – Configure (Fine) • Consider using a combination GA and BA product such as Fresco or
• GA [Gibberellic acid (GA3)] Fascination. – Florgib 4L (Fine) – ProGibb T&O (Valent) – Conduct trials on a small number of plants initially using 1 ppm unless previous experience warrants • BA + GA combination higher use rates. Following assessment of plant 4+7 response, and if desired results are not evident, – Fascination (Valent) reapplication or an increase in rate may be – Fresco (Fine) warranted. • Supplemental label for promoting bract expansion in poinsettias.
9 7/12/2019
Plant Stunting
Virus Infection TSWV on Kalanchoe – Stunted plants – Leaf mottling Other Mimics of Distorted – Leaf distortion (especially if thrips Growth present) – Lack of flowering – Biotic problem: so pattern should be random
Plant Stunting
Herbicide Drift 2,4‐D‐like herbicide on Vinca – Stunted plants – Leaf distortion – Lack of flowering – Abiotic problem: so a pattern should be noticeable
Distorted Growth – Virus
Sonora Red Plant Stunting
Nutrient Deficiency Boron deficiency on impatiens – Stunted plants – Leaf distortion – Lack of flowering – Abiotic problem: so a pattern should be noticeable
Distorted Growth – Herbicide Drift
10 7/12/2019
Plant Stunting
Excessive fertility Excessive EC on impatiens – Stunted plants – Leaf distortion – Lack of flowering – Abiotic problem: so a pattern should be noticeable
Distorted Growth – Boron Deficiency
Plant Stunting Plant Stunting
Thrips feeding Thrips on ipomoea Broad Mites Broad mites on gerbera – Stunted plants – Stunted plants – Leaf distortion – Leaf distortion – Lack of flowering – Lack of flowering – Thrips visible – Mites only visible – Biotic problem: so a under 100X random pattern may be magnification seen – Biotic problem: so a random pattern may be seen
Distorted Growth – Herbicide Drift Distorted Growth – Broad Mites Distorted Growth – Broad Mites
11 7/12/2019
Plant Stunting
Agrobacterium Agrobacteria on geranium – Stunted plants – Many small leaves in a mass – Lack of flowering – Biotic problem: but because it is often mechanically spread, a problem may involve all plants of a group. Distorted Growth – Herbicide Drift Distorted Growth – Broad Mites
Overcoming PGR Overdoses Plant Stunting • Double check your math and Unknown Cause Heuchera application volume to help get the – Stunted plants – Many small leaves in a correct dose. mass • Be able to recognize and differentiate – Lack of flowering distorted plant growth symptoms – Unconfirmed diagnosis among the possible causes. at PDIC • If a corrective action is required, use the tools of fertilization, temperature and growth promoting PGRs to help overcome stalled growth. NC STATE UNIVERSITY PGR Research
Stem Elongation
Chemical Products
Gibberellin (GA3) Florgib, ProGibb T&O
Benzyladine (BA) + Gibberellin (GA4+7)Fascination, Fresco
• Goal: 4 – Create tree form plants FLORGIB USE STRATEGIES • Use: – Geraniums, Poinsettias BRIAN WHIPKER
12 7/12/2019
Cell Elongation Cellular Effect
• GA influences cell expansion • Expansion (size) varies • Not cell number! Shoot Apex Normal
Cell Expansion
New GA GA Results: cell Larger Plants Normal GA
Florgib 4L Florgib 4L Article
Stem Elongation Applying GA • GA Tips: increases – Geraniums: cell • Establish plant, then apply 250 ppm weekly for 4 to 5 weeks1. elongation. – Poinsettias: • Establish plant, then apply 50 to 100 ppm for 4 to 5 weeks2.
– High rates result in excessive Balloon stretch Flower with – Once desired stem length is stalled growth achieved, paclo drench at 0.5 at right. ppm will slow top growth GA No GA 1 Tips on Regulating Growth of Floriculture Crops 2 Ecke Poinsettia Manual
13 7/12/2019
Florgib Applications
• Reported to improve flowering under insufficient chilling and increase number of flowers
• GA3 (Florgib) applied at beginning of forcing or Enhancing Peony Growth early in Spring outdoors – 0 or 100 ppm at 8.5 fl. oz. per gallon pot Joyce Latimer Professor and Extension Specialist
GA3 on ‘Sarah Bernhardt’ Peony GA3 on ‘Inspecteur Lavergne’ Peony
GA – 0 ppm GA – 100 ppm GA3 – 0 ppm GA3 – 100 ppm 3 3 Tech Virginia Latimer, Joyce Tech Virginia Latimer, Joyce
• 100 ppm GA3 (Florgib) drench at 8.5 fl.oz./pot prior to • 100 ppm GA3 (Florgib) drench at 8.5 fl.oz./pot prior to emergence emergence • GA3 reduced time to emergence and time to flower while • GA3 reduced time to emergence and time to flower while increasing the average number of shoots/pot increasing the average number of shoots/pot
Growth Stimulation
Chemical Products
Gibberellin (GA3) Florgib, ProGibb T&O
Benzyladine (BA) + Gibberellin (GA4+7)Fascination, Fresco
• Goal: 5 – Promote plant growth FRESCO USE STRATEGIES – Overcome PGR overdoses • Use: BRIAN WHIPKER – Annuals, Perennials
14 7/12/2019
Stunted Growth Slow Growth • How do you overcome stalled growth?
Stalled Growth Stalled Growth
• Many factors can result in plant stall: • The use of a growth promoter PGR can help. – Insufficient fertilization rates, – Fresco and Fascination are a combination of 6‐BA – Sub‐optimal temperatures, and GA4+7 – Cloudy weather, and – Application Methods: – Plant growth regulator overdoses (anti‐gibberellin • Foliar spray (Fresco / Fascination) PGRs). • Substrate Drench (Fresco only) • Chemigation (Fresco only) • How to stimulate a little additional growth?
Enhancing Growth Enhancing Growth
• Fresco / Fascination applications: • Goal: to apply only enough BA+GA to promote – Recommended spray rates: 1 to 5 ppm. sufficient growth or overcome the PGR effect. – Begin with lowest rate – 1 to 5 ppm range works in most cases • Make an application • Response rate can vary significantly by cultivar. • Then wait 7 days to determine if the desired level of growth is achieved. – Start with a small trial to determine optimal rates. – Reapplication can be made if additional growth enhancement is desired. • Use half of the initial rate applied
15 7/12/2019
Begonia ‘Super Olympia Rose’ Fresco for Overcoming PGR Overdose
Plants initially treated with a Paclo drench of 8 ppm which stopped growth.
SunStanding Rose Aurora
0 2.5 5 10
Tamarinda Red 0 1 3 6
Fresco (ppm) 0 2.5 5 10 Fresco foliar sprays increased plant growth Growth enhanced with a Fresco foliar spray from 2.5 to 10 ppm.
Enhancing Growth Enhancing Growth
• Too high of a rate will result in excessive stem • And peduncle stretch. stretch.
Excessive Rates Excessive Rates
Excessive stretch and upper leaf Spill of yellowing from chemical too high of a concentrate rate of Fresco / (100X rate at Fascination 300 ppm) foliar sprays.
16 7/12/2019
Additional Use Tips Additional Use Tips: Poinsettias • Excessive rates will result in undesirable • Drench applications maybe more effective stretch, and often requiring an application of than spray applications on poinsettias. an anti‐gibberellin plant growth regulator such • Spray applications may cause bleaching of red as Piccolo 10XC to check the elongation. bracts to a dusty pink coloration (greening). – Test sprays on a few plants to determine the results before applying it to your entire crop.
Greening of Bracts Take Home
• Excessive foliar sprays of BA+BA • Growth stimulation is possible with Fresco / Fascination foliar sprays. • Must have enough time for new growth to appear. – Or have the the possibility that sufficient stem elongation can occur with plants with terminal flowers.
Gaura ‘Whirling Butterflies’ Veronica ‘First Love’
Untreated Stunted Stunted Stunted Stunted Stunted control No 2.5 ppm 5 ppm Fresco 10 ppm Fresco 15 ppm Fresco Fresco Fresco Untreated Stunted Stunted Stunted Stunted Stunted control No 2.5 ppm 5 ppm Fresco 10 ppm Fresco 15 ppm Fresco Fresco Fresco
Joyce Latimer, Virginia Tech Joyce Latimer, Virginia Tech
17 7/12/2019
Enhancing Growth • Rooted cuttings potted: 11 Jan. • Peat‐based substrate • Fresco applications: – Drench rates: 2.5, 5, 10 or 20 ppm. Enhancing Succulent Growth – 2 ounces per 4.5‐inch pot
Gabby Barajas, Paul Cockson, and Brian Whipker – Applied: 22 Feb Floriculture Extension and Research – Data: ~3 months later
Enhancing Growth Enhancing Growth
Senecio crassissimus Pachyphytum bracteosum
0 2.5 5 10 20
0 2.5 5 10 20
Fresco Drenches (ppm) Fresco Drenches (ppm)
Enhancing Growth Enhancing Growth
Echeveria ‘Blue Bird’ Pachyveria corvus
0 2.5 5 10 20 0 2.5 5 10 20
Fresco Drenches (ppm) Fresco Drenches (ppm)
18 7/12/2019
Enhancing Growth Enhancing Growth
Echeveria rosea Crassula ovata
0 2.5 5 10 20 0 2.5 5 10 20
No Effect at Concentrations Used
Fresco Drenches (ppm) Fresco Drenches (ppm)
Enhancing Growth • Fresco drench applications of 10 to 20 ppm stimulated growth of most, but not all, species • May be an option for filling out pots of slower Questions growing succulents. Thanks for Attending!
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