Masterarbeit

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Masterarbeit MASTERARBEIT Titel der Masterarbeit „Homosexualität im österreichischen Fußball – Untersuchung eines Tabuthemas“ Verfasserin Jennifer Staßen, B.A. angestrebter akademischer Grad Master of Arts (M.A.) Wien, 2012 Studienkennzahl lt Studienblat: A 066 824 Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt: Politikwissenschaft Betreuerin: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Eva Kreisky Ich versichere, dass ich diese Masterarbeit selbstständig verfasst, keine anderen als die an- gegebenen Quellen und Hilfsmittel benutzt, sowie alle wörtlich oder sinngemäß übernommenen Stellen in der Arbeit gekennzeichnet habe. Ich versichere, dass ich dieses Masterarbeitsthema bisher weder im In- noch im Ausland in irgendeiner Form als Prüfungs- arbeit vorgelegt habe Wien, am 01. Mai 2012 2 Danksagung Ein großes Dankeschön geht natürlich an meine Betreuerin Univ.-Prof. Dr. Kreisky die mich auf meinem Weg hin zu dieser Arbeit begleitet hat. Ihr Fachwissen und interessanten Kommentare haben dazu beigetragen diese Masterarbeit erfolgreich abschließen zu können. Ein großes Lob geht auch an Herrn Dr. Spitaler, der von den ersten Anfängen der Überlegungen bis hin zur Endversion immer ein offenes Ohr für mich hatte. Für die vielen Denkanstöße und Literaturhinweise bin ich überaus dankbar, da diese zur Qualität dieser Arbeit beigetragen haben. Ohne Herrn Dr. Spitalers Hilfe bei der Suche nach geeigneten Interviewpartners wären einige Interviews sicherlich erst viel später zu Stande gekommen. Ohne die vielen Zusagen der Interviewpartner hätte diese Masterarbeit nicht geschrieben werden können. Mein herzlichen Dank dafür an Thomas Prager (Spieler der SK Rapid Wien), Nacer Barazite (Spieler der FAK Austria Wien), Kurt Deringer (Teambetreuer bei Rapid Wien), Markus Schaffer (Teambetreuer der Wiener Austria), Peter Klinglmüller (Pressesprecher des Österreichischen Fußball Bunds) und Markus Pinter (Mitarbeiter bei FairPlay). Diese Interviews bilden die empirische Basis auf der diese Arbeit aufgebaut wurde und bilden das Herzstück dieser Arbeit. 3 Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis ........................................................................................................................... 4 Einleitung ........................................................................................................................................... 7 1. Prolog ........................................................................................................................................... 10 1.1 Problematik ................................................................................................................... 10 1.2 Forschungsfrage ........................................................................................................... 11 1.3 Forschungsannahmen .................................................................................................. 11 1.3.1 Erste Forschungsannahme ....................................................................................... 11 1.3.2 Zweite Forschungsannahme .................................................................................... 12 1.3.3. Dritte Forschungsannahme ..................................................................................... 12 1.4 Methodik ....................................................................................................................... 13 1.4.1 Literaturanalyse ....................................................................................................... 13 1.4.2 Interviews ................................................................................................................ 14 1.5 Aufbau ........................................................................................................................... 15 2. Begriffserklärung ..................................................................................................................... 17 2.1 Männlichkeit ................................................................................................................. 17 2.1.1 Hegemoniale Männlichkeit ..................................................................................... 17 2.2 Heteronormativität ....................................................................................................... 19 2.3 Homosexualität ............................................................................................................. 21 2.3.1 Bedeutung ................................................................................................................ 21 2.3.2 Hintergrund ............................................................................................................. 22 2.3.3 Coming Out ............................................................................................................. 24 2.4 Homophobie und Schwulenfeindlichkeit ................................................................... 25 2.4.1 Heterosexismus ....................................................................................................... 25 2.4.2 Ursachen .................................................................................................................. 26 2.5 Homoerotik ................................................................................................................... 28 3. Aktueller Forschungsstand ................................................................................................... 29 3.1 Sport und Wissenschaft ............................................................................................... 29 3.1.1 Sportgeschichte ....................................................................................................... 29 3.1.2 Sportsoziologie ........................................................................................................ 29 3.1.3 Sport und Politikwissenschaft ................................................................................. 30 3.1.4 Sportpsychologie ..................................................................................................... 30 3.2 Fußballgeschichte ......................................................................................................... 32 3.3 Männerdomäne Fußball .............................................................................................. 33 3.3.1 Militärisches Fußball ............................................................................................... 33 3.3.2 Männlichkeit im Stadion ......................................................................................... 33 3.3.3 Männlichkeit auf dem Platz ..................................................................................... 36 4 3.3.4 Männlichkeit neben dem Platz ................................................................................ 36 3.3.5 Männliche Grammatik ............................................................................................. 37 3.4 Homosexualität und Fußball ....................................................................................... 39 3.4.1 Sexualisierung des Fußballs .................................................................................... 39 3.4.2 Homosexualität im Fußball ..................................................................................... 40 3.4.3 Homophobie im Fußball .......................................................................................... 42 3.4.4 Ausblick ................................................................................................................... 43 4. Homosexuelle Spieler – vier Fallbeispiele ...................................................................... 44 4.1 Justin Fashanu .............................................................................................................. 44 4.1.1 Leben ....................................................................................................................... 44 4.1.2 Coming Out ............................................................................................................. 45 4.1.3 Ein tragisches Ende ................................................................................................. 45 4.2 Marcus Urban ............................................................................................................... 46 4.2.1 Leben ....................................................................................................................... 46 4.2.2 Coming Out ............................................................................................................. 46 4.2.3 Homosexualität im Fußball ..................................................................................... 47 4.3 Jonathan de Falco ......................................................................................................... 48 4.3.1 Leben ....................................................................................................................... 48 4.3.2 Coming Out ............................................................................................................. 48 4.3.3 Ein Leben als schwuler Pornostar ........................................................................... 49 4.4 David Testo .................................................................................................................... 50 4.4.1 Leben ....................................................................................................................... 50 4.4.2 Coming Out ............................................................................................................
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