38349-031: South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation Airport

Due Diligence Report

August 2020

Nepal: South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation Airport Capacity Enhancement Project

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 15 July 2020)

Currency unit – Nepalese rupee/s (NRe/NRs) NRe1.00 = $0.008311 $1.00 = NRs120.31

ABBREVIATIONS ADB - Asian Development Bank ATCEP - Air Transport Capacity Enhancement Project ATPPC - Air Transport Project Preparatory Consultant BOQ - Bills of Quantity CAAN - Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal DDR - Due Diligence Report GAUC - Gautam Buddha Airport Upgrading Component GBA - Gautam Buddha Airport IC - Investment Component IEE - Initial Environmental Examination ITB - International Terminal Building KMUM - Kageshwori Manahara Urban Municipality REA - Rapid Environmental Assessment SDP - Sector Development Program SPS - Safeguard Policy Statement TIA - Tribhuvan International Airport TOR - Terms of References

NOTE

(i) The fiscal year (FY) of the Government of Nepal and its agencies ends on 15 July. “FY” before a calendar year denotes the year in which the fiscal year ends, e.g., FY2020 ends on 15 July 2020.

(ii) In this report, "$" refers to United States dollars.

This due diligence report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

TABLE OF CONTENTS PURPOSE AND STRUCTURE OF THIS REPORT PART I I. INTRODUCTION 1 A. Overview of the Sector Development Program 1 B. SDP Investment components 1 C. TIA investment components overview 1 D. Project Description (TIA) 2 E. Scope of Study 4 F. Objectives of Study 4 II. SCOPE OF LIKELY IMPACTS OF THE TIA INVESTMENT COMPONENT 5 A. Involuntary Resettlement and Indigenous People 5 B. Scale of Construction of TIA Investment Component 6 C. Anticipated Social Effects/Impacts during Construction 10 D. Beneficial Impact 11 III. CONSULTATION, INFORMATION DISSEMINATION AND DISCLOSURE 11 IV. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM 12 V. INSTITUTIONAL ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES 13 VI. MONITORING AND REPORTING 13 VII. CONCLUSIONS AND ECOMMENDATIONS 13 VIII. ANNEX 14

PART II I. INTRODUCTION 16 A. GBA Investment component overview 16 B. Project Description 16 C. Objectives of Study 17 D. Scope of Study 17 II. SCOPE OF LIKELY IMPACTS OF GBA INVESTMENT COMPONENT 18 A. Involuntary Resettlement & Indigenous People 18 B. Scale of Construction of GBA Investment Component 19 C. Land Acquisition of Gautam Buddha Airport 21 D. Land Acquisition of T2 Area 22 E. Involuntary Resettlement 24 F. Use of Compensation Money 24 G. Indigenous People 25 H. Indigenous People in the context of GBA 26 I. Identification of Ethnic Groups in T2 area 26 J. Beneficial Impacts 27 K. Adverse Impacts 28 III. CONSULTATION, GREIVANCES REDRESS MECHANISM 28 IV. INSTITUTIONAL ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES 30 V. MONITORING & REPORTING 30 VI. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 31

PART III I. CORRECTIVE ACTIONS FOR TIA & GBA IC 51 A. Corrective Actions for TIA Investment Component 51 B. Corrective Actions for GBA IC 52

PURPOSE AND STRUCTURE OF THIS REPORT

Purpose of this report

As outlined in the Inception Report (Ref: 20NP040001-RV-000-G-RPT-001) dated 26 May 2020, the Review exercise is divided into 4 phases:

◆ Phase 1 – Inception report ◆ Phase 2 – Capacity assessment and design review ◆ Phase 3 – Development of the TIA ITB review ◆ Phase 4 – Refinement

As part of the assignment for “Phase 2 – Capacity assessment and design review”, this presents the Draft Social Safeguard Due Diligence Report of TIA and GBIA Investment Components.

Structure of this report

The report is structured in three parts:

• Part I- Social Safeguard Due Diligence Report of TIA IC • Part II-Land Acquisition and Ethnic Households in GBIA Project Area Due Diligence Report • Part III-Corrective Actions

Part I of the report is organized into following seven (7) chapters; a brief of each chapter is described as below:

• Chapter 1 - Introduction: This section provides background of the project and description of project component and scope and objectives of the study. • Chapter 2 - Scope of Likely Impacts of the TIA Investment Component: This section summarizes scope of likely impacts of project on involuntary resettlement and indigenous people. • Chapter 3 - Consultation, Information Dissemination and Disclosure: This section discusses consultation with project stakeholders and related outcome. • Chapter 4 – Grievance Redress Mechanism: This section describes review of existing and proposed grievance redress mechanism for the project. • Chapter 5 – Institutional Roles and Responsibilities: This section describes role and responsibilities of institutions for the implementation and execution of project component • Chapter 6 - Monitoring and Reporting: This section elucidates M&E of social safeguard related issues during implementation of project. • Chapter 7 - Conclusion and Recommendation: This section highlights key findings and recommendations for implementation.

Similarly, Part II of the report is organized in following 6 chapters

• Chapter 1 - Introduction: This section provides background of the project and description of project component and scope and objectives of the study. • Chapter 2 - Scope of Likely Impacts of the GBIA Investment Component: This section summarizes scope of likely impacts of project on involuntary resettlement and indigenous people. • Chapter 3 – Consultation & Grievance Redress Mechanism: This section discusses consultation with project stakeholders and related outcome and review of existing and proposed grievance redress mechanism for the project. • Chapter 4 – Institutional Roles and Responsibilities: This section describes role and responsibilities of institutions for the implementation and execution of project component • Chapter 5 - Monitoring and Reporting: This section elucidates M&E of social safeguard related issues during implementation of project. • Chapter 6 - Conclusion and Recommendation: This section highlights key findings and recommendations for implementation.

Part III of the report is divided into two sections for Corrective Actions related to TIA IC and GBIA IC.

Part: I SOCIAL SAFEGUARD DUE DILIGENCE REPORT OF TIA INVESTMENT COMPONENT

I. INTRODUCTION A. Overview of the Sector Development Program

1. There is a growing international passengers' demand in Nepal. With the only international gateway in Tribhuvan International airport (TIA) and handling about half of the country’s domestic air traffic, there is a need to increase the capacity of the Nepal civil aviation sector to meet the growing demand. The Government of Nepal is developing the Gautam Buddha Airport and the Pokhara International Airport as national pride projects. On completion in about 1-2 years' time these airports will share part of international air traffic at TIA.

2. The Government of Nepal has applied for a loan from the Asian Development Bank (ADB) for Airport Capacity Enhancement Sector Development Program (SDP) to support the following components:

i.) Program Component – Civil aviation sector reforms in restructuring the Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal (CAAN)

ii.) Investment Component – Provide project financing for improvement of airport facilities at TIA and Gautam Buddha Airport (GBA) in Lumbini.

B. SDP Investment components

3. The SDP investment components comprise the following: i.) TIA Hangar Apron ii.) TIA Parallel Taxiway Extension iii.) GBA T2 Terminal

4. These investment components shall be subject to review, including but not limited to, revised demand forecast, reviewed scope of work, reviewed engineering design and specifications, revised cost estimates, implementation arrangement, implementation schedule and procurement packages. Due diligence will be conducted on these components including environmental and social safeguards, economic and financial analysis.

C. TIA investment components overview

5. Figure 1 shows satellite view of TIA. The Hangar Aprons and Parallel Taxiway Extension are to be constructed in the existing TIA site. The extents of works are demarcated in Figure 2.

Figure 1 - Satellite view of TIA

N Source: Google Earth.

Figure 2 - Existing TIA masterplan with investment components demarcation

D. Project Description (TIA)

6. Tribhuvan International Airport is the main gateway for international air travel in Nepal. As per CAAN, the airport handled 124,255 aircrafts movements (including 32,439 international) and 7,327,042 passenger movements (including 4,138,563 international) in 2019. The salient details of this airport are shown in Annex-1 of this report.

7. Started in 1951, the airport has gone through succession of improvements. Major improvements of the airport have been undertaken by ADB funded programs and projects since eighties.

8. A master plan update of the airport was carried out by CAAN in 2009, which identified a number of projects for phase improvement of infrastructures and CNS facilities of this airport. Air Transport Capacity Enhancement Project (ATCEP), funded by ADB undertook implementation of Phase 1A of this master plan, which include a 300 m runway extension towards the end 02 for improving runway safety area towards runway 20; extension of existing International Terminal Building to provide additional space for departure gate lounge and 3 arrivals; construction of new parallel taxiway at Code E separation and international apron on north-west side of the airport.

9. Further review of 2009 master plan of TIA was carried out by CAAN through assistance of Transport Project Preparatory Facility (TPPF). Air Transport Project Preparatory Consultant under TPPF carried out preparation of updated Master Plan 2016 and detail design of air side and land side infrastructures needed for ultimate development of TIA by 2028 as proposed in this master plan. Taking into account of planned infrastructures for ultimate development, maximum runway capacity will attain 42 aircraft movements per hour in mixed mode operation on runway 02 enabling 187,000 aircraft movements per year.

10. To enable capacity enhancement of runway and create space for additional international apron, the following infrastructure improvements are selected as part of TIA investment component of proposed Airport Capacity Enhancement Sector Development Program (SDP):

i. Parallel Taxiway extension towards runway end 02 and associated works; and ii. Hangar Aprons development for relocation of Nepal Airlines Hangar and Nepal Army Hangar

1. Parallel Taxiway

11. As per the design of ATPPC, the parallel taxiway (designated as Taxiway J) will connect the existing international apron to the end of the runway 02. Its position at 172.5m of the runway centreline will be in accordance with latest amendment to ICAO Annex 14 (amendment 14) for Code E. As per design of ATPPC, it will entail modification to existing exit taxiways D and E and creation of new access taxiways K and L.

12. However, for portion of parallel taxiway between international apron and exit taxiway E, relocation of existing aviation fuel station of Nepal Oil Corporation will require relocation to maintain 172.5 m separation from runway. Hence CAAN has decided to construct parallel taxiway J starting from taxiway E. Between taxiway E and taxiway L, the length of taxiway J will be 1140 m. Because of constraints of land and topography, retaining walls are required almost all along this length of taxiway J. In original design RCC retaining wall was proposed, which has been revised by CAAN with reinforced earth wall up to 24 m high.

2. Hangar Aprons

13. Two hangar aprons are proposed for construction in the east side of airport. The Hangar Apron #1 lies complementing with Buddha hangar, but this will encompass few small maintenance establishments requiring relocation or removal. As per design, the apron will have parking capacity for two Code C and three Code E aircrafts. The existing taxiway Q will be improved to Code C standard. A new link taxiway P of Code E standard will be constructed aligned at right angle with runway.

14. The Hangar #2 is proposed to be located at the south side of existing deep well of water supply and radar station. It will necessitate high fills to be supported by retaining works. The apron will have parking capacity of 3 Code C aircrafts and 4 no of fixed wing aircrafts (MI 17 type helicopters). It will be linked with runway by an access taxiway R.

15. The east side runway side strips will be improved in the areas complementing these hangar aprons and associated taxiways. For this section, existing airport perimeter will be relocated. The improvement of runway side strips will contribute to further drainage improvement of the airport.

E. Scope of Study

16. The Terms of Reference provides scope of consultancy services of the TA project. Apart from others, the assignment includes ADB’s required due diligence: social safeguards in accordance with ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS); and social assessment.

17. This social safeguard due diligence report (DDR) has been prepared for the TIA investment component (Hangar Aprons and Parallel Taxiway) under the proposed Airport Capacity Enhancement Sector Development Program (SDP).

18. The report assesses the likely social impacts of this investment component following applicable government policies/procedures and ADB Safeguard Policy Statement. The social safeguard DDR explains the likely impacts and proposes actions to be taken by the Executing Agency (CAAN) that are anticipated in relation to implementation of the works packages of hangar aprons and parallel taxiway at TIA. The likely impacts were assessed by reviewing the design and documents prepared by ATCEP, CAAN. This report presents the findings and status of the land acquisition, possession of land and other social safeguard concerns related with TIA investment component of SDP.

F. Objectives of Study

19. The main objective of the DDR is to assess the availability of land for the proposed infrastructures of TIA investment component of SDP and likely social impacts due to their implementation at TIA.

20. During the social safeguard due diligence study, the likely involuntary resettlement and indigenous people's impacts were assessed based on the information and documents provided by Air Transport Capacity Enhancement Project (ATCEP), CAAN. Consultations with project stakeholders were carried out along with site visit and observations 5

II. SCOPE OF LIKELY IMPACTS OF THE TIA INVESTMENT COMPONENT

A. Involuntary Resettlement and Indigenous People

1. ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009)

21. The safeguard areas of the ADB include safeguard areas that seek to avoid, minimize, or mitigate negative environmental and social impacts, including protecting the rights of those likely to be affected or marginalized by the development process (ADB, 2009).

22. ADB’s safeguard policy framework consists of three operational policies on: (i) the Environment, (ii) Indigenous Peoples and (iii) Involuntary Resettlement. All three safeguard policies involve a structured process of impact assessment, planning, and mitigation to address the adverse effects of projects throughout the project cycle. The safeguard policies require that impacts are identified and assessed early in the project cycle; plans to avoid, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for the potential adverse impacts are developed and implemented; and affected people are informed and consulted during project preparation and implementation.

2. Involuntary Resettlement

23. Based on the operations manual for safeguards of ADB, the involuntary resettlement impacts of an ADB-supported project are considered significant if 200 or more persons will be physically displaced from home or lose 10% or more of their productive or income-generating assets.

24. For those involving involuntary resettlement, a resettlement plan is prepared that is commensurate with the extent and degree of the impacts: the scope of physical and economic displacement and the vulnerability of the affected persons.

25. Projects are classified based on operations manual for safeguards into the following four categories:

• Category A. A proposed project is likely to have significant involuntary resettlement impacts. A resettlement plan, which includes assessment of social impacts, is required. • Category B. A proposed project includes involuntary resettlement impacts that are not deemed significant. A resettlement plan, which includes assessment of social impacts, is required. • Category C. A proposed project has no involuntary resettlement impacts. No further action is required.

3. Indigenous Peoples

26. The impacts of an ADB-supported project on indigenous peoples is determined by assessing: a) the magnitude of impact in terms of: b) customary rights of use and access to land and natural resources; c) socioeconomic status; d) cultural and communal integrity; e) health, education, livelihood, and social security status; f) the recognition of indigenous knowledge; and g) the level of vulnerability of the affected Indigenous Peoples community.

27. Projects are classified into the following categories:

• Category A. A proposed project is likely to have significant impacts on indigenous peoples. An indigenous peoples plan (IPP), including assessment of social impacts, is required. • Category B. A proposed project is likely to have limited impacts on indigenous peoples. An IPP, including assessment of social impacts, is required. • Category C. A proposed project is not expected to have impacts on indigenous peoples. No further action is required.

4. TIA Investment Component of SDP

28. The further development of TIA is guided by Master Plan 2016 prepared under ADB funded Air Transport Project Preparatory Consultant (ATPPC), Transport Project Preparatory Facility.

29. The proposed Hangar Aprons and Parallel Taxiway will be built in the designated areas of master plan and in the existing land of TIA. Thus, there is no requirement of land acquisition for construction of these infrastructures at TIA.

30. Therefore there is no involuntary resettlement impact and no indigenous people impact in case of TIA investment of SDP.

31. No further action is required for IR and IP as per ADB, Safeguard Policy Statement.

B. Scale of Construction of TIA Investment Component

1. Scale of Construction Works

a) Hangar Aprons

32. The site development of hangar aprons will require earthworks and grading of areas for aprons, taxiways P, Q and R; pavement works for aprons and taxiways; visual aids and apron flood lighting etc. This development will also involve improvement in part of runway side strips complementing these hangar areas as shown in Figure 3. This will require relocation of part of airport perimeter road, whose works will involve earthworks, drainage, road pavement etc. Figure 3 – Layout of Hangar Areas Development at TIA

33. Total construction areas of two hangar aprons and associated taxiways (P, Q and R) will be 98,967 m2 and 27,620 m2 respectively. Likewise, about 17,000 m2 of east side runway 7 side strip will be improved. Because of topography, the earthworks will require deep filling for the construction of Hangar Apron #2. About 220 m length of retaining walls (height from 4 to 16.5 m) will be required for embankment construction of this hangar apron. The quantities of major civil works and their construction inputs for hangar aprons are shown in Annex-2.

b) Parallel Taxiway

34. In the investment component of SDP, the existing parallel taxiway will be extended beyond exit taxiway E, by a section of taxiway J spaced at 172.5 m from runway centre line meeting ICAO, Code E compliance. The length of this section of taxiway J will be 1140 m up to the runway end 02. The parallel taxiway will include associated link taxiways K and L (Figure 4). The parallel taxiway will run along the existing Cargo Building area situated at the base.

Figure 4 – Layout of Parallel Taxiway Development at TIA

35. The development of parallel taxiway J, and associated link taxiways K and L will require earthworks and grading of runway side strip (on west side), pavement, visual aids and AFL. The design includes retention structures up to 24 m height to safeguard the embankment construction of parallel taxiway and Cargo Building area.

36. The total construction areas of parallel taxiway K and associated link taxiways K and L will be about 65,378 m2. Similarly, 133,400 m2 of runway side strip will be improved between taxiways E and L. The quantities of major civil works and their construction inputs for parallel taxiway and associated works are shown in Annex-1.

c) Drainage

37. As per the design report (ATPPC, 2017), the design of drains for hangar aprons and parallel taxiway are based on 10-year storm event in order to be consistent with the existing drainage system of TIA. In between runway and taxiways, or in the runway strip, surface drainage is accomplished by grassed swale with regularly spaced catch basins. The spacing of the inlets in those areas has been computed based on the transverse slopes of the swale, its longitudinal slope, and the rainfall data. The precast concrete grated channels have been proposed in design considering the most constraining channel (in terms of runoff to evacuate) for each area. The layout plan of drainage in hangar aprons, associated taxiways are shown in Figure 5.

Fiure 5- Drainage layout plan of Hangar Aprons

38. In design, there are two types of drains in case of parallel taxiway (Figure 6): (i) a new side drain between runway and parallel taxiway after exit taxiway E, which will be a part of runway side strip development and (ii) subsurface drains in reinforced earth (RE) wall. The runway side drain will be connected with drain in extension area of runway 02, which outflows to Manohar River; while subsurface drainage of RE wall will be connected to an outer drain along existing outlet drainage of Cargo Building area.

Figure 6- Drainage layout of Parallel Taxiway

d) Perimeter Road

39. The construction of Hagar Aprons will require relocation of a part of east side perimeter road of TIA. The length of this road section is about 900 m. The geometry standard of realigned road section will remain as in the existing. Drainage will be provided for the road aligned with existing airport drains.

40. Likewise, the construction of Parallel Taxiway extension will involve construction of perimeter road starting from south edge of Cargo Building which will end at perimeter road in the area of runway 02 extension. The length of this section of perimeter road is about 810m.

2. Implementation of TIA Investment Component

41. The construction of Hangar Aprons and Parallel Taxiway are planned to be implemented in 4 years period (3 year's construction and 1 year Defects Notification Period) with commencement anticipated in Q1 of 2021. The works will be executed by two ICB contracts one each for Hangar Aprons and Parallel Taxiway. 9

3. Construction Sites and Access and Contractor's Facilities

42. Because of location of hangar aprons sites in the east side of TIA, Kandaghari- Shivabasti section of outer perimeter road will serve as the main route for transportation of construction materials, plants and equipment by the contractor. This road section will also provide access to the construction sites of hangar aprons and contractor's facilities. Beyond, this road section is linked with Bagmati river bank roads through airport RFF road and with Arniko Highway through Jadibuti-Kandaghari road. The contractor's facilities will be located at designated areas available within the open space of airport boundary (Figure 7). Because of two discrete sites, the Contractor may need two areas to establish such facilities. It is understood that CAAN will select and provide designated areas free of cost for the establishment of contractor's facilities (office, plant, equipment yard, material storage, labour camps/dormitories etc).

Figure 7-Tentaive Location for Contractors Camp Facilities

43. The access from Ring Road (Tinkune) will be more convenient for parallel taxiway site because of its location on the west side of runway. It is understood from CAAN that area of on-going contractor's facilities of A04 (international apron and parallel taxiway) under ATCEP could be partly shared to the contractor of parallel taxiway. The contractor may require more area to adequately establish facilities. For this, CAAN may consider other open spaces available close to the site within the airport boundary.

4. Major Construction Materials Requirements

44. The civil works of hangar aprons and parallel taxiway will require following local materials

Types of materials Hangar Aprons Parallel Taxiway Fills (Soil 5% and 15% CBR) 991,910 m3 580,807 m3 Granular materials for Technical Backfill 332,465 m3 Sand 36,647 m3 4,454 m3 Coarse Aggregates 139,136 m3 68, 930 m3 Cement 36,128 t 4,157 t Source: Design documents prepared by CAAN

C. Anticipated Social Effects/Impacts during Construction

1. Extraction and Transportation of Fill Materials

45. The extraction of material sources excavation, and transportation and deposition of materials in construction sites are one of the major components of civil works of this project. The construction of embankments of TIA investment component (hangar aprons and parallel taxiway) will require about 1.6 million cubic meters of fill materials for soil and technical backfill. Moreover, about 210,000 m3 of plant produced aggregates will be required for asphalt and concrete pavement works. The contractors will be required to get these materials from approved sources. Depending upon quality and quantity, these materials will be sourced from approved quarries and aggregate crusher plants located in various areas of Kathmandu Valley and adjacent districts.

46. It is anticipated that the excavation and transportation of construction material will create certain level of social effects/impacts. The operation of heavy equipment like excavators, loaders, tippers/trucks etc will exert pressure on road and cause sound pollution, dust pollution and chance of road accidents (vehicles, human, and animals) and traffic jam in the urban areas, since the vehicle will be using public roads in both rural and urban areas. These effects/impacts will be adequately addressed under the project EMP. In addition, the IEE has further clarified that temporary impacts such as those related to borrow pits shall ensure contractors will only procure materials for the Project from licensed operating borrow pits / quarries, or obtain written permission from landholders, municipality and district coordination committee under the Local Government Operation Act, 2017 prior to securing materials from quarries and borrow pits. The contractor will ensure that the operation of quarries and borrow pits will not lead to involuntary acquisition. All lands used as borrow pits will be restored.

47. Therefore, it is essential that extraction and transportation of materials from sources are carried out by the contractors in the manner that local social issues/impacts are avoided or minimized with proper mitigation measures. The safety of people, property during extraction of materials from sources and their transportation will require proper consideration addressed through provisions of contract agreement of works. The mitigation measures will be undertaken by the contractors following provisions of the project EMP. The supervision consultant will monitor implementation of mitigation measures by the contractors. The Client will assist in implementation of social effects/impact mitigation measures through consultation with stakeholders.

2. Use of Kandaghari-Shiva Basti Road

48. While, the contractor will be using various public roads for transportation of construction materials, this road section will be extensively used for the transportation of materials, plant, equipment, labour and personnel for the execution of works contract of hangar aprons. The road is dual lane and surface is partly blacktopped and partly concrete. CAAN has partly funded for the improvement of this road.

49. This is a public road majorly serving the people of Gothatar area (Khahare, Mantar, Namgyal, Binayak Chowk, Shiv Basti) of ward no 8 and 9 of Kageswori Manahara Urban Municipality (KMUM).

50. Maintenance of this road including traffic and road safety management will be vital while using for the construction route of Hangar Aprons. It is considered that this aspect will be addressed in the works contract of this investment component. 11

3. HIV AIDS & Human Trafficking

51. The construction of hangar aprons and parallel taxiway will involve influx of workers from diversified places and culture to a close space. The contractor's camp management generates the space for the diversified people to be closer through residential clusters, sanitation, drinking water supply system, space for entertainment and marketing for food grains and other accessories. The closer companionship can be a medium to establish informal social relationship among strange people being shared a same social pattern in the society. The work force and the host community will also be closer due to regular interaction in relation to survival such as supply of food grains and other daily need items: sharing tea stalls and restaurants, market places, public transport system and the like in long term of business, since the project will last for relatively long time. The common human nature is highly subjective and interactive. Human desires to be mixed up with host community. Human interaction will have a chance to be infected, to infect others, so the serious measures of precisions are to be applied in both the sites in airport premises and material source sites as well.

52. Any social impacts due to HIV, AIDS and human trafficking should be prevented in the construction related activities. The contractor should conduct an HIV-AIDS awareness programme via an approved service provider, and shall undertake such other measures as are specified in the works contract to reduce the risk of the transfer of the HIV virus between and among the contractor’s Personnel and the host community, to promote early diagnosis and to assist affected individuals.

D. Beneficial Impact

53. The project will cause beneficial impacts due to creation of employment for labours (skilled, unskilled) in excavation and transportation of materials and construction works. Likewise, there will be need of skilled persons for construction, quality control and contract management activities.

III. CONSULTATION, INFORMATION DISSEMINATION AND DISCLOSURE

54. This report has been prepared with an application of specific methods and procedure. A desk study of the final design of TIA investment component and drawings was undertaken before field visit.

55. A field visit of TIA along with a transect walk of the project sites (i.e. Hangar Aprons, Parallel Taxiway) was conducted by Social Development Specialist and Environment Specialist assisted by Deputy Team Leader. Before site visit, a consultative meeting was held with relevant CAAN officials. Likely social and environmental impacts were identified during the field observation and discussed with CAAN officials. Since the time was suffered with lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic, live consultation with the neighbouring community was not possible thus telephone consultation was made with the key respondents like Ward Chair of the Ward no. 32 of Kathmandu Metropolitan city, and knowledgeable persons representing local communities of ward no 8 and 9 of KMUM.

56. It is essential that the project will conduct a regular consultation meeting with the concerned stakeholders including local communities in the neighbourhood. The project will update the project status and address social issues if found during construction and will apply the measures of solution. The information regarding the project will be disseminated in project website to provide access to all stakeholders in line with the Government of Nepal’s policy and other applicable requirements.

57. CAAN's project office of TIA investment component of SDP will continuously disclose information among the community people throughout the project implementation. The contractors will be abiding with the social responsibilities to comply social safeguard measures.

58. During project implementation in order to avoid all types of adverse impacts and to compliance monitoring regular interagency consultation will take place. The project office will organize consultative meeting to review the compliance monitoring progress and to disseminate information to the concern stakeholders.

IV. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

59. It is recommended to establish Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) to receive, evaluate, and facilitate the resolution of affected people’s concerns, complaints, and grievances related to the implementation of the project. During the construction period, grievances could be addressed in following manner.

a) First level: The first level and most accessible and immediate contact for the fastest resolve of grievances are the contractor, and supervision consultant (SC) on site. Prior to construction of any works, the representative of project will inform local community to about the Project. If any complaints arise during implementation, the contractor, consultant can immediately resolve the complaint on site. The contractor may seek the assistance of the consultant's safeguards specialists (the environmental specialist or social safeguards specialist) to resolve the issue. Any person with a grievance related to the project works can contact the project office to file a complaint. It is anticipated that the project office will have a social safeguards focal person to field and resolve complaints. The safeguards focal person will document the complaint, and immediately address and resolve the issue within 1-2 days, if the complaint remains unresolved at the field level. The safeguards focal person will fully document the following information: (i) name of the person; (ii) date complaint was received; (iii) nature of complaint; (iv) location; and (v) how the complaint was resolved.

b) Second level. If the grievance remains unresolved; the safeguard specialist of SC will forward the complaint to the safeguards focal person of the project office. The person filing the grievance will be notified by SC safeguards focal person that the grievance was forwarded to the project office. The project office will address the grievance. Grievances will be resolved through continuous interactions with affected persons, and the project office will answer queries and resolve grievances regarding various issues including environmental or social impacts. Corrective measures will be undertaken at the field level by the project safeguards focal person within 7 days. He/she will fully document the following information: (i) name of the person; (ii) date complaint was received; (iii) nature of complaint; (iv) location and (v) how the complaint was resolved.

c) Third level. In the event that a grievance is not addressed by the contractor, SC, project office, the affected person can seek legal redress of the grievance in the appropriate court.

60. The GRM however does not prevent affected persons from seeking legal redress at any time.

V. INSTITUTIONAL ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

61. Civil Aviation Authority Nepal (CAAN) will be the executive agency of proposed Airport Capacity Enhancement Sector Development Program (SDP). CAAN is responsible to develop and maintain the airports into operation.

62. CAAN will have necessary institutional arrangement for the implementation of the project at TIA. Based on experience of past projects, a set up for coordination at CAAN head office and another for implementation at project level are anticipated.

63. A functional safeguards desk will be established at the project level for planning; monitoring and follow up of environment and social safeguard related issues and solution thereof. The project administration manual details the TOR for an environment and social expert to be placed in the safeguards desk.

VI. MONITORING AND REPORTING

64. No involuntary resettlement and indigenous peoples related impacts are observed at this stage. The project office and SC will continue to observe the field level activities to ensure that social safeguard related issues and grievances raised during implementation are settled in a timely manner. Any problems or issues identified during implementation should be followed-up (including recommendation of mitigation measures); and learning from such issues must be recorded which would help to deal with issues more effectively.

65. If unanticipated social safeguards impacts are found during project implementation, the project will conduct a social impact assessment and update the DDR, including ensuring commensurate corrective actions are in place.

VII. CONCLUSIONS AND ECOMMENDATIONS

66. The construction of hangar aprons and parallel taxiway will be in available lands of TIA. Hence no additional land acquisition is required, thus there are no impacts on involuntary resettlement and indigenous people. The land is also found to have no legacy issues and no encroachment found. However, during the construction of project, should there be requirement of additional land; the process will follow GoN law on land acquisition and other applicable requirements, including SPS requirements will apply and a resettlement plan based on social impact assessment and meaningful consultation will be prepared, as appropriate.

67. Certain construction induced social effects are anticipated during construction of works. Such issues/impacts will be of temporary in natures and solved through appropriate mitigation measures by the contractors, supervision consultant and client (i.e. CAAN).

68. To address such temporary effects the following recommendations are suggested:

• Maintenance and road traffic safety of access road (e.g. Kandhaghari- Shivbasti) frequently used in transportation of materials, plant and equipment for the execution of works of hangar aprons.

• Coordination with Department of Roads, local level and traffic police in transportation of construction materials through public roads to avoid traffic jam, road accident. • Monitoring of contractors extraction of the material source to avoid social concern/impact on local people and property.

• Proper management of contractor's labor camps/dormitories to avoid social impact, if any to host community. • Contractor's plant operation and working time planning and management considering minimizing noise disturbance to local communities.

69. These issues will be adequately addressed following environmental management plan of the project. In addition, the IEE has further clarified that temporary impacts such as those related to borrow pits shall ensure contractors will only procure materials for the Project from licensed operating borrow pits / quarries, or obtain written permission from landholders, municipality and district coordination committee under the Local Government Operation Act, 2017 prior to securing materials from quarries and borrow pits. The contractor will ensure that the operation of quarries and borrow pits will not lead to involuntary acquisition. All lands used as borrow pits will be restored.

VIII. ANNEX ANNEX A: Salient Features of Tribhuvan International Airport

Salient Features of Tribhuvan International Airport Name Tribhuvan International Airport

Location Indicator VNKT

IATA Code KTM

Aerodrome Reference Code 4E

Aerodrome Reference Point 274149.727 N/0852128.527 E

Province/District Bagmati/Kathmandu

Distance and Direction from City Within Kathmandu City

Elevation 1339.54 m. /4394.76 ft.

Night Operation Facilities Available

Operation Hours Nov to Feb 0630LT-0330LT (Next Day) Feb to Nov 0600LT-0330LT (Next Day) Status Operational Year of start of operation 1951 Serviceability All weather Land Area Approx. 1785160.05 m2 (178.516 ha) Re-fueling Facility Available, Provided by Nepal Oil Corporation Service Control service Instrumental Flight Rule(IFR) + Visual Flight Rule Type of Traffic Permitted (VFR) Airbus 330, Boeing 777, IL76, MD10, DC10, ATR72, Type of Aircraft operating CRJ700/200, MA60, ATR42, JS41, B190, D228,

L410, DHC6, Y12 Air Arabia, Air China, Air India, Biman Bangladesh, Buddha Air, Cathay Dragon, China Eastern, China Southern, Fly Dubai, Druk Air, Etihad Airways, International Himalaya Airlines, IndiGo, Jazeera Airways, Korean Air, Malaysian Airlines, Malindo Air, Nepal Airlines, Schedule Oman Air, Qatar Airways, Salam Air, Sichuan Operating Airlines Airlines, Silk Air, Tashi Air, Tata Vistara, Thai Airways, Thai Lion, Tibet Airlines, Turkish Airlines Nepal Airlines, Buddha Air, Saurya Airlines, Shree National Airlines, Simrik Airlines, Yeti Air, Tara Air, Sita Air, Summit Air Schedule International Abu Dhabi, Bangkok, Banglore, Beijing, Chendu, Connectivity Dammam, Delhi, Dhaka, Doha, Dubai, Guanzhou, 15

Destinations Hong Kong, Incheon, Istanbul, Kolkata, Kualalampur, Kunming, Kuwait, Lhasa, Muscat, Paro, Sarjahan, Singapore, Vanaras, Xianyang Chandragadhi, Taplejung, Lamidanda, Thamkharka, Rumjatar, Rajbiraj, Janakpur, Simara, Bharatpur, National Lukla, Bhojpur, Tumlingtar, Pokhara, Bhairahawa, Nepalgunj, Dhangadhi, Surkhet RFF Category IX Type of Surface Bituminous Paved (Asphalt Concrete) Runway 3050 m x 45 m Runway Dimension Runway 02/20 Designation 9 Parking Bay for 3 no Wide body Airbus 330-300 International Apron and 6 no Airbus 320 Domestic 17 Aircrafts Remote Parking 2 no Boeing 777 200er and 2 no ATR72s Source: CAAN

Part II LAND ACQUISITION AND ETHNIC HOUSEHOLDS IN GBA PROJECT AREA DUE DILIGENCE REPORT I. INTRODUCTION A. GBA Investment component overview

70. The investment component at GBA includes construction of new international terminal building T2. It is to be constructed adjacent to terminal T1 (under construction) in the existing GBA site (Figure 1). The extent of the site for GBA T2 Terminal Building is demarcated in Figure 2.

Figure 1 - Satellite view of GBA

Source: Google Earth

Figure 2-GBA T2 construction site

B. Project Description

71. Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal (CAAN) is undertaking upgrading of existing Gautam Buddha Airport (GBA) to international airport under South Asia Tourism Infrastructure Development Project (SATIDP) funded by Asian Development Project. SATIDP has separate programs for Bangladesh, India and Nepal with each portion comprising of connectivity 17 enhancement and destination improvement, in addition to others. In Nepal, SAITDP is contributing to development of GBA to regional international standard Category E as per ICAO guidelines and further development of Lumbini area. Lumbini, the birthplace of Lord Buddha, is a highly regarded shrine for the Buddhists all over the World.

72. CAAN initiated improvement to civil aviation services and facilities with preparation of a master plan in 2006. In case of GBA, this plan was updated in 2010 for improving the airport to Category D with construction of new runway (2600x45 m), terminal building and other facilities for both international and domestic operation. In 2010, the master plan was further updated to improve the airport to Category E with 3000x45 m runway and a runway strip of 3202x300m, construction of new terminal (15,169 sqm floor area for 1.1 Mpax capacity), international apron (for 3 wide body aircraft) and instrument landing system.

73. The on-going construction of improvement of GBA is largely complete, and it has experienced some delays due to COVID -19 pandemic.

74. In the upcoming project, Airport Capacity Enhancement Sector Development Program (SDP) under ADB funding, construction of new Terminal T2 is proposed at this airport. Located on the west of terminal T1 under construction, the terminal T2 will have floor area of about 35,000 sqm. This will also include construction of apron with capacity of 15 no of Code D or 6 no of Code C and 5 no of Code D or E aircrafts1 and other associated facilities (car park, drainage, access road, ancillary buildings etc).

75. As shown in Figure 2, the land proposed for the siting of new terminal T2 borders with airport on the east and south and Ghaghra Nala on the west and Bhairahawa-Lumbini Road (BLR) on the north. BLR will serve as main landside access to new Terminal T2. Presently, BLR is under widening to 4 lanes standard by Department of Roads, Government of Nepal.

C. Objectives of Study

76. The main objective of the study is to assess the land acquisition and ethnic households in GBA project area and to evaluate impacts on resettlement and indigenous people.

D. Scope of Study

77. This report presents the findings and status of the land acquisition, compensation and other social safeguard concerns to be considered in the implementation of new terminal T2, under GBA investment component of SDP.

78. CAAN has acquired 25.76 ha land adjoining existing premises of GBA using own resource. This land will be used for the development of new terminal building T2 and associated facilities (apron, car park, utilities etc) and other future facilities as per the master plan. It is to assess whether the land acquisition process attracts triggers the ADB SPS Safeguards Requirement 2 Involuntary Resettlement (Appendix 2) and Indigenous People (Appendix 3).

79. The report assesses the likely social impacts of this investment component following applicable government policies/procedures and ADB Safeguard Policy Statement. The social safeguard DDR explains the likely impacts and proposes actions to be taken by the Executing

1 As per Design Concept Report of T2, June 2020, ICT-prointec-SAA-Anot-Slate-Infra

Agency (CAAN) that are anticipated in relation to implementation of the works Terminal 2 in Gautam Buddha Airport.

80. The report is prepared on the basis of available information on land acquisition. There are certain data gaps, including socio-economic information of APs. As per the project, the financial statement and concerned legal documents of land acquisition are available in the records of GBA, CAAN.

II. SCOPE OF LIKELY IMPACTS OF GBA INVESTMENT COMPONENT A. Involuntary Resettlement & Indigenous People

1. ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009)

81. The safeguard areas of the ADB include safeguard areas that seek to avoid, minimize, or mitigate negative environmental and social impacts, including protecting the rights of those likely to be affected or marginalized by the development process (ADB, 2009).

82. ADB’s safeguard policy framework consists of three operational policies on: (i) the Environment, (ii) Indigenous Peoples and (iii) Involuntary Resettlement. All three safeguard policies involve a structured process of impact assessment, planning, and mitigation to address the adverse effects of projects throughout the project cycle. The safeguard policies require that impacts are identified and assessed early in the project cycle; plans to avoid, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for the potential adverse impacts are developed and implemented; and affected people are informed and consulted during project preparation and implementation.

2. Involuntary Resettlement

83. Based on the operations manual for safeguards of ADB, the involuntary resettlement impacts of an ADB-supported project are considered significant if 200 or more persons will be physically displaced from home or lose 10% or more of their productive or income-generating assets.

84. For those involving involuntary resettlement, a resettlement plan is prepared that is commensurate with the extent and degree of the impacts: the scope of physical and economic displacement and the vulnerability of the affected persons.

85. Projects are classified into the following four categories:

3. Indigenous Peoples

86. The impacts of an ADB-supported project on indigenous peoples is determined by assessing

a) the magnitude of impact in terms of b) customary rights of use and access to land and natural resources; c) socioeconomic status; d) cultural and communal integrity; e) health, education, livelihood, and social security status; f) the recognition of indigenous knowledge; and g) the level of vulnerability of the affected Indigenous Peoples community.

87. Based on the operations manual for safeguards of ADB, projects are classified into the following categories:

4. GBA Investment Component of SDP

88. The proposed T2 will be built in the designated areas of master plan and in the existing land of GBA acquired and owned by CAAN. The land acquisition activities made for the project will be reviewed to ensure consistency with all applicable requirements and accordingly appropriate measures or corrective actions shall be placed.

B. Scale of Construction of GBA Investment Component

89. As per CAAN, the design of new terminal T2 is in preliminary stage. The Design Concept Report prepared by the Design and Supervision Consultant (ICT - PROINTEC – SIKKA Associates in association with A-Not Architecture N. Architects, SLATE Consultant and Infraconsult) was available for review of the PPTA consultant. The description presented in this section refers to above report.

1. New Terminal Building T2

90. The new terminal will be constructed for international passengers. It will have an aggregate floor area of 31,960 m2. The proposed building site will be set with 38 m set back each from Ghagra Khola on the west and terminal T1 on the east. The building will contain facilities provided in following three levels:

a) Ground Floor Level – (+/_ 0.00) will have following core functions: kerb (16 m wide); main concourse area (2092 m2) providing passenger waiting area, baggage screening area, baggage wrapping (make-up) area, self-check-in kiosks, concessionaire, washrooms, baby care rooms, bank counters, etc; airlines check in area equipped with counters, associated conveyor belts; departure baggage handling area located behind the check-in counters; V.I.P lounge; sterilized departure lounge; arrival hall for de-boarding passengers; etc.

b) Mezzanine Floor (about 920 m2) located at about 5.0 m. above the ground floor over the check in area below will have two service cores at two ends each comprising of a set stairs, elevators and toilet. The floor will house administrative offices for airlines and other regulatory agencies like immigration, customs, airport security etc. All the offices and the core areas will have access control.

c) First Floor will be situated at about 10.0 m. above the ground concourse and cover about half of the concourse area below. This level will be served at two ends each having a set of escalator, elevator and washrooms as a part of core. On completion of check-in at the ground floor passengers move up to this level where departure immigration, cabin baggage and personnel security screening will be carried out

2. Airside Facilities

a) Apron

91. Apron is the main component proposed under the airside facilities of T2. The apron will be built in size of 158 m (width) and 727 m (length). It is considered that the apron will have capacity to park 15 nos. of code C aircrafts at a time or combination of 6 numbers of Code C and 5 numbers of Code D/E aircrafts. The existing runway (10-28) is proposed to turn as a parallel taxiway, which will also serve the proposed apron for T2. The apron will have pier for passenger boarding bridge, visual guidance system and apron flood lights. It will also include an airside road adjacent to the terminal building.

3. Landside Facilities

4. Access Road

92. Access to GBA is from Bhairahawa - Lumbini Road, under improvement to four lanes. A 21.5m right of way boundary from road edge has been considered towards T2 area taking into account any proposed storm water drain etc. that might be extended by the road in future as a servitude.

5. Entry and Exit ways

93. A 15.0 meter wide entry and exit road is proposed for connectivity with landside of T2.

6. Internal Landside Road

94. Depending upon use single or double lane roads will be provided including for kerb-side drop-off and pick-up and movement within the car park.

7. Car Park

95. The car park with capacity of about 100 vehicles will be provided at separation of 100 m from the edge of the terminal building, which will be in compliance with security requirements of the Airport. Separate parking zone will be provided for two wheelers.

8. Service Roads

96. A 10.0 m. wide service road is proposed at the extreme west of the plot with a security check point. This road will serve the energy center, waste water treatment plant, maintenance office.

9. Kerb

97. A kerb of 16 m width is proposed along the landside edge of T2 along with drop off and pick up lanes. In total there will be covered roadway in 16 m width beyond the kerb.

10. Facilities

98. Besides, separate buildings and facilities will be provided for energy center, incinerator, wastewater treatment, airport maintenance division and the management (collection and disposal) of wastes.

11. Landscaped Area

99. Approximately 50% of the landside area will be landscaped on the landside both in soft and hard form and will be maintained by underground and pop-up sprinkler system using the recycled grey water. Lighting, CCTV will be provided for illumination and security surveillance in the area.

C. Land Acquisition of Gautam Buddha Airport

100. The land acquisition of Gautam Buddha Airport took place since the very beginning of 1970’s decade. The official record of CAAN shows the history of land acquisition as it was first acquired in 1972 to construct this airport. It is observed that the land acquisition of CAAN for the improvement of this airport is a prime motive to improve its capacity in future without involvement of any supporting agencies. As the time passes and demand of air transport increased, the government of Nepal initiated to upgrade this airport and acquired land seven times in different years, as shown in Table 1.

Table 1-Historical Record of Land Acquisition of Gautam Buddha Airport S. No. Fiscal Year Acquired land area Total area in Bigha- Remarks Bigha-Kattha-Dhur Kattha-Dhur (Ha in (Ha in parenthesis ) parenthesis )

1 1972-1973 81-10-8.5 (55.08) 81-10-8.5 (55.08) Original airport area including transmitting station 2 1993-1994 00-10-01 (0.33) 82-0-9.5 (55.41) For old VOR/DME area 3 2000-2001 02-02-10.5 (1.43) 84-3-00 (56.18) For Approach light area

4 2005-2006 60-00-15 (40.56) 144-3-15 (96.74) To expand runway and for diversion of Ghagara Khola 5 2006-2007 116-11-5 (78.75) 260-14-0 (176. 14) To upgrade to regional international airport 6 2007-2008 41-2-16.25 (27.79) 301-16-16.25 (203.28) To upgrade to regional international Airport

7 According to Dec 432-19-2.48 734-15-18.73 (496.48) For the construction of 23, 2016 notice (292.53) International Airport total land acquired till April 12, 2020 8 According to Approximately 804-15-18.73 The CAAN has clarified notification of Dec 70-0-0 (47.29) (543.78) that “due to cases in 23, 2016 some court” is basically personal land plots between their family have not been members (Ansha-Banda) completed not between CAAN and acquisition, due to property owners. Once cases in court, river that is finalized, the bank, road, project office can irrigation canal, immediately provide the and unclaimed compensation to unregistered land individuals. plots are to be acquired after fulfilling legal procedure. Source: GBA Project Office, June, 2020

101. In each time of land acquisition the compensation was paid as per the Land Acquisition Act 1964 and other prevailing laws of Nepal. It is therefore, Land Acquisition and Resettlement did not happen in anticipation of ADB project support, hence the action do not fall within the purview of ADB SPS Safeguards Requirement 2 Involuntary Resettlement (Appendix 2).

D. Land Acquisition of T2 Area

102. Among above, the acquisition of 25.76 ha land area allocated for the construction T2 and associated facilities (apron, car park, utilities etc) and other future facilities as per the master plan consists of 482 parcels of land belonging total 284 landowners and 3 industry and business. Mostly, these are farm lands, while few were residential plots along the road side and one industrial plot with homestead. The assets affected by the land acquisition were mills, petrol pumps, grocery shops, and fish ponds, trees, wells, animal sheds, bird cage, hand pumps, deep boring, biogas and others.

103. Of this, as per GBA project office, CAAN has already compensated 284 landowners and 2 industry and business, which aggregate 22.98 ha in total. All such assets were also compensated to APs. This accounts 89.2% of total 25.76 ha land. The ownership of these lands is already transferred to CAAN.

Plate 1: Proposed area for location of T2 The remaining 2.78 ha land belongs to Lumbini Distillery (as seen in Plate 1). The distillery was closed in 1998. As informed, the compensation amount for acquisition of this distillery has been agreed, the process of acquisition will be completed soon after completion of remaining official work.

104. It was reported by the affected persons in telephone conversation and with then Social Safeguard Specialist that the valuation of land and property was fixed in negotiation with the PAPs and compensation was determined after series of consultation prior to the project commencement.

105. Based on the knowledge of the consulted APs majority of APs have residential and agricultural land as well in different wards in the same municipality, whilst some APs have land in neighbouring districts. Thus, those APs left after receiving compensation. The inventory of this land acquisition is shown in Annex – B1 of the report. Further information, e.g. socio-economic profile of affected persons (APs) of this land acquisition is not available.

1. Land Ownership Status in T2 Areas.

106. The history of T2 area settlement is new. The compensated APs reported that the settlement in the vicinity of T2 area begun after the operation of this airport with an expectation to operate some business activities. All the acquired land plots were legally registered private plots and no traditionally owned parental land. People from the neighbouring settlements and from different districts migrated towards the Lumbini road as this area became a tourist hub. The land ownership certificate was considered as legal base to entertain compensation entitlement and payment.

2. Compensation Payment

107. The APs were obviously aware of the land acquisition as issues of land acquisition occurred in different years (from 1972 to 2016) (ref Table 1). Prime concern of the APs regarding compensation was to get compensation as per local replacement cost. The CAAN constituted Compensation Determination Committee (CDC) under the chairmanship of the concern Chief District Officer (CDO) as per the Land Acquisition Act 1964. It was necessary to address the stakeholders issue regarding compensation amount as per existing legal provisions, so the CDO as a head of CDC collected opinion from the APs through Social Safeguard Officer, pulled APs ideas and expectations on compensation rate of the land and other assets, and reviewed the current market value of land, housing materials, trees, business enterprises, agricultural support devices like head pumps and paid compensation accordingly. Displacement allowances were paid that included (i) different types of factories that are not in operation after deduction of depreciation; (ii) housing allowances for demolished houses; (iii) transportation cost for debris;

(iv) allowances equal to 90 days wage to the agriculture labour as per district wage rate; (v) relocation of rice mills, petrol pump, and grocery shop on the basis of investment and structure types; and (vi) fish ponds. The summary of the compensation paid for land, assets and displacement allowances is presented in Table 2. However, information on compensation payment to each AP was not available due to confidentiality requirement of individual's property.

Table 2 - Summary Cost of Land Acquisition and Assets Compensation in T2 Areas Description Unit Quantity Rate/Unit (NRs) Amount (NRs) Remarks Compensation for Ha 25.76 Various Rates as 2,685,030,244.00 89.1% paid Private Land mentioned in Annex B2 remaining Lumbini Distillery (2.78 ha) Structures of No. 45 Various Rates as 103, 100,000.00 Paid Various Types mentioned in Annex B2 Head Pump No. 35 Various Rates as 1,010,100.00 Paid mentioned in Annex B2 Boring for Irrigation No. 45 Various Rates as 2 32,825.00 Paid mentioned in Annex B2 Trees (Fruit, No. 700 Various rates as 3,500,000.00 Paid Timber and fuel mentioned in Annex B4 wood) Displacement 17,500,000.00 Paid Allowances Total 2,810,373,169.00

Source: GBA/CAAN, July 2020

E. Involuntary Resettlement

108. The ADB Safeguard Policy Statement mentions that the involuntary resettlement requirements apply to full or partial, permanent or temporary physical displacement (relocation, loss of residential land, or loss of shelter) and economic displacement (loss of land, assets, access to assets, income sources, or means of livelihoods) resulting from (i) involuntary acquisition of land, or (ii) involuntary restrictions on land use or on access to legally designated parks and protected areas.

109. As far as the involuntary resettlement of the APs is concerned, it was learnt from the project office and those APs contacted that the T2 area was occupied by majority of the migrant people from the adjoining wards of the same municipality, nearby settlements and adjoining districts. This area was well equipped road and nearby airport and other social services, so happened to be attraction for the investors. As the airport acquired the land and paid a handsome compensation the landowners received cash and moved away in their permanent places. The land acquisition does not force to resettle banning on the use of traditional resources in the area as the APs reported that they were not depending only on this land for survival. So it is not necessary to resettle anybody in the area.

F. Use of Compensation Money

110. It was reported by the APs (in telephone conversation) that majority of the APs have invested their compensation money in purchasing land in similar semi-urban areas. It was 25 because the compensation amount was pretty adequate to buy similar quality land in other areas. Therefore, APs became successful to purchase more lands in the neighbouring settlements. Some of the APs invested compensation money to construct house in their original place to operate business. Few of the APs reported that they have purchased farmland in the rural areas. It was reported that some of the farmers reinstalled their pump set for irrigation, the business persons invested money in their existing business such as petrol pumps, grocery shop and rice mills. In overall, APs have invested their compensation money in productive sector and to enable better economic well-being.

G. Indigenous People

111. According to the ADB’s safeguard policy the indigenous people safeguards are triggered if a project directly or indirectly affects the dignity, human rights, livelihood systems, or culture of indigenous peoples or affects the territories or natural or cultural resources that indigenous peoples own, use, occupy, or claim as an ancestral domain or asset. The term indigenous peoples is used in a generic sense to refer to a distinct, vulnerable, social and cultural group possessing the characteristics such as self-identification as members of distinct indigenous cultural group, geographically distinct habitats or ancestral territories; distinct customary cultural, economic, social, or political institutions and a distinct language.

112. Nepal has its own definition of indigenous/ tribal community known as Adivasi / Janajati. There are 59 Adivasi/Janjatis groups listed in constitution. The janjatis living in different ecological zones are presented in Table 3. National Foundation for Development of Indigenous Nationalities (NFDIN) (2005) has classified them into five broad categories based on the level of their socioeconomic development status or the degree of marginalization.

Table 3: Distribution of Indigenous groups by Ecological Zones and Levels of Vulnerability Categories of Indigenous Groups Ecological Highly Endangered Marginalized Disadvantaged Advantaged Zones Marginalized Bhote, Bara Gaunle, Dolpo, Byanshi, Siya, Larke, Chhairotan, Shingsawa Mountain - Lhopa, Marpahali- Thakali (Lhomi), Mugali, Thakali, Sherpa, Thudam Topkegola, Tangbe, Walung Tingaule Chantyal, Gurung, Bankariya, Bhujel, Jhirel, Hayu, Baramu, Dura, Limbu, Hill Kushbadiya, Thami, Pahari, Phree, Newar Magar, Lepcha, Chepang Sunuwar, Rai, Surel Tamang Yakha, Hyolmo Bote, Raji, Raute, Raji, Raute, Inner Terai Danuwar, Darai, Kumhal - - Kusunda Kusunda Majhi

Dhimal, Dhanuk, Kisan, Kisan, Gangai, Terai Jhangad, - - Meche Meche Rajbanshi, Satar Tajpuriya, Tharu Total 10 12 20 15 2 Source: NFDIN (2015)

H. Indigenous People in the context of GBA

113. As per the project document there is a high concentration of janjati and dalit families in the GBA area, typical of the entire Terai region, which is dominated by Indo-Nepalese groups, whose ancestors had entered Nepal from the south, and these groups follow caste-based systems of social hierarchy. The social, cultural, economic, and political characteristics are similar to the other Nepalese communities inhabiting in the Terai, and generally homogeneous within the GBA area. Economic status of the janjati and dalit households is equivalent to the rest of the households.

114. Reviewing the previous airport project activities, the implementation of the components for upgrading of GBA to regional international airport standard (Code E as per ICAO) required land acquisition for a strip of 4,100m in length and 250m width at the south of the existing runway. Altogether, 869 plots of (total 97.27 ha) land belonging to 389 households were acquired for the original project, which encompass on-going improvements of GBA. A total of 84 households were identified as vulnerable households comprising 27 BPL (Below Poverty Level), 39 female-headed, 12 indigenous people, and 6 dalit households. A full resettlement plan (RP) was prepared under the original project to mitigate impacts due to land acquisition1. The RP recommended additional incentives such as allowances or preference to opportunity for employment generated by the Project or opportunity to participate in income generating training to these vulnerable households.

115. The excerpts of latest Semi-annual Social Monitoring Report 2019 of SATIDP explain the following:

"Based on estimates and plan of actions included in resettlement plan of 2013 (RP), 84 households were identified as vulnerable household comprising 27 BPL, 39 female-headed, 6 Dalit, and 12 indigenous people household. The CAAN/GAUC is planning to give priority to vulnerable groups in future on-going life skill trainings to enhance their livelihood and income restoration. Similarly, as per section 3.8 'Ensuring IP's Identity, Human Rights, Livelihood and Cultural Uniqueness fully respected' of the same report "There were 12 households of indigenous peoples (Tharu) residing in the project affected area as per RP document. The CAAN/GAUC was settled mitigation measures accordingly in land acquiring phase. Therefore, the CAAN/GAUC project have not any significant impacts on indigenous peoples and their culture, hence, no further actions are required.

I. Identification of Ethnic Groups in T2 area

116. Among 284 landowners majority are high and middle caste terai community comprising 38.38 %. The high and middle caste terai ethnic communities comprise Sardar, Sarkar, Yadav, Ahir, Lodh, Kahar, Barai, Bhar, Gosai and Loniya. The second largest proportion-24.64 % is of hill Brahmin/ Chhetries. Hill janajati people contribute 10.21%, while 9.5 % are terai Dalit. Similarly, there are Muslims (7.74 %), Chaudharis (1.41%), and (1.05 %) hill Dalits, whereas 7.04 % are categorised as Unidentified for this presentation (Table 4). Supposed to be Tharu, but these

Chaudharis are Kurmi, one of the Terai ethnic groups and they are not real Tharu people. This was reported by Anita Chaudhari, one of the four APs of the Chaudharis listed in the inventory of land acquisition of T2 area. According to Anita they were Kurmi and used to write Kurmi till a generation back, at present the Kurmi started write Chaudhari as their surname but do not exclusively belong to indigenous people’s category.

Table 4: Distribution of Ethnic Groups in T2 Areas

Description No. Percentage A. Type of Community Terai high/middle caste 109 38.38 Hill Brahman/ Chhetri 70 24.64 Terai Dalit 27 9.50 Hill Janajati 29 10.21 Muslims 22 7.74 Tharu, Terai Janjati 4 1.41 Hill Dalit 3 1.05 Unidentified 20 7.04 B. Industry and Business Lumbini Distillery 1 Kishan Shakari Santha Ltd 1 Trimutri Itta 1 Total 287 Source: GBA, CAAN

117. The presence of multiple cultural groups and significant presence of hill population (Brahmin/ Chhetri 24.64%, Janajati 10.21%, and Dalit 1.05%) is an indication that the area is occupied by migrant communities from various areas. Among these identified AP there are no indigenous people in the project area. Although there are 29 APs of hill janjati, they are migrated from outside the area. 118. As per information of GBA project, during land acquisition process, only the inventory of land acquisition of T2 area was prepared, but no socio-economic survey of affected households was undertaken. Hence, in absence of socio-economic baseline information of affected persons (APs) it is not possible to get proper understanding of their socio-economic status and to carry out impact analysis on vulnerable including IPs.

J. Beneficial Impacts

119. The resettlement plan prepared for SATIDP (2013) recommended skill development training and employment opportunities for the vulnerable communities. The vulnerable communities will be benefitted by the training on skill and entrepreneur development in the tourist hub. Skill development training in agriculture sector and in commercial sector will be more beneficial. To benefit the APs and vulnerable from the development activities they should be given priority in employment, production and promotion of their indigenous knowledge system without hampering their cultural system.

120. As the GBA office reported that compensation package of land and assets, was provided

28 at the time of compensation payment. Similarly the trouble allowances for the labourers, transportation allowance of demolished materials, and replacement cost of assets were paid to APs. Project created a special economic category group as vulnerable community including indigenous people, women headed households, dalits, marginalized communities and people below poverty line. These people were put under special consideration with providing income restoration program extending skill development training and employment opportunity. It was considered that the APS will be given an equal chance to be participated in income restoration for livelihood. The income restoration will be applied immediately before and after relocation, and providing short-term allowances such as subsistence and/or disruption allowances, rental stipend, and shifting allowances were provided during the compensation distribution period.

121. To strengthen income restoration i) capacity building, enterprise training, and facilitating economic activities to vulnerable groups; (ii) training for self-employment to agricultural labourers; and (iii) preference in employment opportunity to the APs in construction work has been decided by GBA project authority.

Life Skill Training

122. The project office shared that different types of life skill training have been proposed to APs especially to the vulnerable groups in coordination with relevant training institution. The project will commence trainings after normalization of COVID-19 pandemic situation.

Employment Opportunity

123. According to the project office, preference will be given to the APs in construction work of T2, if they have desire to work. The APs will be secured for employment with a procedure of issuing an identity card. The project office will maintain a record of the all types trained APs and recommend them for employment as per their skills.

K. Adverse Impacts

124. Because of limitation of socio-economic baseline information, it is difficult to quantify adverse impact, if any. However, as reported by the project office and the APs there is no more anticipation of adverse impacts regarding land acquisition and compensation.

125. The commonly anticipated adverse impacts are abuse of compensation money, employment of child labor in construction sites, chance of local inflation in food items due to concentration of large number of labor at a host community, risk of spread of HIV/AIDs and COVID -19. It can also be envisaged that there may occur conflict between host community and the outside labor forces. All these adverse impacts can be mitigated through training and orientation.

III. CONSULTATION, GREIVANCES REDRESS MECHANISM I. Consultation

126. As per GBA project, series of consultative meetings were conducted with the APs by the CDO (Chief District Officer), Rupandehi and CAAN authority to fix the compensation rate in mediation of the Social Safeguard Officer.

127. Based on the information shared by contactable APs, the project office published a public 29 notice for land acquisition in national daily newspaper and also posted it in the GBA notice board. After the publication of land acquisition notice all APs became sensitive and started to consult the project office. This was a kind of information dissemination and two way flow of information. The APs asked for better rate of land valuation and subsistence allowances. A series of consultative meetings held between the APs and social safeguard specialist (SSS). Social Safeguard Specialist played a role of mediator and helped to the APs to link with the Compensation Determination Committee (headed by Chief District Officer) facilitating in resolution of conflict/issues during the process of land acquisition. The APs reported that there is no grievance regarding the compensation amount what they received, that was higher than the prevailing market price of land and other assets. Not only the land and structure’s cost there was support allowance and trouble allowance paid an incentive for the translocation of assets.

II. Grievances Redress

128. Grievances raised by stakeholders need to be managed through a transparent process, readily acceptable to all segments of affected communities and other stakeholders, at no cost and without retribution. The Grievances Redress Mechanism (GRM) works within existing legal and cultural frameworks, providing an additional opportunity to resolve grievances at the local, project level.

129. As reported, there was a Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) under the Project Director, GBA. This committee was activated during land acquisition and compensation distribution. In case of complicated grievances and the solution were not found out by this committee the cases were forwarded to CDO who is the chair of compensation determination committee. As reported by the GBA office the existing GRC is addressing grievances if there are any. As of July 2020, there was no reported grievance that is outstanding.

130. A Grievance Redress Committee will be established by the project office to receive, evaluate, and facilitate the resolution of affected people’s concerns, complaints, and grievances about the construction of T2. During the construction period, grievances of stakeholders will be addressed as below: a. First level: The first level and most accessible and immediate contact for the fastest resolve of grievances are the contractors, and supervision consultants on site. Prior to construction of any works, the Project Office GBA or its representative will ensure local community to inform them about the Project. If any complaints arise, the contractors, consultant can immediately resolve the complaint on site. Any person with a grievance related to the project works can contact the project to file a complaint. The project office will have a safeguards focal person to field and resolve complaints. The safeguards (environment and resettlement) focal person of contractor will document the complaint, and immediately address and resolve the issue within 1-2 days, if the complaint remains unresolved at the field level. The contractor may seek the assistance of the consultant safeguards specialists (the environmental specialist or social safeguards specialist) to resolve the issue. The safeguards focal person that a complaint was received, and whether it was resolved. The safeguards focal person will fully document the following information: (i) name of the person; (ii) date complaint was received; (iii) nature of complaint; (iv) location, and (v) how the complaint was resolved. b. Second level. If the grievance remains unresolved; the specialist of Consultant will forward the complaint to safeguards focal person of the project. The person filing the grievance will be notified by Consultant's safeguards focal person that the grievance was forwarded to the safeguards focal person of the project. The project will address the grievance. Grievances will be

30 resolved through continuous interactions with affected persons, and the PMIU will answer queries and resolve grievances regarding various issues including environmental or social impacts. Corrective measures will be undertaken at the field level by the PMIU safeguards focal person within 7 days. He/she will fully document the following information: (i) name of the person; (ii) date complaint was received; (iii) nature of complaint; (iv) location and (v) how the complaint was resolved c. Third level. In the event that a grievance is not addressed by the contractor, consultant, project office the affected person can seek legal redress of the grievance at appropriate court, which is the formal legal court system.

131. The GRM however does not prevent affected persons from seeking legal redress at any time.

IV. INSTITUTIONAL ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES 132. It is envisaged that Civil Aviation Authority Nepal (CAAN) will be the executive agency of proposed Airport Capacity Enhancement Sector Development Program (SDP). CAAN is responsible to develop and maintain the airports into operation.

133. CAAN will have necessary institutional arrangement for the implementation of the project at TIA and GBA independently. Based on experience of past projects, a set up for coordination at CAAN head office and another for implementation at project level are anticipated. A functional safeguard desk will be important at the project level for planning; monitoring and follow up of environment and social safeguard related issues and solution thereof.

134. CAAN is the executing agency of GBA. GBA is one of the National Pride Project (NPP) of CAAN. The Director of NPP is accountable to Director General of CAAN. The Director provides coordination of implementation of the NPPs through Project Coordination Unit. At the project level, Project Implementation Unit (PIU) has been established for the implementation of project. PIU is headed by Project Director, who is responsible for project management and implementation of the project.

135. A full-time safeguard officer (SO) is employed in the GBA project; who as in-charge of Land Acquisition Unit undertakes tasks of land acquisition and resettlement operations, and reports to the Project Director. The SO will oversee and manage social issues and social safeguards. Such person will work in close coordination with respective government line agencies and the Project. The Social Development Specialist (SDS), apart from others provided support to SO in conflict resolution during land acquisition. The role of SDS was helpful for monitoring and managing other social issues in the project that can be helpful to high level officials to address social safeguard issues in future.

136. Regarding any conflict related to social safeguard at any stage of the project implementation, the coordination of Project Director, GBA with Chief District Officer (CDO) is important. The Project Director will provide necessary documents to Chief District Officer (CDO) if there are any outstanding issues on land acquisition and compensation payment.

V. MONITORING & REPORTING

137. No involuntary resettlement and indigenous peoples related grievances have been reported at this stage. The PIU and DSC will continue to observe the field level activities to ensure 31 that social safeguard related issues and grievances raised during implementation are settled in a timely manner. Any problems or issues identified during implementation should be followed-up (including recommendation of mitigation measures); and learning from such issues must be recorded which would help to deal with issues more effectively.

138. Regarding any conflict related to social safeguard at any stage of the project If unanticipated social safeguards (involuntary resettlement and indigenous people) impacts are found during project implementation, the PIU will conduct a social impact assessment and update the DDR, including ensuring commensurate corrective actions are in place.

VI. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 139. Like other lands for development of original airport and on-going upgrading to regional international standard airport (i.e. GBA), the land for construction of terminal T2 areas has been acquired by CAAN using under own resources. The land acquisition process has been completed at the replacement cost for 89% of this land for T2 area. The land is also found to have no legacy issues and no encroachment. The ownership of this land has already been transferred to CAAN. Remaining one case of Lumbini distillery is also about to be settled after completion of few official work. As per CAAN, the land acquisition was undertaken without anticipation of ADB project (SDP). Hence, the process of social safeguard as per ADB SPS does not trigger in this case.

140. All APs moved away after receiving compensation of land acquisition. Presence of ethnic households from various groups in the project area denotes that the project area is occupied by diversified community after the airport operated.

141. The following recommendations are made for the implementation of the project:

• Incentives such as life skill training to be provided to the vulnerable groups and the APs those who need training and willing to take part. The proposed training and orientation program have been recommended to launch through CTEVT. The project will take responsibility to provide the training and orientation.

• Orientation and counseling on matters like HIV/ AIDs, human trafficking, child labor etc to be provided to the APs and community people for health and safety.

• Regular monitoring of all activities related to social safeguards to enhance beneficial impacts and to lessen adverse impacts on APs.

Annex – B.1 Inventory of Land Acquisition

Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal

South Asia Tourism Infrastructure Development Project

Upgrading of Gautam Buddha Airport Babarmahal, Kathmandu Project Implementation Unit Rupandehi, Bhairahawa List of Land Acquisition Acquisition Area S. Name and Cast of Compensation Municipality/ Gaunpalika Kitta No. No Land Owner Bigaha Kattha Dhur Payment Status 1 Om Prakash Thapa Siddhartha Municipality-10 277 0 0 10 Paid 2 Sunita Karna Siddhartha Municipality-10 211 0 0 10 Paid 3 Sakuntala Jaiswal Siddhartha Municipality-10 245 0 0 2 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 246 0 0 3 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 225 0 0 5 Paid 4 Rakhi Sarkar Siddhartha Municipality-10 231 0 0 10 Paid 5 Shree Mohar Ali Siddhartha Municipality-10 732 0 1 4 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 732 0 0 12 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 1369 0 1 8 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 1369 0 2 13 Paid 6 Sushila Chai Siddhartha Municipality-10 227 0 0 15 Paid 7 Shanti Khanal/Usha Siddhartha Municipality-10 254 0 0 10 Paid Karki Siddhartha Municipality-10 255 0 0 15.75 Paid 8 Sharada Pokharel Siddhartha Municipality-10 1181 0 0 11 Paid 9 Purnima Gurung Siddhartha Municipality-10 265 0 1 5 Paid 10 Rajesh Kumar Pandey Siddhartha Municipality-10 161 0 1 5 Paid 11 Rahul Agrawal Siddhartha Municipality-10 1286 0 2 0 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 0 2 10.5 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 1289 0 2 0 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 0 2 9 Paid 12 Sabita Gupta Kanu Siddhartha Municipality-10 242 0 0 10 Paid 13 Mira Devi Varma Siddhartha Municipality-10 1180 0 0 13 Paid 14 Tika Bahadur G.C. Siddhartha Municipality-10 352 0 0 15 Paid 15 Jyoti Kumari Ra.Ma. Siddhartha Municipality-10 1187 0 0 10 Paid 16 Jib Na. Adhikari Siddhartha Municipality-10 325 0 0 16.75 Paid 17 Kamala Rana Siddhartha Municipality-10 1173 0 0 10 Paid 18 Gajendra Prasad Siddhartha Municipality-10 162 0 0 15 Paid Tripathi Siddhartha Municipality-10 334 0 0 3 Paid 19 Hajrat Ali Siddhartha Municipality-10 1371 0 2 0 Paid 33

Siddhartha Municipality-10 0 4 0 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 734 0 2 0 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 0 0 5 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 1373 0 2 0 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 0 2 0 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 0 1 9 Paid 20 Laxmi Bhusal Pantha Siddhartha Municipality-10 1240 0 0 12 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 1241 0 0 4 Paid 21 Dil Bahadur Khatri Siddhartha Municipality-10 171 0 0 7 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 172 0 0 8 Paid 22 Ajit Khanal Siddhartha Municipality-10 326 0 0 16.5 Paid 23 Tara Harijan Siddhartha Municipality-10 1233 0 0 10 Paid 24 Sakila + Arbunisa Siddhartha Municipality-10 1250 0 0 6 Paid 25 Sakila Khatun Siddhartha Municipality-10 1248 0 0 10.5 Paid 26 Bishwas Saaru Magar Siddhartha Municipality-10 1222 0 0 10 Paid 27 Jagannath Baniya Siddhartha Municipality-10 1249 0 0 8 Paid 28 Daya Laxmi Sharma Siddhartha Municipality-10 318 0 1 0 Paid Paudel 29 Sabitun Nisa Mu. Siddhartha Municipality-10 158 0 0 10 Paid 30 Dil Bahadur Bai Siddhartha Municipality-10 150 0 2 2 Paid Chhe.,including 6 beneficiary Siddhartha Municipality-10 0 1 14.5 Paid 31 Janga Bahadur Siddhartha Municipality-10 142 0 3 10 Paid Gurung 32 Sushila Kumari Bagale Siddhartha Municipality-10 117 0 0 10 Paid 33 Punam Baniya Siddhartha Municipality-10 1111 0 0 10 Paid 34 Geeta Kumari Saarki Siddhartha Municipality-10 1201 0 1 0 Paid 35 Santaram, Sunari Siddhartha Municipality-10 771 0 7 0 Paid Lodh 36 Sita Tiwari Siddhartha Municipality-10 330 0 1 0 Paid 37 Trailokya Pratap Sen Siddhartha Municipality-10 1377 0 2 0 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 0 4 4.5 Paid 38 Narayan K.C. Siddhartha Municipality-10 283 0 0 5 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 281 0 0 10 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 311 0 0 10 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 319 0 0 5 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 332 0 0 15 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 333 0 0 10 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 328 0 0 7 Paid 39 Amit Kumar Gupta Siddhartha Municipality-10 1375 0 2 0 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 0 4 5 Paid 40 Shiv Shankar Kalwar Siddhartha Municipality-10 1305 0 4 1 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 0 2 2 Paid 41 Mina Nagarkoti Siddhartha Municipality-10 291 0 0 6 Paid 42 Nawaraj Pangeni Siddhartha Municipality-10 327 0 0 13 Paid

Siddhartha Municipality-10 329 0 0 10 Paid 43 Ram Kshetri Siddhartha Municipality-10 269 0 2 10 Paid 44 Nandakala Subedi Siddhartha Municipality-10 60 0 0 6 Paid 45 Chitra Gurung Siddhartha Municipality-10 180 0 0 15 Paid 46 Suresh / Sunil / Sushil Siddhartha Municipality-10 100 0 11 14 Paid Adhikari Siddhartha Municipality-10 220 0 0 12.25 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 201 0 9 0 Paid 47 Chanari Devi Kahaar Siddhartha Municipality-10 272 0 0 5 Paid 48 Geeta Shrestha Siddhartha Municipality-10 157 0 0 15 Paid 49 Gangotri Barai Siddhartha Municipality-10 1123 0 0 15 Paid 50 Siddhartha Municipality-10 1124 0 1 0 Paid 51 Yam Bahadur Karki Siddhartha Municipality-10 247 0 2 0 Paid 52 Jamuna Devi Ghimire Siddhartha Municipality-10 579 0 0 17 Paid 53 Harishchandra Tripathi Siddhartha Municipality-10 261 0 0 6 Paid 54 Narayan Kshetri Siddhartha Municipality-10 221 0 1 0 Paid 56 Min Bahadur Kshetri Siddhartha Municipality-10 314 0 2 12.5 Paid 57 Aashi Kumari Siddhartha Municipality-10 252 0 1 0 Paid Chaudhary 58 Ram Newas Prasad Siddhartha Municipality-10 124 0 1 0 Paid Bhar Siddhartha Municipality-10 174 0 0 10 Paid 59 Madhu Kumari Jyawali Siddhartha Municipality-10 184 0 0 10 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 185 0 1 0 Paid 60 Sharada Devi Pachhai Siddhartha Municipality-10 321 0 1 10 Paid 61 Juweda Khatun Siddhartha Municipality-10 1214 0 0 6.5 Paid 62 Raj Kumari Chamaar Siddhartha Municipality-10 241 0 1 10 Paid 63 Lotu Gosain Siddhartha Municipality-10 707 0 1 2 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 0 1 18 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 1262 0 0 13 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 0 0 18.75 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 1258 0 0 5 Paid 64 Devi Khatri Siddhartha Municipality-10 250 0 0 10 Paid 65 Krishna Bahadur Siddhartha Municipality-10 243 0 0 10 Paid Khadka 66 Tek Bahadur Khatri Siddhartha Municipality-10 250 0 0 10 Paid 67 Rajmati Tripathi Siddhartha Municipality-10 187 0 1 0 Paid 68 Dil Kumari Gurung Siddhartha Municipality-10 32 0 0 10 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 142 0 2 7.5 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 142 0 1 8.5 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 119 0 0 3.75 Paid 69 Pushpa Khadka Siddhartha Municipality-10 1382 0 0 3.5 Paid Kshetri 70 Postraj Jyawali Siddhartha Municipality-10 133 0 2 0 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 0 0 4.25 Paid 71 Siddhartha Municipality-10 303 0 0 8.75 Paid 35

72 Shree Prakash Siddhartha Municipality-10 1194 0 0 10 Paid Pandey Siddhartha Municipality-10 331 0 1 0 Paid 73 Harishchandra Kalwar Siddhartha Municipality-10 91 0 0 3.25 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 105 0 0 6.25 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 90 0 0 3.25 Paid 74 Shraddha Agrawal Siddhartha Municipality-10 1261 0 0 9.25 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 0 1 6 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 138 0 1 2 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 0 1 4 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 1260 0 0 8.75 Paid 75 Brijesh Mani Tripathi Siddhartha Municipality-10 164 0 0 10 Paid 76 Ram Das Chai Siddhartha Municipality-10 1380 0 2 0 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 0 0 16.75 Paid 77 Trimurti Itaa Siddhartha Municipality-10 1394 0 1 16 Paid (Chetmaan Shrestha) 78 Bindhyachal Barai Siddhartha Municipality-10 276 0 0 15 Paid 79 Sanjay Kumar Baniya Siddhartha Municipality-10 226 0 0 10 Paid 80 Dhrubaraj Pokharel Siddhartha Municipality-10 1221 0 1 0 Paid 81 Netra Kumar Siddhartha Municipality-10 178 0 1 11 Paid Rayamajhi Siddhartha Municipality-10 179 0 2 14 Paid 82 Mahendra Koiri Siddhartha Municipality-10 456 0 0 6 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 39 0 1 2 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 140 0 1 7 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 141 0 1 4 Paid 83 Om Prakash Koiri Siddhartha Municipality-10 1304 0 6 14 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 0 4 0 Paid 84 Ramchandra Yadav Siddhartha Municipality-10 188 0 0 10 Paid 85 Ashok Kumar Singh Siddhartha Municipality-10 188 0 0 10 Paid Kshetri 86 Mira Kumari Singh Siddhartha Municipality-10 189 0 0 10 Paid 87 Krishna Prasad Kurmi Siddhartha Municipality-10 138 0 1 2 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 337 0 0 15.5 Paid 88 Anjana Gautam Siddhartha Municipality-10 305 0 0 10.5 Paid 89 Sabitri Gupta Siddhartha Municipality-10 315 0 0 5 Paid 90 Ram Prasad Ahir Siddhartha Municipality-10 72 0 5 9 Paid 91 Dilip Kumar Pandey Siddhartha Municipality-10 1092 0 6 0 Paid 92 Pradip Kumar Pandey Siddhartha Municipality-10 816 0 5 1 Paid 93 Anita Chaudhary Siddhartha Municipality-10 206 0 0 10 Paid 94 Ramesh Kurmi Siddhartha Municipality-10 1085 0 2 0 Paid Ram Belash Ahir Siddhartha Municipality-10 274 0 0 5 Paid 95 Dhurba Haluwai Siddhartha Municipality-10 2810 0 0 4.5 Paid 96 Bimala Disha Thapa Siddhartha Municipality-10 1118 0 0 10 Paid 97 Gupta Bahadur Gaha Siddhartha Municipality-10 1117 0 0 15 Paid

98 Taramati Kalwar Siddhartha Municipality-10 1200 0 0 12.5 Paid 100 Rem Bahadur, Siddhartha Municipality-10 154 0 3 17 Paid Roshan Bahadur Gurung Siddhartha Municipality-10 0 3 19.25 Paid 101 Tej Bahadur G.C. Siddhartha Municipality-10 237 0 5 16.5 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 324 0 2 13.25 Paid 102 Ram Subhag Harijan Siddhartha Municipality-10 471 0 1 1 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 472 0 0 8 Paid 103 Mina Harijan Siddhartha Municipality-10 299 0 0 12 Paid 104 Birbal Loniya Siddhartha Municipality-10 273 0 2 9 Paid 105 Maite Gurung Siddhartha Municipality-10 64 0 0 1.25 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 39 0 0 6 Paid 106 Harischandra Prasad Siddhartha Municipality-10 273 0 0 5 Paid Baniya Siddhartha Municipality-10 216 0 0 10 Paid 107 Pralhad Kurmi Siddhartha Municipality-10 1086 0 2 0 Paid 108 Indrajeet Brijbaasi Siddhartha Municipality-10 175 0 1 5 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 1131 0 2 0 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 0 3 4 Paid 109 Om Nath Chai Siddhartha Municipality-10 172 0 5 11 Paid 110 Baburam Ahir Siddhartha Municipality-10 249 0 3 1 Paid 111 Naajima Khatun Siddhartha Municipality-10 1232 0 0 6 Paid 112 Chandramani Ahir Siddhartha Municipality-10 176 0 5 4 Paid (Yadav) 113 Yam Kumari K.C. Siddhartha Municipality-10 1277 0 0 16 Paid 114 Banshi Brijbaasi Siddhartha Municipality-10 763 0 0 10 Paid 115 Parshuram Chai Siddhartha Municipality-10 273 0 0 6.25 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 0 0 5 Paid 116 Jokhu Prasad Yadav, Siddhartha Municipality-10 198 0 6 6 Paid Nauki Yadav Siddhartha Municipality-10 198 0 5 0 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 0 1 17 Paid 117 Bhim Bahadur Gurung Siddhartha Municipality-10 144 0 2 0 Paid (Maya) Siddhartha Municipality-10 0 1 3.5 Paid 118 Kanchan Kohaar Siddhartha Municipality-10 89 0 0 3.25 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 104 0 0 6.25 Paid 119 Arjun Prasad Koiri Siddhartha Municipality-10 277 0 0 17 Paid (inclusive) 120 Jyani Bishowkarma Siddhartha Municipality-10 264 0 0 10 Paid

121 Awadhraj Yadav Siddhartha Municipality-10 1144 0 0 10 Paid

122 Prem Bahadur Thapa Siddhartha Municipality-10 214 0 1 0 Paid

123 Brijesh Kumar Siddhartha Municipality-10 1059 0 2 7 Paid Agrawal 124 Dolraj Sharma Siddhartha Municipality-10 942 0 2 4 Paid

Siddhartha Municipality-10 0 0 10 Paid 37

125 Surya Bahadur Siddhartha Municipality-10 182 0 1 0 Paid Khadka 126 Chitra Devi Shah Siddhartha Municipality-10 487 0 9 9 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 2 7 1 Paid 127 Padma Devi Adhikari Siddhartha Municipality-10 907 0 0 13 Paid 128 Durga Pokharel Siddhartha Municipality-10 212 0 0 10 Paid 129 Sabitri Kalwar Siddhartha Municipality-10 288 0 0 0.75 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 288 0 3 12 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 366 0 0 15.25 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 366 0 3 12 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 0 9 10.25 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 270 0 0 14 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 0 1 9 Paid 130 Laxmi Devi Siddhartha Municipality-10 168 0 0 6 Paid 131 Pushpa Singh Kshetri Siddhartha Municipality-10 298 0 0 10 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 313 0 0 10 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 267 0 0 10 Paid 132 Kisaan Sahakari Siddhartha Municipality-10 183 0 1 5 Paid Sanstha Ltd. 133 Gauri Devi Bistha Siddhartha Municipality-10 1439 0 1 4 Paid 134 Ajibun Nisa Siddhartha Municipality-10 422 0 0 11 Paid 135 Aasha Baniya Siddhartha Municipality-10 258 0 0 5 Paid 136 Tasalimun Nisa Siddhartha Municipality-10 160 0 0 18 Paid Musalmaan 137 Jalekha Dhuniyayeen Siddhartha Municipality-10 301 0 0 6 Paid 138 Sapana Khati Paudel Siddhartha Municipality-10 92 0 0 3.75 Paid Kshetri 139 Bindu Bahadur Paudel Siddhartha Municipality-10 136 0 0 7.5 Paid Kshetri Bijay Bahadur Paudel 140 Waanchung Koiri Siddhartha Municipality-10 620 0 0 8.5 Paid 141 Kedar Nath Siddhartha Municipality-10 1160 0 0 10 Paid Chaudhary 142 Lal Bihari Yadav Siddhartha Municipality-10 268 0 5 8 Paid Samet 143 Sharada Rana Magar Siddhartha Municipality-10 1231 0 0 8.5 Paid 144 Surjaman Yadav Siddhartha Municipality-10 235 0 0 4 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 923 0 0 2.25 Paid 145 Jamuna Devi Ghimire Siddhartha Municipality-10 579 0 4 0 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 0 6 4 Paid 146 Narayani Gaire Siddhartha Municipality-10 1430 0 0 10 Paid 147 Bindhyabasini Pandey Siddhartha Municipality-10 166 0 0 10 Paid 148 Bhumi Raj Resmi Siddhartha Municipality-10 267 0 3 11 Paid Magar Samet 149 Jogendra Lohaar Siddhartha Municipality-10 1216 0 0 6.5 Paid 150 Dhurup Ram Barai Siddhartha Municipality-10 2099 0 6 13 Paid 151 Rajaram Ahir Siddhartha Municipality-10 1387 0 1 5 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 1388 0 2 0 Paid

Siddhartha Municipality-10 0 0 2 Paid 152 Ram Danab Koiri Siddhartha Municipality-10 205 0 1 5 Paid 153 Kaushilya Yadav Siddhartha Municipality-10 128 0 1 19 Paid 154 Chandramani Ahir Siddhartha Municipality-10 986 0 0 13 Paid Yadav Siddhartha Municipality-10 984 0 0 5.5 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 231 0 0 7.5 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 988 0 2 2.5 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 990 0 2 5.5 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 0 0 2 Paid 155 Kapildev Gosain Siddhartha Municipality-10 1403 0 0 11.5 Paid

156 Keshav Harijan Siddhartha Municipality-10 1436 0 0 2 Paid

157 Dila Kumari Bagale Siddhartha Municipality-10 1385 0 1 0 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 1384 0 2 0 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 0 2 6 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 287 0 1 0 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 0 1 15 Paid 158 Chanrika Kewat Siddhartha Municipality-10 1004 0 0 10 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 1006 0 0 15 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 1008 0 0 5 Paid 159 Naramaya Magar Siddhartha Municipality-10 238 0 1 10 Paid 160 Chandramani Marasini Siddhartha Municipality-10 1224 0 0 12.5 Paid 161 Kamalawati Beldar Siddhartha Municipality-10 181 0 0 11.00 Paid 162 Jagat Kumari Paudel Siddhartha Municipality-10 152 0 2 7 Paid and Krishna Bahadur Paudel (benificiary of Siddhartha Municipality-10 0 0 16 Paid Lok Bahadur Paudel), waresh of Laxman Bahadur Paudel and Ram Bahadur Paudel 163 Mohan Bahadur Siddhartha Municipality-10 265 0 4 0 Paid Rayamajhi 164 Madhawi Bhatta Siddhartha Municipality-10 1101 0 0 18 Paid 165 Bhagawati Kumal Siddhartha Municipality-10 1179 0 0 10 Paid 166 Jethu Beldar, Mohan Siddhartha Municipality-10 155 0 2 6 Paid Beldar Siddhartha Municipality-10 161 0 0 18 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 163 0 1 1 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 171 0 1 12 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 165 0 0 5 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 166 0 1 2 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 140 0 1 1 Paid 167 Nirmala Devi Siddhartha Municipality-10 199 0 0 15 Paid Maharjan 168 Masahur Aalam Nau Siddhartha Municipality-10 1109 0 1 0 Paid waresh, Salma Khatun 169 Rajesh Jaiswal Siddhartha Municipality-10 1195 0 0 10 Paid 39

170 Khum Bahadur Kewat Siddhartha Municipality-10 1115 0 0 15 Paid 171 Chandra Kesh Kewat Siddhartha Municipality-10 1005 0 0 10 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 1007 0 0 15 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 1009 0 0 5 Paid 172 Ram Briksha Bhar and Siddhartha Municipality-10 125 0 0 12 Paid Bindrawati Bhar Siddhartha Municipality-10 154 0 0 15 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 156 0 0 18 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 160 0 0 10 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 164 0 0 7 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 168 0 0 12 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 182 0 0 10 Paid 173 Raju Chaurasiya, Siddhartha Municipality-10 1125 0 0 10 Paid waresh Rabindra Yadav 174 Dil Bahadur Gurung, Siddhartha Municipality-10 81 0 0 11 Paid waresh Krishna Bahadur Gurung 175 Naresh Chamaar Siddhartha Municipality-10 291 0 3 7.5 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 0 2 4 Paid 176 Suminja Devi Gosain Siddhartha Municipality-10 753 0 0 4.5 Paid 177 Mewati Baniya Siddhartha Municipality-10 1159 0 0 10 Paid 178 Karuna Lama Siddhartha Municipality-10 1145 0 2 0 Paid 179 Khim Bahadur Gaaha Siddhartha Municipality-10 1122 0 1 10 Paid

180 Mohammad Salim Siddhartha Municipality-10 209 0 0 10 Paid

181 Surya Prasad Kunwar Siddhartha Municipality-10 234 0 0 14.75 Paid

182 Shyam Pyari Kalwar Siddhartha Municipality-10 1243 0 0 14 Paid

183 Dhan Kumari Gurung Siddhartha Municipality-10 146 0 2 0 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 0 1 6.25 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 256 0 0 10 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 973 0 0 11.5 Paid 184 Raj Kumari Gurung Siddhartha Municipality-10 974 0 0 11.5 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 175 0 0 3 Paid 185 Ram Karan Kewat Siddhartha Municipality-10 169 0 0 7 Paid 186 Ram Sewak Chai Siddhartha Municipality-10 956 0 3 19 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 0 1 18.5 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 958 Paid 187 Babunnar Baniya Siddhartha Municipality-10 121 0 2 14 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 0 0 4 Paid 188 Bishnu Maya Pantha Siddhartha Municipality-10 1193 0 1 0 Paid 189+ Ganesh Brijbaasi Siddhartha Municipality-10 762 0 0 10 Paid 190 Santalal Ahir Siddhartha Municipality-10 292 0 4 0 Paid 191 Chandramani Ahir Siddhartha Municipality-10 1449 0 2 0 Paid Yadav Siddhartha Municipality-10 0 2 19 Paid

192 Nanduram Bhar Siddhartha Municipality-10 170 0 0 7 Paid 193 Sayeda Khatun Siddhartha Municipality-10 193 0 0 11 Paid 194 Surendramani Murav Siddhartha Municipality-10 1420 0 0 2 Paid 195 Ramauti Nisa Nauni Siddhartha Municipality-10 1213 0 0 6 Paid 196 Momina Nau Siddhartha Municipality-10 1217 0 0 7 Paid 197 Inraji Kurmi Siddhartha Municipality-10 447 0 1 4 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 396 0 7 3 Paid 198 Siddhartha Municipality-10 38 0 0 10 Paid 199 Purna Bahadur Siddhartha Municipality-10 589 0 0 10 Paid Rayamajhi 199 Rukmini Nau Siddhartha Municipality-10 289 0 0 6 Paid 201 Kaushilya Yadav Siddhartha Municipality-10 173 0 0 18 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 1460 0 0 17.75 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 145 0 5 0 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 1458 0 0 6.25 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 1456 0 0 11.25 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 981 0 0 7.5 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 987 0 2 2.5 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 989 0 2 7.5 Paid 202 Mohan Bahadur Siddhartha Municipality-10 1396 0 0 6 Paid Rayamajhi Siddhartha Municipality-10 1397 0 2 0 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 0 2 15.5 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 120 0 2 12 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 897 0 1 0 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 898 0 1 0 Paid 203 Dinesh Lal Shribastav Siddhartha Municipality-10 606 0 0 6 Paid

204 Ram Samujh Ahir Siddhartha Municipality-10 595 0 1 16.5 Paid (Yadav) 205 Yam Bahadur Karki Siddhartha Municipality-10 1480 0 0 13.5 Paid

206 Rikabun Nisa Phakir Siddhartha Municipality-10 1212 0 0 10 Paid

207 Seema Baral Siddhartha Municipality-10 1169 0 0 10 Paid

208 Datte Murab Siddhartha Municipality-10 938 0 0 5.5 Paid

209 Kedarmati Koiri Siddhartha Municipality-10 1463 0 0 1.75 Paid

210 Paras Aryal Siddhartha Municipality-10 203 0 0 10 Paid

211 Shrutidhar Tripathi Siddhartha Municipality-10 208 0 0 10 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 295 0 0 1 Paid 212 Netra Kumar Siddhartha Municipality-10 1234 0 0 18 Paid Rayamajhi Siddhartha Municipality-10 1454 0 2 0 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 0 0 8 Paid 213 Jamuna Thapa Siddhartha Municipality-10 1202 0 0 10 Paid 214 Ramchandra Murab Siddhartha Municipality-10 1472 0 0 2 Paid 215 Sohawati Loniya Siddhartha Municipality-10 1026 0 0 1.75 Paid 41

216 Ram Naseeb Kurmi Siddhartha Municipality-10 971 0 0 2.5 Paid 217 Hansha Bahadur Siddhartha Municipality-10 1476 0 0 2 Paid Murab 218 Sitaram Murab Siddhartha Municipality-10 1474 0 0 2 Paid 219 Gujarati Kahaar Siddhartha Municipality-10 1207 0 0 8 Paid 220 Prithiviraj Pandey Siddhartha Municipality-10 1296 0 5 0 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 0 1 3 Paid 212 Sabitri Chai Siddhartha Municipality-10 1045 0 4 0 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 208 0 0 8 Paid 222 Mina Harijan Siddhartha Municipality-10 1167 0 1 0 Paid 223 Dulari Lohaayeen Siddhartha Municipality-10 625 0 0 13.75 Paid 224 Sarali Ahir Siddhartha Municipality-10 191 0 3 8 Paid 225 Basanti Devi Koiri Siddhartha Municipality-10 637 0 0 13 Paid 226 Hardhwar Koiri Siddhartha Municipality-10 626 0 3 0.5 Paid 227 Prem Lata Dube Siddhartha Municipality-10 165 0 0 10 Paid 228 Mubarak Aalam Nau Siddhartha Municipality-10 1215 0 0 6.5 Paid Musalmaan 229 Mayadevi Mahila Siddhartha Municipality-10 174 0 0 6.5 Paid Samuha 230 Chhatra Bahadur Siddhartha Municipality-10 310 0 3 0 Paid Shrestha 231 Gaya Prasad Murau Siddhartha Municipality-10 1090 0 2 0 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 0 2 13.75 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 1087 0 0 0.25 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 1087 0 0 3.75 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 1188 0 1 2 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 0 0 18 Paid 232 Durga Murau Siddhartha Municipality-10 1091 0 7 16 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 1088 0 0 19.75 Paid 233 Lal Bahadur Brijbaasi, Siddhartha Municipality-10 1496 0 0 19 Paid waresh Indrajeet Brijbaasi 234 Lallu Murab Siddhartha Municipality-10 1120 0 0 9.5 Paid 235 Baliram Chai Siddhartha Municipality-10 724 0 1 4 Paid 236 Ram Milan Yadav Ahir Siddhartha Municipality-10 1033 0 1 16.5 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 1031 0 0 15.25 Paid 237 Parsi Kurmi Siddhartha Municipality-10 180 0 2 1 Paid 238 Chhabi Nath Murab Siddhartha Municipality-10 1093 0 5 0 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 1089 0 0 11.25 Paid 239 Dhan Bahadur Thapa Siddhartha Municipality-10 158 0 0 13 Paid 240 Jethu Beldar, Mohan Siddhartha Municipality-10 1422 0 0 6 Paid Beldar Siddhartha Municipality-10 1424 0 0 10 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 1426 0 0 13 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 1428 0 1 4 Paid 241 Sudhara Kurmi Siddhartha Municipality-10 196 0 0 8 Paid 242 Shashi Raj Ghimire Siddhartha Municipality-10 1488 0 0 8.5 Paid

243 Janardan Shukla Siddhartha Municipality-10 177 0 0 10.5 Paid

244 Radhika Koiri Siddhartha Municipality-10 398 0 1 3.25 Paid

245 Chhabba Devi Beldar Siddhartha Municipality-10 162 0 0 17 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 177 0 0 18 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 949 0 0 10 Paid 246 Somana Mallah Siddhartha Municipality-10 191 0 0 10 Paid 247 Tribeni Koiyeeri Siddhartha Municipality-10 1061 0 0 1 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 1063 0 0 6 Paid 248 Abdur Rab Siddhartha Municipality-10 194 0 0 11 Paid Musalmaan 249 Bihari Lodh, Ramrati Siddhartha Municipality-10 274 0 1 3 Paid Lodh Siddhartha Municipality-10 470 0 0 10 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 473 0 0 8 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 79 0 0 10 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 1070 0 1 2 Paid 250 Ramdas Chai Siddhartha Municipality-10 745 0 0 3 Paid 251 Rikhi Devi Agrawal Siddhartha Municipality-10 790 0 2 0 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 0 1 6.25 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 0 0 10 Paid 252 Gulaincha Gosain Siddhartha Municipality-10 752 0 0 5 Paid 253 Sahadev Tiwari Siddhartha Municipality-10 179 0 0 10 Paid 254 Jagat Kumari Paudel Siddhartha Municipality-10 796 0 2 1 Paid Kshetri, Krishna Bahadur Paudel Siddhartha Municipality-10 0 0 16.5 Paid Kshetri, Laxman Siddhartha Municipality-10 201 0 2 0 Paid Bahadur Paudel Kshetri and Ram Siddhartha Municipality-10 0 0 1.25 Paid Bahadur Paudel Kshetri (Late Lok Siddhartha Municipality-10 1478 0 2 0 Paid Bahadur Paudel Siddhartha Municipality-10 0 0 14 Paid Kshetri) 255 Mohammad Salim Siddhartha Municipality-10 1239 0 1 5 Paid Nau 256 Ramsamuj Ahir Yadav Siddhartha Municipality-10 1032 0 0 15.25 Paid Chandra Jyoti Barai Siddhartha Municipality-10 297 0 0 15 Paid 257 Shyam Mohan Koiri Siddhartha Municipality-10 619 0 0 8.5 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 728 0 0 9 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 90 0 0 16 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 568 0 1 17 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 908 0 1 17 Paid 258 Rajindra Koiri Siddhartha Municipality-10 1113 0 2 0 Paid 259 Ram Danab Koiri Siddhartha Municipality-10 202 0 1 3.5 Paid 260 Dev Narayan Koiri Siddhartha Municipality-10 130 0 1 15 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 1466 0 1 5 Paid 261 Awadhraj Muraab Siddhartha Municipality-10 1051 0 3 10 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 0 2 10 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 195 0 0 3.25 Paid 43

Siddhartha Municipality-10 1041 0 4 17.5 Paid 262 Gauri Shankar Kshetri Siddhartha Municipality-10 215 0 1 0 Paid 263 Jhinki Chai Siddhartha Municipality-10 169 0 4 9 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 580 0 0 11 Paid 264 Shankar Ahir, Sugrim Siddhartha Municipality-10 135 0 1 13 Paid Ahir, Shiva Pujan Ahir (Yadav) Siddhartha Municipality-10 0 0 5 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 0 0 12 Paid 265 Sheshman Kalbar Siddhartha Municipality-10 1227 0 0 10 Paid 266 Damodar Bajracharya Siddhartha Municipality-10 201 0 1 0 Paid 267 Santalal Ahir Siddhartha Municipality-10 495 0 1 5 Paid 268 Sarali Ahir Siddhartha Municipality-10 187 0 2 2 Paid 269 Jannu Nisa Siddhartha Municipality-10 397 0 1 8 Paid 270 Hardhwar Koiri Siddhartha Municipality-10 639 0 0 14 Paid 271 Sanjay Gurung Siddhartha Municipality-10 237 0 0 9 Paid 272 Raj Narayan Murab Siddhartha Municipality-10 1516 0 0 15 Paid 273 Ram Sudhan Koiri Siddhartha Municipality-10 1023 0 0 4.5 Paid 274 Dayaram Kohaar Siddhartha Municipality-10 1512 0 0 0.25 Paid 275 Gobinda Bahadur Bhujauli 9Ka 293 0 0 7 Paid Gajmer 276 Tilak Dhari Beldar Siddhartha Municipality-10 950 0 0 10 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 139 0 1 1 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 167 0 0 10 Paid 277 Aadrit Bahadur Shah Siddhartha Municipality-10 206 0 1 16 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 212 0 2 3 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 0 4 13 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 254 0 2 16 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 1533 0 0 13.5 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 1530 0 3 4 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 0 1 9 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 1531 0 2 12 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 0 0 13.5 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 1521 0 4 18 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 0 3 8 Paid 278 Rana Bahadur Shah Siddhartha Municipality-10 924 0 0 1.5 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 925 0 0 1.25 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 927 0 0 2.5 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 928 0 0 2.5 Paid 279 Bindu Kumari Siddhartha Municipality-10 205 0 0 10 Paid Chaudhary 280 Basanti Devi Koiri Siddhartha Municipality-10 1545 0 1 0 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 634 0 1 0 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 0 0 11 Paid 281 Ganga Ram Koiri Siddhartha Municipality-10 1543 0 0 19.75 Paid

282 Bihari Lodh Siddhartha Municipality-10 10 0 0 4.13 Paid 283 Balendu Tripathi Siddhartha Municipality-10 296 0 1 5 Paid 284 Sabitri Tripathi Siddhartha Municipality-10 218 0 0 13.50 Paid Siddhartha Municipality-10 219 0 1 0 Paid 285 Sabitri Tripathi Siddhartha Municipality-10 195 0 0 12 Paid 286 Hardhwar Koiri Siddhartha Municipality-10 1541 0 1 0 Paid 287 Lumbini Distillery Siddhartha Municipality-10 251 0 3 0 Payment to be made including Siddhartha Municipality-10 252 0 1 15 building Siddhartha Municipality-10 250 0 0 10 Siddhartha Municipality-10 249 0 0 6 Siddhartha Municipality-10 1037 1 19 10 Siddhartha Municipality-10 1023 0 0 13 Siddhartha Municipality-10 1019 0 3 18 Siddhartha Municipality-10 1021 0 8 0 Siddhartha Municipality-10 546 1 4 15 Total 4 493 3714.8 8 Grand Total of Total 38 0 15 25.76 ha

Conversion

1 Bigha = 6,772.41 sqm

1 Katha = 338.62 sqm 1 Dhur = 16.93 sqm 45

Annex-B.2 Land and Property Valuation

Land and Property valuation by CDC (Year 2018) Ward Rate per Kattha* S. No. Municipality Types of Land no. (NRs.) 1. Siddharthanagar 2 1,600,000.00 2. Siddharthanagar 4 2,000,000.00 3. Siddharthanagar 6 2,400,000.00 Land without road access 4. Siddharthanagar 10 1,600,000.00 5. Siddharthanagar 10 2,000,000.00 6. Siddharthanagar 11 1,200,000.00 Land with road access 7. Siddharthanagar 4 Lumbini road 459,000.00 8. Siddharthanagar 10 Lumbini Road 432,000.00 9. Siddharthanagar 1 Lumbini road 405,000.00 10. Siddharthanagar 4 Lumbini road 324,000.00 11. Siddharthanagar 4 Rural road 270,000.00 12. Siddharthanagar 4 Rural Road 243,000.00 13. Siddharthanagar 4 Rural road 242,000.00 14. Siddharthanagar 10 Kachahari Sankarapur 220,000.00 15. Siddharthanagar 2 Kachahari Kishorpur 198,000.00 16. Siddharthanagar 4, 10 Mayadevi Chowk 220,000.00 17. Siddharthanagar 4 Kachaharwa village road 270,000.00 18. Siddharthanagar 4 Kacharwa Village road 220,000.00 19. Siddharthanagar 4 Kacharwa Kishorpur 286,000.00 20. Siddharthanagar 6 Kacharwa Kishorapur 176,000.00 21. Siddharthanagar 10 Dogahara Shankarkapur 216,000.00 22. Siddharthanagar 10 Shankarapur village road 176,000.00 23. Siddharthanagar 10 Shankarapur village road 216,000.00 24. Siddharthanagar 10 Dharampur village road 176,000.00 25. Siddharthanagar 10 Dharampur village road 220,000.00 26. Siddharthanagar 10 Dharampur Village road 162,000.00 27. Siddharthanagar 10 Dogahari Village road 216,000.00 27. Siddharthanagar 10 Dogahari Village road 176,000.00 28. Siddharthanagar 10 Lumbini Road 220,000.00

Hatibangain Rural Municipality 29. Hatibangai 1, 7 No road access 120,000.00 30. Hatibangai 8 No road access 120,000.00 31. Hatibangai 1 Lumbini Road 405,000.00 32. Hatibangai 1,7 Marchawar Road 242,000.00 33. Hatibangai 1,7,8, Rural residential land 162,000.00 34. Hatibangai 1,7,8, Village road 132,000.00 Valuation for Structures Structure types based on Construction Material Used Rate per Sq. feet (NRs) RCC frame structure 3,000.00 RCC / Plaster without painting 2,930.00

Load bearing wall slab casting 2,375.00 Brick mud wall plaster and slab casting 2,220.00 Brick Mud wall and GI Sheet roof 1,960.00 Bamboo wall , Thatched/clay tile roof 800.00 Other Assets

Head pump per set (70 meter depth) 76,780.00 Boring for irrigation Per set 40 ft 46,565.00 Boring for irrigation Per set 70 ft 138,335.00 Biogas 20 cubic meter 75,000.00

CDC: Compensation Determination Committee 47

Annex-B.3 Displacement Allowance

Summary of Displacement Allowances Items Cost (NRs) Different types of factories that are not in operation paid after As per valuation of Department deduction of depreciation Housing & Urban Development Housing allowances for demolished houses (Lump Sum)LS 500,000 Transportation cost for debris LS 200,000 Allowances equal to 90 days wage to the agriculture labour as per district wage rate LS 42,750 Relocation of Rice mills LS 300,000 Relocation of Petrol Pump LS 500,000 Relocation of Grocery shop on the basis of investment and structure types LS 25,000 to 200,000 Fish ponds LS 10,000

Annex-B.4 Compensated Types of Trees

Summary of compensated types of Trees Tree Type Girth Rate (NRs) Mango and Jack fruit 6 inch to 1ft 3,750.00 1 ft to 2 ft 7,500.00

2ft to 4 ft 15,000.00 4 ft plus 18,750.00 Fodder and fire wood 6 inch to 1ft 2,500.00 1ft- 2ft 5,000.00

2ft-4ft 10,000.00 4 ft plus 12,500.00 Bamboo Per piece 250 250.00

Annex C: Photographs (circa land acquisition)

Interaction between APs and Project Director at GBA Office, Bhairahawa (May 27, 2017)

Presentation of Land acquisition status and information dissemination among the representatives of APs and local political leaders (Dec 27, 2016)

Social Safeguard Officer conducting Consultation meeting with the Affected Persons (June 17, 2017)

Part III CORRECTIVE ACTIONS

I. CORRECTIVE ACTIONS FOR TIA & GBA IC

A. Corrective Actions for TIA Investment Component

1. On the basis of discussion with TIA IC Project Office the following corrective actions are recommended to address potential social impacts related to construction of TIA IC (Hangar Aprons and Parallel Taxiway):

S.N. Issues Action Needed Timeline Responsibility 1 Right to information to the Consultation and As needed, during TIA IC, PMIU community affected by dissemination of the construction (Project project construction information to the period Management communities Implementation Unit)/CAAN 2 Conflict between host Consultation, During contractor's Contractor community and the orientation with/to the mobilization (e.g. construction labor force host community and establishment of Monitoring the labor forces contractor's Construction focused on social and temporary facilities) Supervision cultural differences, and throughout Consultant (CSC), conflict resolution contract period PMIU 3 Maintenance of Public Regular and proper Throughout contract Contractors Road (e.g. Kandaghari-maintenance of road period Shivbasti section) likely to section(s) to ensure Monitoring be damaged due to maintaining good CSC, PMIU intensive use by serviceability for public construction traffic use 4 Operation of fill material Safety of persons and Throughout use of Contractors quarries property in extraction quarries in and transportation of construction Monitoring fill materials (e.g. CSC specific access to Coordination quarries) PMIU 5 Use of Public Roads in Traffic management in Throughout contract Contractors transportation of materials coordination with period Traffic Police (e.g. to Monitoring avoid road traffic CSC congestion) Coordination PMIU 6 Road Traffic Safety Ensure safety of Throughout contract Contractors Management pedestrians, public and period users of road used by Monitoring construction traffic CSC

7 Grievance Redress Grievances redress Throughout project Contractors, CSC, related to project period PMIU construction

8 Operation of Asphalt Plant Environment Throughout contract Contractors and Concrete Batching monitoring compliance period Plant with consideration of Monitoring minimizing noise CSC pollution, dust emission to avoid social concern.

B. Corrective Actions for GBA IC

2. As per discussion with GBA project officials, the following corrective actions are recommended for social safeguard compliance during the construction of new terminal building, T2 and associated facilities at GBA:

S.N. Issues Action Needed Timeline Responsibility 1 Remaining land Completion of land October 31, GBA IC, PMIU/ acquisition process acquisition process of 2020 CAAN related to T2 area (Lumbini Distillery) 2 Income Restoration of (i) Conduct skill trainings (i) 3 months after GBA IC, PMIU/ Affected Persons (APs) of (after assessing the training opening of CAAN land acquisition of T2 need) of the APs, to training institute area enhance capacity; and after normalization of (ii) Employment activities for COVID-19 the APs during construction. pandemic situation;

(ii)During construction of T2 3 Right to information to the Consultation and As needed, GBA IC, PMIU/ community affected by dissemination of throughout the CAAN project construction (i.e. information to the construction new terminal T2 and communities period associated facilities) 4 Conflict between host Consultation, orientation During Contractor community and the with/to the host community contractor's construction labor force and the labor forces mobilization Monitoring focused on social and (e.g. Consultant, PMIU cultural differences, conflict establishment of resolution contractor's temporary facilities) and throughout contract period 5 Grievance Redress Grievances redress related Throughout Contractors, to project construction project period Consultant, PMIU

6 Operation of Asphalt Environment monitoring Throughout Contractors Plant and Concrete compliance with contract period Batching Plant consideration of minimizing Monitoring noise pollution, dust Consultant emission to avoid social concern.