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Download Full June 2018 cchheemmiissin Auttstrrraliayy Chain of thought: a chemical version of CRISPR chemaust. raci. org.au • Biocides and the battle with biofouling • The chemical truth about teeth • On Lewis structures and banning the octet rule SCIENTIFIC RO WE PT Y LT D ABN 63 009 437 79 0 For accur ac y and pr of essionalism ISO 9001:201 5 LIC 10372 SAI Global TO DO: Me asuring C ylinder s S Class A Plastic (TP X) tay in touc h with my profession al society. Aim for th at paperl ess office. With an ac cur ac y y ou thought only av ailable in glass, Check ou Class A plastic (TP X) me asuring t news and cylinder s ar e no w av ailable at events at Rowe Scientific. raci.org.a https:// goo .gl/H7wsdP u SCAN C ODE T O VIEW MORE INF O We ar e a one st op shop f or all types o f liquid handling. Enquir e t oday . Don’t turn the page yet! Keep in touch with RACI by checking we have your latest details, and cut back on the clutter by accessing Chemistry in Australia online at chemaust.raci.org. au. 1 Visit raci.org.au and log on to your membership page. 2 Choose Update Your Details. 3 Check that we have your correct email and postal addresses . 4 Click the Online checkbox to access your magazine electronically only . Four simple steps and you’re up to date. Ne w South Wales & ACT Queensland South Australia & NT Ph: (02) 9603 1205 Ph: (07) 3376 9411 Ph: (08) 8186 0523 rowens w@r owe.com.au roweqld@r owe.com.au rowesa@r owe.com.au Do it today! Victoria & T asmania Western Australia Ph: (03) 9701 7077 Ph: (08) 9302 1911 rowevic@r owe.com.au rowewa@r owe.com.au REF:449 X:\MARKETING\ADVER TISING\449 - CHEM.IN.AUS.HALF P AGE.T ARSONS.20.03.18 June 2018 26 cover story v o Hijacking cells: the hunt for a chemical equivalent of h k u t l A CRISP R y i r u Y / Ian Linney shares his perspective on finding protein targets for drug o t o h 16 discovery programs. p k c o t S i 22 The hard truth news & research These fascinating facts about the chemistry of teeth make for perfect 4 Editorial conversation next time you’re in the dentist’s chair – if you can get a word in. 5 News 10 On the market 26 Battling biofouling with, and without, biocides 11 Research 15 Aust. J. Chem. From Phoenician times to the present day, biofouling has been a challenge to 42 the operation of marine vessels. Cryptic chemistry 42 Events members 22 30 New Fellows views & reviews 31 Books 32 Education 34 Science for fun 37 Academia 38 Plants & soils 40 Grapevine 41 Letter from Melbourne chemaust.raci.org.au editorial The centenary that was This month marks the conclusion of RACI’s centenary year. A Zealand, China, Japan, South Korea, Europe and the US. The century ago, RACI was celebrating its first birthday. World War I congress organiser, RACI staff and volunteers (including 24 had entered its final six months and John Monash had recently different organising committees) and 16 sponsors made this taken command of the Australian Corps. event possible. An exhibition program included 126 exhibitors, Australian chemist and industrialist David Zeidler was born and 1400 posters were presented. Many smaller meetings and in 1918. He joined the RACI in 1937 and became a fellow in events have been held across the country, organised by RACI 1954. He joined CSIR, then ICI, becoming chair in 1973. branches and divisions. As head of CSIR’s chemical engineering section during World The RACI centenary book RACI 1917–2017: a century of War II, Zeidler oversaw the planning, construction and bonds , edited by long-time member Helmut Hügel, was given to operation of eight pilot plants, including producing ethylene congress delegates (copies are available for purchase from the from alcohol, ethylene chlorhydrin for ethylene (required for National Office). novocaine synthesis), and using the Freney– Lipson process for Sixteen research students were awarded RACI bursaries to shrink-proofing woollen army socks. Historian Peter Yule’s assist them to travel to the Congress. You can read about their biography of Zeidler ( davidzeidler.com. au) includes a experiences at raci. org. au/ raci-news/raci100-student- description of Zeidler by then-colleague Ian Wark as having: experience. … a talent for chemical engineering research, the recognition of 100 Reactions for RACI100: A Centenary Project, led by the which has earned for him the profound respect of the other University of Tasmania’s Nathan Kilah, invited video members of the division. He is among the most co-operative and submissions highlighting chemistry research or outreach self-sacrificing men I have known and every officer has had help capabilities. Dave Sammut recounted his foray into the from him. spotlight at the National Measurement Institute and Fledge Zeidler held committee roles with the Walter and Eliza Hall Innovation Labs, with seasoned science communicators Rob Institute, Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Morrison and Deane Hutton, in his article in the August 2017 Engineering and the Defence Science Committee. He received a issue (p. 22). Commander of the Order of the British Empire ‘for services to Late last year, the National Office produced an advent industry, science and education’, and he was made a Knight calendar of 25 living Australian chemists as part of the Bachelor and a Companion of the Order of Australia. centenary year: raci. org. au/events-awards/advent-calendar. The RACI centenary kicked off with a successful five-day The RACI Board, branches and divisions are wrapping up the congress at the Melbourne Convention Centre last July, celebrations by suggesting names for consideration for featuring the RACI Centenary National Conference and 17th fellowship status. Congratulations to those centenary fellows Asian Chemical Congress umbrella event, and six specialist announced so far (in our April and May issues). partner conferences, plus seminars, specialty partner meetings, one-day symposia, panel sessions, workshops, development and Sally Woollett ([email protected]. au) outreach days, official functions and competitions. The congress brought together more than 3300 delegates from Australia, New ADVERTISING SALES BOOK REVIEWS MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE Mary Pappa Damien Blackwell Sam Adeloju (Chair) Sam. Adeloju@ monash. edu. au, Michael Gardiner, Ph/fax (03) 9328 2033/2670 damo34@ internode.on.net Helmut Hügel, Colin Scholes, Madeleine Schultz, Pamela Sutton-Legaud, chemaust.raci.org. au mary. [email protected] Richard Thwaites RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS CONTRIBUTIONS David Huang Contributors’ views are not necessarily endorsed by the RACI, and no EDITOR david. huang@ adelaide. edu. au Sally Woollett responsibility is accepted for accuracy of contributions. Visit the website’s resource centre at chemaust.raci.org. au for information about submissions. Ph (03) 5623 3971 GENERAL ENQUIRIES wools@ westnet.com. au Robyn Taylor © 2018 The Royal Australian Chemical Institute Inc. unless Ph/fax (03) 9328 2033/2670 PRODUCTION otherwise attributed. Content must not be reproduced wholly [email protected]. au PRODUCTION EDITOR Control Publications Pty Ltd or in part without written permission. Further details on the Catherine Greenwood [email protected]. au PRESIDENT website (chemaust.raci.org. au). catherine.greenwood@ bigpond.com www.control.com. au Peter Junk FRACI CChem ISSN 0314-4240 e- ISSN 1839-2539 4 | Chemistry in Australia June 2018 news Porous liquid discovery leads to new spin-out company Scientists at Queen’s University Belfast, effectiveness of the porous liquids. continuous flow separations, such as the UK, who invented a liquid that can Professor Stuart James from the removal of impurities from natural gas, dissolve remarkably large amounts of gas School of Chemistry and Chemical which currently relies on inefficient and have launched a new spin-out company Engineering at Queen’s University is a co- energy-intensive methods. Porous Liquid Technologies Ltd. founder of the new company. He said, ‘Porous liquids could be used as The experts took the product from ‘Porous liquids are a new class of liquid replacements for liquid absorption technology demonstration to materials that contain microscopic systems based on conventional liquids, commercialisation in less than three cavities or pores, each the size of a such as amine solutions. Currently, 40% years. single molecule. They contain up to of natural gas reserves are contaminated Originally, the researchers had 10 000 times the number of cavities that with impurities that need to be removed, targeted applications in large-scale are found in conventional liquids, and up but the existing technology for removing industrial separations for their new liquid to around 20% of the liquid is actually the impurities requires large amounts of materials, but the product is already empty space – creating new substances heat energy. The new material would be attracting interest in a number of other with a far greater absorption capacity much more energy efficient. ’ applications, such as medical diagnostics than the base solvents. A patent examination process is and household products. ‘Thanks to these cavities, porous underway for the core material. QUBIS, The project team, which includes liquids can absorb large amounts of gas the commercialisation arm of Queen’s experts from the School of Chemistry and and they can be tuned to selectively University, has invested in the new spin- Chemical Engineering at Queen’s, along absorb one gas over another. The major out company Porous Liquid Technologies with colleagues at the University of benefit of porous liquids is that, unlike Ltd, which will explore a broad range of Liverpool, published their initial findings solids, they can be circulated, meaning technological applications.
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