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Forcing Nature : Essays in Medieval Literature

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Forcing Nature : Essays in Medieval Literature In the dominant world-view of the Western Middle Ages, natura evoked divine P. S. Langeslag and Julia Stumpf (eds.) power as manifested in creation. Nature was an all-pervasive force, synonymous with God and his visible handiwork, but also a cosmic principle associated with fate and predestination in the Neoplatonic tradition. This volume of student essays Forcing Nature tackles nature in a range of physical and metaphysical guises, always centred on its representation in medieval English literature. It contains studies of the visible natural Essays in Medieval Literature world in elegiac, homiletic, and apocalyptic literature, but it also addresses other faces of nature, from the naked human form to the medieval reception of ancient ideas about free will, and closes with a comparative analysis of the nature of wisdom in Old English and The Lord of the Rings. Göttinger Schriften zur Englischen Philologie Band 11 2019 Langeslag / Stumpf (eds.) Forcing Nature / Langeslag ISBN: 978-3-86395-392-8 ISSN: 1868-3878 Universitätsdrucke Göttingen Universitätsdrucke Göttingen P. S. Langeslag/Julia Stumpf (eds.) Forcing Nature This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. erschienen als Band 11 in der Reihe „Göttinger Schriften zur Englischen Philologie“ in den Universitätsdrucken im Universitätsverlag Göttingen 2019 P. S. Langeslag Julia Stumpf (eds.) Forcing Nature Essays in Medieval Literature Göttinger Schriften zur Englischen Philologie, Band 11 Universitätsverlag Göttingen 2019 Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at <http://dnb.dnb.de>. Contact Dr. Frauke Reitemeier Seminar für Englische Philologie Käte-Hamburger-Weg 3 37073 Göttingen E-Mail: [email protected] This work is protected by German Intellectual Property Right Law. It is also available as an Open Access version through the publisher’s homepage and the Göttingen University Catalogue (GUK) at the Göttingen State and University Library (http://www.sub.uni-goettingen.de). The conditions of the license terms of the online version apply. Typesetting and layout: Julia Stumpf Cover image: St Gall, Stiftsbibliothek, Cod. Sang. 238, p. 325 (detail, De natura rerum) <https://www.e-codices.ch/en/list/one/csg/0238> © 2019 Universitätsverlag Göttingen https://univerlag.uni-goettingen.de ISBN: 978-3-86395-392-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17875/gup2019-1133 eISSN: 2512-6970 Table of Contents Preface (Paul Langeslag and Julia Stumpf) ............................................................................. 7 Free Will and Eternity in the Old English Poem Soul and Body (Bente Offereins) ........................................................................................................................ 9 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 9 Free Will ................................................................................................................... 10 The Soul ................................................................................................................... 13 Medieval Notions of Eternity .................................................................................... 16 The Relationship of Soul and Body in the Poem.................................................... 17 The Problem of Two Willing Instances ................................................................... 19 The Effect of Free Will on Eternity .......................................................................... 21 Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 24 Works Cited .................................................................................................................. 25 Apocalyptic Landscapes in Old English Poetry and Homilies (Verena Klose) ........................................................................................................................ 27 Apocalypticism in Anglo-Saxon Literary Tradition ................................................ 27 Sinful Degeneration: Human Existence in a Postlapsarian World....................... 28 Eschatological Transformation: Natural Changes Heralding the Last Days ...... 32 Purifying Destruction: The Cleansing of Soul and Landscape by Fire and Water .............................................................................................................. 35 Conclusion: The Apocalypse as the Ultimate Unleashing of Divine Power and Natural Forces ............................................................................. 38 Works Cited .................................................................................................................. 40 Transience in Four Old English Elegies (Irina Rau) ...................................................... 41 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 41 Transience in Four Old English Elegies .................................................................. 43 Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 53 Works Cited .................................................................................................................. 54 The Journey of Life in The Wanderer and The Seafarer (Julia Stumpf)............................. 57 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 57 Man in Time .................................................................................................................. 58 Life on Earth ................................................................................................................. 66 6 Man in Transition ......................................................................................................... 69 Finding a Home ............................................................................................................ 74 A Matter of Fate? ......................................................................................................... 77 Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 79 Works Cited .................................................................................................................. 79 Landscapes between Heaven and Hell in the Old English Guthlac Material (Verena Klose) ......................................................................................... 81 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 81 Fens, Deserts, and Mountains: Locating Landscapes in the Guthlac Material ........................................................................................................... 83 Guthlac’s Surroundings and Their Moral Quality ................................................... 90 Conclusion ................................................................................................................. 118 Works Cited ................................................................................................................ 121 Forms and Functions of Nakedness in Middle English Romances (Julia Josfeld) ......................................................................................................................... 125 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 125 Being Naked in the Middle Ages ............................................................................. 127 Nakedness in Middle English Romances ............................................................... 131 Conclusion ................................................................................................................. 149 Works Cited ................................................................................................................ 150 Wisdom in Old English Literature and The Lord of the Rings (Kai Friedhoff) .............. 153 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 153 The Anglo-Saxon Road to Wisdom ........................................................................ 156 Tolkien’s Road: The Importance of Wisdom in The Lord of the Rings ................ 167 Ancient Wisdom and the Circularity of Fiction .................................................... 170 Information and Counsel as the Currencies of Wisdom ..................................... 182 The Heroification of the Wise and the Demystification of the Heroic............. 195 Conclusion ................................................................................................................. 207 Works Cited ................................................................................................................ 209 „Göttinger Schriften zur Englischen Philologie“: Zum Konzept der Reihe (Frauke Reitemeier) ............................................................................................ 215 Preface Every semester, talented students gather
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